CA1126060A - Self-locking screw-threaded part - Google Patents
Self-locking screw-threaded partInfo
- Publication number
- CA1126060A CA1126060A CA315,367A CA315367A CA1126060A CA 1126060 A CA1126060 A CA 1126060A CA 315367 A CA315367 A CA 315367A CA 1126060 A CA1126060 A CA 1126060A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- screw
- thread
- threaded part
- threaded
- self
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
- F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
- F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
- F16B39/28—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by special members on, or shape of, the nut or bolt
- F16B39/30—Locking exclusively by special shape of the screw-thread
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Bolts, Nuts, And Washers (AREA)
- Clamps And Clips (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Self-locking Screw-threaded Part ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a self-locking screw-threaded part and provides a self-locking screw-threaded part which can be used without any anti-loosening member such as a spring washer with no risk of being loosened. Further, the present invention provides a self-locking screw-threaded part which can easily be manufactured as compared with a conventional self-locking screw-threaded part which uses a plastic patch or the like and can offer an excellent anti-loosening effect. The self-locking screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention has a slit (4) extending radially from the crest portion of the screw-thread (2), the flank angle (3) of the screw-thread (2) being smaller than the flank angle (8) of the screw-thread (7) of a cooperating screw-threaded part (6), whereby the screw-thread (2) is resiliently deformed as the screw-thread (2) is engaged with the screw-thread (7) in a direction wherein the slit (4) is decreased in width, and the flanks (2a) of the screw-thread (2) is urged under a strong force against the flanks of the screw-thread (7) so that a strong frictional force is produced between the flanks to thereby provide an anti-loosening effect.
Self-locking Screw-threaded Part ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a self-locking screw-threaded part and provides a self-locking screw-threaded part which can be used without any anti-loosening member such as a spring washer with no risk of being loosened. Further, the present invention provides a self-locking screw-threaded part which can easily be manufactured as compared with a conventional self-locking screw-threaded part which uses a plastic patch or the like and can offer an excellent anti-loosening effect. The self-locking screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention has a slit (4) extending radially from the crest portion of the screw-thread (2), the flank angle (3) of the screw-thread (2) being smaller than the flank angle (8) of the screw-thread (7) of a cooperating screw-threaded part (6), whereby the screw-thread (2) is resiliently deformed as the screw-thread (2) is engaged with the screw-thread (7) in a direction wherein the slit (4) is decreased in width, and the flanks (2a) of the screw-thread (2) is urged under a strong force against the flanks of the screw-thread (7) so that a strong frictional force is produced between the flanks to thereby provide an anti-loosening effect.
Description
~lZ~6~31 TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to screw-threaded parts and more particularly to self-locking screw-threaded parts. The term "screw-threaded part" as used herein is intended to ocver broadly externally threaded parts such as bolts as well as internally threaded parts such as nuts, and is applicable not only to ~tructural screw-threaded part~ such as bolts and nuts but also to screw-threaded parts having mutually engageable external and internal threads such as screw-threaded parts for electrical connectors.
BACKGROUND ART
Conventionally, screw-threaded parts such as bolts or nuts are in many cases used together with anti-loosening members such as spring washers in order to prevent them from loosening after they have been tightened, so that inconveniencies have been encountered in tightenin~ such parts. Therefore, development and practical use have been directed to self-locking screw-threaded parts having threaded portions provided with friction patches made of rubber or plastic material for obtaining an increased resistance to loosening. However, these types of screw-threaded parts having the friction patches are expensive because additional processes are required in manufacture, and it is not so easy to accomplish reliable adherence between the threade~ portions and the friction patches.
Further, the friction patches have limited amounts of anti-loosening effects so that adequately reliable results ~6~
cannot be obtained.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The present invention has an object to eliminate the aforementioned problems in the conventional self-locking screw-threaded parts and provide self-locking screw-threaded parts which can readily be manufactured and is less expensive but can provide reliable anti-loosening effects.
Another object of the present invention is to provide self-locking mechanisms which can readily be applied either externally screw-threaded parts or internally screw-threaded parts.
A further object of the present invention is to provide self-locking mechanisms which can be formed solely with materials for providing screw-threaded parts without having other materials adhered thereto.
In order to accomplish the above objects, the self-locking screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention is characterized by having at least one spirally extending screw-thread which includes a root portion, a crest portion and a pair of flanks converging from the root portion to the crest portion with a predetermined flank angle, said screw-thread being formed in at least a portion thereof with at least one slit radially extending ~5 from said crest portion, the flank angle of the screw-thread at the portion having said slit being so determined that when the screw-threaded part is engaged with a cooperating screw-threaded part resilient deformations are ~126~
produced in a direction to decrease in width the slit. In the self locking screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention, resilient deformations are produced when it is threadably engaged with a cooperating screw-threaded part ln the screw-thread at the portion having the slit in an axial direction, that is/ the direction wherein the slit is decreased in width, so that the ~crew-thread is forced under the resilient restoring force against the screw-thread in the cooperating screw-threaded part with a strong pressure so that a high resistance is provided against loosening.
The screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention can readily be manufactured by a conventionally employed technique such as a rolling and the slit can simultaneously be formed in the process of ~ forming the screw-thread, so that it can be extremely easily manufactured. The depth of the slit may be substantially equal to the height of the screw-thread, however, from the viewpoint of the strength of the screw-thread, the depth of the slit should preferably be smaller than the height of the screw-thread.
Particularly, when the screw~threaded part is manufactured by rolling, it is desirable that the depth of the slit is so determined that the bottom of the slit does not go beyond the peripheral surface of the raw material.
The screw-thread of the part in accordance with the present invention is so formed that the flank angle at the portion having the slit is smaller than the flank angle of ` ~26(~60 the cooperating screw-threaded part. Where the cooperating screw-threaded part is o~ a standard configuration, the flank angle of the screw-thread in accordance with the present invention is smaller at the slitted portion than that of a standard screw-thread~ The slit may be formed throughout the periphery of the screw-thread or only in a portion thereof. Alternatively, it may be formed inter-mittently.
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combination of first and second threaded members wherein the first threaded member has a first spirally formed ~ screw-thread including a root portion, a crest portion and two opposite flanks converging from said root portion to said crest portion at a predetermined fla~k angle, said first screw-thread having a slit formed to extend radially inwardly from the crest portion; and wherein the second threaded mem-ber has a second screw-thread adapted to be engaged with said first screw thread of said first threaded member, said second screw-thread including a root portion, a crest portion and two opposite flanks converging from said root portion to said crest portion at a predetermined flanX angle, characterized in that the flank angle of said first screw-thread in said first threaded member in the area of the slitted portion is smaller than that of said second screw-thread in said second threaded member, so that, when said first and second threaded members are engaged with each other, the slitted portion of said first screw-thread of said first threaded member is re-siliently deformed to decrease the width of said slit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a partially sectioned side elevational view fragmentarily showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a bolt; Figure 2 is an - ~26~0 enlarged sectional view showing the engagement between the screw-thread of the present invention and a conventional screw-thread; Figure 3 is a sectional view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a nut, and Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing another embodiment of the self-locking screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention.
BEST MODE OF CA~RYING OUI THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, the bolt 1 shown therein is the one which has been manufactured by cutting for example a wire of a carbon steel into a suitable size and applying a rolling technique thereto so as to provide a spiral screw-thread 2. The screw-thread 2 is of a section of a substantially trapezoidal configuration having opposite flanks 2a converging from~a root portion to a crest portion with a constant flank angle 3, and has a slit 4 -5a-~L2i~
extending radially inwardly from the crest portion. It is preferable from the viewpoint of the strength of the screw-thread 2 that the slit 4 is of such a dimension that the bottom thereof does not get inside or does not reach the position 5 of the outer perlpheral surface of the wire ma-terial before rolling. The bolt 1 is designed so as to be used in combination with a nut having a standard screw~thread 7 as shown by 6 in Figure 2, and has a pitch equal to the pitch of the standard screw-thread with the flank angle 3 smaller than the flank angle 8 of the standard screw-thread 7. Therefore, when the bolt 1 is brought into engagement with the nut 6, the screw-thread 2 of the bolt 1 is resiliently deformed from the position shown by a phantom line 2b in Figure 2 to a position shown by a solid line, whereby the flanks 2a thereof are urged under a strong force against the flanks of the screw-thread 7 of the nut 6 to produce a strong frictional force for resisting the bolt 1 against loosening.
Flgure 3 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a nut. The nut 11 has a screw-thread 12 having a crest portion formed with a slit 14 extending in radial direction. In this instance too, the flank angle of the screw-thread 12 is smaller than the flank angle of the screw-thread in a bolt which is adapted to be threadably engaged with the nut 11 so that the screw-thread 12 of the nut is resiliently deformed when the bolt is threadably engaged with the nut 11 as in tpe case of the bolt in the previous embodiment.
~z~
Figure 4 show.s another embodiment of the present invention in which the screw-thread 22 is formed with a slit 24 e~tending radially from the crest portion thereof.
In this embodiment, the slit 24 is o~ a depth substantially equal to the height of the screw-thread 22.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICAB:[LIT~
The present invention is applicable not only to bolts, nut and structural screw-threaded parts similar thereto but also to electric connectors or other screw-threaded parts comprising mutually engageable external and internal screw-threads.
:
The present invention relates to screw-threaded parts and more particularly to self-locking screw-threaded parts. The term "screw-threaded part" as used herein is intended to ocver broadly externally threaded parts such as bolts as well as internally threaded parts such as nuts, and is applicable not only to ~tructural screw-threaded part~ such as bolts and nuts but also to screw-threaded parts having mutually engageable external and internal threads such as screw-threaded parts for electrical connectors.
BACKGROUND ART
Conventionally, screw-threaded parts such as bolts or nuts are in many cases used together with anti-loosening members such as spring washers in order to prevent them from loosening after they have been tightened, so that inconveniencies have been encountered in tightenin~ such parts. Therefore, development and practical use have been directed to self-locking screw-threaded parts having threaded portions provided with friction patches made of rubber or plastic material for obtaining an increased resistance to loosening. However, these types of screw-threaded parts having the friction patches are expensive because additional processes are required in manufacture, and it is not so easy to accomplish reliable adherence between the threade~ portions and the friction patches.
Further, the friction patches have limited amounts of anti-loosening effects so that adequately reliable results ~6~
cannot be obtained.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The present invention has an object to eliminate the aforementioned problems in the conventional self-locking screw-threaded parts and provide self-locking screw-threaded parts which can readily be manufactured and is less expensive but can provide reliable anti-loosening effects.
Another object of the present invention is to provide self-locking mechanisms which can readily be applied either externally screw-threaded parts or internally screw-threaded parts.
A further object of the present invention is to provide self-locking mechanisms which can be formed solely with materials for providing screw-threaded parts without having other materials adhered thereto.
In order to accomplish the above objects, the self-locking screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention is characterized by having at least one spirally extending screw-thread which includes a root portion, a crest portion and a pair of flanks converging from the root portion to the crest portion with a predetermined flank angle, said screw-thread being formed in at least a portion thereof with at least one slit radially extending ~5 from said crest portion, the flank angle of the screw-thread at the portion having said slit being so determined that when the screw-threaded part is engaged with a cooperating screw-threaded part resilient deformations are ~126~
produced in a direction to decrease in width the slit. In the self locking screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention, resilient deformations are produced when it is threadably engaged with a cooperating screw-threaded part ln the screw-thread at the portion having the slit in an axial direction, that is/ the direction wherein the slit is decreased in width, so that the ~crew-thread is forced under the resilient restoring force against the screw-thread in the cooperating screw-threaded part with a strong pressure so that a high resistance is provided against loosening.
The screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention can readily be manufactured by a conventionally employed technique such as a rolling and the slit can simultaneously be formed in the process of ~ forming the screw-thread, so that it can be extremely easily manufactured. The depth of the slit may be substantially equal to the height of the screw-thread, however, from the viewpoint of the strength of the screw-thread, the depth of the slit should preferably be smaller than the height of the screw-thread.
Particularly, when the screw~threaded part is manufactured by rolling, it is desirable that the depth of the slit is so determined that the bottom of the slit does not go beyond the peripheral surface of the raw material.
The screw-thread of the part in accordance with the present invention is so formed that the flank angle at the portion having the slit is smaller than the flank angle of ` ~26(~60 the cooperating screw-threaded part. Where the cooperating screw-threaded part is o~ a standard configuration, the flank angle of the screw-thread in accordance with the present invention is smaller at the slitted portion than that of a standard screw-thread~ The slit may be formed throughout the periphery of the screw-thread or only in a portion thereof. Alternatively, it may be formed inter-mittently.
In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combination of first and second threaded members wherein the first threaded member has a first spirally formed ~ screw-thread including a root portion, a crest portion and two opposite flanks converging from said root portion to said crest portion at a predetermined fla~k angle, said first screw-thread having a slit formed to extend radially inwardly from the crest portion; and wherein the second threaded mem-ber has a second screw-thread adapted to be engaged with said first screw thread of said first threaded member, said second screw-thread including a root portion, a crest portion and two opposite flanks converging from said root portion to said crest portion at a predetermined flanX angle, characterized in that the flank angle of said first screw-thread in said first threaded member in the area of the slitted portion is smaller than that of said second screw-thread in said second threaded member, so that, when said first and second threaded members are engaged with each other, the slitted portion of said first screw-thread of said first threaded member is re-siliently deformed to decrease the width of said slit.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a partially sectioned side elevational view fragmentarily showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a bolt; Figure 2 is an - ~26~0 enlarged sectional view showing the engagement between the screw-thread of the present invention and a conventional screw-thread; Figure 3 is a sectional view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a nut, and Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing another embodiment of the self-locking screw-threaded part in accordance with the present invention.
BEST MODE OF CA~RYING OUI THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, the bolt 1 shown therein is the one which has been manufactured by cutting for example a wire of a carbon steel into a suitable size and applying a rolling technique thereto so as to provide a spiral screw-thread 2. The screw-thread 2 is of a section of a substantially trapezoidal configuration having opposite flanks 2a converging from~a root portion to a crest portion with a constant flank angle 3, and has a slit 4 -5a-~L2i~
extending radially inwardly from the crest portion. It is preferable from the viewpoint of the strength of the screw-thread 2 that the slit 4 is of such a dimension that the bottom thereof does not get inside or does not reach the position 5 of the outer perlpheral surface of the wire ma-terial before rolling. The bolt 1 is designed so as to be used in combination with a nut having a standard screw~thread 7 as shown by 6 in Figure 2, and has a pitch equal to the pitch of the standard screw-thread with the flank angle 3 smaller than the flank angle 8 of the standard screw-thread 7. Therefore, when the bolt 1 is brought into engagement with the nut 6, the screw-thread 2 of the bolt 1 is resiliently deformed from the position shown by a phantom line 2b in Figure 2 to a position shown by a solid line, whereby the flanks 2a thereof are urged under a strong force against the flanks of the screw-thread 7 of the nut 6 to produce a strong frictional force for resisting the bolt 1 against loosening.
Flgure 3 shows an example in which the present invention is applied to a nut. The nut 11 has a screw-thread 12 having a crest portion formed with a slit 14 extending in radial direction. In this instance too, the flank angle of the screw-thread 12 is smaller than the flank angle of the screw-thread in a bolt which is adapted to be threadably engaged with the nut 11 so that the screw-thread 12 of the nut is resiliently deformed when the bolt is threadably engaged with the nut 11 as in tpe case of the bolt in the previous embodiment.
~z~
Figure 4 show.s another embodiment of the present invention in which the screw-thread 22 is formed with a slit 24 e~tending radially from the crest portion thereof.
In this embodiment, the slit 24 is o~ a depth substantially equal to the height of the screw-thread 22.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICAB:[LIT~
The present invention is applicable not only to bolts, nut and structural screw-threaded parts similar thereto but also to electric connectors or other screw-threaded parts comprising mutually engageable external and internal screw-threads.
:
Claims (3)
1. A combination of first and second threaded members wherein the first threaded member has a first spirally formed screw-thread including a root portion, a crest portion and two opposite flanks converging from said root portion to said crest portion at a predetermined flank angle, said first screw-thread having a slit formed to extend radially inwardly from the crest portion, and wherein the second threaded mem-ber has a second screw-thread adapted to be engaged with said first screw thread of said first threaded member, said second screw-thread including a root portion, a crest portion and two opposite flanks converging from said root portion to said crest portion at a predetermined flank angle, characterized in that the flank angle of said first screw-thread in said first threaded member in the area of the slitted portion is smaller than that of said second screw-thread in said second threaded member, so that, when said first and second threaded members are engaged with each other, the slitted portion of said first screw-thread of said first threaded member is re-siliently deformed to decrease the width of said slit.
2. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first threaded member is a bolt and said second threaded member is a nut.
3. A combination as set forth in claim 1 wherein said threaded member is a nut and said second threaded mem-ber is a bolt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP13152777A JPS5465252A (en) | 1977-11-04 | 1977-11-04 | Lock nut* lock bolt and lock screw |
| JP131527/1977 | 1977-11-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1126060A true CA1126060A (en) | 1982-06-22 |
Family
ID=15060141
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA315,367A Expired CA1126060A (en) | 1977-11-04 | 1978-10-31 | Self-locking screw-threaded part |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5465252A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU529857B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1126060A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2408061A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2036227B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1106649B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7810988A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7905818L (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1979000280A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR900002192B1 (en) * | 1985-11-22 | 1990-04-04 | 닛봉도꾸슈우기자이가부시끼가이샤 | Screw with groove for self-lock and method and rolling flat die for manufacturing the same |
| DE4003892A1 (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-08-14 | Haerle Anton | SELF-LOCKING THREAD |
| US5052156A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1991-10-01 | 501 Fukui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. | Flooring panel system |
| WO1999024191A1 (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 1999-05-20 | Hanstock Fasteners Pty Limited | Improvements relating to screws and threadforms |
| UA66876C2 (en) * | 1998-09-07 | 2004-06-15 | Валлурек Маннесманн Ойл Енд Гес Франс | Threaded joint of two metal pipes with a slot made in the threading |
| JP2003042130A (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2003-02-13 | Taisuke Onuki | Screw member |
| JP2003109711A (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-11 | Maspro Denkoh Corp | Connection terminal of high frequency equipment |
| US6688988B2 (en) | 2002-06-04 | 2004-02-10 | Balax, Inc. | Looking thread cold forming tool |
| CN105485139A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-04-13 | 瑞安市威孚标准件有限公司 | Bolt with self-locking function |
| JP2017219076A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | 株式会社青山製作所 | bolt |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US793824A (en) * | 1904-12-15 | 1905-07-04 | American Iron And Steel Mfg Co Inc | Bolt and nut lock. |
| US3069961A (en) * | 1960-01-04 | 1962-12-25 | Elastic Stop Nut Corp | Screw threaded member |
| US3523565A (en) * | 1968-04-29 | 1970-08-11 | Allied Prod Corp | Self locking male threaded fastener |
| CA954430A (en) * | 1970-04-03 | 1974-09-10 | Dumont Aviation Associates | Self-locking screw |
| US3882917A (en) * | 1970-04-03 | 1975-05-13 | Litton Industrial Products | Self-locking thread |
| US3850215A (en) * | 1971-11-22 | 1974-11-26 | Litton Industrial Products | Self-locking fasteners |
-
1977
- 1977-11-04 JP JP13152777A patent/JPS5465252A/en active Granted
-
1978
- 1978-10-31 CA CA315,367A patent/CA1126060A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-01 GB GB7921140A patent/GB2036227B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-01 WO PCT/JP1978/000017 patent/WO1979000280A1/en unknown
- 1978-11-03 AU AU41317/78A patent/AU529857B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-03 IT IT51762/78A patent/IT1106649B/en active
- 1978-11-03 FR FR7831113A patent/FR2408061A1/en active Pending
- 1978-11-03 NL NL7810988A patent/NL7810988A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1979
- 1979-07-03 SE SE7905818A patent/SE7905818L/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2036227B (en) | 1982-11-03 |
| NL7810988A (en) | 1979-05-08 |
| IT1106649B (en) | 1985-11-11 |
| JPS5619492B2 (en) | 1981-05-08 |
| SE7905818L (en) | 1979-07-03 |
| GB2036227A (en) | 1980-06-25 |
| WO1979000280A1 (en) | 1979-05-31 |
| FR2408061A1 (en) | 1979-06-01 |
| AU529857B2 (en) | 1983-06-23 |
| IT7851762A0 (en) | 1978-11-03 |
| JPS5465252A (en) | 1979-05-25 |
| AU4131778A (en) | 1979-05-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |