CA1126322A - Electric incandescent lamp - Google Patents
Electric incandescent lampInfo
- Publication number
- CA1126322A CA1126322A CA328,300A CA328300A CA1126322A CA 1126322 A CA1126322 A CA 1126322A CA 328300 A CA328300 A CA 328300A CA 1126322 A CA1126322 A CA 1126322A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- filament
- lamp
- wire
- tungsten
- lamp envelope
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/18—Mountings or supports for the incandescent body
- H01K1/24—Mounts for lamps with connections at opposite ends, e.g. for tubular lamp
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
- H01K1/00—Details
- H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
- H01K1/16—Electric connection thereto
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
- Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT:
Electric incandescent lamps having a bromine and hydrogen containing gas filling are also provided with iodine if they are to have a long computed life.
This has a protecting influence on the colder tungsten parts of the lamp. However, the use of iodine also exibits disadvantages.
In lamps according to the invention the cur-rens inside the lamp envelope is supplied to the coiled coil filament via a helically-wound tungsten wire which is screwed in or around the filament and is in ingage-ment with at least a secondary turn of said filament.
This construction enables the omission of the use of iodine.
Electric incandescent lamps having a bromine and hydrogen containing gas filling are also provided with iodine if they are to have a long computed life.
This has a protecting influence on the colder tungsten parts of the lamp. However, the use of iodine also exibits disadvantages.
In lamps according to the invention the cur-rens inside the lamp envelope is supplied to the coiled coil filament via a helically-wound tungsten wire which is screwed in or around the filament and is in ingage-ment with at least a secondary turn of said filament.
This construction enables the omission of the use of iodine.
Description
~lZ63~Z
23.11.78 1 PHN 9137 "Electric incandescent lamp."
The invention relates to an electric incan-descent lamp having a tubular light-transmitting lamp envelope with at each end a vacuum-tight seal in each j Or which a respective current leadthrough conductor is incorporated, said lamp envelope comprising a gas fil-ling consisting of an inert gas containing bromine and j hydrogen and in which a coiled coil tungsten filament is ! stretched axia]ly~ a whol~y helically wound tungsten wire connected to the current leadthrough conductor extending into the lamp envelope from each of the seal.s. Such a lamp is disclosed in United States Patent Specification 3~470,410.
In the known lamp the filalllent comprises limbs of single coi.1ed (s.c.) wire each e~tending into a seal of the lamp envelope and being i.n direct contact with the current leadthroug}l conductor. Each of the limbs is sur-rounded ~rom the seal over a part of i.ts ]ength by the helically wound wire. l`his constructi.on has the dual pur-pose of increasing the flexibility and strength of the suspension of the filanlent and of reducing attack of the limbs of the filament by brornine. The helically wound wire does not serve as an internal current supply con--ductor.
The known lamp is very highly loaded. During operation at nominal voltage the filament reaches a .
~h . ,, - ~Z632~
24.11.7~ 2 PHN 9137 temperature of 31100 K. ~s a result of this the ]amp only has a life of a few tens of hours determined by evaporation of tungsten from the filament. This period is so short that the reduction of the attack of the limbs 5 of the filament which is achieved by the said structùral measure is sufficient to prevent the lamp from reaching end of life as a result of said attack.
In some commcrcially available lamps having a very long computed life-for operation at nominal voltage, 10 for example 2000 hours or more, the internal current con-ductor consists of a straight tungsten wire which is wound helically at one end and the turns of the wound - portion are screwed into the filament. Such a construction i is disclosed in United S-tates Patent Specification 3,376,460 15 and British Patent Specification 1,340,778. When such lamps are provided with a gas filling consisting of an inert gas containing bromine and hydrogen, the computed life of the lamp is not achieved, due to attack of the ends of the filament by bromine. At the transition shortcircuited/non-20 shortcircui~d turns of the filament a considerable axial~tungsten transport takes place, tungsten from the first turns being deposited on the other turns. As a result of this, one turn becomes thinner and thinner until it fuses, while dendrites are formcd at the other turn which may result in 25 inter-turn shortcircuitillg.
Reduction of life is prevented in such com-mercially lamps by adding iodine to the gas filling. This exerts a protecting function. The use of iodine and the dosing of the correct quantity thereof, however, presents 30 large problems in the production of the lamps, while iodine also imposes stringent requirements on tlle operating position of the lamp and gives an approximately 5% lcuer luminous cfficiency due to light absorption.
It is the object of the invention to prevent 35 the necessity of adding ioaine to the filling gas of a bromine and hydrogen-containing lamp and nevertheless to obtain a lamp having a very long operating life.
~1~632~
.
24.11.78 ` 3 PHN 9137 According to the invention, this objec-t is realized in a lamp of the kind mentioned in the preamble in that eacll of the helically wound tungsten wires extends as a current supply conductor to beyond the nearest secon-dary turn of the filament and is in engagement with saidturn. If desired, the wound wire may extend so far as to be in engagement with several turns, for example 4 turns, ~ of the filament.
- The construction of the lamp according to the invention is essentially different from that of the lamp according to the said United States Patent 3,47O,41O.
In that known lamp the helically wound wire is slid over the limbs of the filament. The turns of the wire and the limbs are not inlocking engagement with each other. The inside diameter of the turns of the wire is "equal to or very little larger than~ the outside diameter of the limbs.
In the lamp according to the invention the diameter of the turns of the wire is much larger, in the order of the diameter of the secondary turns of the fi-' ~lament.
j In the lamp disclosed in United States Patent 3,47O,41O, the limbs of the filament itself form the internal current supply conductors of the lamp. The heli-cally wound wire does not extend up to the secondary turns and only has a supportillg function. In the lamp according to the invention the helically-wound wire on the contrary is an internal current supply conductor.
The helically wound wire may be screwed around or into the coiled coil filament. When helically-wound wire is used which is screwed around the filament~
thicker wire may be used. In lamps in which the helically wound wire is screwed into the filament, end of life is also reached, however, when the filament fuses in the hottest place after a period in operation which corre-; sponds to the compwted duration.
The helically wound wire may locally begiven a different pitch. The wire may then be screwed into ~lZ63~
; 24.1~.78 4 PHN 9137 or around the filament up to the turn having a different pitch. This measure is a simple au~iliary means to achieve that the helically wound wire is screwed into or around the filament over a previously determined length.
The lamp according to the invention is excel-lently suitable for use as a floodlight-lamp or as an infra-red radiator. During operation at mains voltage the lamp consumes a power between 250 and 600 watts.
When using a helically-wound wire which is 10 screwed into the filament, a wire which is as thick as possible is preferably used. The diameter of the fila~
ment and the fact that a wire is difficult to wind he-lically on a mandrel which is thinner than the wire im-pose practical limits on the diameter of the wire which is used aI`ter having been wound helically. Generally the ` wire diameter will be 200 to 400 /um. ~1en the helically ~ wound wire is screwed around the filament, a thicker wire I may be used and the pitch of the filament is decisive of the largest permissible thickness. The wire thickness ~ 20 will generally not exceed 700 /um.
;~ ~ Good results are obtained with lamps in which the distance between the seal of the lamp envelope and ~ the ]ight-emissive (non-shortcircuited) part of the j filament is about 4 mm or more. The helically wound wire 25 may also be screwed further around or in the filament with which, however, with a given power of the lamp, increase of its dimensions becomes necessary.
Embodiments of lamps according to the in~en-tion will now be described with reference to the drawing.
30 In the drawing ~igure 1 is an elevation of a first lamp, ~igure 2 is an elevation o~ a second lamp.
In ~igures 1 and 2, a quartz glass lamp en-velope 1 has pinch seals 2 in which current lead-through 35 conductors 3 are incorporated. These are each connected to an external current conductor 4 and to a helically wound wire 6 which extends in the lamp envelope to beyond the 'wo nearest secondary turns 7 and ~ of the filament , ;2632~:
- 24.11.78 5 PHN 9137 5. The filament is locally supported by an intermediate support 9.
l In ~igure 1 the wire 6 is screwed into the turns of filament 5, in Eigure 2 it is screwed around these turns.
In Figure 2 the wire 6 has a straight end 10 so as to facilitate the manufacture of a welded joint to the foil 3.
In the following examples of practical lamps in accordance with the invention, the dimensions in brackets represent a further example in each case.
Example 1 A coiled coil filament 5 having an overall length of 6.55 (6.27)cm formed from tungsten wire of 121 , 15 (82) /um diameter was arranged in a tubular quartz glass lamp envelope 1. The secondary turns had been made on a mandrel of 6l~3 (405)/um diameter. At each end two second-ary turns 7, 8 were shortcircuited by a helically wound filament wire 6 screwed in the filament and obtained by ~o winding a wire of 350 (250)/um diameter on a mandrel of `450 (300)/um. The distance from the first non-short-i circuited turn of the filament to the nearest pinch with which the lamp envelope was sealed was 5 mm. The helicall~
' wound wires 6 were each welded on a molybdenum foil in-', 25 corporated in the pinch seals of the lamp envelope. In order to facilitate welding, a tungsten mandrel was pro-vided in the part of the wound wire 6 which was in contact with the foil. The lamp enve]ope was filled with 2.5 bar Ar to which 0.3 % by volume of CH2Br2 had been added. The lamp was operated at 220 volts and tested for life. The lamp consumed a power of 500 watts. (300 watts in the case of the lamp having the sizes stated in brackets).
After 2100 hours in operation no attack of colder tungsten parts was observable.
Example 2 A lamp having a lamp envelope, a gas ~i1ling and a filament identical to those of example 1 was pro- :
vided wi-th a helically wound tungsten wire (6) screwed 63~2~
24.11.78 6 PHN 9137 around the fi.l.amerlt. This wire, diameter 500 (400)/um, was wound on a mandrel of 1250 (750)/um- The lamp con-sumed a power of 500 (300) watts. ~fter 2100 hours in operation no attack was observable.
.
~0 ~, 15 .~ .
Ii . ' .
, 25 .
23.11.78 1 PHN 9137 "Electric incandescent lamp."
The invention relates to an electric incan-descent lamp having a tubular light-transmitting lamp envelope with at each end a vacuum-tight seal in each j Or which a respective current leadthrough conductor is incorporated, said lamp envelope comprising a gas fil-ling consisting of an inert gas containing bromine and j hydrogen and in which a coiled coil tungsten filament is ! stretched axia]ly~ a whol~y helically wound tungsten wire connected to the current leadthrough conductor extending into the lamp envelope from each of the seal.s. Such a lamp is disclosed in United States Patent Specification 3~470,410.
In the known lamp the filalllent comprises limbs of single coi.1ed (s.c.) wire each e~tending into a seal of the lamp envelope and being i.n direct contact with the current leadthroug}l conductor. Each of the limbs is sur-rounded ~rom the seal over a part of i.ts ]ength by the helically wound wire. l`his constructi.on has the dual pur-pose of increasing the flexibility and strength of the suspension of the filanlent and of reducing attack of the limbs of the filament by brornine. The helically wound wire does not serve as an internal current supply con--ductor.
The known lamp is very highly loaded. During operation at nominal voltage the filament reaches a .
~h . ,, - ~Z632~
24.11.7~ 2 PHN 9137 temperature of 31100 K. ~s a result of this the ]amp only has a life of a few tens of hours determined by evaporation of tungsten from the filament. This period is so short that the reduction of the attack of the limbs 5 of the filament which is achieved by the said structùral measure is sufficient to prevent the lamp from reaching end of life as a result of said attack.
In some commcrcially available lamps having a very long computed life-for operation at nominal voltage, 10 for example 2000 hours or more, the internal current con-ductor consists of a straight tungsten wire which is wound helically at one end and the turns of the wound - portion are screwed into the filament. Such a construction i is disclosed in United S-tates Patent Specification 3,376,460 15 and British Patent Specification 1,340,778. When such lamps are provided with a gas filling consisting of an inert gas containing bromine and hydrogen, the computed life of the lamp is not achieved, due to attack of the ends of the filament by bromine. At the transition shortcircuited/non-20 shortcircui~d turns of the filament a considerable axial~tungsten transport takes place, tungsten from the first turns being deposited on the other turns. As a result of this, one turn becomes thinner and thinner until it fuses, while dendrites are formcd at the other turn which may result in 25 inter-turn shortcircuitillg.
Reduction of life is prevented in such com-mercially lamps by adding iodine to the gas filling. This exerts a protecting function. The use of iodine and the dosing of the correct quantity thereof, however, presents 30 large problems in the production of the lamps, while iodine also imposes stringent requirements on tlle operating position of the lamp and gives an approximately 5% lcuer luminous cfficiency due to light absorption.
It is the object of the invention to prevent 35 the necessity of adding ioaine to the filling gas of a bromine and hydrogen-containing lamp and nevertheless to obtain a lamp having a very long operating life.
~1~632~
.
