CA1121036A - Electronic countermeasure system - Google Patents
Electronic countermeasure systemInfo
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- CA1121036A CA1121036A CA000299049A CA299049A CA1121036A CA 1121036 A CA1121036 A CA 1121036A CA 000299049 A CA000299049 A CA 000299049A CA 299049 A CA299049 A CA 299049A CA 1121036 A CA1121036 A CA 1121036A
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Abstract
ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURE SYSTEM
Abstract of the Disclosure An electronic countermeasure system wherein signal processing apparatus is included to enable only a predetermined number of digital words associated with one of a plurality of radio frequency energy sources to pass to a general purpose digital computer. Also, such signal processing apparatus modifies the digital word passed to such digital computer to simplify the processing required by such digital computer.
Abstract of the Disclosure An electronic countermeasure system wherein signal processing apparatus is included to enable only a predetermined number of digital words associated with one of a plurality of radio frequency energy sources to pass to a general purpose digital computer. Also, such signal processing apparatus modifies the digital word passed to such digital computer to simplify the processing required by such digital computer.
Description
3~
~ack round of the Invention l`his invention relates generally to electronic counter-measure systems and more particularly to systems o~ such ~ype which use digital computers for automatically identifyillg radio frequency (R.F.) energy sources and assignillg countermeasures to such sources whell required.
As is known in the art, early electronic countermeasure (ECM) systems received signals from various R.F. energy sources and presented the locations of such sources on a suitable dis~lay, 0 SUC}I as a cathode ray tube (CRT). An operator would observe the cl~r display, tune his receiver to separate in frequency each of the R.F. energy sources, perform manual direction finding, select the appropriate R.F. energy source to be jammed and transmit an appropriate jamming modulation. Other early ECM systems used repeater jammers which transmitted all signals received in a fixed frequency bandpass. A shortcoming of these early ~CM systems was that they did not provide automatic R.F. energy source identifi-cation and prioritization.
In more modern fi~l systems the signal processing R~F. energy source identification and jamming assignment must be done au~o-matically because the ~.F. energy source environment, both ~riendly and hostile7 may be so dense that a single operator would not generally be able to perform the R.F. energy source identification task. Such a modern ECM system generally includes receiving equipment, signal processing equipment~ a general purpose computer, displays and signal generator and transmission equi~ment~
The receiving equipment and signal processing equipment convert various characteristics of each R.F. energy source into a digital word. These characteristics are typically the R.F. energy source's time of arrival (TOA)~ angle of arrival ~AOA), pulsewidth, ampli-tude and ~requency. These digital words are fed to a general ...~
purpose digital computer which provides an appropriate display for the operator and also automatically assigns jamming resources on a somewhat optimum basis to the threatening R.F. energy sources.
In order to establish whether received radio frequency signals are from a valid R.F. energy "emitter" or from "noise", and in order to calculate the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of such signal and thereby es~ablish the characteristics of a valid emitter so that R.F. energy source identification becomes more accurate9 it is necessary to sort the received signals so that received signals from the same R.F. energy source are grouped together. The basic idea behind conventional sorting is as follows: For each received radio frequency pulse, the observable parameters (frequency, pulse width, AOA, TOA, etc.) are converted into different portions of a corresponding digital word. Thereafter, when another pulse is received having similar parameters it can be assumed that this pulse came from the same R.F. energy source as the preceding pulse. For example, if a pulse is received at 3.792 GHz and an azimuthof 208 and another pulse 1 millisecond later is received having a frequency 3.793 GHz and an azimuth of 208 it is very likely that the two pulses came from the same R.F. energy source. Unfortunately, during the 1 millisecond interval the receiving apparatus may have received hundreds of pulses from other R.F. energy sources. ~lowever, if there were a hundred radars operating at the same time, each with a pulse repetition interval of about 1,000 pulses per second, the environment would comprise 100,000 pulses per second.
Thus, on the average there would be 10 microseconds available to sort each one of the incoming pulses into one of a hundred possible R.F. energy sources. If the comparisons were made sequentially, each incoming pulse would have to be compared against 100 R,F. energy sources ~or less) whose characteristics were previously observed. In the worst case, the time available for each one of the 100 comparisons is 0.1 microseconds. In view of the present state of the digital computer art such speed requirement means that conventional data processing approaches to data sorting would not be practical.
~L~2~L~136 Summary of the Invention With this background of the invention in mind it is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved electronic countermeasure (ECM) system.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved electronic countermeasure (ECM) system using digltal computer processsing wherein such system is adapted to enable such computor system to operate on a reduced number of R.F.
energy source signals and to identify such signals so that succeeding data processing is simplified.
These and other objects of the invention are attained generally by providing, in a radio frequency receiver system adapted to receive signals from a plurality of radio frequency energy sources and convert such signals into a sequence of digital words representing characteristics of such sources and including a digital computer having a memory adapted to store in locations thereof digital words coupled thereto through an improved signal processing apparatus, such signal processing apparatus comprising: Means for enabling a predetermined number of digital words associated with one of the R.F. energy sources to become stored in selected locations of such memory;
and, means for modifying such digital words passed to such memory to provide an indication of the location in such memory of the previously stored digital word associated with such one of the R.F. energy sources.
With such an arrangement, because only the predetermin-ed number of signals is required for R.F. energy source ident-ification and prioritization by the general purpose digital computer, such general purpose digital computer nee~ be inter-rupted only on identification of a new R.F. energy source.
Also, the modification of the digital word passed to such digital computer simplifies the processing required by such ."~
~L~L2~
digital computer.
In accordance with the present invention there is pro-vided a radio frequency receiver system adapted to receive a sequence of signals from a plurality of radio frequency energy sources and convert such signals into a corresponding sequence of digital words, each one of such words having portions re presenting different characteristics of such corresponding source [sources], a selected one of the portions representing a characteristic of such source which provides an identification of such source, and including a digital computer having a memory adapted to store in locations thereof digital words coupled thereto through an improved signal processing apparatus, such signal processing apparatus comprising:
(a) [Means] means, responsive to the selected one of the portions of the digital words, for enabling a predetermined plurality [nimber] of the sequence of digital words associated with an identified one of the radio frequency energy sources to become stored in selected locations of such memory and for in-hibiting from storage in such memory subsequent ones of the .
~0 sequence of digital words from the same identified one of theradio frequency energy sources; And, (b) means for modifying [such] the digital words pas-sed to such memory by including an additional portion to each such digital word passed to the memory, such additional portion [to provide] providing an indication of the location in such memory of a [the] previously stored digital word associated with [such] the same identified one of the radio frequency energy sources.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided ln combination:
(a) means for receiving a sequence of radio frequency signals from a plurality of radio frequency sources;
-4a-, 3~;
(b) means for measuring a plurality of parameters of each one of such received signals and for converting such para-meters into different portions of a corresponding digital [words] word, each digital word being associated with each re-ceived signal producing a sequence of digital words correspondir.g to the sequence of received radio frequency signals;
(c) digital computer means for processing digital signals passed thereto; and (d~ means fed by the measuring and converting means for enabling a predetermined plurality [number~ of the digital words associated with each one of the plurality of radio fre-quency sources having the same parameter as represented by a ; selected one of the portions of the corresponding digital words to pass to the digital computer means for inhibiting subsequent ones of such digital words having the same parameter as re-presented by the selected one of the portions of the correspond-ing digital words from passing to such digital computer means.
-4b-~Z~36 Brief Description of the ~rawings For a more complete understanding of this invention reference is now made to the following description of a preferred embodiment of this invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a sketchJ greatly simplified and somewhat distorted, showing a fleet of aircraft and an accompanying escort jamming aircraft~ the latter aircraft carrying electronic countermeasure (ECM) equipment according to the invention;
FIG~ 2 is a block diagram of the ~CM equipment carried by the escort jamming aircraft shown in FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of antenna and receiving equipment and a parameter measurement unit used in the ECM equipment of FIG~ 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a pulse width, time of arrival and angle of arrival measuring circuit used in the parameter measurement unit shown in FIG. 3; ancL
FIG. S is a block diagram of a presorter used in the ECM
equipment shown in FIG. 2.
3~
Description o~ the Preferred ~mbodiment Re~erring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, electronic coun~ermeasure (EC~) equipment 10 is shown carried on board an escort jammer aircraft 12 The ECM equipment 10 includes: Antenna and recei~ing equipment 149 adapted to receive radio ~requency (R.F.) signals ~rom a plurality of R.F. energy sources (here pulse radar guided missile batteries indicated by the numerals 15a-lSc)j a signal processor 16, -for converting such signals into digital words representative o~ various characteristics of such R.F.
energy sources; a general purpose digital computer 18, including a conventional memory 20 and program counter 21, for sorting the received signals (i.e. digital words) so that such signals are associated with specific ones of such R.F. energy sources lSa-15c and ~or identi~ying and assigning priority to such R F. energy sources; a conventional display 22 for identifying such R.F.
energy sources; and, a conventiona:L jamming signal generator 24 ~or transmitting suitable R.F. countermeasures against those R.~. energy sources which represent the greatest threat as decided by the general purpose digital computer 18 and/or operator (not shown) through the use of the display 22.
Referring to FI~. 3 ! antenna and receiving apparatus 14 is shown to include a conventional multibeam array an~enna 26. For simplicity it has been selected to show an array antenna having three simul~aneously existing beams, although it should be recognized that a greater number o~ beams would ordinarily be desired. Such multibeam array is described in U. S. Patent No.
39761,936, issued September 25y 1973, inventors Donald H. Archer et al, assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
As is described in U. S. Patent No. 3,715,749, issued February 6, 1973, inventor Donald H. Archer, entitled "Multi-~eam Radio 3~
Frequency System" and assigned to the same assi~nee as the present invention, a linear array of antenna elements ~7a ~ 27n is coupled to a parallel plate lens 30 through a similar plurality of trans-mission lines 32a - 32n The feed ports 34a - 34c~ here three9 are disposed along an arc of best focus of the parallel plate lens 3~. The antenna is constructed so that a length of electrical path from the feed port 34a to the planar wavefront 36a is the same for the radio frequency energy entering any one of the antenna elements 27a - 27n; the length of electrical path from the feed port 34b to any point on the planar wavefront 36b is the same; and the length of electrical path from the feedport 34c to any point on the planar wavefront 36C is the same ~ach one of such wavefronts may here be considered as being associated with each one of the R.F. energy sources 15a through 15c . That is, the wavefront 36a is associated with energy from R.F. energy source 15a and may be considered as being received at an angle of arrival (AOAl). Likewise, R.F.
energy sources 15b and 15c may be considered as being associated with wavefronts 36b and 36c, respectively~ and being received at angles of arrival AOA2 and A~A3, respectively. It follows then that radio frequency energy from R.F. energy sources 15a through 5c become focused to receivers 38a through 38c, respectively.
Such receivers 3~a through 38C are conventional receivers, here having logarithmic detectors. Such receivers are described in Radar Handbook, Editor-In-Chief Skolnik~ published by ~cGraw-, Hill Inc., 1970, pgs. 5-31 through 5-36. Here the output of the receiver is represented by 100 millivolts per decibel ~db). lhe outputs of receivers 38a through 38C are coupled, via lines 39a through 39c~ respectively, to a parameter measurement unit 40.
Parameter measurement unit 40 is shown in detail in FIG. 3.
::lL12~i~33~
As S]10\~'11, :;Ul~}l pal`;l]ll('t-'l` Ille'asUlelllO]lt Ullit 40 includcs a l)ulsc idth, time ~1` arri~;ll all~ all~le of clrrival measurin~ eir~uit 4~.
I`he ~ulse l~idth, time of arrivll and all~le of arrival measuri ~ir.uit ~' is sllol~n in l:I(,. 4 to include thre~ diodes ~4a throu~i ~,, e;~ one ~eill~ couple~l to lines j~Ja throu~Jl 3~c~ respec-ti~-el~-, as sllown Lines 3~a throilgll 3~c aro also coupled to ~olllp.lr;ltor alllpliiiers 48a througll 48C~ respectively, as shown.
Ihe outputs of diodes 44~ througll 44c are ooupled to termillal 45 A resistor 4, i~ coupled betw~ell such termillal 45 alld ~round.
1~ lermillal ~5 is also coupled to one input of an operatiollal ;131lp1ifier 4b, rhe other input of such operatiollal aml)lifier 4~ is ~oupled to a +~~ ~oltage supply. Ilere such +V voltage represellts about 3 db of input sigllal (i.e. 0.3 volts). (It is noted, for reasons to become apyarent, that the volta-,e +V is selected in accordance witll the probability that two signals received simul-taneousl~ will differ in amplitude by less thall such +V volts.) The output of operational amplifier 4t is coupled to comparator amplifiers 48a througll 48c, as sllown. In operation the voltage appearing at termillal 45 ~ill be the largest of the voltages on ~ lines 39a throug~l 39c For example, if the voltages on lines 39a - ~9c ~.ere, say, 2.8 volts, .9 volts and .8 volts respectively, diodes ~4b and 4~c would "open" and the largest voltage, i.e. 2.8 ~olts, would pass through diode 44a and appear at terminal 45.
From the 2 8 volts at terminal 45 .3 volts is subtracted by the operational amplifier 46. Hence the output of operational ampli-fier 46 would be, in this example, 2.5 volts. Under such condition comparator 48a would produce a "high" signal whereas comyarator amplifiers 48b and 48~ would produce "low" signals. The signals produced at the outputs of amplifiers 48a through 48C are passed to lines AOAl through AOA3 via threshold detectors 50a through 50c ; ~
~Z~36 as shown, It follows, then) that a binary signal is produced on lines AOAl through AOA3. Such signal may be either 100, U10 or 001, assuming that the amplitude of the signals on lines 39a through 39c differ by more than 3 db for reasons discussed above.
The binary word on lines A~Al through AOA3 then represent the angle of arrival of the R.F, energy source signal being received, More specifically, the digital word 100 on such lines AOAl - AOA3 indicates that signals from R.F~ energy source 15 are being received, The digital word 010 on lines AO~ - AOA3 indicates that signals from R.F. energy source 15b are being received and the binary word 001 on lines AOAl - AOA3 indicates that signals from R.F. energy source 15c are being received. Lines AOAl - AOA3 are coupled to an OR gate 54, The OR gate 54 is coupled, via line 58, to a clock and counter means 60 and to a strobe line 56.
Clock and counter means 60 is here of any conventional design which, in response to a "high" signal on line 58, measures the time duration o such "high" signal and converts the time dura-tion of such "high" signal into a digital word. Such clock and counter means 60 also determines the time of arrival ~TOA) ~within a predetermined dwell interval) of the received signal, It follows then that the digital word produced at the output of clock and counter means 60 appearing on lines TOAo ~ TOAn repre-sents the time of arrival of the received signal and the digital word appearing on lines PWO - PWp represents the pulse width (PW) of the received signal, It is also noted that strobe line 56 goes "high" in response to the reception of energy from any one of khe R,F. energy sources.
Referring again to FIG. 3, parameter measurement unit 40 is also shown to include three instantaneous frequency measuring (IFM) units 62a~ 62b, 62C, such units being coupled to lines 39a g ~ L'2~3~
througll 39~ respec~ively~ as sllown. Such instantalleous fre(luell~y measuring ~IFM) units are of any conventional design arld provide an analog signal l)roportional to the -frequency of the si~llal applied tilereto Analog-to-digital (A/D) converters ~4~ througl~
6~c are provi-lcd to co3lvert the voltages produced at the outpu~s o~ I~M units ~'a - ~2c, respectively, to corresponding digital ~orcls. rile digital words produced by A/~ convcrters 64a through ~c are coupled to a selector 66. Selector 66 has three input terminals 66a~ 66b and ~c Terminal 66a is coupled to the output lll of A/D converter 64a~ input terminal 66b is couyled to the output of A/D converter 64b and input terminal 66C is coupled to the output of A/~ converter 64c. Tlle outyut of selec~or ~6, i.e.
lines Fo - Fn~ are coupled to one of the input terminals 66a - 66C
selectively in response to the digital word ayplied thereto via lines AOAl - AOA3. That is, if the digital word on lines AOAl -AOA3 is 100, input terminal 66a becomes couyled to lines Fo - Fn;
if such digital word on lines AOAl - AOA~ is 010, input terminal 66b becomes coupled -to lines Fo - Fn; or i-f the digital word on lines AOAl - AOA3 is 001, terminal 66C becomes coupled to lines Fo - Fn~ It follows, then, that the frequency of the received R.F. energy source becomes converted to a digital word and coupled to lines 39a ~ 39c~ respectively, as shown. The outputs of A/D
converters 68a - 68C are coupled to a selector 70. More specific-ally, A/D converters 68a - 68C are coupled to the inyut ports 70a through 70C of selector 70. Input ports 70a - 70C become coupled to the output of selector 70, i.e. on lines Ao - An~
selectively in response to the digital word applied to lines AOAl - AOA3. That is, the operation of selector 70 is similar to the operation of selector 66 and therefore a digital word representative of the amplitude of the received R.F. energy ~ 3 source appears on lines Ao - An~
The digital words produced at the output of parameter measurement unit 40 ~i.eO Fo - Fn~ TOAo ~ TOAn, PWO - PWp and AOAl - AOA3) along with the signal on strobe line 56 are fed to a presorter 72 (FIG. 5), Before discussing the details of presorter 72 it is noted that here the -frequency band of all R.F. energy sources 15a - 15c is 4000 MHz wide from 5000 to 899~ M~z. Also measurement resolu-tion of the frequency of a received signal is 1 MHz. Therefore, the frcquency portion Fo Fn f the digital word produced by the parameter measurement unit 40 will be one of 4000 possible values, here ranging from 0000 (corresponding to a frequency of 5000 MHz) to ~3999)10 ~corresponding to frequency 4999 MHz).
For example, an incoming pulse at a frequency 6892 MHz will be converted into a binary signal on lines Fo - Fn corresponding to ~1892)1o. The conversion of frequencies 5000 to 899~ M~lz to digital words 0000 to (39~9)10 is here performed by a conventional encoder (here included as a part of A/D converters 64a ~ 64c) Referring now to FIG. 5, presorter 72 is shown to include a conventional random access memory 74. Data stored in a location specified by the digital word on lines F~o - ~n is read from such memory 74 and applied to a register 76, such data being stored in such register 76 in response to a "high" signal on line 78. Likewise, data applied to memory 74 on the data input terminal 80 is written into such memory 7~ at the location specified by the digital word on lines F~o - F~n in response to a "high" signal on the write enable line 82. As will become apparent, the read/write addressing for the memory 74 is related to the frequency associated with signals received from an R.F.
energy source and therefore memory 74 is here adap~ed to have ~ ~Z ~ ~ 3~
i000 locations. The data store~ in memory 7L} (i.e. the di~ital words applied to the data input terminal 80) is, for reasons to become apparent, comprised of two portions. Tlle first portion~
hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "present count~ portion, w]len stored in register 76 appears on lines PCl - PCn and the second portion, hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "# of times" portion, when stored in register 76 appears on lines #Tl - #Tn~ The lines PCl - PC~l~ together with the output of the parameter measurement unit ~0, i.e. lines Fo - Fn~ PWO - PWp, AOAl - AOA3; TOAo ~ TOAn, Ao - An9 are fed to a register 81. It is first noted that the data on lines TO~o - TOAn, Fo - Fn~
PWO - PWp, AOAl - AOA3, Ao - An may be considered as a digital word representing various characteristics, i e. time of arrival frequency, pulse width, angle of arrival, and amplitude, respec-tively, of a received signal associated with one of the R.F.
sources 15a - 15c Digital words produced by the parameter measurement unit 40 are applied to the register ~1 and such digital words are modified by the "present count" portion of the digital words stored in register 76 in order to facilitate the processing of data stored in the memory 20 of the general purpose digital computer 1~ in a manner to be described. Suffice it to say here that the "present count" ~ortion is used to modify the digital word associated with one o-f the R.F. energy sources produced by the parameter measurement unit 40 thereby to provide an indication of the location in such memory 20 of the previous digital word associated with such one of the R.F. energy sources.
It should further be mentioned, as will be discussed later, that only a predetermined number (here 3) of digital words associated with a particular R.F. energy source will be passed to the computer 18 via gate 83. The number of words to be passed is selected in . .
-ac~or~ance with the number of sam~les from the same l~.I. cncrgy sources neede~ to establish pulse repetition interval ~PI~I) oC
SllCh R.F. energy source Sucll P~l is ~etermined by comparing the times of arrival of signals from the same R.F. energy source.
Generally, a~ditional samples do not ~rovide additional informa-tion anclllellce, not beiIlg required, are inhi~ite~ from passing to the general ~ur~ose com~uter 18 in a manner to be described in or~er to reduce the processing required by SUcll computer.
Generation of the ~igital words to be stored in memory 74 is as follows: Tlle "number of times" portion of tlle digital words stored in register 76 is fed via lines ~Tl - T to: (1) a +1 adder X4, thereby to increment by one such digital word, and (2), to a comyarator 88, whicll compares such "~ of times portion" of such digital word with a predetermined number, here (3)10~ stored in register 86. Tile output of the ~1 adder 84 serves as one portion of the data on input terminal ~0. The output of such comparator 88 is fed, via line 90 and AND gate 92 to a counter 9~ and to the write enable line 82 through a one shot multivibrator 93. The output of counter 94 provides the second portion of the data applied to input terminal 80. Yile output of AND gate 92 is also fed to OR gate 101 through a delay network 103. The output of comparator 88 is also fed to the reset terminal "R" of a flip/
~lop 96 through an inverter 98 and an AND gate 100 and an OR gate 101, as shown The set terminal "S" of flip/flop 96 is coupled to the strobe line 56 ~i.e. from the parameter measurement unit 40) such strobe line 56 being "high" in response to the reception of a signal from one of the R.F. energy sources 15a - 15c as described in connection with FIG. 4. The output Q of flip/flop 96 and strobe line 56 are coupled to an AND gate 102 ~as shown). The output of AND gate 102, i.e. line SG, is fed to a register 81 and AND gates 92 and 100 through one shot multivibrators 104~ 106 respectively~
as shown, and to line 78 ~ia one shot multivibrator 108. It is here noted that when line SG goes "high" da-ta applie~ to register 81 becomes stored therein. Also, the delay provided by one sihot multivibrators 104, 106 (i.e. ~2) is longer t}lan the delay pro-vided by one shot multivibrator 108 ~i.e. ~1) In operation ~assuming that the memory 74, the counter 94~ the registers 76, 81 and flip/flop ~6 have been reset to 0 by any conventional means, not shown) in response to the detection o radio frequency energy from one of such R.F. energy sources 15a 15c~ strobe line 56 goes "high" and parameters associated with such R.F. energy source are converted to digital words by the parameter measurement unit 40 and are applied to register 81.
Because flip/flop 96 has been reset, line Q is high, the "high"
signal on strobe line 56 passes through AND gate 1~2 to line SG
and the digital word generated by the parameter measurement unit 40 becomes stored in register 81. Tlle fre~uency por~ion of the digital word stored in register 80 ~i.e. the portion of the digital word on lines Fo - Fn) become coupled to memory 74 via lines F'o - F~n thereby to provide the address for such memory 74.
Also, in response to a "high" signal on strobe line 56 the flip/
~lop 96 becomes set (i.e. line Q goes "low"~ and no other digital words produced by the parameter measurement unit 4~ are able to be stored in register 80 until flip/flop 96 is reset by a "high"
signal at the output of OR gate 101, to be described A first short time, ~1' after the line SG goes "high", register 76, in response to a "high~'signal on line 78, stores a digital word read from memory 74 at the location designated by the digital word on lines F~o - F'n~ Because the memory 74 had been reset to zero, as described, the digital word addressed by such memory 74 and now ~ 3~
stored in register 76 is 00..Ø A short time after the line 78 goes high, (i.e. a time 2 after line SG goes "high) the "number of times" portion of register 76 ~i.e. 0...0) being less than the number stored in register 86 (i.e. ~3)10) causes comparator 88 to go "high". When a signal produced at the output of one shot multivibrator 102 goes high, i.e., a time ~2 after line SG goes "high", counter 94 increments to 1 and shortly thereafter (i.e.
because of one shot multivibrator 93) the write/enable line 82 goes "high". Purther, the "high" signal produced at the output of AN~ gate 92 enables gate 83 to pass through such gate 83 to memory the digital word produced by the parameter measurement unit 40 modified by adding to the length of such word the "present count" portion of the digital word stored in register 76. Also, a-fter such digital word is passed to memory 20 the flip/flop 96 becomes reset by a "high" signal produced by OR gate 101. The delay 103 is provided to account for the time it takes data to be : stored in the memory 20 of the general purpose computer 18. How-ever, alternatively, the signal out of AND gate 92 could be gated ; with a "memory transfer complete" signal produced in a conven-tional manner, by the general purpose computer 18. It is also noted that the "number of times" portion has been incremented by 1 by the -~1 adder 84. Therefore, in response to a "high" signal on the write enable line 82, memory 74 stores in location provided by the digital word on line F'o - F'n the data 00...1 ~0...1. The process continues until the "number of times" portion of the digital word in register 76 is equal to ~3)10- Then, a time ~2 after line SG goes "high", counter 94 will not increment, write enable line 82 will not go "high", gate 83 will not be enabled and hence the digital word produced by the parameter measurement ~ 30 unit 40 will not pass to the general purpose computer through gate : - 15 -83. Rather, AND gate 100 produces ~ `'high" signal which passes to OR gate 101 to reset flip/flop ~6 for reasons discussed abo~e.
Let the following example be considered: The R.F. energy sources 15a~ 15b, 15C occur in the following sequence:
15a~ 15C7 15b~ 15b~ 15~, 15b9 15a~ 15b, 15c, 15c 15a Let it further be assumed that the R.F. energy source 15a has a frequency fl~ the R.F. energy source 15b has a frequency f2 and the R.F. energy source 15c has a frequency f3 and ~hat memory 74, counter 94, registers 76, 81 and flip/flop 96 have been set to 0 and the program counter is set to 0 by any conventional means (not shown).
In response to the first strobe signal on line 56 the first digital word PMUl ~here associated with R.F. energy source 15a) produced by the paramçter measurement unit 40 becomes stored in register 81. Data stored in the location corresponding to frequency fl of memory 74 is then read therefrom and a short time A l? later becomes stored in register 76. The "present count"
portion of such data is 0 and the "# of times" portion is incre-mented to lby the ~1 adder 84. Comparator 88 goes "high"? and a short time, ~2~ after the line SG goes 'Ihigh", counter ~4 incre-ments to 1. Then memory 74 stores 1 as the "present count" and 1 as the "# of times" in location associated with frequency fl Also, the digital word PMUl is modified by the "present count"
portion of the word stored in register 76 ~i.e.0) to form the digital word PMU10 which passes from register 81, through gate 83, to memory 20. A program counter 21, included in the general purpose computer 18 for addressing such memory 20 in a con~entional manner, is incremented to 1 in ~esponse to the "high" signal pro-duced by the AND gate 92. Therefore, the digital word PMUlo becomes stored in location 1 of memory Z0. ~This process is illustrated in the Table below.) .
~æ~0~6 ~ ---~
o ~
Ul Ul U~ Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul U
p~ 5 P~ C
a~
_~ ~ t c ~ a'' 3~ ~ ~- I
C C C C C C C C C C C ~ ~
u, ~ ~,~ ~ ~ r C'~o P~P
~ ---- . . _ ~1 ~
_ ______. .. ___~_____._.. _ ___._._ _ _ _.. ___ __.___._.. _ __~ ~ t ~I Oo ~ cr~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O C C O ~ ~
~ r~ ~ (D O
1~ 1-' Y v~ ~ tD
O O O O C~ O C ~0 ~ `~
__ _ _ _.
, , , ~ ~ O
C C C ~ ~
~ ~ 1~ I'~ ~D
O O O O O O U
. . ~ - --r I ~ O
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~1 1_ . ~ _ Y t' O
~D ~P' I ~1 OC I I G. Ul r ~ ~ ~- u. t~D ~
o ~ ~ ~-~
o o o o o o o o o . ~ ~
~ ~' U~
. , ,.~ . _ _ -r ~ o ~
~ Y 1~ ~ ~ ~ ~
O G O O O O O O C . O ~
c I ~ c c ~ 3 ~ c~ t 3 3 u r ~ ~ ~ 1 o ~. c~
I cc ~; I v ~ ) w c c c ~ cY
)~ ~ ~
O G O C C C
3~
In response to the next received signal (here from R.F. energy source 15c~, the digital word PMU2 is produced by the parameter measurement unit 40. Data stored in the location corresponding to frequency f3 of memory 74 is then read therefrom and a short time~
~1 later becomes stored in register 76. Ihe "present count"
portion of such data is 0 and the "# o-f times" portion o-f such data is also 0. The "number of times" portion is incremented to 1 by the ~1 adder 84. Comparator 88 goes "high" and a short time, ~2~ after line SG goes "high"y counter 94 increments to ~2)10.
Then memory 74 stores (2)l0 as the "present count" and l as the "# of times" in location f3. Also, the digital word PMU2 is modified by the "present count" portion of the word stored in register 76 ~i.e. 0~ to PMU20 which passes from register 81, through gate 83, to memory 20. The program counter 21 increments to location ~2)lo thereby to store such modified digital word PMU20 in location ~2~lo of memory 20. In response to the next received signal (i.e. here from R.F~ energy source 15b), the digital word PMU3 is produced by the parameter measurement unit 40.
Data stored in location corresponding to frequen~y f2 of memory 7 is then read therefrom and a short time, ~l~ later becomes stored in register 76. The "present count" portion o-f such data is 0 and the "# of times" portion of such data is 0. The "# of times"
portion is incremented to l by the ~l adder 84. Comparator 88 goes "high'l and a short time, ~2, after line SG goes "high", counter 94 increments to ~3)10 Then m~mory 74 stores (3)10 as the "present count" and l as the "~ o-f times" in the location corresponding to the frequency f2. Also, the digital ~ord PMU3 is modified by the "present count" portion of the word stored in register 76 ~i.e. 0) to PMU30 which passes to memory 20 and becomes stored in location ~3)10 o such memory.
In response to the next received signal ~here from R.F.
energy source l5b~ the digital word PMU4 is produced by the parameter measurement unit 40. Data stored in the location corresponding to the frequency f2 of memory 74 is read therefrom and a short time, ~l~ later becomes stored in register 76. The "present coullt71 portion of such data is (3~l0 and the "# of times"
portion of such data is l. The "# of times" portion is incre-mented to ~2)lo by the ~l adder 8~ Comparator 88 goes "high"
and a short time, ~2, ater line SG goes ~high", counter 94 increments to ~4) 10 ~ Then memory 74 stores (4)l0 as the ~'present count" and ~2~lo as the "# of times" in location f~. Also, the digital word PMU4 modified by the "present count" portion of the word stored in register 76 ~ (i . e. ~3)l0) passes from register 81, through gate 83, to location 4 o memory 2V. It should be noted that the "present count" portion which modified word PMU4 ~i.e. ~3)10~ points to the location in memory 20 of the preceding digital word associated wi-th R.F. energy source l5b The process continues as described abo~e and as outlined in the Table presented above.
It is noted that in response to the fourth signal from the R F. energy source 15b (i.e. digital word PMU8), comparator 88 goes "low" thereby inhibiting digital word PMU8 from passing to memory 20. Also, counter 94 does not get incremented, data is not read from memory 74? and program counter 21 does not get incremented. ~ similar operation occurs in response to the fourth signal from R.F. energy source 15a ~i.e. digital word PMUl 1 ' Referring again to the Table, it is evident that only the predetermined number ~here 3) of digital words associated with any one R.F. energy source will pass ~o the general purpose ~ 3~
digital computer 18 for processing thereby Therefore? once such computer has a sufficient number of pulses (i.e. here 3) from the same R.F. energy source to compute the pulse repetition interval ~i.e. PRI? of such source, additional pulses from such source will not cause the computer 18 to operate on them and such computer will be interrupted only when a signal from a "newl' R.F. energy source is received.
Further, the digital words stored in memory 20 are modified by including, in addition to the digital word produced by the parameter measurement unit ~0, a "pointer" which indicates the location in such memory 20 of the previous digital word assoc-iated with the same R.F. energy source. For example, reading from the bottom of the Table to the top: Locations 9, 8 and 2 contain di.gital words PMUlo? PMU9 and P~IU2, respectively ~all from R~F. energy source 15c); locations 7, 5 and 1 contain digital words PMU7, PMU5, and PMUl ~all from R.F. energy source 15a~; and locations 6, 4 and 3 contain digital words PMU6, PMU4 and PMU3 ~all from R.F. energy source 15b~.
Having described a preferred embodiment of this invention, it is evident that other embodiments incorporating its concepts may be used. For example, other frequency bands may be considered with corresponding changes in the size of the memory 74. Further, more or fewer parameters may be measured by the parameter measure-ment unit 40. Still further, addressing of memory 74 may be by some other parameter, such as angle of arri~al, rather than frequency as described. It is felt, therefore~ that this inven-tion should not be restricted to the disclosed embodiment, but rather should be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
~ack round of the Invention l`his invention relates generally to electronic counter-measure systems and more particularly to systems o~ such ~ype which use digital computers for automatically identifyillg radio frequency (R.F.) energy sources and assignillg countermeasures to such sources whell required.
As is known in the art, early electronic countermeasure (ECM) systems received signals from various R.F. energy sources and presented the locations of such sources on a suitable dis~lay, 0 SUC}I as a cathode ray tube (CRT). An operator would observe the cl~r display, tune his receiver to separate in frequency each of the R.F. energy sources, perform manual direction finding, select the appropriate R.F. energy source to be jammed and transmit an appropriate jamming modulation. Other early ECM systems used repeater jammers which transmitted all signals received in a fixed frequency bandpass. A shortcoming of these early ~CM systems was that they did not provide automatic R.F. energy source identifi-cation and prioritization.
In more modern fi~l systems the signal processing R~F. energy source identification and jamming assignment must be done au~o-matically because the ~.F. energy source environment, both ~riendly and hostile7 may be so dense that a single operator would not generally be able to perform the R.F. energy source identification task. Such a modern ECM system generally includes receiving equipment, signal processing equipment~ a general purpose computer, displays and signal generator and transmission equi~ment~
The receiving equipment and signal processing equipment convert various characteristics of each R.F. energy source into a digital word. These characteristics are typically the R.F. energy source's time of arrival (TOA)~ angle of arrival ~AOA), pulsewidth, ampli-tude and ~requency. These digital words are fed to a general ...~
purpose digital computer which provides an appropriate display for the operator and also automatically assigns jamming resources on a somewhat optimum basis to the threatening R.F. energy sources.
In order to establish whether received radio frequency signals are from a valid R.F. energy "emitter" or from "noise", and in order to calculate the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of such signal and thereby es~ablish the characteristics of a valid emitter so that R.F. energy source identification becomes more accurate9 it is necessary to sort the received signals so that received signals from the same R.F. energy source are grouped together. The basic idea behind conventional sorting is as follows: For each received radio frequency pulse, the observable parameters (frequency, pulse width, AOA, TOA, etc.) are converted into different portions of a corresponding digital word. Thereafter, when another pulse is received having similar parameters it can be assumed that this pulse came from the same R.F. energy source as the preceding pulse. For example, if a pulse is received at 3.792 GHz and an azimuthof 208 and another pulse 1 millisecond later is received having a frequency 3.793 GHz and an azimuth of 208 it is very likely that the two pulses came from the same R.F. energy source. Unfortunately, during the 1 millisecond interval the receiving apparatus may have received hundreds of pulses from other R.F. energy sources. ~lowever, if there were a hundred radars operating at the same time, each with a pulse repetition interval of about 1,000 pulses per second, the environment would comprise 100,000 pulses per second.
Thus, on the average there would be 10 microseconds available to sort each one of the incoming pulses into one of a hundred possible R.F. energy sources. If the comparisons were made sequentially, each incoming pulse would have to be compared against 100 R,F. energy sources ~or less) whose characteristics were previously observed. In the worst case, the time available for each one of the 100 comparisons is 0.1 microseconds. In view of the present state of the digital computer art such speed requirement means that conventional data processing approaches to data sorting would not be practical.
~L~2~L~136 Summary of the Invention With this background of the invention in mind it is therefore an object of this invention to provide an improved electronic countermeasure (ECM) system.
It is another object of this invention to provide an improved electronic countermeasure (ECM) system using digltal computer processsing wherein such system is adapted to enable such computor system to operate on a reduced number of R.F.
energy source signals and to identify such signals so that succeeding data processing is simplified.
These and other objects of the invention are attained generally by providing, in a radio frequency receiver system adapted to receive signals from a plurality of radio frequency energy sources and convert such signals into a sequence of digital words representing characteristics of such sources and including a digital computer having a memory adapted to store in locations thereof digital words coupled thereto through an improved signal processing apparatus, such signal processing apparatus comprising: Means for enabling a predetermined number of digital words associated with one of the R.F. energy sources to become stored in selected locations of such memory;
and, means for modifying such digital words passed to such memory to provide an indication of the location in such memory of the previously stored digital word associated with such one of the R.F. energy sources.
With such an arrangement, because only the predetermin-ed number of signals is required for R.F. energy source ident-ification and prioritization by the general purpose digital computer, such general purpose digital computer nee~ be inter-rupted only on identification of a new R.F. energy source.
Also, the modification of the digital word passed to such digital computer simplifies the processing required by such ."~
~L~L2~
digital computer.
In accordance with the present invention there is pro-vided a radio frequency receiver system adapted to receive a sequence of signals from a plurality of radio frequency energy sources and convert such signals into a corresponding sequence of digital words, each one of such words having portions re presenting different characteristics of such corresponding source [sources], a selected one of the portions representing a characteristic of such source which provides an identification of such source, and including a digital computer having a memory adapted to store in locations thereof digital words coupled thereto through an improved signal processing apparatus, such signal processing apparatus comprising:
(a) [Means] means, responsive to the selected one of the portions of the digital words, for enabling a predetermined plurality [nimber] of the sequence of digital words associated with an identified one of the radio frequency energy sources to become stored in selected locations of such memory and for in-hibiting from storage in such memory subsequent ones of the .
~0 sequence of digital words from the same identified one of theradio frequency energy sources; And, (b) means for modifying [such] the digital words pas-sed to such memory by including an additional portion to each such digital word passed to the memory, such additional portion [to provide] providing an indication of the location in such memory of a [the] previously stored digital word associated with [such] the same identified one of the radio frequency energy sources.
In accordance with another aspect of the invention, there is provided ln combination:
(a) means for receiving a sequence of radio frequency signals from a plurality of radio frequency sources;
-4a-, 3~;
(b) means for measuring a plurality of parameters of each one of such received signals and for converting such para-meters into different portions of a corresponding digital [words] word, each digital word being associated with each re-ceived signal producing a sequence of digital words correspondir.g to the sequence of received radio frequency signals;
(c) digital computer means for processing digital signals passed thereto; and (d~ means fed by the measuring and converting means for enabling a predetermined plurality [number~ of the digital words associated with each one of the plurality of radio fre-quency sources having the same parameter as represented by a ; selected one of the portions of the corresponding digital words to pass to the digital computer means for inhibiting subsequent ones of such digital words having the same parameter as re-presented by the selected one of the portions of the correspond-ing digital words from passing to such digital computer means.
-4b-~Z~36 Brief Description of the ~rawings For a more complete understanding of this invention reference is now made to the following description of a preferred embodiment of this invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a sketchJ greatly simplified and somewhat distorted, showing a fleet of aircraft and an accompanying escort jamming aircraft~ the latter aircraft carrying electronic countermeasure (ECM) equipment according to the invention;
FIG~ 2 is a block diagram of the ~CM equipment carried by the escort jamming aircraft shown in FIG. l;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of antenna and receiving equipment and a parameter measurement unit used in the ECM equipment of FIG~ 2;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a pulse width, time of arrival and angle of arrival measuring circuit used in the parameter measurement unit shown in FIG. 3; ancL
FIG. S is a block diagram of a presorter used in the ECM
equipment shown in FIG. 2.
3~
Description o~ the Preferred ~mbodiment Re~erring now to FIGS. 1 and 2, electronic coun~ermeasure (EC~) equipment 10 is shown carried on board an escort jammer aircraft 12 The ECM equipment 10 includes: Antenna and recei~ing equipment 149 adapted to receive radio ~requency (R.F.) signals ~rom a plurality of R.F. energy sources (here pulse radar guided missile batteries indicated by the numerals 15a-lSc)j a signal processor 16, -for converting such signals into digital words representative o~ various characteristics of such R.F.
energy sources; a general purpose digital computer 18, including a conventional memory 20 and program counter 21, for sorting the received signals (i.e. digital words) so that such signals are associated with specific ones of such R.F. energy sources lSa-15c and ~or identi~ying and assigning priority to such R F. energy sources; a conventional display 22 for identifying such R.F.
energy sources; and, a conventiona:L jamming signal generator 24 ~or transmitting suitable R.F. countermeasures against those R.~. energy sources which represent the greatest threat as decided by the general purpose digital computer 18 and/or operator (not shown) through the use of the display 22.
Referring to FI~. 3 ! antenna and receiving apparatus 14 is shown to include a conventional multibeam array an~enna 26. For simplicity it has been selected to show an array antenna having three simul~aneously existing beams, although it should be recognized that a greater number o~ beams would ordinarily be desired. Such multibeam array is described in U. S. Patent No.
39761,936, issued September 25y 1973, inventors Donald H. Archer et al, assigned to the same assignee as the present invention.
As is described in U. S. Patent No. 3,715,749, issued February 6, 1973, inventor Donald H. Archer, entitled "Multi-~eam Radio 3~
Frequency System" and assigned to the same assi~nee as the present invention, a linear array of antenna elements ~7a ~ 27n is coupled to a parallel plate lens 30 through a similar plurality of trans-mission lines 32a - 32n The feed ports 34a - 34c~ here three9 are disposed along an arc of best focus of the parallel plate lens 3~. The antenna is constructed so that a length of electrical path from the feed port 34a to the planar wavefront 36a is the same for the radio frequency energy entering any one of the antenna elements 27a - 27n; the length of electrical path from the feed port 34b to any point on the planar wavefront 36b is the same; and the length of electrical path from the feedport 34c to any point on the planar wavefront 36C is the same ~ach one of such wavefronts may here be considered as being associated with each one of the R.F. energy sources 15a through 15c . That is, the wavefront 36a is associated with energy from R.F. energy source 15a and may be considered as being received at an angle of arrival (AOAl). Likewise, R.F.
energy sources 15b and 15c may be considered as being associated with wavefronts 36b and 36c, respectively~ and being received at angles of arrival AOA2 and A~A3, respectively. It follows then that radio frequency energy from R.F. energy sources 15a through 5c become focused to receivers 38a through 38c, respectively.
Such receivers 3~a through 38C are conventional receivers, here having logarithmic detectors. Such receivers are described in Radar Handbook, Editor-In-Chief Skolnik~ published by ~cGraw-, Hill Inc., 1970, pgs. 5-31 through 5-36. Here the output of the receiver is represented by 100 millivolts per decibel ~db). lhe outputs of receivers 38a through 38C are coupled, via lines 39a through 39c~ respectively, to a parameter measurement unit 40.
Parameter measurement unit 40 is shown in detail in FIG. 3.
::lL12~i~33~
As S]10\~'11, :;Ul~}l pal`;l]ll('t-'l` Ille'asUlelllO]lt Ullit 40 includcs a l)ulsc idth, time ~1` arri~;ll all~ all~le of clrrival measurin~ eir~uit 4~.
I`he ~ulse l~idth, time of arrivll and all~le of arrival measuri ~ir.uit ~' is sllol~n in l:I(,. 4 to include thre~ diodes ~4a throu~i ~,, e;~ one ~eill~ couple~l to lines j~Ja throu~Jl 3~c~ respec-ti~-el~-, as sllown Lines 3~a throilgll 3~c aro also coupled to ~olllp.lr;ltor alllpliiiers 48a througll 48C~ respectively, as shown.
Ihe outputs of diodes 44~ througll 44c are ooupled to termillal 45 A resistor 4, i~ coupled betw~ell such termillal 45 alld ~round.
1~ lermillal ~5 is also coupled to one input of an operatiollal ;131lp1ifier 4b, rhe other input of such operatiollal aml)lifier 4~ is ~oupled to a +~~ ~oltage supply. Ilere such +V voltage represellts about 3 db of input sigllal (i.e. 0.3 volts). (It is noted, for reasons to become apyarent, that the volta-,e +V is selected in accordance witll the probability that two signals received simul-taneousl~ will differ in amplitude by less thall such +V volts.) The output of operational amplifier 4t is coupled to comparator amplifiers 48a througll 48c, as sllown. In operation the voltage appearing at termillal 45 ~ill be the largest of the voltages on ~ lines 39a throug~l 39c For example, if the voltages on lines 39a - ~9c ~.ere, say, 2.8 volts, .9 volts and .8 volts respectively, diodes ~4b and 4~c would "open" and the largest voltage, i.e. 2.8 ~olts, would pass through diode 44a and appear at terminal 45.
From the 2 8 volts at terminal 45 .3 volts is subtracted by the operational amplifier 46. Hence the output of operational ampli-fier 46 would be, in this example, 2.5 volts. Under such condition comparator 48a would produce a "high" signal whereas comyarator amplifiers 48b and 48~ would produce "low" signals. The signals produced at the outputs of amplifiers 48a through 48C are passed to lines AOAl through AOA3 via threshold detectors 50a through 50c ; ~
~Z~36 as shown, It follows, then) that a binary signal is produced on lines AOAl through AOA3. Such signal may be either 100, U10 or 001, assuming that the amplitude of the signals on lines 39a through 39c differ by more than 3 db for reasons discussed above.
The binary word on lines A~Al through AOA3 then represent the angle of arrival of the R.F, energy source signal being received, More specifically, the digital word 100 on such lines AOAl - AOA3 indicates that signals from R.F~ energy source 15 are being received, The digital word 010 on lines AO~ - AOA3 indicates that signals from R.F. energy source 15b are being received and the binary word 001 on lines AOAl - AOA3 indicates that signals from R.F. energy source 15c are being received. Lines AOAl - AOA3 are coupled to an OR gate 54, The OR gate 54 is coupled, via line 58, to a clock and counter means 60 and to a strobe line 56.
Clock and counter means 60 is here of any conventional design which, in response to a "high" signal on line 58, measures the time duration o such "high" signal and converts the time dura-tion of such "high" signal into a digital word. Such clock and counter means 60 also determines the time of arrival ~TOA) ~within a predetermined dwell interval) of the received signal, It follows then that the digital word produced at the output of clock and counter means 60 appearing on lines TOAo ~ TOAn repre-sents the time of arrival of the received signal and the digital word appearing on lines PWO - PWp represents the pulse width (PW) of the received signal, It is also noted that strobe line 56 goes "high" in response to the reception of energy from any one of khe R,F. energy sources.
Referring again to FIG. 3, parameter measurement unit 40 is also shown to include three instantaneous frequency measuring (IFM) units 62a~ 62b, 62C, such units being coupled to lines 39a g ~ L'2~3~
througll 39~ respec~ively~ as sllown. Such instantalleous fre(luell~y measuring ~IFM) units are of any conventional design arld provide an analog signal l)roportional to the -frequency of the si~llal applied tilereto Analog-to-digital (A/D) converters ~4~ througl~
6~c are provi-lcd to co3lvert the voltages produced at the outpu~s o~ I~M units ~'a - ~2c, respectively, to corresponding digital ~orcls. rile digital words produced by A/~ convcrters 64a through ~c are coupled to a selector 66. Selector 66 has three input terminals 66a~ 66b and ~c Terminal 66a is coupled to the output lll of A/D converter 64a~ input terminal 66b is couyled to the output of A/D converter 64b and input terminal 66C is coupled to the output of A/~ converter 64c. Tlle outyut of selec~or ~6, i.e.
lines Fo - Fn~ are coupled to one of the input terminals 66a - 66C
selectively in response to the digital word ayplied thereto via lines AOAl - AOA3. That is, if the digital word on lines AOAl -AOA3 is 100, input terminal 66a becomes couyled to lines Fo - Fn;
if such digital word on lines AOAl - AOA~ is 010, input terminal 66b becomes coupled -to lines Fo - Fn; or i-f the digital word on lines AOAl - AOA3 is 001, terminal 66C becomes coupled to lines Fo - Fn~ It follows, then, that the frequency of the received R.F. energy source becomes converted to a digital word and coupled to lines 39a ~ 39c~ respectively, as shown. The outputs of A/D
converters 68a - 68C are coupled to a selector 70. More specific-ally, A/D converters 68a - 68C are coupled to the inyut ports 70a through 70C of selector 70. Input ports 70a - 70C become coupled to the output of selector 70, i.e. on lines Ao - An~
selectively in response to the digital word applied to lines AOAl - AOA3. That is, the operation of selector 70 is similar to the operation of selector 66 and therefore a digital word representative of the amplitude of the received R.F. energy ~ 3 source appears on lines Ao - An~
The digital words produced at the output of parameter measurement unit 40 ~i.eO Fo - Fn~ TOAo ~ TOAn, PWO - PWp and AOAl - AOA3) along with the signal on strobe line 56 are fed to a presorter 72 (FIG. 5), Before discussing the details of presorter 72 it is noted that here the -frequency band of all R.F. energy sources 15a - 15c is 4000 MHz wide from 5000 to 899~ M~z. Also measurement resolu-tion of the frequency of a received signal is 1 MHz. Therefore, the frcquency portion Fo Fn f the digital word produced by the parameter measurement unit 40 will be one of 4000 possible values, here ranging from 0000 (corresponding to a frequency of 5000 MHz) to ~3999)10 ~corresponding to frequency 4999 MHz).
For example, an incoming pulse at a frequency 6892 MHz will be converted into a binary signal on lines Fo - Fn corresponding to ~1892)1o. The conversion of frequencies 5000 to 899~ M~lz to digital words 0000 to (39~9)10 is here performed by a conventional encoder (here included as a part of A/D converters 64a ~ 64c) Referring now to FIG. 5, presorter 72 is shown to include a conventional random access memory 74. Data stored in a location specified by the digital word on lines F~o - ~n is read from such memory 74 and applied to a register 76, such data being stored in such register 76 in response to a "high" signal on line 78. Likewise, data applied to memory 74 on the data input terminal 80 is written into such memory 7~ at the location specified by the digital word on lines F~o - F~n in response to a "high" signal on the write enable line 82. As will become apparent, the read/write addressing for the memory 74 is related to the frequency associated with signals received from an R.F.
energy source and therefore memory 74 is here adap~ed to have ~ ~Z ~ ~ 3~
i000 locations. The data store~ in memory 7L} (i.e. the di~ital words applied to the data input terminal 80) is, for reasons to become apparent, comprised of two portions. Tlle first portion~
hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "present count~ portion, w]len stored in register 76 appears on lines PCl - PCn and the second portion, hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "# of times" portion, when stored in register 76 appears on lines #Tl - #Tn~ The lines PCl - PC~l~ together with the output of the parameter measurement unit ~0, i.e. lines Fo - Fn~ PWO - PWp, AOAl - AOA3; TOAo ~ TOAn, Ao - An9 are fed to a register 81. It is first noted that the data on lines TO~o - TOAn, Fo - Fn~
PWO - PWp, AOAl - AOA3, Ao - An may be considered as a digital word representing various characteristics, i e. time of arrival frequency, pulse width, angle of arrival, and amplitude, respec-tively, of a received signal associated with one of the R.F.
sources 15a - 15c Digital words produced by the parameter measurement unit 40 are applied to the register ~1 and such digital words are modified by the "present count" portion of the digital words stored in register 76 in order to facilitate the processing of data stored in the memory 20 of the general purpose digital computer 1~ in a manner to be described. Suffice it to say here that the "present count" ~ortion is used to modify the digital word associated with one o-f the R.F. energy sources produced by the parameter measurement unit 40 thereby to provide an indication of the location in such memory 20 of the previous digital word associated with such one of the R.F. energy sources.
It should further be mentioned, as will be discussed later, that only a predetermined number (here 3) of digital words associated with a particular R.F. energy source will be passed to the computer 18 via gate 83. The number of words to be passed is selected in . .
-ac~or~ance with the number of sam~les from the same l~.I. cncrgy sources neede~ to establish pulse repetition interval ~PI~I) oC
SllCh R.F. energy source Sucll P~l is ~etermined by comparing the times of arrival of signals from the same R.F. energy source.
Generally, a~ditional samples do not ~rovide additional informa-tion anclllellce, not beiIlg required, are inhi~ite~ from passing to the general ~ur~ose com~uter 18 in a manner to be described in or~er to reduce the processing required by SUcll computer.
Generation of the ~igital words to be stored in memory 74 is as follows: Tlle "number of times" portion of tlle digital words stored in register 76 is fed via lines ~Tl - T to: (1) a +1 adder X4, thereby to increment by one such digital word, and (2), to a comyarator 88, whicll compares such "~ of times portion" of such digital word with a predetermined number, here (3)10~ stored in register 86. Tile output of the ~1 adder 84 serves as one portion of the data on input terminal ~0. The output of such comparator 88 is fed, via line 90 and AND gate 92 to a counter 9~ and to the write enable line 82 through a one shot multivibrator 93. The output of counter 94 provides the second portion of the data applied to input terminal 80. Yile output of AND gate 92 is also fed to OR gate 101 through a delay network 103. The output of comparator 88 is also fed to the reset terminal "R" of a flip/
~lop 96 through an inverter 98 and an AND gate 100 and an OR gate 101, as shown The set terminal "S" of flip/flop 96 is coupled to the strobe line 56 ~i.e. from the parameter measurement unit 40) such strobe line 56 being "high" in response to the reception of a signal from one of the R.F. energy sources 15a - 15c as described in connection with FIG. 4. The output Q of flip/flop 96 and strobe line 56 are coupled to an AND gate 102 ~as shown). The output of AND gate 102, i.e. line SG, is fed to a register 81 and AND gates 92 and 100 through one shot multivibrators 104~ 106 respectively~
as shown, and to line 78 ~ia one shot multivibrator 108. It is here noted that when line SG goes "high" da-ta applie~ to register 81 becomes stored therein. Also, the delay provided by one sihot multivibrators 104, 106 (i.e. ~2) is longer t}lan the delay pro-vided by one shot multivibrator 108 ~i.e. ~1) In operation ~assuming that the memory 74, the counter 94~ the registers 76, 81 and flip/flop ~6 have been reset to 0 by any conventional means, not shown) in response to the detection o radio frequency energy from one of such R.F. energy sources 15a 15c~ strobe line 56 goes "high" and parameters associated with such R.F. energy source are converted to digital words by the parameter measurement unit 40 and are applied to register 81.
Because flip/flop 96 has been reset, line Q is high, the "high"
signal on strobe line 56 passes through AND gate 1~2 to line SG
and the digital word generated by the parameter measurement unit 40 becomes stored in register 81. Tlle fre~uency por~ion of the digital word stored in register 80 ~i.e. the portion of the digital word on lines Fo - Fn) become coupled to memory 74 via lines F'o - F~n thereby to provide the address for such memory 74.
Also, in response to a "high" signal on strobe line 56 the flip/
~lop 96 becomes set (i.e. line Q goes "low"~ and no other digital words produced by the parameter measurement unit 4~ are able to be stored in register 80 until flip/flop 96 is reset by a "high"
signal at the output of OR gate 101, to be described A first short time, ~1' after the line SG goes "high", register 76, in response to a "high~'signal on line 78, stores a digital word read from memory 74 at the location designated by the digital word on lines F~o - F'n~ Because the memory 74 had been reset to zero, as described, the digital word addressed by such memory 74 and now ~ 3~
stored in register 76 is 00..Ø A short time after the line 78 goes high, (i.e. a time 2 after line SG goes "high) the "number of times" portion of register 76 ~i.e. 0...0) being less than the number stored in register 86 (i.e. ~3)10) causes comparator 88 to go "high". When a signal produced at the output of one shot multivibrator 102 goes high, i.e., a time ~2 after line SG goes "high", counter 94 increments to 1 and shortly thereafter (i.e.
because of one shot multivibrator 93) the write/enable line 82 goes "high". Purther, the "high" signal produced at the output of AN~ gate 92 enables gate 83 to pass through such gate 83 to memory the digital word produced by the parameter measurement unit 40 modified by adding to the length of such word the "present count" portion of the digital word stored in register 76. Also, a-fter such digital word is passed to memory 20 the flip/flop 96 becomes reset by a "high" signal produced by OR gate 101. The delay 103 is provided to account for the time it takes data to be : stored in the memory 20 of the general purpose computer 18. How-ever, alternatively, the signal out of AND gate 92 could be gated ; with a "memory transfer complete" signal produced in a conven-tional manner, by the general purpose computer 18. It is also noted that the "number of times" portion has been incremented by 1 by the -~1 adder 84. Therefore, in response to a "high" signal on the write enable line 82, memory 74 stores in location provided by the digital word on line F'o - F'n the data 00...1 ~0...1. The process continues until the "number of times" portion of the digital word in register 76 is equal to ~3)10- Then, a time ~2 after line SG goes "high", counter 94 will not increment, write enable line 82 will not go "high", gate 83 will not be enabled and hence the digital word produced by the parameter measurement ~ 30 unit 40 will not pass to the general purpose computer through gate : - 15 -83. Rather, AND gate 100 produces ~ `'high" signal which passes to OR gate 101 to reset flip/flop ~6 for reasons discussed abo~e.
Let the following example be considered: The R.F. energy sources 15a~ 15b, 15C occur in the following sequence:
15a~ 15C7 15b~ 15b~ 15~, 15b9 15a~ 15b, 15c, 15c 15a Let it further be assumed that the R.F. energy source 15a has a frequency fl~ the R.F. energy source 15b has a frequency f2 and the R.F. energy source 15c has a frequency f3 and ~hat memory 74, counter 94, registers 76, 81 and flip/flop 96 have been set to 0 and the program counter is set to 0 by any conventional means (not shown).
In response to the first strobe signal on line 56 the first digital word PMUl ~here associated with R.F. energy source 15a) produced by the paramçter measurement unit 40 becomes stored in register 81. Data stored in the location corresponding to frequency fl of memory 74 is then read therefrom and a short time A l? later becomes stored in register 76. The "present count"
portion of such data is 0 and the "# of times" portion is incre-mented to lby the ~1 adder 84. Comparator 88 goes "high"? and a short time, ~2~ after the line SG goes 'Ihigh", counter ~4 incre-ments to 1. Then memory 74 stores 1 as the "present count" and 1 as the "# of times" in location associated with frequency fl Also, the digital word PMUl is modified by the "present count"
portion of the word stored in register 76 ~i.e.0) to form the digital word PMU10 which passes from register 81, through gate 83, to memory 20. A program counter 21, included in the general purpose computer 18 for addressing such memory 20 in a con~entional manner, is incremented to 1 in ~esponse to the "high" signal pro-duced by the AND gate 92. Therefore, the digital word PMUlo becomes stored in location 1 of memory Z0. ~This process is illustrated in the Table below.) .
~æ~0~6 ~ ---~
o ~
Ul Ul U~ Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul Ul U
p~ 5 P~ C
a~
_~ ~ t c ~ a'' 3~ ~ ~- I
C C C C C C C C C C C ~ ~
u, ~ ~,~ ~ ~ r C'~o P~P
~ ---- . . _ ~1 ~
_ ______. .. ___~_____._.. _ ___._._ _ _ _.. ___ __.___._.. _ __~ ~ t ~I Oo ~ cr~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O C C O ~ ~
~ r~ ~ (D O
1~ 1-' Y v~ ~ tD
O O O O C~ O C ~0 ~ `~
__ _ _ _.
, , , ~ ~ O
C C C ~ ~
~ ~ 1~ I'~ ~D
O O O O O O U
. . ~ - --r I ~ O
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~1 1_ . ~ _ Y t' O
~D ~P' I ~1 OC I I G. Ul r ~ ~ ~- u. t~D ~
o ~ ~ ~-~
o o o o o o o o o . ~ ~
~ ~' U~
. , ,.~ . _ _ -r ~ o ~
~ Y 1~ ~ ~ ~ ~
O G O O O O O O C . O ~
c I ~ c c ~ 3 ~ c~ t 3 3 u r ~ ~ ~ 1 o ~. c~
I cc ~; I v ~ ) w c c c ~ cY
)~ ~ ~
O G O C C C
3~
In response to the next received signal (here from R.F. energy source 15c~, the digital word PMU2 is produced by the parameter measurement unit 40. Data stored in the location corresponding to frequency f3 of memory 74 is then read therefrom and a short time~
~1 later becomes stored in register 76. Ihe "present count"
portion of such data is 0 and the "# o-f times" portion o-f such data is also 0. The "number of times" portion is incremented to 1 by the ~1 adder 84. Comparator 88 goes "high" and a short time, ~2~ after line SG goes "high"y counter 94 increments to ~2)10.
Then memory 74 stores (2)l0 as the "present count" and l as the "# of times" in location f3. Also, the digital word PMU2 is modified by the "present count" portion of the word stored in register 76 ~i.e. 0~ to PMU20 which passes from register 81, through gate 83, to memory 20. The program counter 21 increments to location ~2)lo thereby to store such modified digital word PMU20 in location ~2~lo of memory 20. In response to the next received signal (i.e. here from R.F~ energy source 15b), the digital word PMU3 is produced by the parameter measurement unit 40.
Data stored in location corresponding to frequen~y f2 of memory 7 is then read therefrom and a short time, ~l~ later becomes stored in register 76. The "present count" portion o-f such data is 0 and the "# of times" portion of such data is 0. The "# of times"
portion is incremented to l by the ~l adder 84. Comparator 88 goes "high'l and a short time, ~2, after line SG goes "high", counter 94 increments to ~3)10 Then m~mory 74 stores (3)10 as the "present count" and l as the "~ o-f times" in the location corresponding to the frequency f2. Also, the digital ~ord PMU3 is modified by the "present count" portion of the word stored in register 76 ~i.e. 0) to PMU30 which passes to memory 20 and becomes stored in location ~3)10 o such memory.
In response to the next received signal ~here from R.F.
energy source l5b~ the digital word PMU4 is produced by the parameter measurement unit 40. Data stored in the location corresponding to the frequency f2 of memory 74 is read therefrom and a short time, ~l~ later becomes stored in register 76. The "present coullt71 portion of such data is (3~l0 and the "# of times"
portion of such data is l. The "# of times" portion is incre-mented to ~2)lo by the ~l adder 8~ Comparator 88 goes "high"
and a short time, ~2, ater line SG goes ~high", counter 94 increments to ~4) 10 ~ Then memory 74 stores (4)l0 as the ~'present count" and ~2~lo as the "# of times" in location f~. Also, the digital word PMU4 modified by the "present count" portion of the word stored in register 76 ~ (i . e. ~3)l0) passes from register 81, through gate 83, to location 4 o memory 2V. It should be noted that the "present count" portion which modified word PMU4 ~i.e. ~3)10~ points to the location in memory 20 of the preceding digital word associated wi-th R.F. energy source l5b The process continues as described abo~e and as outlined in the Table presented above.
It is noted that in response to the fourth signal from the R F. energy source 15b (i.e. digital word PMU8), comparator 88 goes "low" thereby inhibiting digital word PMU8 from passing to memory 20. Also, counter 94 does not get incremented, data is not read from memory 74? and program counter 21 does not get incremented. ~ similar operation occurs in response to the fourth signal from R.F. energy source 15a ~i.e. digital word PMUl 1 ' Referring again to the Table, it is evident that only the predetermined number ~here 3) of digital words associated with any one R.F. energy source will pass ~o the general purpose ~ 3~
digital computer 18 for processing thereby Therefore? once such computer has a sufficient number of pulses (i.e. here 3) from the same R.F. energy source to compute the pulse repetition interval ~i.e. PRI? of such source, additional pulses from such source will not cause the computer 18 to operate on them and such computer will be interrupted only when a signal from a "newl' R.F. energy source is received.
Further, the digital words stored in memory 20 are modified by including, in addition to the digital word produced by the parameter measurement unit ~0, a "pointer" which indicates the location in such memory 20 of the previous digital word assoc-iated with the same R.F. energy source. For example, reading from the bottom of the Table to the top: Locations 9, 8 and 2 contain di.gital words PMUlo? PMU9 and P~IU2, respectively ~all from R~F. energy source 15c); locations 7, 5 and 1 contain digital words PMU7, PMU5, and PMUl ~all from R.F. energy source 15a~; and locations 6, 4 and 3 contain digital words PMU6, PMU4 and PMU3 ~all from R.F. energy source 15b~.
Having described a preferred embodiment of this invention, it is evident that other embodiments incorporating its concepts may be used. For example, other frequency bands may be considered with corresponding changes in the size of the memory 74. Further, more or fewer parameters may be measured by the parameter measure-ment unit 40. Still further, addressing of memory 74 may be by some other parameter, such as angle of arri~al, rather than frequency as described. It is felt, therefore~ that this inven-tion should not be restricted to the disclosed embodiment, but rather should be limited only by the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a radio frequency receiver system adapted to re-ceive a sequency and convert such signals into a corresponding sequence of digital words, each one of such words having portions representing different characteristics of such corresponding source [source], a selected one of the portions representing a characteristic of such source which provides an identification of such source, and including a digital computer having a memory adapted to store in locations thereof digital words cou-pled thereto through an improved signal processing apparatus, such signal processing apparatus comprising:
(a) [Means] means, responsive to the selected one of the portions of the digital words, for enabling a predetermined plurality [number] of the sequence of digital words associated with an identified one of the radio frequency energy sources to become stored in selected locations of such memory and for inhibiting from storage in such memory subsequent ones of the sequency of digital words from the same identified one of the radio frequency energy sources; and, [b) means for modifying [such] the digital words pas-sed to such memory by including an additional portion to each such digital word passed to the memory, such additional portion [to provide] providing an indication of the location in such memory of a [the] previously stored digital word associated with [such] the same identified one of the radio frequency energy sources.
(a) [Means] means, responsive to the selected one of the portions of the digital words, for enabling a predetermined plurality [number] of the sequence of digital words associated with an identified one of the radio frequency energy sources to become stored in selected locations of such memory and for inhibiting from storage in such memory subsequent ones of the sequency of digital words from the same identified one of the radio frequency energy sources; and, [b) means for modifying [such] the digital words pas-sed to such memory by including an additional portion to each such digital word passed to the memory, such additional portion [to provide] providing an indication of the location in such memory of a [the] previously stored digital word associated with [such] the same identified one of the radio frequency energy sources.
2. The signal processing apparatus recited in claim 1 wherein the enabling means includes:
(a) means, responsive to the selected one of the por-tions of the sequence of digital words, for counting the number of digital words associated with the same identified source [signals from one of such radio frequency sources having a selected one of the characteristics have been received];
(b) means for comparing the counted number of [times]
digital words with [the] a predetermined number ; and (c) gating means responsive to the[enabling signal]
comparing means for passing the digital words associated with the same identified source to the memory [in response to the enabling signal] when the counted number of digital words is less than the predetermined number, and for inhibiting subsequent digital words from the same identified source to pass to the memory when the counted number of digital words is greater than the predetermined number.
(a) means, responsive to the selected one of the por-tions of the sequence of digital words, for counting the number of digital words associated with the same identified source [signals from one of such radio frequency sources having a selected one of the characteristics have been received];
(b) means for comparing the counted number of [times]
digital words with [the] a predetermined number ; and (c) gating means responsive to the[enabling signal]
comparing means for passing the digital words associated with the same identified source to the memory [in response to the enabling signal] when the counted number of digital words is less than the predetermined number, and for inhibiting subsequent digital words from the same identified source to pass to the memory when the counted number of digital words is greater than the predetermined number.
3. The signal processing apparatus recited in claim 2 including means for storing the digital words passed to the memory in sequential locations thereof, and means, responsive to the selected one of the portions of the digital words, for [providing and indication] producing a second digital word representative of the [present count] number of the last digital word in the sequence passed to the digital computer which was associated with the same identified source [of a received signal]
and wherein the modifying means modifies each [the] digital word by adding as an additional portion to such digital word the second digital word [in accordance with the present count indi-cation] provided by the providing means to provide an indication of the memory location of the previous digital word associated with the same identified source stored in such memory.
and wherein the modifying means modifies each [the] digital word by adding as an additional portion to such digital word the second digital word [in accordance with the present count indi-cation] provided by the providing means to provide an indication of the memory location of the previous digital word associated with the same identified source stored in such memory.
4. In combination:
(a) means for receiving a sequence of radio frequency signals from a plurality of radio frequency sources;
(b) means for measuring a plurality of parameters of each one of such received signals and for converting such para-meters into different portions of a corresponding digital [word]
word, each digital word being associated with each received signal producing a sequence of digital words corresponding to the sequence of received radio frequency signals;
(c) digital computer means for processing digital signals passed thereto; and (d) means fed by the measuring and converting means for enabling a predetermined plurality [number] of the digital words associated with each one of the plurality of radio frequency sources having the same parameter as represented by a selected one of the portions of the corresponding digital words to pass to the digital computer means and for inhibiting subsequent ones of such digital words having the same parameter as represented by the selected one of the portions of the cor-responding digital words from passing to such digital computer means.
(a) means for receiving a sequence of radio frequency signals from a plurality of radio frequency sources;
(b) means for measuring a plurality of parameters of each one of such received signals and for converting such para-meters into different portions of a corresponding digital [word]
word, each digital word being associated with each received signal producing a sequence of digital words corresponding to the sequence of received radio frequency signals;
(c) digital computer means for processing digital signals passed thereto; and (d) means fed by the measuring and converting means for enabling a predetermined plurality [number] of the digital words associated with each one of the plurality of radio frequency sources having the same parameter as represented by a selected one of the portions of the corresponding digital words to pass to the digital computer means and for inhibiting subsequent ones of such digital words having the same parameter as represented by the selected one of the portions of the cor-responding digital words from passing to such digital computer means.
5. The combination recited in claim 4 wherein the en-abling emans includes means for modifying the digital words passed to the digital computer means to enable such modified digital words to provide an indication of the location in a mem-ory included in such digital computer means of the previously stored digital word associated with such one of the radio frequency sources.
6. The combination recited in claim 5 including a memory means for storing the present count of a received signal having a particular one of the measured parameters and the number of times such received signal having such particular one of the measured parameters has been received.
7. In a radio frequency signal receiving system, the improvement comprising:
(a) means for forming a sequence of digital words in response to a corresponding sequence of received signals, such received signals being associated with a plurality of different radio frequency energy resources, each one of such digital words having a plurality of portions, each portion being associated with a corresponding one of a plurality of different character-istics of each one of the radio frequency sources, a selected one of such portions being associated with a characteristic which is different for each one of the sources;
(b) a digital memory for storing a second plurality of digital words, each one of such second plurality of digital words having: a different addressable location, each location being associated with one of the plurality of radio frequency energy sources as represented by the characteristic associated with the selected one of the portions of the digital words;
and a field representative of the number of times a digital word has been previously stored in the digital memory at the location of such one of the second plurality of stored digital words;
(c) register means for sequentially storing each one of the sequence of digital words and for coupling the sel-ected portion of the digital word stored in the register means to the digital memory to address the digital word in such me-mory having a location associated with the radio frequency energy source corresponding to the digital word stored in the register means;
(d) means, responsive to the field of an addressed digital word being read from the digital memory, for producing a control signal indicating whether the addressed digital word currently being read from the digital memory had previously been stored in such digital memory greater than or less than a pre-determined number of times;
(e) means, responsive to the control signal, for storing a digital word in the addressed location of the digital memory only if the control signal indicates that the digital word currently being addressed and read from the digital memory had been previously stored in such memory less than the predetermined number of times, the digital word being stored in the digital memory having the field of the digital word currently being read from the memory incremented; and (f) gating means, fed by the register means and re-sponsive to control signal, for enabling the digital word cur-rently fed to such gating means to pass to a digital computer only if the field of the addressed digital word currently being read from the digital memory indicates that a digital word had been stored in the digital memory at the location of the ad-dressed digital word less than the predetermined number of times to enable only a predetermined number of digital words assocated with each one of the radio frequency energy sources to pass to the digital computer and to inhibit all subsequent digital words associated with such one of the radio frequency energy sources from passing to such digital computer.
(a) means for forming a sequence of digital words in response to a corresponding sequence of received signals, such received signals being associated with a plurality of different radio frequency energy resources, each one of such digital words having a plurality of portions, each portion being associated with a corresponding one of a plurality of different character-istics of each one of the radio frequency sources, a selected one of such portions being associated with a characteristic which is different for each one of the sources;
(b) a digital memory for storing a second plurality of digital words, each one of such second plurality of digital words having: a different addressable location, each location being associated with one of the plurality of radio frequency energy sources as represented by the characteristic associated with the selected one of the portions of the digital words;
and a field representative of the number of times a digital word has been previously stored in the digital memory at the location of such one of the second plurality of stored digital words;
(c) register means for sequentially storing each one of the sequence of digital words and for coupling the sel-ected portion of the digital word stored in the register means to the digital memory to address the digital word in such me-mory having a location associated with the radio frequency energy source corresponding to the digital word stored in the register means;
(d) means, responsive to the field of an addressed digital word being read from the digital memory, for producing a control signal indicating whether the addressed digital word currently being read from the digital memory had previously been stored in such digital memory greater than or less than a pre-determined number of times;
(e) means, responsive to the control signal, for storing a digital word in the addressed location of the digital memory only if the control signal indicates that the digital word currently being addressed and read from the digital memory had been previously stored in such memory less than the predetermined number of times, the digital word being stored in the digital memory having the field of the digital word currently being read from the memory incremented; and (f) gating means, fed by the register means and re-sponsive to control signal, for enabling the digital word cur-rently fed to such gating means to pass to a digital computer only if the field of the addressed digital word currently being read from the digital memory indicates that a digital word had been stored in the digital memory at the location of the ad-dressed digital word less than the predetermined number of times to enable only a predetermined number of digital words assocated with each one of the radio frequency energy sources to pass to the digital computer and to inhibit all subsequent digital words associated with such one of the radio frequency energy sources from passing to such digital computer.
8. The system recited in claim 7 wherein:
the output of the gating means is coupled to a second digital memory included in the digital computer; each one of the second digital words stored in the firstmentioned digital memory includes a second field representative of the number in the se-quence of the digital words previously passed to the computer of a digital word associated with the same source as the source as-sociated with the location of such one of the second digital words and wherein the system includes:
means for coupling the second field of each addressed one of the second digital words to the register means to modify each digital word stored in the register means by adding to such digital word the second field, such second field providing an indication of the location in the digital computer memory of a previously stored digital word associated with the same radio frequency energy source.
the output of the gating means is coupled to a second digital memory included in the digital computer; each one of the second digital words stored in the firstmentioned digital memory includes a second field representative of the number in the se-quence of the digital words previously passed to the computer of a digital word associated with the same source as the source as-sociated with the location of such one of the second digital words and wherein the system includes:
means for coupling the second field of each addressed one of the second digital words to the register means to modify each digital word stored in the register means by adding to such digital word the second field, such second field providing an indication of the location in the digital computer memory of a previously stored digital word associated with the same radio frequency energy source.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000299049A CA1121036A (en) | 1978-03-16 | 1978-03-16 | Electronic countermeasure system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000299049A CA1121036A (en) | 1978-03-16 | 1978-03-16 | Electronic countermeasure system |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1121036A true CA1121036A (en) | 1982-03-30 |
Family
ID=4111008
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000299049A Expired CA1121036A (en) | 1978-03-16 | 1978-03-16 | Electronic countermeasure system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4879561A (en) * | 1988-02-04 | 1989-11-07 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada | Filter system for radar applications |
| CN115428049A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2022-12-02 | 艾利丹尼森零售信息服务有限公司 | Performance Convergence of Radio Frequency Identification Devices in Electronic Article Surveillance Systems |
-
1978
- 1978-03-16 CA CA000299049A patent/CA1121036A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4879561A (en) * | 1988-02-04 | 1989-11-07 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada | Filter system for radar applications |
| CN115428049A (en) * | 2020-02-25 | 2022-12-02 | 艾利丹尼森零售信息服务有限公司 | Performance Convergence of Radio Frequency Identification Devices in Electronic Article Surveillance Systems |
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