CA1120812A - Scavenge device for anaesthesia - Google Patents
Scavenge device for anaesthesiaInfo
- Publication number
- CA1120812A CA1120812A CA000300516A CA300516A CA1120812A CA 1120812 A CA1120812 A CA 1120812A CA 000300516 A CA000300516 A CA 000300516A CA 300516 A CA300516 A CA 300516A CA 1120812 A CA1120812 A CA 1120812A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- outlet
- exhaust system
- port
- waste gases
- Prior art date
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Apparatus is provided for use in collecting both excess anaesthetic gas and exhalation from the patient.
In use the apparatus includes a T-piece, an exhaust system receiving waste gases from the T-piece, and a chamber attached to the exhaust system to provide space for containing exhalation pulses. An outlet port in the chamber is adapted to be attached to a continuous vacuum source for removing the waste gases from the chamber.
Apparatus is provided for use in collecting both excess anaesthetic gas and exhalation from the patient.
In use the apparatus includes a T-piece, an exhaust system receiving waste gases from the T-piece, and a chamber attached to the exhaust system to provide space for containing exhalation pulses. An outlet port in the chamber is adapted to be attached to a continuous vacuum source for removing the waste gases from the chamber.
Description
Ol~lZ
This invention relates to apparatus for col]ecting both excess anaesthetic gas and exhalation from a patient and for directing these waste gases out of the operating room environment.
Modern operating rooms are equipped to supply anaesthetic gas to a patient using apparatus which is placed in communication with the patient's airway. Suc~ e~uipment has designed to meet a number of desirable characteristics.
These include simplicity of design which is generally inter-preted to mean that the equipment should have few if anymoving parts such as valves. It is also desirable that the equipment should permit an anaesthetist attending the patient to assist respiration instantaneously in the event that the patient does not breathe.
A number of different approaches have been taken to satisfy these design requirements and one of the most successful is known as an ~Ayres T-piece". This structure has no moving parts and simply stated supplies a continuous flow of anaesthetic gas sufficient to permit the patient to inhale the gas whenever required. A common and widely used modification is known as a "Jackson-Rees modification" and this includes tubing attached to the Ayres T-piece and leading to a bellows which can be used by the anaesthetist to assist respiration.
Recently a further criterion has been added to the design requirements for anaesthetic equipment. It is now considered important to evacuate waste gases which include a high percentage of anaesthetic gas away from the operating room environment. There have been reports of probable toxicity associated with chronic exposure to anaesthetic gases and there have been well documented reports of impairment of both
This invention relates to apparatus for col]ecting both excess anaesthetic gas and exhalation from a patient and for directing these waste gases out of the operating room environment.
Modern operating rooms are equipped to supply anaesthetic gas to a patient using apparatus which is placed in communication with the patient's airway. Suc~ e~uipment has designed to meet a number of desirable characteristics.
These include simplicity of design which is generally inter-preted to mean that the equipment should have few if anymoving parts such as valves. It is also desirable that the equipment should permit an anaesthetist attending the patient to assist respiration instantaneously in the event that the patient does not breathe.
A number of different approaches have been taken to satisfy these design requirements and one of the most successful is known as an ~Ayres T-piece". This structure has no moving parts and simply stated supplies a continuous flow of anaesthetic gas sufficient to permit the patient to inhale the gas whenever required. A common and widely used modification is known as a "Jackson-Rees modification" and this includes tubing attached to the Ayres T-piece and leading to a bellows which can be used by the anaesthetist to assist respiration.
Recently a further criterion has been added to the design requirements for anaesthetic equipment. It is now considered important to evacuate waste gases which include a high percentage of anaesthetic gas away from the operating room environment. There have been reports of probable toxicity associated with chronic exposure to anaesthetic gases and there have been well documented reports of impairment of both
- 2 -motor and intellectual faculties following acute exposure to these gases. ~lthough conclusive evidence is not avail-able, there has been increasing awareness of these problems by medical practitioners generally. Consequently it has become most desirable to reduce possible gas contamination within the operating environment.
Gas contamination can be reduced in three ways. Firstly, by lowering the flow of anaesthetic gases and using a recirculating breathing system to lower the volume of gas wasted. Secondly, by rapid and frequent change of air in the operating room, and lastly, by local scavenging of waste gases.