24.11.78 ` 3 PHN 9137 According to the invention, this objec-t is realized in a lamp of the kind mentioned in the preamble in that eacll of the helically wound tungsten wires extends as a current supply conductor to beyond the nearest secon-dary turn of the filament and is in engagement with saidturn. If desired, the wound wire may extend so far as to be in engagement with several turns, for example 4 turns, ~ of the filament.
- The construction of the lamp according to the invention is essentially different from that of the lamp according to the said United States Patent 3,47O,41O.
In that known lamp the helically wound wire is slid over the limbs of the filament. The turns of the wire and the limbs are not inlocking engagement with each other. The inside diameter of the turns of the wire is "equal to or very little larger than~ the outside diameter of the limbs.
In the lamp according to the invention the diameter of the turns of the wire is much larger, in the order of the diameter of the secondary turns of the fi-' ~lament.
j In the lamp disclosed in United States Patent 3,47O,41O, the limbs of the filament itself form the internal current supply conductors of the lamp. The heli-cally wound wire does not extend up to the secondary turns and only has a supportillg function. In the lamp according to the invention the helically-wound wire on the contrary is an internal current supply conductor.
The helically wound wire may be screwed around or into the coiled coil filament. When helically-wound wire is used which is screwed around the filament~
thicker wire may be used. In lamps in which the helically wound wire is screwed into the filament, end of life is also reached, however, when the filament fuses in the hottest place after a period in operation which corre-; sponds to the compwted duration.
The helically wound wire may locally begiven a different pitch. The wire may then be screwed into ~lZ63~
; 24.1~.78 4 PHN 9137 or around the filament up to the turn having a different pitch. This measure is a simple au~iliary means to achieve that the helically wound wire is screwed into or around the filament over a previously determined length.
The lamp according to the invention is excel-lently suitable for use as a floodlight-lamp or as an infra-red radiator. During operation at mains voltage the lamp consumes a power between 250 and 600 watts.
When using a helically-wound wire which is 10 screwed into the filament, a wire which is as thick as possible is preferably used. The diameter of the fila~
ment and the fact that a wire is difficult to wind he-lically on a mandrel which is thinner than the wire im-pose practical limits on the diameter of the wire which is used aI`ter having been wound helically. Generally the ` wire diameter will be 200 to 400 /um. ~1en the helically ~ wound wire is screwed around the filament, a thicker wire I may be used and the pitch of the filament is decisive of the largest permissible thickness. The wire thickness ~ 20 will generally not exceed 700 /um.
;~ ~ Good results are obtained with lamps in which the distance between the seal of the lamp envelope and ~ the ]ight-emissive (non-shortcircuited) part of the j filament is about 4 mm or more. The helically wound wire 25 may also be screwed further around or in the filament with which, however, with a given power of the lamp, increase of its dimensions becomes necessary.
Embodiments of lamps according to the in~en-tion will now be described with reference to the drawing.
30 In the drawing ~igure 1 is an elevation of a first lamp, ~igure 2 is an elevation o~ a second lamp.
In ~igures 1 and 2, a quartz glass lamp en-velope 1 has pinch seals 2 in which current lead-through 35 conductors 3 are incorporated. These are each connected to an external current conductor 4 and to a helically wound wire 6 which extends in the lamp envelope to beyond the 'wo nearest secondary turns 7 and ~ of the filament , ;2632~:
- 24.11.78 5 PHN 9137 5. The filament is locally supported by an intermediate support 9.
l In ~igure 1 the wire 6 is screwed into the turns of filament 5, in Eigure 2 it is screwed around these turns.
In Figure 2 the wire 6 has a straight end 10 so as to facilitate the manufacture of a welded joint to the foil 3.
In the following examples of practical lamps in accordance with the invention, the dimensions in brackets represent a further example in each case.
Example 1 A coiled coil filament 5 having an overall length of 6.55 (6.27)cm formed from tungsten wire of 121 , 15 (82) /um diameter was arranged in a tubular quartz glass lamp envelope 1. The secondary turns had been made on a mandrel of 6l~3 (405)/um diameter. At each end two second-ary turns 7, 8 were shortcircuited by a helically wound filament wire 6 screwed in the filament and obtained by ~o winding a wire of 350 (250)/um diameter on a mandrel of `450 (300)/um. The distance from the first non-short-i circuited turn of the filament to the nearest pinch with which the lamp envelope was sealed was 5 mm. The helicall~
' wound wires 6 were each welded on a molybdenum foil in-', 25 corporated in the pinch seals of the lamp envelope. In order to facilitate welding, a tungsten mandrel was pro-vided in the part of the wound wire 6 which was in contact with the foil. The lamp enve]ope was filled with 2.5 bar Ar to which 0.3 % by volume of CH2Br2 had been added. The lamp was operated at 220 volts and tested for life. The lamp consumed a power of 500 watts. (300 watts in the case of the lamp having the sizes stated in brackets).
After 2100 hours in operation no attack of colder tungsten parts was observable.
Example 2 A lamp having a lamp envelope, a gas ~i1ling and a filament identical to those of example 1 was pro- :
vided wi-th a helically wound tungsten wire (6) screwed 63~2~
24.11.78 6 PHN 9137 around the fi.l.amerlt. This wire, diameter 500 (400)/um, was wound on a mandrel of 1250 (750)/um- The lamp con-sumed a power of 500 (300) watts. ~fter 2100 hours in operation no attack was observable.
.
~0 ~, 15 .~ .
Ii . ' .
, 25 .
Claims
23.11.78 PHN 9137 THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
An electric incandescent lamp having a tubular light-transmitting lamp envelope with at each end a vacuum-tight seal in each of which a current leadthrough conductor is incorporated, said lamp envelope having a gas filling consisting of an inert gas containing bro-mine and hydrogen and in which a coiled coil tungsten filament is stretched axially, a wholely helically wound tungsten wire connected to the current leadthrough con-ductor extending in the lamp envelope from each of the seals, characterized in that each of the helically wound tungsten wires extends as a current supply conductor to beyond the nearest secondary turn of the filament and is in engagement with said turn.
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
An electric incandescent lamp having a tubular light-transmitting lamp envelope with at each end a vacuum-tight seal in each of which a current leadthrough conductor is incorporated, said lamp envelope having a gas filling consisting of an inert gas containing bro-mine and hydrogen and in which a coiled coil tungsten filament is stretched axially, a wholely helically wound tungsten wire connected to the current leadthrough con-ductor extending in the lamp envelope from each of the seals, characterized in that each of the helically wound tungsten wires extends as a current supply conductor to beyond the nearest secondary turn of the filament and is in engagement with said turn.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL7805958A NL7805958A (en) | 1978-06-01 | 1978-06-01 | ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB. |
| NL7805958 | 1978-06-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1126322A true CA1126322A (en) | 1982-06-22 |
Family
ID=19830961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA328,300A Expired CA1126322A (en) | 1978-06-01 | 1979-05-24 | Electric incandescent lamp |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5822858B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE876668A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1126322A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2921436A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2427684A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2022917B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7805958A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HU208195B (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1993-08-30 | Tungsram Reszvenytarsasag | Linner conductor for halogen-filled incandescent lamp having bent lamp screen |
| GB9000964D0 (en) * | 1990-01-16 | 1990-03-14 | Emi Plc Thorn | Circular heater lamp |
| GB2305585B (en) * | 1995-03-09 | 1999-02-10 | Ge Lighting Ltd | Heat source |
| KR100672363B1 (en) | 2005-02-18 | 2007-01-24 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Lamp |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3376460A (en) * | 1965-09-20 | 1968-04-02 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Conical shaped filament support |
| US3470410A (en) * | 1967-01-16 | 1969-09-30 | Gen Electric | Bromine regenerative cycle incandescent lamps with protective overwind coils on coiled filament legs |
| NL7705668A (en) * | 1977-05-24 | 1978-11-28 | Philips Nv | ELECTRIC HALOGEN BULB. |
-
1978
- 1978-06-01 NL NL7805958A patent/NL7805958A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1979
- 1979-05-24 CA CA328,300A patent/CA1126322A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-26 DE DE19792921436 patent/DE2921436A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1979-05-29 GB GB7918672A patent/GB2022917B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-05-30 BE BE0/195492A patent/BE876668A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-05-31 JP JP6806679A patent/JPS5822858B2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-06-01 FR FR7914135A patent/FR2427684A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2022917B (en) | 1982-05-06 |
| DE2921436A1 (en) | 1979-12-06 |
| JPS554892A (en) | 1980-01-14 |
| FR2427684B1 (en) | 1984-03-23 |
| FR2427684A1 (en) | 1979-12-28 |
| BE876668A (en) | 1979-11-30 |
| JPS5822858B2 (en) | 1983-05-11 |
| GB2022917A (en) | 1979-12-19 |
| NL7805958A (en) | 1979-12-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |