CA1121623A - Resin reinforced expansion anchor and method of installation - Google Patents
Resin reinforced expansion anchor and method of installationInfo
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- CA1121623A CA1121623A CA000320425A CA320425A CA1121623A CA 1121623 A CA1121623 A CA 1121623A CA 000320425 A CA000320425 A CA 000320425A CA 320425 A CA320425 A CA 320425A CA 1121623 A CA1121623 A CA 1121623A
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- anchor
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Abstract
APPLICATION OF: Carl A. Clark and JOHN ROGALA
FOR RESIN REINFORCED EXPANSION ANCHOR AND METHOD OF
INSTALLATION .
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A mine roof bolt end expansion anchor are provided with mean preventing relative rotation of the two in a direction, tending to withdraw the bolt from the tapered nut of the anchor while allowing relative rotation in the opposite direction, whereby the bolt may be rotationally advanced into the nut as the anchor remains rotationally stationary to effect expansion of the anchor shell within a drill hole. A conventional, two-compartment resin cartridge is inserted into the drill hole ahead of the end of the bolt carrying the anchor. The cartridge is ruptured and the contents thereof mixed by advance of the bolt and anchor while rotating in the direction preventing relative rotation. Immedi-ately thereafter the bolt 18 rotated in the opposite direction, thereby expanding the anchor and fimly securing it in the hole.
The bolt may then be immediately loaded without regard to the setting time of the resin. Three embodiments are disclosed of the means providing the aforementioned relative rotational action.
In one embodiment stop means are associated with the tapered nut for engagement by a pin extending from the threaded end of the bolt only when the latter is rotated in the direction tending to withdraw it from the nut. In a second, the stop means are associated with the base of the expansion shell and are engaged by radially extending ears on the bolt. In the third embodiment, the expansion shell is conventional in all respects and A separate collar member is carried upon the bolt shaft for engaging portions of the shell and providing the desired rotational relationships of bolt and anchor.
FOR RESIN REINFORCED EXPANSION ANCHOR AND METHOD OF
INSTALLATION .
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A mine roof bolt end expansion anchor are provided with mean preventing relative rotation of the two in a direction, tending to withdraw the bolt from the tapered nut of the anchor while allowing relative rotation in the opposite direction, whereby the bolt may be rotationally advanced into the nut as the anchor remains rotationally stationary to effect expansion of the anchor shell within a drill hole. A conventional, two-compartment resin cartridge is inserted into the drill hole ahead of the end of the bolt carrying the anchor. The cartridge is ruptured and the contents thereof mixed by advance of the bolt and anchor while rotating in the direction preventing relative rotation. Immedi-ately thereafter the bolt 18 rotated in the opposite direction, thereby expanding the anchor and fimly securing it in the hole.
The bolt may then be immediately loaded without regard to the setting time of the resin. Three embodiments are disclosed of the means providing the aforementioned relative rotational action.
In one embodiment stop means are associated with the tapered nut for engagement by a pin extending from the threaded end of the bolt only when the latter is rotated in the direction tending to withdraw it from the nut. In a second, the stop means are associated with the base of the expansion shell and are engaged by radially extending ears on the bolt. In the third embodiment, the expansion shell is conventional in all respects and A separate collar member is carried upon the bolt shaft for engaging portions of the shell and providing the desired rotational relationships of bolt and anchor.
Description
BACKGROUND OF ~HE INVENTION
-- ~ --The present invention relates to rock reinforcing apparatus and metllods and, more spec~flcally, to a combined mechanical-resin rock bolt anchorlng system such as typically used in the support o~ mine roofs, and the like.
In mlne work, such as coal mining, or in underground ~ormations such as tunnels or excavations, it is often nece~sary to reinforce or support the roof and/or walls of the excavating to prevent rock ~alls or cave-ins, The most common means presently in use for e~fecting such support include elongated bolts or bars which are inserted in blind drill holes to hold a metal support plate in close engagement with the roof or wall surface. The bolt or bar is securely fixed in the hole by anchoring means such as a mechanical expansion anchor, a hardenable resin which surrounds the end of the bolt within the hole, or both.
Many variations of the basic mine roof expansion anchor have been proposed and numerous styles and models are currently - in wide-spread use. Common attributes of such anchors are the expansion shell, or other such radially expansible members, and a tapered nut having a threaded opening into which one end of the rock bolt may be threadedly advanced. As the bolt is rotated with the shell and nut constrained against rotation, the nut is gradually drawn into the shell to cause radial expansion thereof into tightly engaged contact with the wall of the drill hole.
Resin anchoring is also commonly used to fixedly secure the rock bolt or bar in the drill hole. The use of ' ' ' . , .
.~ ' - .
polyester resins in underground formation was disclosed at least as early as the June 4, 1963, U.S. Patent No. 3,091,935 of ~rown and Pritchard entitled "Rock Treatment". It has been found expedient to provide the resin grouting materials in two components each of which remains in a semi-liquid or thixotropic phase until mixed with the other, whereupon curing progresses to the stage that the steel bolt or bar will fail before the resin bond fails. The two components, a polyester resin~and a catalyst, curing or hardening agent, are commonly provided in a single cartridge where~n they are a single cart-ridge wherein they are physically separated in individual com-partments, such as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No.
3,324,663. Upon insertion of the resin cartridge and-bolt in-to the drill hole the rock bolt or reinforcing bar itself, or other suitable means, is used to rupture the resin cartridge and mix the two components so that the curing and hardening necessary to retain the bolt in the hole may take place.
In addition to the many varieties of mechanical anchors and resin grouting systems used individually, it has also been proposed to combine the two so that a rock bolt or reinforcing bar may be secured by both anchoring systems.
Such a dual anchoring system is disclosed, for example, in Montgomery Patent No.3,618,326 wherein a conventional expansion anchor is used in combination with a novel two-compartment resin cartridge. Patent No. 3,702,060 likewise discloses a conventional expansion anchor threaded on the end of rock bolt and modified to carry a special resin container. Other U.S.
patents, such as Nos. 2,829,50~ of Demsey, 3,188,815 of Schuer-mann, et al, and aforementionèd 3j324,663 of McLean, disclose mab/ C~.
the combination of expansible shell mechanical-type anchors with resin grouting systems.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The roof bolting systems of the prior art whieh com-bine meehanieal and resin anehoring depend, for the most part, upon speeial paekaging of the resin materials which are re-leased and mixed by threaded advancement of the bolt into the expansion anehor or by means external to the drill hole. Where the bolt is threaded into the expansion anehor nut as mixing takes plaee, the mixture may be incomplete when the bolt reaehes the limit of its travel. Considerable savings in fabrieation and installation eosts eould be achieved by using conventional resin paekages in combination wIth expansion anchors and bolts whieh are structurally modified, but not significantly more expensive than, presently existing anchors and whieh përmit immediate loading after a simple and rapid i~nstallation.
Accordingly, it is a principal objeet of the plesent invention to provide a combined mechanieal-resin roek bolting system wherein a eonventional resin package is used and in-stallation allowing full loading immediately after setting the mechanieal anchor is rapidly effeeted.
A further object is to provide a rock bolt and ex-pansion anchor assembly having eoopera~ive structure on the bolt and anehor whieh enhanees use of the assembly in eom-bination with a frangible resin eartridge.
Another object is to provide a novel mine roof ex-pansion anchor having structural attributes which promote its use in improved anchorage systems~
A still further objeet is to provide a novel method mab/ ~
. . .
112~iZ3 of installing in a drill hole a combined mechanical-resin type bolt anchoring system.
Still anothex object is to provide novel structure for use with a mine roof bolt and expansion anchor assembly in order to control in a desired manner the relative rotatability of the bolt and anchor.
Other objects will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the foregoing objects, the inven-tion contemplates the use of a conventional resin cartridge with a rock bolt and expansion anchor which, although other-wise conventional, include cooperative structure affecting their relative rotatability. That is, the anchor may be held stationary in the usual manner as the bolt is rotated in the direction of threaded advancement ~nto the tapered nut of the anchor, thereby radially expanding the anchor shell as the nut is moved axially thereinto. However, once the anchor nut has been threaded onto the bolt to a predetermined extent, the cooperative structure formed integrally with and/or carried upon the bolt and/or anchor prevents relative rotation of the two in a direction tending to unthread or withdraw the bolt from the nut. Thus~, as the bolt is counter-rotated the anchor rotates therewith as a single unit and the bolt and nut are not disengaged, but upon rotation in a direction advancing it into the threads of the nut the anchor may be held rotationally stationary to permit axial movement of the nut into the shell, with consequent expansion of the latter into firm engagement with the surrounding walls of a drill hole.
A conventional, two-compartment resin capsule mab/ ~
is inserted in a blind drill hole formed for such purpose in the structure to be supported. The rock bolt and anchor as-sem~ly are ;nserted into the hole behind the capsule to ~upport the latter on the end of the bolt carrying the anchor. The head of the bolt carries a support plate in the usual manner.
The bolt head is engaged by a socket tool forming a portion of a conventionaI bolting machine and forced into the hole against the resin cartridge as it is counter-rotated, i.e., turned in a direction tending to unthread the bolt from the nut, but instead rotating the bolt and anchor as a single unit. This serves to rupture the resin cartridge and mix the contents of the two compartments thereof.
After counter-rotation of the bolt and anchor as-sembly to the extent required to effect complete mixing of the resin grouting components, the direction of rotation of the socket tool is immediately reversed. The anchor wi`ll then be held rotationally stationary by the wall of the drill hole as the bolt is rotated. The tapered nut will thus ~e moved axially into the anchor shell, causiny radi;al expansion thereof into tight engagement with the wall of the drill hole. The socket tool may then be immediately removed from the head of the bolt without regard to the setting time of the resin-since it is no longer required for support.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWIN~S
Figure 1 is a-cross sectional view through a rock structure having a drill hole formedt~ereln showing, in front elevation, a first embodiment of the rock bolt and anchor construction of the invention inserted in the hole together with a resin cartridge, thereby also illustrating an initial step in the method of the invention;
mab/ C~
Figure 2 is a like view showing the elements at a subsequent stage of the anchoring operat.ion;
Figure 3 is a like view showing the elements in their final positions anchoring the rock bolt in the drill hole;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the tapered nut of.the anchor bolt constructior.~ of Figures 1-3;
Figure 5 is a fragmentary, perspective view of the end of the bolt of the Figures 1-3 construction;
Figures 6-8 are a series of views corresponding to lQ Fi~ures 1-3 and showing a second embodiment o~ bolt and anchor construction;
Figure 9 IS a fragmentary, perspective vi;ew of the lower portion of the anchor shell construction of Figures 6-8;
Figure 10 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a portion of the rock bolt of Figures 6-8;
Figure 11 is a front elevational view of a metal stamping to be formed i~nto an element used in another em-bodiment of the invention;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of the element after forming and mounting upon the bolt-anchor assembly in another embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of a bolt-anchor assembly with the element of Figure 11 mounted thereon, the element and a portion of the anchor being shown in half section; and Figure 14 is a sectional view on the line 14-14 of Figure 13.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings, in Figures 1-3 is shown a cross section of a rock structure 10, such as the mab/.~
112~;Z3 roof of a coal mine, in which a blind drill hole 12 has been formed with conventional drilling tools for the purpose of installing elements which will serve to suppoxt surface 1~
and the surrounding rock structure. Elongated rock bolt 16 has a square head 18 at one end and is threaded for a portion of l~t~s length from the other end 20. Support plate 21 is carried upon headed end 18 of bolt 16.
An expansion anchor comprising tapered nut 22 and expansion shell 24 is carried upon threaded end 20 of bolt 16.
The smaller end of nut 22 extends into the upper end of shell 24, the lower end of w~ich is supported by ears 26 extending -integrally from bolt 16 although other conventional support means such as wire bails, so-called Palnuts, and the like may alternatively be used. A second set of ears 27 at a position further from end 20 than ears 26 serve to support a washer-like member 29, the purpose of which will be explained later.
Conventi`onal res~n cartridge 28 includes two com-partments physically separating components 3Q and 32 of a resin grouting mix. Such cartridges are commercially avail- -able from a variety of sources and include a polyester resin as one of the components and a reaction agent such as a catalyst or curing or hardening agent as the other. The two components remain in a semi-liquid or thixotropic phase until mixed, whereupon the resi`n begins to solidify. Curing and solidification continue until an extremely strong bond is formed by the resin grout.
As seen in Figure 1, cartridge 28 has been placed in bore hole 12 and is supported therein upon end 20 of bolt 16. Cartridge 28 is forced against the end o~ hole 12 as mab/ ~
:
` i~2:16Z3 bolt 16 is moved upward as indicated in Figure 1 by arrow 34.
Head 18 is engaged by a socket tool (not shown) such as em-ployed in bolting machines commonly used in coal mines and elsewhere, which is power-driven to move the bolt upwardly into the drill hole and to rotate it in either direction.
End 20 of bolt 16 and nut 22 are threaded in the conventional manner so that clockwise rotation of the bolt advances it in-to the threads of the nut. In conventional rock bolt and anchor assemblies, counterclockwise rotation of the bolt would simply disengage i`t from the nut since the anchor is restrained to some extent from rotation by contact with the interior of the drill hole.
The bolt and anchor assembly of the present invention include cooperable structure for preventing relative rotation in a counterclockwise di~rection from the relative position of the bolt and anchor shown in Figure 1. Such structure comprises, in the embodiment of Figures 1-5, fixed pin 36 extending radially from bolt 16 at end 20 thereof and boss 38 extending integrally from upper surface 40 (Fig. 4) at the larger end of tapered nut 22. Pin 36 is, inserted into ' hol,e 42 (Fig. 5~ in end 20 of the bolt after the latter has been threaded through nut 22, preferably to an extent that hole 42 is beyond the end of boss 38.
As bolt 16 is~continued to be moved upwardly from the position of Figure 1 to that of Figure 2, it is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, as indicated by arrow 44 in Figure 2. Either on the first or a subsequent revolution, as bolt 16 tends to be unthreaded from nut 22, pin 36 will contact surface 46 (Fig. 4) of boss 38, preventing further relative ' mab/ ~,~
counterclockwise rotation oE the bolt and anchor. The anchor will then rotate with the bolt, as indicated by arrow 48, as the bolt is advanced, thereby serving to rupture cartridge 28 and effect thoroug~ mixing of the two components 30 and 32 thereof. Immediately after bolt 16 has been fully in- ;
serted to bring support plate 21 into contact with surface 14 and sufficient counterclockwise rotation of bolt and anchor has occurred to achieve thorough mixing, the direction of rotation is reversed. Since bolt 16 was counter-rotated to bring pin 36 into contact with surface 46, the pitch of the threads will advance the bolt sufficiently that upon one complete clockwise rèvolution there will no longer be an interference between the pin and boss. Therefore, the anchor may remain rotationally stationary as the bolt is rotated in a clockwise direction, as indicated by arrows 50 in Figure 3, thereby moving nut 22 downwardly into the end of shell 24, as indicated by arrow 52. As the larger end of nut 22 begins to move into the shell, radial expansion occurs in the usual manner to cause teeth 54 on the outside of shell 24 to bite into the rock surface within dri11 hole 12, thus firmly anchoring bolt 16.
The mixed resin components will ~ill the space within the drill hole around end 20 of the bolt and the anchor, washer member 29 serving to limit the extent by which the semi-liquid mixture can flow downwardly. After hardening, which requires varying amounts of time depending on the type of resin mix used, an extremely strong bond is formed to anchor bolt 16 essentially permanently in drill hole 12, With most currently available resin cartridges, counterclock-_ g _ mab/ ~
llZ1623 wise spin for 10 to 20 seconds at the usual bolting machine speeds of 600 to 1,000 rpm is sufficient to achieve thorough mixing, and 10 to 20 seconds of clockwise rotation is suf-ficient to set the anchor. Thus, the entire operation may be completed in about a half minute or less, and the bolting machine may be immediately disengaged from the bolt head without regard to the setting time of the resin grouting mix.
In the embodiment of Figures 6-10, reference numerals common to those used in description of the embodiment of F~gures 1-5 are ~sed to denote corresponding elements in the two constructions. In this construction nut 22 has no boss, being entirely conventional, and bolt 16 is not fitted with a pin at end 20. Ears 26 which serve to support shell 24 upon bolt 16 in both constructions also ser~e here-as the fixed members which extend radially from the bolt for-contact with.cooperating structure on the anchor, in this case pro-vided on the shell rather than th.e nut. Shell 24 includes at its base a collar-like portion 56, as is conventional with expansion anchor shells. In the illustrated form, collar 56 is an unitary, continuous structure, haying ~inner and outer cylindrical surfaces 57 and 59, respecti~ely, jo$ned at the base of the shell by planar, and annular sur-face 58.
A pair of spiral or tapered surfaces are formed in the base of collar 56 beginning.at points 6Q at the juncture of surfaces 57 and 58 and extendi~ng gradually deeper into the collar to terminate at steps 62. One of the tapered surfaces may be seen in Figure 9 and is denoted by reference numeral 64. Surfaces 64 are widest at steps 62, which lie at 180 opposite one another and in planes substantially radial with m~b/ ~f~
respect to the shell, which are narrower than the dist~nce between inner and outer surfaces 57 and 59. It may be seen that, with surface 58 of shell 24 resting upon ears 26, when bolt 16 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, as in Figure 7, ears 26 will contact stepped surfaces 62 and rotate the anchor together with the bolt. When the bolt is rotated clockwise, as in Figure 8, the anchor may be held rotationally stationary as ears 26 travel about surface 58, over steps 62 and across tapered surfaces 64 to again ride on surface 58. Thus, nut 22 may be drawn into shell 24 to - effect radial expansion thereof in the same manner as the previously described embodiment.
Turning now to Figures 11-14, the invention-is disclosed in an embodiment which requires modification of neither the nut nor the shell of the expansion anchor.
Insteadr a separate element is carried upon the bolt stem for cooperative engagement with portions of the conventional expansion anchor. The element is preferahly formed as a stamping from flat sheet metal of suitable gage and then bent to the desired shape. In any case, the material must have some degree of resilience or flexibility in order that por-tions thereor may return to an original or unflexed position after being temporarily bent away from such a position, and is therefore preferably of spring steel or similar material.
The stamping is shown in Figure 11 and includes a generally rectangular base portion 66 with two relatively narrow legs 68 and 70 extending integrally from one edge thereof. A pair of slots 72 extend into the opposite edge.
Edges 74 and 76 forming the free ends of legs 68 and 70 are cut at an angle (of other than 90) with respect to the mab/~
parallel side edges of the legs, which lie at 90 to the edge of base portion 66 ~rom which they extend.
AEter the stamping is cu-t from the sheet metal blank in the usual manner, legs 68 and 70 and base portion 66 are permanently bent to place the element in the configuration shown in Figure 12, wherein it is generally denoted by reference numeral 77. The base now forms a cylindrical collar 78 with legs 68 and 70 spaced at 180, as are slots 72. Each leg is bent twice, at 80 and 82, near its connection with collar 78 and the free ends are bent to form inwardly facing tabs 84 and 86.
Element 77 is formed with the inside diameter of collar 78 thereof slightly larger than the diameter of the roof bolt with which it is to be used. It is mounted upon bolt 16 simply by inserting the threaded end of the bolt through collar 78 and moving element 77 down the bolt until ears 26 on the bolt stem enter slots 72, thus supporting elemènt 77 upon the bolt and preventing relative rotation of the two in either direction. A conventional expansion anchor, denoted generally by reference numeral 88 in Figure 13 and including tapered nut 90 and shell 92, is then assembled with bolt 16 in the usual manner. That is, the threaded end of the bolt is placed through the open end of shell 92 and threaded into nut 90.
As anchor 88 is moved downwardly on bblt 16 during threaded advancement thereof through nut 90, legs 68 and 70 are flexed apart to the extent necessary to allow the lower or open end of shell 92, which constitutes a continuous, circular base, to pass between the inner ends of tabs 84 and 86. Conventional expansion anchor shells include a plurality mab/ ~
llZl~iZ3 of fingers extending integrally from the circular base, shell 92 having a total of four such fingers, each denoted by reference numeral 94, with spaces between the adjacent fingers.
After advancement of the threaded end of bolt 16 in-to nut 90 by a sufficient distance, the assembly will appear as in Figure 13 with collar 78 of element 77 encircling bolt 16, ears ~6 of which extend into slots 72 of the collar, and tabs 84 and 86 extending into spaces between fingers 94 on opposite sides of shell 92. This is also apparent in the sectional plan view of Figure 14. Since ears 26 are positioned in slots 72, rotation of bolt 16 in either direction will result in like rotation of element 77. Rotation in one direc-tion will bring angled edges 74 and 76 of tabs 84 and 86 into contact with the vertical edges of two of fingers 94 between which the tabs are positioned, while rotation in the opposite direct~on will bring the straight side edges of the tabs in-to contact with the vertical edges of the other two fingers 94. When frictional resistance to rotation of anchor 88 is provided, as when the anchor contacts the inside of a drill hole, ~olt 16 and element 77 may rotate in a counterclockwise direction, viewed from above as in Figure 14, while anchor 88 is held stationary by the frictional resistance. That is, the bolt and element may rotate relative to the anchor since legs 68 and 70 will flex outwardly as element 77 is rotated with angled edges 74 and 75 in contact with fingers 94.
Although legs 68 and 60 flex inwardly again when tabs 84 and 86 are aligned with the next succeeding spaces between fingers 94, they are again flexed outwardly by continued rotation of the bolt and element with the anchor held stationary.
On the other hand, when bolt l6 is rotated in a mab/ ~, 11~1623 : "`
clockwise direction as viewed from above, the vertical edges of finges 94 are contacted by the straight edge portions of ta~s 84 and 86 which are essentially perpendicular to the edges of the fin~ers. Thus, there is not outward flexure of legs 68 and 70, as in the opposite direction of rotation of the bolt and element; the frictional resistance to rotation of anchor 88 is overcome and there is no relative rotation, i.e., anchor 88 rotates together with bolt 16 and elemen~ 77.
Since counterclockwise rotation viewed from above is clockwise when viewed from below, and vice versa, and clockwise rota-tion will advance a right-hand threaded bolt into a stationary nut, rotation of bolt 16 in a direction advancing it into nut 90 will allow anchor 88 to be held stationary during such rota-tion with consequent axial movement of nut 90 into shell 92 and expansion of the latter.
Thus, it can be seen that the -Figs. 11-14 embodi-ment of the invention proviae operation in the same manner as the other two, except that a separate element is utilized instead of a modification of the shell or bolt structure.
Since ears 26 on bolt 16 serve to support element 77 and the base of shell 90 is supported on collar 78 of the element, no bail, Palnut, or other such means is required to support the anchor upon the bolt as ;s the case with other conventional expansiGn anchor assemblies. The bolt and anchor assembly may be inserted into a drill hole behind a frangible plastic container holding the resin in its separated, 2-component form. Rotation of the bolt in a counterclockwise direction as seen from below (clockwise as seen from above, as in Fig.
11) will serve to rotate element 77 and anchor 88, thereby fracturing the resin container and mixing the chemical com-mab/ ~
.
llZ~.6~3 ponents. Reversal of the direction of rotation will allow anchor 88 to be held stationary as bolt 16 and element 77 are rotated, with shell 92 being expanded into tightly engaged contact with the drill hole. The present embodiment thus provides the same control of relative rotation of bolt and anchor as the previously described embodiments, allowing relative rotation in the direction of threaded advancement of the roof bolt into the expansion anchor nut and preventing relative rotation in the opposite direction. Although in the form shown and described the separate element is positively driven in both directions by rotation of the bolt and trans-mits such rotation to the anchor in only one direction, the reverse of this operation could be provided if desired. That is, the separate element could be carried upon the anchor and arranged relative to cooperable portions of the bolt for rotation thereby in only one direction. It should also be noted that element 77 could be affixed directly to bolt 16 for transmission of rotation from the bolt to the element, there-by requiring no ears or other lateral projections or modi-fications of the standard bolt construction.
From the foregoing it is apparent that the present invention provides a method of combined mechanical-resin rock bolt anchoring which is advantageous, among other reasons, in that it greatly reduces the time required for the bolting machine to complete an anchorage installation while utilizing entirely conventional resin packages. The invention is practised with, and also encompasses, novel expansion anchor structure wherein cooperable portions of the bolt and anchor allow the bolt to be counter-rotated without unthreading from mab/ ,~
, 11~3 ~3 the tapexed nut, and novel elemerlts çarric~d upc~r~ t~ separatc from the bol-t to provide the same action witho~lt l~odi~ic:ation of the anchor st.ructure.
mab/ ,~
-- ~ --The present invention relates to rock reinforcing apparatus and metllods and, more spec~flcally, to a combined mechanical-resin rock bolt anchorlng system such as typically used in the support o~ mine roofs, and the like.
In mlne work, such as coal mining, or in underground ~ormations such as tunnels or excavations, it is often nece~sary to reinforce or support the roof and/or walls of the excavating to prevent rock ~alls or cave-ins, The most common means presently in use for e~fecting such support include elongated bolts or bars which are inserted in blind drill holes to hold a metal support plate in close engagement with the roof or wall surface. The bolt or bar is securely fixed in the hole by anchoring means such as a mechanical expansion anchor, a hardenable resin which surrounds the end of the bolt within the hole, or both.
Many variations of the basic mine roof expansion anchor have been proposed and numerous styles and models are currently - in wide-spread use. Common attributes of such anchors are the expansion shell, or other such radially expansible members, and a tapered nut having a threaded opening into which one end of the rock bolt may be threadedly advanced. As the bolt is rotated with the shell and nut constrained against rotation, the nut is gradually drawn into the shell to cause radial expansion thereof into tightly engaged contact with the wall of the drill hole.
Resin anchoring is also commonly used to fixedly secure the rock bolt or bar in the drill hole. The use of ' ' ' . , .
.~ ' - .
polyester resins in underground formation was disclosed at least as early as the June 4, 1963, U.S. Patent No. 3,091,935 of ~rown and Pritchard entitled "Rock Treatment". It has been found expedient to provide the resin grouting materials in two components each of which remains in a semi-liquid or thixotropic phase until mixed with the other, whereupon curing progresses to the stage that the steel bolt or bar will fail before the resin bond fails. The two components, a polyester resin~and a catalyst, curing or hardening agent, are commonly provided in a single cartridge where~n they are a single cart-ridge wherein they are physically separated in individual com-partments, such as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent No.
3,324,663. Upon insertion of the resin cartridge and-bolt in-to the drill hole the rock bolt or reinforcing bar itself, or other suitable means, is used to rupture the resin cartridge and mix the two components so that the curing and hardening necessary to retain the bolt in the hole may take place.
In addition to the many varieties of mechanical anchors and resin grouting systems used individually, it has also been proposed to combine the two so that a rock bolt or reinforcing bar may be secured by both anchoring systems.
Such a dual anchoring system is disclosed, for example, in Montgomery Patent No.3,618,326 wherein a conventional expansion anchor is used in combination with a novel two-compartment resin cartridge. Patent No. 3,702,060 likewise discloses a conventional expansion anchor threaded on the end of rock bolt and modified to carry a special resin container. Other U.S.
patents, such as Nos. 2,829,50~ of Demsey, 3,188,815 of Schuer-mann, et al, and aforementionèd 3j324,663 of McLean, disclose mab/ C~.
the combination of expansible shell mechanical-type anchors with resin grouting systems.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
The roof bolting systems of the prior art whieh com-bine meehanieal and resin anehoring depend, for the most part, upon speeial paekaging of the resin materials which are re-leased and mixed by threaded advancement of the bolt into the expansion anehor or by means external to the drill hole. Where the bolt is threaded into the expansion anehor nut as mixing takes plaee, the mixture may be incomplete when the bolt reaehes the limit of its travel. Considerable savings in fabrieation and installation eosts eould be achieved by using conventional resin paekages in combination wIth expansion anchors and bolts whieh are structurally modified, but not significantly more expensive than, presently existing anchors and whieh përmit immediate loading after a simple and rapid i~nstallation.
Accordingly, it is a principal objeet of the plesent invention to provide a combined mechanieal-resin roek bolting system wherein a eonventional resin package is used and in-stallation allowing full loading immediately after setting the mechanieal anchor is rapidly effeeted.
A further object is to provide a rock bolt and ex-pansion anchor assembly having eoopera~ive structure on the bolt and anehor whieh enhanees use of the assembly in eom-bination with a frangible resin eartridge.
Another object is to provide a novel mine roof ex-pansion anchor having structural attributes which promote its use in improved anchorage systems~
A still further objeet is to provide a novel method mab/ ~
. . .
112~iZ3 of installing in a drill hole a combined mechanical-resin type bolt anchoring system.
Still anothex object is to provide novel structure for use with a mine roof bolt and expansion anchor assembly in order to control in a desired manner the relative rotatability of the bolt and anchor.
Other objects will in part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the foregoing objects, the inven-tion contemplates the use of a conventional resin cartridge with a rock bolt and expansion anchor which, although other-wise conventional, include cooperative structure affecting their relative rotatability. That is, the anchor may be held stationary in the usual manner as the bolt is rotated in the direction of threaded advancement ~nto the tapered nut of the anchor, thereby radially expanding the anchor shell as the nut is moved axially thereinto. However, once the anchor nut has been threaded onto the bolt to a predetermined extent, the cooperative structure formed integrally with and/or carried upon the bolt and/or anchor prevents relative rotation of the two in a direction tending to unthread or withdraw the bolt from the nut. Thus~, as the bolt is counter-rotated the anchor rotates therewith as a single unit and the bolt and nut are not disengaged, but upon rotation in a direction advancing it into the threads of the nut the anchor may be held rotationally stationary to permit axial movement of the nut into the shell, with consequent expansion of the latter into firm engagement with the surrounding walls of a drill hole.
A conventional, two-compartment resin capsule mab/ ~
is inserted in a blind drill hole formed for such purpose in the structure to be supported. The rock bolt and anchor as-sem~ly are ;nserted into the hole behind the capsule to ~upport the latter on the end of the bolt carrying the anchor. The head of the bolt carries a support plate in the usual manner.
The bolt head is engaged by a socket tool forming a portion of a conventionaI bolting machine and forced into the hole against the resin cartridge as it is counter-rotated, i.e., turned in a direction tending to unthread the bolt from the nut, but instead rotating the bolt and anchor as a single unit. This serves to rupture the resin cartridge and mix the contents of the two compartments thereof.
After counter-rotation of the bolt and anchor as-sembly to the extent required to effect complete mixing of the resin grouting components, the direction of rotation of the socket tool is immediately reversed. The anchor wi`ll then be held rotationally stationary by the wall of the drill hole as the bolt is rotated. The tapered nut will thus ~e moved axially into the anchor shell, causiny radi;al expansion thereof into tight engagement with the wall of the drill hole. The socket tool may then be immediately removed from the head of the bolt without regard to the setting time of the resin-since it is no longer required for support.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWIN~S
Figure 1 is a-cross sectional view through a rock structure having a drill hole formedt~ereln showing, in front elevation, a first embodiment of the rock bolt and anchor construction of the invention inserted in the hole together with a resin cartridge, thereby also illustrating an initial step in the method of the invention;
mab/ C~
Figure 2 is a like view showing the elements at a subsequent stage of the anchoring operat.ion;
Figure 3 is a like view showing the elements in their final positions anchoring the rock bolt in the drill hole;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the tapered nut of.the anchor bolt constructior.~ of Figures 1-3;
Figure 5 is a fragmentary, perspective view of the end of the bolt of the Figures 1-3 construction;
Figures 6-8 are a series of views corresponding to lQ Fi~ures 1-3 and showing a second embodiment o~ bolt and anchor construction;
Figure 9 IS a fragmentary, perspective vi;ew of the lower portion of the anchor shell construction of Figures 6-8;
Figure 10 is a fragmentary, perspective view of a portion of the rock bolt of Figures 6-8;
Figure 11 is a front elevational view of a metal stamping to be formed i~nto an element used in another em-bodiment of the invention;
Figure 12 is a perspective view of the element after forming and mounting upon the bolt-anchor assembly in another embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 is a fragmentary, side elevational view of a bolt-anchor assembly with the element of Figure 11 mounted thereon, the element and a portion of the anchor being shown in half section; and Figure 14 is a sectional view on the line 14-14 of Figure 13.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawings, in Figures 1-3 is shown a cross section of a rock structure 10, such as the mab/.~
112~;Z3 roof of a coal mine, in which a blind drill hole 12 has been formed with conventional drilling tools for the purpose of installing elements which will serve to suppoxt surface 1~
and the surrounding rock structure. Elongated rock bolt 16 has a square head 18 at one end and is threaded for a portion of l~t~s length from the other end 20. Support plate 21 is carried upon headed end 18 of bolt 16.
An expansion anchor comprising tapered nut 22 and expansion shell 24 is carried upon threaded end 20 of bolt 16.
The smaller end of nut 22 extends into the upper end of shell 24, the lower end of w~ich is supported by ears 26 extending -integrally from bolt 16 although other conventional support means such as wire bails, so-called Palnuts, and the like may alternatively be used. A second set of ears 27 at a position further from end 20 than ears 26 serve to support a washer-like member 29, the purpose of which will be explained later.
Conventi`onal res~n cartridge 28 includes two com-partments physically separating components 3Q and 32 of a resin grouting mix. Such cartridges are commercially avail- -able from a variety of sources and include a polyester resin as one of the components and a reaction agent such as a catalyst or curing or hardening agent as the other. The two components remain in a semi-liquid or thixotropic phase until mixed, whereupon the resi`n begins to solidify. Curing and solidification continue until an extremely strong bond is formed by the resin grout.
As seen in Figure 1, cartridge 28 has been placed in bore hole 12 and is supported therein upon end 20 of bolt 16. Cartridge 28 is forced against the end o~ hole 12 as mab/ ~
:
` i~2:16Z3 bolt 16 is moved upward as indicated in Figure 1 by arrow 34.
Head 18 is engaged by a socket tool (not shown) such as em-ployed in bolting machines commonly used in coal mines and elsewhere, which is power-driven to move the bolt upwardly into the drill hole and to rotate it in either direction.
End 20 of bolt 16 and nut 22 are threaded in the conventional manner so that clockwise rotation of the bolt advances it in-to the threads of the nut. In conventional rock bolt and anchor assemblies, counterclockwise rotation of the bolt would simply disengage i`t from the nut since the anchor is restrained to some extent from rotation by contact with the interior of the drill hole.
The bolt and anchor assembly of the present invention include cooperable structure for preventing relative rotation in a counterclockwise di~rection from the relative position of the bolt and anchor shown in Figure 1. Such structure comprises, in the embodiment of Figures 1-5, fixed pin 36 extending radially from bolt 16 at end 20 thereof and boss 38 extending integrally from upper surface 40 (Fig. 4) at the larger end of tapered nut 22. Pin 36 is, inserted into ' hol,e 42 (Fig. 5~ in end 20 of the bolt after the latter has been threaded through nut 22, preferably to an extent that hole 42 is beyond the end of boss 38.
As bolt 16 is~continued to be moved upwardly from the position of Figure 1 to that of Figure 2, it is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, as indicated by arrow 44 in Figure 2. Either on the first or a subsequent revolution, as bolt 16 tends to be unthreaded from nut 22, pin 36 will contact surface 46 (Fig. 4) of boss 38, preventing further relative ' mab/ ~,~
counterclockwise rotation oE the bolt and anchor. The anchor will then rotate with the bolt, as indicated by arrow 48, as the bolt is advanced, thereby serving to rupture cartridge 28 and effect thoroug~ mixing of the two components 30 and 32 thereof. Immediately after bolt 16 has been fully in- ;
serted to bring support plate 21 into contact with surface 14 and sufficient counterclockwise rotation of bolt and anchor has occurred to achieve thorough mixing, the direction of rotation is reversed. Since bolt 16 was counter-rotated to bring pin 36 into contact with surface 46, the pitch of the threads will advance the bolt sufficiently that upon one complete clockwise rèvolution there will no longer be an interference between the pin and boss. Therefore, the anchor may remain rotationally stationary as the bolt is rotated in a clockwise direction, as indicated by arrows 50 in Figure 3, thereby moving nut 22 downwardly into the end of shell 24, as indicated by arrow 52. As the larger end of nut 22 begins to move into the shell, radial expansion occurs in the usual manner to cause teeth 54 on the outside of shell 24 to bite into the rock surface within dri11 hole 12, thus firmly anchoring bolt 16.
The mixed resin components will ~ill the space within the drill hole around end 20 of the bolt and the anchor, washer member 29 serving to limit the extent by which the semi-liquid mixture can flow downwardly. After hardening, which requires varying amounts of time depending on the type of resin mix used, an extremely strong bond is formed to anchor bolt 16 essentially permanently in drill hole 12, With most currently available resin cartridges, counterclock-_ g _ mab/ ~
llZ1623 wise spin for 10 to 20 seconds at the usual bolting machine speeds of 600 to 1,000 rpm is sufficient to achieve thorough mixing, and 10 to 20 seconds of clockwise rotation is suf-ficient to set the anchor. Thus, the entire operation may be completed in about a half minute or less, and the bolting machine may be immediately disengaged from the bolt head without regard to the setting time of the resin grouting mix.
In the embodiment of Figures 6-10, reference numerals common to those used in description of the embodiment of F~gures 1-5 are ~sed to denote corresponding elements in the two constructions. In this construction nut 22 has no boss, being entirely conventional, and bolt 16 is not fitted with a pin at end 20. Ears 26 which serve to support shell 24 upon bolt 16 in both constructions also ser~e here-as the fixed members which extend radially from the bolt for-contact with.cooperating structure on the anchor, in this case pro-vided on the shell rather than th.e nut. Shell 24 includes at its base a collar-like portion 56, as is conventional with expansion anchor shells. In the illustrated form, collar 56 is an unitary, continuous structure, haying ~inner and outer cylindrical surfaces 57 and 59, respecti~ely, jo$ned at the base of the shell by planar, and annular sur-face 58.
A pair of spiral or tapered surfaces are formed in the base of collar 56 beginning.at points 6Q at the juncture of surfaces 57 and 58 and extendi~ng gradually deeper into the collar to terminate at steps 62. One of the tapered surfaces may be seen in Figure 9 and is denoted by reference numeral 64. Surfaces 64 are widest at steps 62, which lie at 180 opposite one another and in planes substantially radial with m~b/ ~f~
respect to the shell, which are narrower than the dist~nce between inner and outer surfaces 57 and 59. It may be seen that, with surface 58 of shell 24 resting upon ears 26, when bolt 16 is rotated in a counterclockwise direction, as in Figure 7, ears 26 will contact stepped surfaces 62 and rotate the anchor together with the bolt. When the bolt is rotated clockwise, as in Figure 8, the anchor may be held rotationally stationary as ears 26 travel about surface 58, over steps 62 and across tapered surfaces 64 to again ride on surface 58. Thus, nut 22 may be drawn into shell 24 to - effect radial expansion thereof in the same manner as the previously described embodiment.
Turning now to Figures 11-14, the invention-is disclosed in an embodiment which requires modification of neither the nut nor the shell of the expansion anchor.
Insteadr a separate element is carried upon the bolt stem for cooperative engagement with portions of the conventional expansion anchor. The element is preferahly formed as a stamping from flat sheet metal of suitable gage and then bent to the desired shape. In any case, the material must have some degree of resilience or flexibility in order that por-tions thereor may return to an original or unflexed position after being temporarily bent away from such a position, and is therefore preferably of spring steel or similar material.
The stamping is shown in Figure 11 and includes a generally rectangular base portion 66 with two relatively narrow legs 68 and 70 extending integrally from one edge thereof. A pair of slots 72 extend into the opposite edge.
Edges 74 and 76 forming the free ends of legs 68 and 70 are cut at an angle (of other than 90) with respect to the mab/~
parallel side edges of the legs, which lie at 90 to the edge of base portion 66 ~rom which they extend.
AEter the stamping is cu-t from the sheet metal blank in the usual manner, legs 68 and 70 and base portion 66 are permanently bent to place the element in the configuration shown in Figure 12, wherein it is generally denoted by reference numeral 77. The base now forms a cylindrical collar 78 with legs 68 and 70 spaced at 180, as are slots 72. Each leg is bent twice, at 80 and 82, near its connection with collar 78 and the free ends are bent to form inwardly facing tabs 84 and 86.
Element 77 is formed with the inside diameter of collar 78 thereof slightly larger than the diameter of the roof bolt with which it is to be used. It is mounted upon bolt 16 simply by inserting the threaded end of the bolt through collar 78 and moving element 77 down the bolt until ears 26 on the bolt stem enter slots 72, thus supporting elemènt 77 upon the bolt and preventing relative rotation of the two in either direction. A conventional expansion anchor, denoted generally by reference numeral 88 in Figure 13 and including tapered nut 90 and shell 92, is then assembled with bolt 16 in the usual manner. That is, the threaded end of the bolt is placed through the open end of shell 92 and threaded into nut 90.
As anchor 88 is moved downwardly on bblt 16 during threaded advancement thereof through nut 90, legs 68 and 70 are flexed apart to the extent necessary to allow the lower or open end of shell 92, which constitutes a continuous, circular base, to pass between the inner ends of tabs 84 and 86. Conventional expansion anchor shells include a plurality mab/ ~
llZl~iZ3 of fingers extending integrally from the circular base, shell 92 having a total of four such fingers, each denoted by reference numeral 94, with spaces between the adjacent fingers.
After advancement of the threaded end of bolt 16 in-to nut 90 by a sufficient distance, the assembly will appear as in Figure 13 with collar 78 of element 77 encircling bolt 16, ears ~6 of which extend into slots 72 of the collar, and tabs 84 and 86 extending into spaces between fingers 94 on opposite sides of shell 92. This is also apparent in the sectional plan view of Figure 14. Since ears 26 are positioned in slots 72, rotation of bolt 16 in either direction will result in like rotation of element 77. Rotation in one direc-tion will bring angled edges 74 and 76 of tabs 84 and 86 into contact with the vertical edges of two of fingers 94 between which the tabs are positioned, while rotation in the opposite direct~on will bring the straight side edges of the tabs in-to contact with the vertical edges of the other two fingers 94. When frictional resistance to rotation of anchor 88 is provided, as when the anchor contacts the inside of a drill hole, ~olt 16 and element 77 may rotate in a counterclockwise direction, viewed from above as in Figure 14, while anchor 88 is held stationary by the frictional resistance. That is, the bolt and element may rotate relative to the anchor since legs 68 and 70 will flex outwardly as element 77 is rotated with angled edges 74 and 75 in contact with fingers 94.
Although legs 68 and 60 flex inwardly again when tabs 84 and 86 are aligned with the next succeeding spaces between fingers 94, they are again flexed outwardly by continued rotation of the bolt and element with the anchor held stationary.
On the other hand, when bolt l6 is rotated in a mab/ ~, 11~1623 : "`
clockwise direction as viewed from above, the vertical edges of finges 94 are contacted by the straight edge portions of ta~s 84 and 86 which are essentially perpendicular to the edges of the fin~ers. Thus, there is not outward flexure of legs 68 and 70, as in the opposite direction of rotation of the bolt and element; the frictional resistance to rotation of anchor 88 is overcome and there is no relative rotation, i.e., anchor 88 rotates together with bolt 16 and elemen~ 77.
Since counterclockwise rotation viewed from above is clockwise when viewed from below, and vice versa, and clockwise rota-tion will advance a right-hand threaded bolt into a stationary nut, rotation of bolt 16 in a direction advancing it into nut 90 will allow anchor 88 to be held stationary during such rota-tion with consequent axial movement of nut 90 into shell 92 and expansion of the latter.
Thus, it can be seen that the -Figs. 11-14 embodi-ment of the invention proviae operation in the same manner as the other two, except that a separate element is utilized instead of a modification of the shell or bolt structure.
Since ears 26 on bolt 16 serve to support element 77 and the base of shell 90 is supported on collar 78 of the element, no bail, Palnut, or other such means is required to support the anchor upon the bolt as ;s the case with other conventional expansiGn anchor assemblies. The bolt and anchor assembly may be inserted into a drill hole behind a frangible plastic container holding the resin in its separated, 2-component form. Rotation of the bolt in a counterclockwise direction as seen from below (clockwise as seen from above, as in Fig.
11) will serve to rotate element 77 and anchor 88, thereby fracturing the resin container and mixing the chemical com-mab/ ~
.
llZ~.6~3 ponents. Reversal of the direction of rotation will allow anchor 88 to be held stationary as bolt 16 and element 77 are rotated, with shell 92 being expanded into tightly engaged contact with the drill hole. The present embodiment thus provides the same control of relative rotation of bolt and anchor as the previously described embodiments, allowing relative rotation in the direction of threaded advancement of the roof bolt into the expansion anchor nut and preventing relative rotation in the opposite direction. Although in the form shown and described the separate element is positively driven in both directions by rotation of the bolt and trans-mits such rotation to the anchor in only one direction, the reverse of this operation could be provided if desired. That is, the separate element could be carried upon the anchor and arranged relative to cooperable portions of the bolt for rotation thereby in only one direction. It should also be noted that element 77 could be affixed directly to bolt 16 for transmission of rotation from the bolt to the element, there-by requiring no ears or other lateral projections or modi-fications of the standard bolt construction.
From the foregoing it is apparent that the present invention provides a method of combined mechanical-resin rock bolt anchoring which is advantageous, among other reasons, in that it greatly reduces the time required for the bolting machine to complete an anchorage installation while utilizing entirely conventional resin packages. The invention is practised with, and also encompasses, novel expansion anchor structure wherein cooperable portions of the bolt and anchor allow the bolt to be counter-rotated without unthreading from mab/ ,~
, 11~3 ~3 the tapexed nut, and novel elemerlts çarric~d upc~r~ t~ separatc from the bol-t to provide the same action witho~lt l~odi~ic:ation of the anchor st.ructure.
mab/ ,~
Claims (31)
PROPERTY OX PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A combined resin-mechanical system for anchoring a bolt in a drill hole in a mine roof, or the like, said system comprising:
a) an elongated bolt having a head at one end and threaded from the opposite end for at least a portion of its length;
b) an expansion anchor including a hollow, radially expansion shell and a tapered nut having large and small ends, the later being disposed in one end of said shell, said bolt extending axially through said shell and threaded into said nut;
c) a destructible capsule containing quick-setting ad-hesive and catalyst hardener resin materials in separate compartments, said capsule being rupturable upon advance of said bolt thereinto for mixture and hardening of said resin materials about said bolt within a drill hole; and d) means providing rotation of said anchor together with and in response to rotation of said bolt in one direction and allowing said anchor to be held rotationally stationary as said bolt is rotated in the opposite direction for threaded advancement into said nut, thereby expanding said shell for engagement of the outer surface thereof with the interior of the drill hole.
a) an elongated bolt having a head at one end and threaded from the opposite end for at least a portion of its length;
b) an expansion anchor including a hollow, radially expansion shell and a tapered nut having large and small ends, the later being disposed in one end of said shell, said bolt extending axially through said shell and threaded into said nut;
c) a destructible capsule containing quick-setting ad-hesive and catalyst hardener resin materials in separate compartments, said capsule being rupturable upon advance of said bolt thereinto for mixture and hardening of said resin materials about said bolt within a drill hole; and d) means providing rotation of said anchor together with and in response to rotation of said bolt in one direction and allowing said anchor to be held rotationally stationary as said bolt is rotated in the opposite direction for threaded advancement into said nut, thereby expanding said shell for engagement of the outer surface thereof with the interior of the drill hole.
2. The invention according to Claim 1 wherein said means includes a fixed member extending radially outward from said bolt.
3. The invention according to Claim 2 wherein said means further includes a boss extending from the large end of said nut in a direction axially thereof.
4. The invention according to Claim 3 wherein said fixed member comprises an element extending from the end of said bolt on the opposite side of said nut from said one end of the bolt.
5. The invention according to Claim 3 wherein said boss is formed integrally with said nut.
6. The invention according to Claim 2 wherein said shell includes a collar having inner and outer cylindrical surfaces and a planar face at the end opposite sald one end, and said means further includes a spiral surface extending into said planar face and inner surface in the same direction as the threads on said bolt, said tapered surface terminating in a step lying in a plane substantially radial with respect to said shell.
7. The invention according to Claim 6 wherein said fixed member comprises an element extending from said bolt in contacting relation with said planar face of said collar.
8. The invention according to Claim 7 wherein said tapered surface extends into said inner cylindrical surface of said collar, being narrower at its widest point than the distance between said inner and outer surfaces of said col-lar, and said fixed member terminates at a radial distance from the axis of said bolt which is greater than the radial distance therefrom of said inner cylindrical surface of said collar and less than the radial distance therefrom of the outer terminus of said step.
9. The invention according to claim 8 wherein said means comprises a pair of said tapered surfaces each ex-tending for less than 180°, about the periphery of said inner cylindrical surface of said collar and terminating in steps spaced by 180°, and a pair of said fixed members each ter-minating at a radial distance from the axis of said bolt which is greater than the radial distance therefrom of said inner cylindrical surface of said collar and less than the radial distance therefrom of the outer terminus of said step, said fixed members being spaced from one another by 180°
about the periphery of said bolt.
about the periphery of said bolt.
10. The invention according to Claim 1 wherein said means includes a separate element carried upon one of said bolt and said anchor,and having portions cooperatively en gageable with both said bolt and anchor to transmit rotation from said bolt to said anchor in one direction only.
11. The invention according to Claim 10 wherein said shell includes a plurality of axially extending, circum-ferentially spaced fingers and said element comprises a collar portion at least partially encircling said bolt and at least one flexible leg having an end portion extending laterally into the space between adjoining ones of said fingers.
12. The invention according to Claim 11 wherein said bolt includes a fixed member extending radially outward there-from through a portion of said collar for transmitting ro-tation in both directions from said bolt to said element.
13. The invention according to Claim 12 wherein said end portion includes one edge arranged substantially per-pendicular to the opposing edge of one of said adjoining fingers between which said end portion extends, and a second edge arranged at an acute angle with respect to a line per-pendicular to the opposing edge of the other of said adjoin-ing fingers, whereby rotation of said element in the direction of said one edge is transmitted to said anchor and rotation of said element in the direction of said second edge allows said anchor to be held rotationally stationary as said leg is flexed outwardly by contact of said second edge with said opposing finger edge.
14. A bolt anchoring assembly comprising:
a) an elongated bolt having a head at one end and threaded from the opposite end for at least a portion of its length;
b) an expansion shell supported in encircling relation to the threaded portion of said bolt;
c) a tapered nut threaded on said bolt for radial expansion of said shell upon rotational advancement of said bolt into said nut while restraining said nut and shell against rotation;
d) a fixed stop surface structurally associated with one of said shell and nut, said surface being spaced radially outward from said bolt and extending axially thereof; and e) a stop member fixedly extending radially outward from said bolt, said stop surface and stop member being relatively constructed and arranged so that upon rotation of said bolt in a direction tending to unthread it from said nut said stop member contacts said surface and rotates said shell and nut with said bolt, and upon rotation of said bolt in a direction tending to threadedly advance it into said nut said stop member avoids contact with said surface, whereby said shell and nut may be restrained against rotation and said nut is advanced into said shell for radial expansion thereof.
a) an elongated bolt having a head at one end and threaded from the opposite end for at least a portion of its length;
b) an expansion shell supported in encircling relation to the threaded portion of said bolt;
c) a tapered nut threaded on said bolt for radial expansion of said shell upon rotational advancement of said bolt into said nut while restraining said nut and shell against rotation;
d) a fixed stop surface structurally associated with one of said shell and nut, said surface being spaced radially outward from said bolt and extending axially thereof; and e) a stop member fixedly extending radially outward from said bolt, said stop surface and stop member being relatively constructed and arranged so that upon rotation of said bolt in a direction tending to unthread it from said nut said stop member contacts said surface and rotates said shell and nut with said bolt, and upon rotation of said bolt in a direction tending to threadedly advance it into said nut said stop member avoids contact with said surface, whereby said shell and nut may be restrained against rotation and said nut is advanced into said shell for radial expansion thereof.
15. The invention according to Claim 14 wherein said stop surface is structurally associated with said nut.
16. The invention according to Claim 15 wherein said stop member comprises a pin extending radially from said bolt at a position thereon on the opposite side of said nut from said bolt head.
17. The invention according to Claim 16 wherein said stop surface comprises one side of a boss extending from the large end of said tapered nut.
18. The invention according to Claim 14 wherein said shell includes a collar portion encircling said bolt on the side of said shell opposite said nut, and said stop surface is structurally associated with said collar portion.
19. The invention according to Claim 18 wherein said stop member comprises at least one element extending radially outward from said bolt for contact with said collar portion.
20. The invention according to Claim 19 wherein said element comprises an ear formed integrally with said bolt.
21. An expansion anchor for threaded engagement with an elongated bolt to secure the latter in a drill hole for reinforcing a rock formation, said bolt having at least one, fixed stop member extending radially outward therefrom ad-jacent one of the ends of said anchor, the latter comprising:
a) an expansion shell having a circular collar at one end from which a plurality of radially expansible fingers axially of said shell to terminal ends generally defining an opening at the other end;
b) a tapered nut having an axial, threaded bore and first and second ends of smaller and larger diameter, re-spectively, than the opening defined by said finger terminal ends, said nut being disposed with said first end extending into said finger opening, whereby said nut is partly encircled by said fingers, said shell collar and said second end of said nut forming the opposite ends of said anchor; and c) fixed stop means structurally associated with one of said shell collar and second nut end, said stop means being disposed radially outward of said collar and nut openings and having a stop surface extending in a direction axially of said anchor for engagement by said stop member extending radially outward from said bolt.
a) an expansion shell having a circular collar at one end from which a plurality of radially expansible fingers axially of said shell to terminal ends generally defining an opening at the other end;
b) a tapered nut having an axial, threaded bore and first and second ends of smaller and larger diameter, re-spectively, than the opening defined by said finger terminal ends, said nut being disposed with said first end extending into said finger opening, whereby said nut is partly encircled by said fingers, said shell collar and said second end of said nut forming the opposite ends of said anchor; and c) fixed stop means structurally associated with one of said shell collar and second nut end, said stop means being disposed radially outward of said collar and nut openings and having a stop surface extending in a direction axially of said anchor for engagement by said stop member extending radially outward from said bolt.
22. The invention according to Claim 21 wherein said stop means comprises a fixed portion of said nut.
23. The invention according to claim 22 wherein said fixed portion comprises a boss formed integrally with said nut and extending from the larger end thereof.
24. The invention according to Claim 21 wherein said stop means comprises a stepped surface of said collar lying in a plane substantially radial to the axis of said nut and shell.
25. The invention according to Claim 24 wherein said collar includes inner and outer cylindrical surfaces joined by a substantially planar, annular surface and a surface extending spirally into said inner and annular surfaces from a point at the juncture thereof to a terminus at said stepped surface.
26. The invention according to Claim 25 wherein said spiral surface is gradually wider from said juncture point to said stepped surface, the latter being narrower than the dis-tance between said inner and outer cylindrical surfaces.
27. A method of anchoring a reinforcing bolt in a drilled hole in the face of a rock structure by means of combined resin and mechanical anchoring, said mechanical anchoring being of the tapered nut-expansible shell type, said method comprising:
a) threading one end of an elongated bolt into the tapered nut of an expansion anchor;
b) drilling a hole of predetermined diameter into the face of a rock structure, said predetermined diameter being approximately equal to the largest cross-sectional dimension of said anchor;
c) inserting into the hole a breakable cartridge carrying a resin material and a reaction agent in separate compartments;
d) inserting the end of the bolt with the expansion anchor carried thereon into the hole behind the cartridge to engage and support the latter;
e) rotating the bolt in the direction tending to withdraw the bolt from threaded engagement with the nut while rotationally coupling the anchor to the bolt for rotation therewith, thereby rupturing the cartridge and mixing the resin and reaction agent; and f) immediately thereafter rotating the bolt in the direction tending to advance the bolt into the nut while rotationally uncoupling the bolt and anchor, thereby allowing the anchor to be held rotationally stationary, and advancing the bolt into the tapered nut to expand the shell and retain the assembly in position during hardening of the resin material.
a) threading one end of an elongated bolt into the tapered nut of an expansion anchor;
b) drilling a hole of predetermined diameter into the face of a rock structure, said predetermined diameter being approximately equal to the largest cross-sectional dimension of said anchor;
c) inserting into the hole a breakable cartridge carrying a resin material and a reaction agent in separate compartments;
d) inserting the end of the bolt with the expansion anchor carried thereon into the hole behind the cartridge to engage and support the latter;
e) rotating the bolt in the direction tending to withdraw the bolt from threaded engagement with the nut while rotationally coupling the anchor to the bolt for rotation therewith, thereby rupturing the cartridge and mixing the resin and reaction agent; and f) immediately thereafter rotating the bolt in the direction tending to advance the bolt into the nut while rotationally uncoupling the bolt and anchor, thereby allowing the anchor to be held rotationally stationary, and advancing the bolt into the tapered nut to expand the shell and retain the assembly in position during hardening of the resin material.
28. The method according to Claim 27 wherein said bolt has a head at the end opposite said one end, and further in-cluding installing a rock-supporting plate on said bolt for support by said head, engaging the head with a socket wrench, rotating the wrench in the direction which would unthread the bolt from the nut for at least a predetermined number of revolutions sufficient to rupture said cartridge and mix the contents of the two compartments thereof, immediately there-after rotating the wrench in the opposite direction until the expansion anchor is securely fixed within the hole, and im-mediately thereafter removing the wrench from engagement with the bolt head.
29. The method according to Claim 27 and including the further step of assembling with said bolt an element adapted to engage portions of the anchor to provide said rotational coupling and uncoupling of the bolt and anchor during rotation of the bolt in opposite directions.
30. The method according to Claim 29 wherein said element is assembled with said bolt after the latter is threaded into said nut, said element being positioned on the opposite side of said nut from the head of the bolt.
31. The method according to Claim 29 wherein said element is assembled with said bolt prior to threading the bolt into said nut, said element being positioned between the anchor nut and the head of the bolt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/882,797 US4162133A (en) | 1977-09-21 | 1978-03-02 | Resin reinforced expansion anchor and method of installation |
| US882,797 | 1978-03-02 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1121623A true CA1121623A (en) | 1982-04-13 |
Family
ID=25381351
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000320425A Expired CA1121623A (en) | 1978-03-02 | 1979-01-29 | Resin reinforced expansion anchor and method of installation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1121623A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108317145A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-24 | 宁波坚朗科兴精密制造有限公司 | A kind of novel earthquake-proof back taper anchor bolt and its installation method |
| CN113700245A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-26 | 深圳市建筑装饰(集团)有限公司 | Partition plate is decorated to gypsum that gives sound insulation light |
-
1979
- 1979-01-29 CA CA000320425A patent/CA1121623A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108317145A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-07-24 | 宁波坚朗科兴精密制造有限公司 | A kind of novel earthquake-proof back taper anchor bolt and its installation method |
| CN113700245A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-26 | 深圳市建筑装饰(集团)有限公司 | Partition plate is decorated to gypsum that gives sound insulation light |
| CN113700245B (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2022-08-19 | 深圳市建筑装饰(集团)有限公司 | Partition plate is decorated to gypsum that gives sound insulation light |
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