CA1123553A - Method of cleaning poultry feathers and the like - Google Patents
Method of cleaning poultry feathers and the likeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1123553A CA1123553A CA291,272A CA291272A CA1123553A CA 1123553 A CA1123553 A CA 1123553A CA 291272 A CA291272 A CA 291272A CA 1123553 A CA1123553 A CA 1123553A
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- Prior art keywords
- washing
- cleaning method
- percent
- weight
- washing liquor
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B68—SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
- B68G—METHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B68G3/00—Treating materials to adapt them specially as upholstery filling
- B68G3/08—Preparation of bed feathers from natural feathers
- B68G3/10—Cleaning or conditioning of bed feathers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L1/00—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods
- D06L1/02—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents
- D06L1/04—Dry-cleaning or washing fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods using organic solvents combined with specific additives
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Disinfection, Sterilisation Or Deodorisation Of Air (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE
A METHOD OF CLEANING POULTRY FEATHERS AND THE LIKE
INVENTOR
Ernst KRUCHEN
ABSTRACT
A method of cleaning poultry material by which the result in poultry feathers are void of any smell is disclosed. This requires the wash of the feather material in one or more washing and finishing cycles in a dissolved or dispersing washing liquor wherein the liquor is characterized by one or more deodorizing disineffecting compositions in at least one of the said washing and finishing cycles. The composition of the feathers leave the shrinkability and the crimp elasticity of the feather material essentially unaffected.
A METHOD OF CLEANING POULTRY FEATHERS AND THE LIKE
INVENTOR
Ernst KRUCHEN
ABSTRACT
A method of cleaning poultry material by which the result in poultry feathers are void of any smell is disclosed. This requires the wash of the feather material in one or more washing and finishing cycles in a dissolved or dispersing washing liquor wherein the liquor is characterized by one or more deodorizing disineffecting compositions in at least one of the said washing and finishing cycles. The composition of the feathers leave the shrinkability and the crimp elasticity of the feather material essentially unaffected.
Description
~3~i5~
Thc prcsent invcntion rclates to a clcaning method for poultry feather material, wherein thc featler material is washcd in onc or more washing and finishing cyclcs, in a dissolving and dispcrging washing liquor and subsequently dried.
I havc earlier disclosed in Canadian Patcnt Application 256,424, filed 6 July, 1976, with the title "method of cleaning poultry feathers and the like" how to - wash feather material in a washing liquor consisting essentailly of halogenated, especially chlorinatcd hydrocarbon~solvents, e.g. trichloroethylene and perchlorethylene, and the thcrcafter dry and furthcr proccss such material. A problem which could heretofore not be solved completcly by such trcatment inv~lves thc problem of the disinEection and of thc rclated ncutralization o~ thc odour of the fcather material. It has bccn found that thc strongly adhering, contaminating particles, such as excrements, dissociated blood and thc likc, arc so intcnse in odour that odours sticking to the material cannot be climinated complctely cvcn if the material is washcd twicc.
Moreover, cleaned and washed feather material shows a great number of germs and bacteria adhering thcrto after a relative short period of USC, which fact involvcs thc dangcr of infection for the user.
Accordingly, this invention is based upon thc object of preparing the washing liquor to have such a co~position that the feather material, if treated in one or more washing cycles, according to the washing and drying operations as earlier disclosed is permanently disinfected and deodorized, such that the material is hygienic and of neutral smell. The thus treated feather material should be sterilc and rctain its germicidal propcrty for a long pcriod 3~
of time, such that re-:infection is prevented from occuring.
For thc solution o~ this object, it is proposed that one or more deodorizing and~or disinfecting compositions are added to the washing liquor in at least one of said washing and finishing cyclcs, which compositions leave the shrinkability and the crimp elasticity of the feather material unaffected.
In the following, some of the possible examples of substances of the abGve indicated type are described. On principle, however, still further agents having the same chemical and cleaning characteristics are available to the expert. In many cases, there would not be used a single agent only; rather, under certain circumstances different agents would be used in the same or in separate washing steps, such as, for instance, a deodorizing agent in the one washing step and a disinfectin~ agent in another washing step, or two compositions of this kind in combination in one washing operation. In particular, such compositions are used which adhere to the surface of the Ecather in an 20 effective concentration after the drying step, such that not only the inherent smell or thc formerly existing bacteria are elinated, but a permanent effect is obained, too.
Particularly for the neutralization of odour, but also to provide a high disinfecting effect, additions in an amount of frorn 0.0005 to 0.05 percent by weight of aldehyds of the general formula R - CH = 0 are useful, wherein R may be the following:
(a) an alkyl radical CnH2n+l (n - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4);
or, (b~ a mono- or di-carboxylic acid radical having from 1 t:o 5 carbon atoms; or, (c) - CH = 0; or, ~Z3~53 (d) a substituted or unsubstituted benzene nucleus.
Of course, in order to facilitate the performance of thc method, it is recommendable to add the ald~hyds directly to the washing liquor. Furthermore, in some instances it may be advisable to spray the feather material with an aldehyde solution during the drying process, in order to remove odours, which would be found afterwards.
Also, it is possible to employ mixtures of adlehydes of this type. The quantity added depends on the type of the aldehydes, and greatly on the degree of contamination of the feather material, Owing to the fact that small quantities of aldehydes are employed, some preliminary tests are indispensible in some cases. It has been found that a slightly sweetish smell remains if an excessive quantity of aldehydes is used.
In particular, an aqueous solution of methanal which is commercially available under the trivial name "formalin"~, has proved to be an inexpensive substance which ~20 may be employed without difficulty. Methanol as such is gaseous. On the contrary, the above mentioned formalin is 1 iqu i d O
However, tests have shown that other substances, sach as proponal, i-butanal, glyoxale, glyoxylic acid or bezaldehyde, may be used too. It is obvious that other :::
homologues of these substances may be employed within the scope of the present invention as well. In these respects, it is surprising what minor quantities, based on the total amount o the washing liquor~ allow to obtain a sufficient effect.
It is also possible to mix conventional cleaning or detergent intensifiers, for instance the Therporan ~
~35i~;~
(manufacturer: Chemische ~'abrik Pfersee) mentione~ in the Examples, with a quantity of methanal.
If value is given to the bactericidal effect of the treatment, deodorizing and/or disinfecting, chloro-substituted phenols being soluble in the washing liquor, are particularly suitable to this end. In such use, the aim does not only reside in obtaining absolute sterility after the cleaning operation; rather, such sterility should be preser~ed even after a long time of use and after several washing steps, so as to be not removed completely. Therefore, advantageously the bactericidal agent or composition provides a long-term effectiveness; that is, such composition should be resistant to washing and adhere to the feather material in adequate concentration. A conventional bactericidal composition having the chemical designation 2,~,4'-trichloro-2'hydroxy-diphenyl ether (Irgasan-DP 300~; manufacturer: Ciba-Geigy, Basel) has proved to be particularly advantageous for the solution of this object. It is cspecially this last mentioned bactericidial composit:ion that is cmployed in a rinsing step after the feather material has already been subjected to a first and a second washing operation. In the final rinsing step, the rinsing liquid, e.g. water, is mixed with from 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight of the last mentioned composition, and the feather material is flushed therein for a sufficient period of time, at a temperature of from 55 to 65C.
Subsequently, the feather material may be dried.
In order to avoid shrinking of the feather material by the thermal shock of the drying step, the feather material may be dried at a temperature of less than 100C. A stem heating jacket drier is advantageous to this end, with the drying ~team introduced into the drier having a temperature of from 105 to 115C while the temperature of the drier per se .. ~
~35~3 remains below 100C.
According to the present invention, for the cleaning and prctreatment of raw feather material from European countries and from China, a cleaning method by the inventor herein according to Canadian Patent #1,0~9,160 issued 11 November 1980; entitled, "Method of Clcaning Poultry Feathers and the Like", is applied wherein the washing liquor is either nonaqueous or not purely aqueous in natureO This method is different from the prior mode of operation in that (a) halogenated, especially chlorinated solvents are employed as degreasing and cleaning agents;
lb) the disinfection process which in prior processes has been perfomed within the drier exclusively, is already effected during the washing step with the aid of highly effective germicidal compositions;
and, (c) the frying step is performed at a lower temperature which does not affect the feclther material.
The temperature within the dri~r - as measured in the ``~0 most unfavourable positions - is substantially lower than the temperature o 90C required in the purely aqueous cleanin~
methods and being necessary for disinfection. Owing to the fact that the employment of deodorizing and/or disinfecting compositions in combination with washing liquor temeratures of about 60C results in extinction and removal of the contaminating particles and germs adhering to the feathers, the disinfection by heat at a temperature of above 90C may be dispensed with.
Examinations have shown that the number of bacteria in feather material treate~ in accordance with the outlined method is substantially lower than in feather material treated in accordance with the conventional method. Samples taken on ,, ~ s~
the day of examination from one batch each which have bcen clcaned in accordance with the conventional and novel treating methods, respectively, were examined for their content of bacteria at the Official Veterinary Examination Office of Munster West Germany, these examinations showed that bacteria could be isolated in the case of feather material cleaned in accordance with the conventional method, whereas no bacteria capable of propagation could be found in the feather material cleaned in accordance with the novel method.
By using the disinfectant immediately before the drying step, it is obtained that the feather material has disinfecting substance adhereing therto even after the drying process, which fact has likewise been ascertained at the abovementioned Examiation Office of Munster. In the so-called inhibitor test using "Bacillus subtilis", a microbiocidal effectiveness could be ascertained for the feather material.
From the standpoint of hygicnics, no objections exist toward the use of the above-outlined cleaning method employiny chlorinated hydrocarbons, especially perchloroethylene, with -20 the subsequent use of a highLy effective disinfectant for the extinction of bacteria.
of course, it is possible to carry out an after-treatment with steam of elevated temperature, if either complete removal of the perchloroethylene prior to the drying step is ensured, or if the drying operation proceeds so slowly that the instantaneous evaporation of the perchloroethylene does not bring about thermal shock.
According to the present method, it is not only possible to alean and use such feather material which could heretofore not be treated because of the danger of epidemic and a high degree of contamination; rather, the improved disinfection in combination with the long-term protection provides a substantial hygenic advance which must be considered to be 3~ i3 s upr i s i nq .
With respect to further details of the method and of a system suitable to carry out such method, referellce is made to the aforesaid Canadian Patent # 1,089,160.
The following Examples are contemplated to explain embodiments of the invention. In this connection, reference is made to the fact that the water content of the washing liquors are chlorinated hydrocarbons (solvents), such as perchlorethylene or tetrachloroethylene, as are customary in the cleaning art. Drying of the feather material is effected in an air flow. A temperature of 80C has been found to be the optmum with respect to the adhesion of the methanal in the drying step.
Example 1 30 kg of raw goose feather are charged into a three compartment drum-type washing machine specifically designed to meet the operative re~uirements, said machine having a loading capacity of 100 kg based on textile material. The washing process is performed in three washing steps or cycles.
Initally, the feaher material is washed in 300 liters of per-chloroethylene without any additives for fiv~ minutes, and subjected to centrifuyation for two minutes. The contaminated perchloroethylene is purified by distallation; the residues of high grease content which are sterilized in the course of the distillation by heat action, should be conveyed to a disposal plant.
Thereafter, the feather material is introduced into the second washing compartment. Here, this material is washed with a mixture of 300 liters of perchloroethylen and 200 grams of a cleaning intensifier (Therporan OP~; manufacturer:
Cemische Fabrik Pfersee)~ Further, a mixture of 5 liters of ~ ;23~i5~
water and 0.1 liter of formalin (40 percent by weight solution of methanal in water) is added to the washing liquor. ~fter a washing period of 3 minutes with continuous stirring and agitation of the washing liquor and heating the latter to 50C, the liquid is pumped off, and the feather material is subjected to centrifugation (two minutes). This is followed by the third washing step for rinsing or flushing the reather material with 600 liters of freshly distilled perchloroethylene; this taking six minutes. Subsequently, the feather material is celltrifuged. The feather material is discharged and dried in a drying drum at a temperature of 80C
for 30 minutes.
Result: Smell not fully neutral; slightly sweetish.
Example 2 In a drum-type washing machine as used in Example 1, 32 kg o greatly contaminated duck f~ather are subjected to the same cleaning operation as according to Example 1, in three washin steps or cycles.
llowever, 0.01 liters of formalin were added in the second washing step.
The feather material was rinsed, centrifuged and dried in the manner as explained in Example 1.
Result: Smell of the feather material neutral, pleasant.
Example 3 The material consisted of 25 kg of chicken feather. This material is washed in three washing steps or cycles, with washing steps 1 and 3 corresponding to those of Example 1.
The second washing step is performed with 300 liters of tetrachloroethylene, a mixture of 6~1iters of water having dissolved therein 200 grams of cleaning intensifier and 0.02 -~ ~Lt23~
liters of formalin. Subsequently, the feather material is centrifuged and dried in the manner as explained in Example 1.
Result: Smell nelltral, pleasant.
Example 4 Material: 12 kg of duck feather, highly contaminated.
Pre-washing and washing steps as in Example 1. In the place ~
of the formalin, to the washing liquor is added a mixture of 5 liters of water and 20 grams of propanal.
Result: Smell almost neutral; weakly ammoniacal.
Example 5 Same as Example 4; 20 grams of i-butanal are added in the place of propanal.
Result samc as in Example 4.
Example 6 Same a Example 4; 50 grams of glyoxal are added instcad of the propanal.
'~0 Rcsult: Smell slightly sweetish.
Example 7 ~ Same as Example 5; 40 grams of glyoxylic acid are added in the place of propanal.
Results: Smell neutral.
~ ' :
Example _ Same as Example 4; 25 grams of benzaldehyde are added in the place of propanal.
Result: Feather material smells slightly sweetish, ammoniacal.
It is evident from the Examples and from the above , ~,, :~23Si53~
results that admixing of the washing liquor with small amounts of aldehydes, especially methanal (in the form of formalin) yields a high odour neutralizing effect. In addition, however, a bactericida:L effect can be observed, too.
Example 9 25 kg of chicken feather, considerably contaminated, are washed. At first, a pre-washing step (first washing cycle) with perchloroethylene is performed in the manner as in Example 1. Thereupon, the feather material is centrifuged.
Then, the degreased feather material is again washed in a second washing cycle with a mixture of 300 liters of water with 200 grams of Therporan CP~ as a cleaning intensifler, at a temperature of about 60C and for a period of five minutes.
After the termination of this washing cycle, the liquor is discharged and the feather material is subjected to centrifugation (2.5 minutes).
In a third washin~3 cycle (rinsing cycle) of a duration of about 6 minutes, the feather material is rinsed in water of 20 60C. The water has added thereto 0.02 percent by weight of
Thc prcsent invcntion rclates to a clcaning method for poultry feather material, wherein thc featler material is washcd in onc or more washing and finishing cyclcs, in a dissolving and dispcrging washing liquor and subsequently dried.
I havc earlier disclosed in Canadian Patcnt Application 256,424, filed 6 July, 1976, with the title "method of cleaning poultry feathers and the like" how to - wash feather material in a washing liquor consisting essentailly of halogenated, especially chlorinatcd hydrocarbon~solvents, e.g. trichloroethylene and perchlorethylene, and the thcrcafter dry and furthcr proccss such material. A problem which could heretofore not be solved completcly by such trcatment inv~lves thc problem of the disinEection and of thc rclated ncutralization o~ thc odour of the fcather material. It has bccn found that thc strongly adhering, contaminating particles, such as excrements, dissociated blood and thc likc, arc so intcnse in odour that odours sticking to the material cannot be climinated complctely cvcn if the material is washcd twicc.
Moreover, cleaned and washed feather material shows a great number of germs and bacteria adhering thcrto after a relative short period of USC, which fact involvcs thc dangcr of infection for the user.
Accordingly, this invention is based upon thc object of preparing the washing liquor to have such a co~position that the feather material, if treated in one or more washing cycles, according to the washing and drying operations as earlier disclosed is permanently disinfected and deodorized, such that the material is hygienic and of neutral smell. The thus treated feather material should be sterilc and rctain its germicidal propcrty for a long pcriod 3~
of time, such that re-:infection is prevented from occuring.
For thc solution o~ this object, it is proposed that one or more deodorizing and~or disinfecting compositions are added to the washing liquor in at least one of said washing and finishing cyclcs, which compositions leave the shrinkability and the crimp elasticity of the feather material unaffected.
In the following, some of the possible examples of substances of the abGve indicated type are described. On principle, however, still further agents having the same chemical and cleaning characteristics are available to the expert. In many cases, there would not be used a single agent only; rather, under certain circumstances different agents would be used in the same or in separate washing steps, such as, for instance, a deodorizing agent in the one washing step and a disinfectin~ agent in another washing step, or two compositions of this kind in combination in one washing operation. In particular, such compositions are used which adhere to the surface of the Ecather in an 20 effective concentration after the drying step, such that not only the inherent smell or thc formerly existing bacteria are elinated, but a permanent effect is obained, too.
Particularly for the neutralization of odour, but also to provide a high disinfecting effect, additions in an amount of frorn 0.0005 to 0.05 percent by weight of aldehyds of the general formula R - CH = 0 are useful, wherein R may be the following:
(a) an alkyl radical CnH2n+l (n - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4);
or, (b~ a mono- or di-carboxylic acid radical having from 1 t:o 5 carbon atoms; or, (c) - CH = 0; or, ~Z3~53 (d) a substituted or unsubstituted benzene nucleus.
Of course, in order to facilitate the performance of thc method, it is recommendable to add the ald~hyds directly to the washing liquor. Furthermore, in some instances it may be advisable to spray the feather material with an aldehyde solution during the drying process, in order to remove odours, which would be found afterwards.
Also, it is possible to employ mixtures of adlehydes of this type. The quantity added depends on the type of the aldehydes, and greatly on the degree of contamination of the feather material, Owing to the fact that small quantities of aldehydes are employed, some preliminary tests are indispensible in some cases. It has been found that a slightly sweetish smell remains if an excessive quantity of aldehydes is used.
In particular, an aqueous solution of methanal which is commercially available under the trivial name "formalin"~, has proved to be an inexpensive substance which ~20 may be employed without difficulty. Methanol as such is gaseous. On the contrary, the above mentioned formalin is 1 iqu i d O
However, tests have shown that other substances, sach as proponal, i-butanal, glyoxale, glyoxylic acid or bezaldehyde, may be used too. It is obvious that other :::
homologues of these substances may be employed within the scope of the present invention as well. In these respects, it is surprising what minor quantities, based on the total amount o the washing liquor~ allow to obtain a sufficient effect.
It is also possible to mix conventional cleaning or detergent intensifiers, for instance the Therporan ~
~35i~;~
(manufacturer: Chemische ~'abrik Pfersee) mentione~ in the Examples, with a quantity of methanal.
If value is given to the bactericidal effect of the treatment, deodorizing and/or disinfecting, chloro-substituted phenols being soluble in the washing liquor, are particularly suitable to this end. In such use, the aim does not only reside in obtaining absolute sterility after the cleaning operation; rather, such sterility should be preser~ed even after a long time of use and after several washing steps, so as to be not removed completely. Therefore, advantageously the bactericidal agent or composition provides a long-term effectiveness; that is, such composition should be resistant to washing and adhere to the feather material in adequate concentration. A conventional bactericidal composition having the chemical designation 2,~,4'-trichloro-2'hydroxy-diphenyl ether (Irgasan-DP 300~; manufacturer: Ciba-Geigy, Basel) has proved to be particularly advantageous for the solution of this object. It is cspecially this last mentioned bactericidial composit:ion that is cmployed in a rinsing step after the feather material has already been subjected to a first and a second washing operation. In the final rinsing step, the rinsing liquid, e.g. water, is mixed with from 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight of the last mentioned composition, and the feather material is flushed therein for a sufficient period of time, at a temperature of from 55 to 65C.
Subsequently, the feather material may be dried.
In order to avoid shrinking of the feather material by the thermal shock of the drying step, the feather material may be dried at a temperature of less than 100C. A stem heating jacket drier is advantageous to this end, with the drying ~team introduced into the drier having a temperature of from 105 to 115C while the temperature of the drier per se .. ~
~35~3 remains below 100C.
According to the present invention, for the cleaning and prctreatment of raw feather material from European countries and from China, a cleaning method by the inventor herein according to Canadian Patent #1,0~9,160 issued 11 November 1980; entitled, "Method of Clcaning Poultry Feathers and the Like", is applied wherein the washing liquor is either nonaqueous or not purely aqueous in natureO This method is different from the prior mode of operation in that (a) halogenated, especially chlorinated solvents are employed as degreasing and cleaning agents;
lb) the disinfection process which in prior processes has been perfomed within the drier exclusively, is already effected during the washing step with the aid of highly effective germicidal compositions;
and, (c) the frying step is performed at a lower temperature which does not affect the feclther material.
The temperature within the dri~r - as measured in the ``~0 most unfavourable positions - is substantially lower than the temperature o 90C required in the purely aqueous cleanin~
methods and being necessary for disinfection. Owing to the fact that the employment of deodorizing and/or disinfecting compositions in combination with washing liquor temeratures of about 60C results in extinction and removal of the contaminating particles and germs adhering to the feathers, the disinfection by heat at a temperature of above 90C may be dispensed with.
Examinations have shown that the number of bacteria in feather material treate~ in accordance with the outlined method is substantially lower than in feather material treated in accordance with the conventional method. Samples taken on ,, ~ s~
the day of examination from one batch each which have bcen clcaned in accordance with the conventional and novel treating methods, respectively, were examined for their content of bacteria at the Official Veterinary Examination Office of Munster West Germany, these examinations showed that bacteria could be isolated in the case of feather material cleaned in accordance with the conventional method, whereas no bacteria capable of propagation could be found in the feather material cleaned in accordance with the novel method.
By using the disinfectant immediately before the drying step, it is obtained that the feather material has disinfecting substance adhereing therto even after the drying process, which fact has likewise been ascertained at the abovementioned Examiation Office of Munster. In the so-called inhibitor test using "Bacillus subtilis", a microbiocidal effectiveness could be ascertained for the feather material.
From the standpoint of hygicnics, no objections exist toward the use of the above-outlined cleaning method employiny chlorinated hydrocarbons, especially perchloroethylene, with -20 the subsequent use of a highLy effective disinfectant for the extinction of bacteria.
of course, it is possible to carry out an after-treatment with steam of elevated temperature, if either complete removal of the perchloroethylene prior to the drying step is ensured, or if the drying operation proceeds so slowly that the instantaneous evaporation of the perchloroethylene does not bring about thermal shock.
According to the present method, it is not only possible to alean and use such feather material which could heretofore not be treated because of the danger of epidemic and a high degree of contamination; rather, the improved disinfection in combination with the long-term protection provides a substantial hygenic advance which must be considered to be 3~ i3 s upr i s i nq .
With respect to further details of the method and of a system suitable to carry out such method, referellce is made to the aforesaid Canadian Patent # 1,089,160.
The following Examples are contemplated to explain embodiments of the invention. In this connection, reference is made to the fact that the water content of the washing liquors are chlorinated hydrocarbons (solvents), such as perchlorethylene or tetrachloroethylene, as are customary in the cleaning art. Drying of the feather material is effected in an air flow. A temperature of 80C has been found to be the optmum with respect to the adhesion of the methanal in the drying step.
Example 1 30 kg of raw goose feather are charged into a three compartment drum-type washing machine specifically designed to meet the operative re~uirements, said machine having a loading capacity of 100 kg based on textile material. The washing process is performed in three washing steps or cycles.
Initally, the feaher material is washed in 300 liters of per-chloroethylene without any additives for fiv~ minutes, and subjected to centrifuyation for two minutes. The contaminated perchloroethylene is purified by distallation; the residues of high grease content which are sterilized in the course of the distillation by heat action, should be conveyed to a disposal plant.
Thereafter, the feather material is introduced into the second washing compartment. Here, this material is washed with a mixture of 300 liters of perchloroethylen and 200 grams of a cleaning intensifier (Therporan OP~; manufacturer:
Cemische Fabrik Pfersee)~ Further, a mixture of 5 liters of ~ ;23~i5~
water and 0.1 liter of formalin (40 percent by weight solution of methanal in water) is added to the washing liquor. ~fter a washing period of 3 minutes with continuous stirring and agitation of the washing liquor and heating the latter to 50C, the liquid is pumped off, and the feather material is subjected to centrifugation (two minutes). This is followed by the third washing step for rinsing or flushing the reather material with 600 liters of freshly distilled perchloroethylene; this taking six minutes. Subsequently, the feather material is celltrifuged. The feather material is discharged and dried in a drying drum at a temperature of 80C
for 30 minutes.
Result: Smell not fully neutral; slightly sweetish.
Example 2 In a drum-type washing machine as used in Example 1, 32 kg o greatly contaminated duck f~ather are subjected to the same cleaning operation as according to Example 1, in three washin steps or cycles.
llowever, 0.01 liters of formalin were added in the second washing step.
The feather material was rinsed, centrifuged and dried in the manner as explained in Example 1.
Result: Smell of the feather material neutral, pleasant.
Example 3 The material consisted of 25 kg of chicken feather. This material is washed in three washing steps or cycles, with washing steps 1 and 3 corresponding to those of Example 1.
The second washing step is performed with 300 liters of tetrachloroethylene, a mixture of 6~1iters of water having dissolved therein 200 grams of cleaning intensifier and 0.02 -~ ~Lt23~
liters of formalin. Subsequently, the feather material is centrifuged and dried in the manner as explained in Example 1.
Result: Smell nelltral, pleasant.
Example 4 Material: 12 kg of duck feather, highly contaminated.
Pre-washing and washing steps as in Example 1. In the place ~
of the formalin, to the washing liquor is added a mixture of 5 liters of water and 20 grams of propanal.
Result: Smell almost neutral; weakly ammoniacal.
Example 5 Same as Example 4; 20 grams of i-butanal are added in the place of propanal.
Result samc as in Example 4.
Example 6 Same a Example 4; 50 grams of glyoxal are added instcad of the propanal.
'~0 Rcsult: Smell slightly sweetish.
Example 7 ~ Same as Example 5; 40 grams of glyoxylic acid are added in the place of propanal.
Results: Smell neutral.
~ ' :
Example _ Same as Example 4; 25 grams of benzaldehyde are added in the place of propanal.
Result: Feather material smells slightly sweetish, ammoniacal.
It is evident from the Examples and from the above , ~,, :~23Si53~
results that admixing of the washing liquor with small amounts of aldehydes, especially methanal (in the form of formalin) yields a high odour neutralizing effect. In addition, however, a bactericida:L effect can be observed, too.
Example 9 25 kg of chicken feather, considerably contaminated, are washed. At first, a pre-washing step (first washing cycle) with perchloroethylene is performed in the manner as in Example 1. Thereupon, the feather material is centrifuged.
Then, the degreased feather material is again washed in a second washing cycle with a mixture of 300 liters of water with 200 grams of Therporan CP~ as a cleaning intensifler, at a temperature of about 60C and for a period of five minutes.
After the termination of this washing cycle, the liquor is discharged and the feather material is subjected to centrifugation (2.5 minutes).
In a third washin~3 cycle (rinsing cycle) of a duration of about 6 minutes, the feather material is rinsed in water of 20 60C. The water has added thereto 0.02 percent by weight of
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether ("Irgasan").
At the end of the washing operation, the liquor is discharged, and the feather material is preliniarily dried until th~e adhesion between the feathers is eliminated.
,.
Thereupon, the feather material is blown through a closed ; suction conduit into a stem heating jacket drier thc heating jacket of which ls heated by drying steam of a temperature of from 105 to 115C. The steam pressure within the heating iacket is 1,4 bars (atmospheres). The temperature existing ln the interlor of the drier is substantially less than 90C.
Vpon finishing the drying operation, the fea~her material is of netural smell and disinfected, such that it may be used . . . ~
::L2~ i3 for any desired purpos~.
Example 10 25 kg of duck feather are washed. Initially, a pre-washing cycle (first washing cycle) is performed with subsequent centrifuging, same as in Example 1. Thereafter, i~
the second washing cycle the washing liquor of 300 liters of water is mixed with 200 grams of Therporan OP as a cleaning intensifying agent as well as with 5 grams of formalin having a methanal content of 40 percent by weight, and the feather material is washed for a period of 5.5 minutes at a temperature of about 60C. Following this washing cycle, the feather material is centrifuged.
In the third washing cycle (rinsing cycle), the material is rinsed with pure perchloroethylene to which 0.025 percent by weight of "Irgasan" have been added.
Accordin~ly, a combination of aldehydes and chlorinated phenols has been used in the last Example. It is found that both substances add to each other to provide a feather quality -20 being faultless in every respect.
~.
- 12 - ~
At the end of the washing operation, the liquor is discharged, and the feather material is preliniarily dried until th~e adhesion between the feathers is eliminated.
,.
Thereupon, the feather material is blown through a closed ; suction conduit into a stem heating jacket drier thc heating jacket of which ls heated by drying steam of a temperature of from 105 to 115C. The steam pressure within the heating iacket is 1,4 bars (atmospheres). The temperature existing ln the interlor of the drier is substantially less than 90C.
Vpon finishing the drying operation, the fea~her material is of netural smell and disinfected, such that it may be used . . . ~
::L2~ i3 for any desired purpos~.
Example 10 25 kg of duck feather are washed. Initially, a pre-washing cycle (first washing cycle) is performed with subsequent centrifuging, same as in Example 1. Thereafter, i~
the second washing cycle the washing liquor of 300 liters of water is mixed with 200 grams of Therporan OP as a cleaning intensifying agent as well as with 5 grams of formalin having a methanal content of 40 percent by weight, and the feather material is washed for a period of 5.5 minutes at a temperature of about 60C. Following this washing cycle, the feather material is centrifuged.
In the third washing cycle (rinsing cycle), the material is rinsed with pure perchloroethylene to which 0.025 percent by weight of "Irgasan" have been added.
Accordin~ly, a combination of aldehydes and chlorinated phenols has been used in the last Example. It is found that both substances add to each other to provide a feather quality -20 being faultless in every respect.
~.
- 12 - ~
Claims (17)
1. A cleaning method for poultry feather material, wherein the feather material is washed in one or more washing and finishing cycles, in a dissolving and dispersing washing liquor and subsequently dried, characterized in that one or more deodorizing and/or disinfecting compositions are added to the washing liquor in at least one of said washing and finishing cycles, which compositions leave the shrinkability and the crimp elasticity of the feather material unaffected.
2. The cleaning method according to claim 1, including selecting the deodorizing and/or disinfecting composition with properties that it adheres, in an effective concentration, to the surface of the feather material after the drying step.
3. The cleaning method according to claim 1 characterized in that the washing liquor is added from 0.0005 to 0.05 percent by weight of aldehydes having the general formula R - Ch =0, in which R may be (a) an alkyl radical CnH2n + 1 (n= 0,1,2,3,4); or (b) a mono- or di-carboxylic acid radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or (c) -CH = 0; or (d) a substituted or snsubstituted benzene nucleus.
. .
TEXTNAME: Sch-116-14-1 (R)P: (claim) 02
. .
TEXTNAME: Sch-116-14-1 (R)P: (claim) 02
4. The cleaning method according to claim 2 characterized in that the washing liquor is added from 0.0005 to 0.05 percent by weight of aldehydes having the general formula R - Ch =0, in which R may be (a) an alkyl radical CnH2n + 1 (n= 0,1,2,3,4); or (b) a mono- or di-carboxylic acid radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or (c) -CH = 0; or (d) a substituted or unsubstituted benzene nucleus.
5. The cleaning method according to claim 3 or 4 characterized in that the washing liquor is mixed from 0.001 to 0.05 percent by weight of a 40 percent by weight aqueous solution of methanal (formalin).
6. The cleaning method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the washing liquor is mixed with from 0.001 to 0.05 percent by weight of propanal.
7. The cleaning method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that from 0.002 to 0.07 percent by weight of i-butanal are added to the washing liquor.
8. The cleaning method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that from 0.001 to 0.05 percent by weight of glyoxal are added to the washing liquor.
9. The cleaning method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that from 0.002 to 0.1 percent by weight of glyoxylic acid are added to the washing liquor.
TEXTNAME- Sch-116-14-1 (R)P: (claim) 03
TEXTNAME- Sch-116-14-1 (R)P: (claim) 03
10. The cleaning method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that from 0.005 to 0.05 percent by weight of benzaldehyde are added tothe washing liquor.
11. The cleaning method according to claim 1, characterized in that from 0.001 to 0.05 percent by weight of deodorizing ly and/or disinfectively active chloro-substituted phenols being soluble in the washing liquor, are added to the washing liquor.
12. The cleaning method according to claim 11, characterized in that the washing liquor, has added thereto 2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether in a concentration of from 0.01 to 0.05 percent by weight.
13. The cleaning method according to claim 12, characterized in that the raw feather material is washed and degreased in a first washing cycle with an anhydrous, carbon chloride containing cleaning agent (detergent), that the degreased feather material is washed again in a second washing cycle with water mixed with tensides (surfactants) at a washing temperature of from 50 to 80°C; that the feather material is thereafter treated, in a rinsing and finishing cycle, in a rinsing liquid, at a temperature of from 55 to 65°C, with from 0.01 to 0.03 percent by weight of 2,4,4' -tri bhloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether being dissolved in the rinsing liquid; and that the feather material, finally, is preliminarily dried until the adhesion between the feathers is eliminated, and then blown into a drying drum by an air stream, to be dried in said drying drum.
TEXTNAME: Sch-116-14-1 (R)P: (claim) 04
TEXTNAME: Sch-116-14-1 (R)P: (claim) 04
14. The method as claimed in claim 13 where pe?chloro ethylene is the cleaning agent.
15. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein the rinsing the liquid is water.
16. The cleaning method according to claim 13, 14 or 15 in that the final drying cycle is performed in a steam heating jacket drier at a temperature of from 105 to 115°C
of the drying steam blown into the heating jacket, with the temperature existing in the drying chamber.
of the drying steam blown into the heating jacket, with the temperature existing in the drying chamber.
17. The cleaning method according to claim 13, 14 or 15 in that the final drying cycle is performed in a steam heating jacket drier at a temperature of from 105 to 115°C
of the drying steam blown into the heating jacket, with the temperature existing in the drying chamber maintained at below 100°C.
of the drying steam blown into the heating jacket, with the temperature existing in the drying chamber maintained at below 100°C.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP2733389.7V. | 1977-07-23 | ||
| DE19772733389 DE2733389C2 (en) | 1977-07-23 | 1977-07-23 | Cleaning method for poultry feathers |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1123553A true CA1123553A (en) | 1982-05-18 |
Family
ID=6014713
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA291,272A Expired CA1123553A (en) | 1977-07-23 | 1977-11-16 | Method of cleaning poultry feathers and the like |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5423712A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1123553A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2733389C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104179023B (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-04-27 | 江苏欣隆羽绒有限公司 | A kind of processing technology of tranquilizing and allaying excitement eider down |
| JP7312238B2 (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-07-20 | 東洋羽毛工業株式会社 | Feather odor reduction method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL272389A (en) * | 1960-12-23 | |||
| CH452794A (en) * | 1964-08-18 | 1968-03-15 | Boehme Chemie Gmbh | Process for disinfecting textiles |
-
1977
- 1977-07-23 DE DE19772733389 patent/DE2733389C2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-16 CA CA291,272A patent/CA1123553A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-02-28 JP JP2167978A patent/JPS5423712A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2733389A1 (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| JPS5423712A (en) | 1979-02-22 |
| DE2733389C2 (en) | 1986-12-04 |
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