The present invention is directed to the third approach. Because the Ayres T-piece has proved to be emenantly satisfactory, the present approach is directed to providing apparatus having the advantages of this structure and which also satisfies the requirement that waste gases emanating from the apparatus will be collected and directed out of the operating room.
Several embodiments of the invention are pro-vided. A first embodiment is provided for attachment to the Jackson-Rees modification; a second embodiment can be used simply with the Ayres T-piece; and third embodiment is complete.
All operate in similar fashion as will be explained. The third embodiment includes a T-piece having an inlet portion, a patient connector portion, and an outlet portion meeting at a junction so that anaesthetic gas fed continuously to the inlet portion is available to the patient through the connector portion during inhalation and so that waste gases in the form both of eXhalation through the connector portion and excess `
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anaesthetic gas leave by way of the outlet portion. An exhaust system is coupled to the outlet portion for convey-ing the waste gases away from the T-piece, the exhaust system including a flexible bellows which expands during exhalation and collapses during inhalation. The exhaust system includes an outlet from which the waste gases leave the exhaust system and means to occlude the exhaust system is provided between,the bellows and the outlet. Use of the occluding means permits pressure to be exerted by squeezing the bellows to expand the patient's lungs if required. A
chamber is also included having an inlet port, an outlet port adjacent the inlet port, and an air-bleed port remote from the inlet and outlet ports. The inlet port is coupled to the exhaust system outlet to receive the waste gases from the exhaust system and the outlet port is adapted to be coupled to an evacuation system which draws gases from the chamber continuously. Consequently during exhalation waste gas~s enter the chamber displacing air towards and out of the ; air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of positive pressure in the chamber while the waste gases are drawn out of the chamber through the exhaust port. Also, during inhalation the rest of the waste gases are drawn out of the exhaust port and air again enters the chamber through the air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of negative pressure in the chamher.
The invention will be better understood with reference to the following description which refers to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a sectional side view of equipment according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing parts in ~ 08iZ
sect:ion and ilIustrating a second embodiment of the invention;
and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of the invention.
Reference is first made to Fig. 1 which shows equipment designated generally by the numeral 20 for use in supplying anaesthetic gas received from a tube 22 to a patient 24 and for controlling excess anaesthatic gas and exhalation from the patient and directing these waste gases to an outlet tube 26.
Anaesthetic gas from inlet tube 22 is received at an inlet portion 28 of a combination T-piece and elbow 30 of a type often designated as an Ayres T-piece. This inlet portion 28 terminates at a junction with a patient connector portion 32 and an outlet portion 34. Excess anaesthetic gas and exhalation from the patient 24 constitute waste gase~s which leave the outlet portion 34 and which then enter an ex-haust system 36. Subsequently the waste gases leave the system 36 and enter a chamber 38 before finally lea~ing through the outlet tube 26 as will be described. Initially parts of the exhaust system 36 will be described in detail followed by a description of the chamber 38. Subsequently the operation of the equipment 20 will be described in detail.
The exhaust system 36 includes a connector 40 engaged on the outlet portion 34 and having an opposite end engaged in an elongated and ~lexible tube 42.
The tube 42 extends from the connector 40 to a second connector 44 which in turn terminates in a rounded - 5 - ,, 8~ 2 framework 46. This framework is contained within a flex-ible bellows 48 which tends towards a collapsed position and which is prevented from occluding the opening in the connector 44 by the rounded framework 46. This bellows 48 will expand when the patient exhales and will collapse as the patient inhales.
Waste gases collecting in the bellows 48 leave through a tubular portion 50 which can be used to occlude the exhaust system 36 as will be described. The portion 50 terminates at an opening 52 through which the gases normally pass from the exhaust system 36 into the chamber 38.
The chamber 38 includes a bag 54 of flimsy filmic material. This bag extends about the bulb 48 and connects to a coupling 56 spaced from the connector 44 by radial elements 58.
The filmic bag 54 effectively forms an inlet port for the chamber in that the bag collects waste gases from the exhaust system and guides these gases by way of the coupling 56 both to an outlet port 60 formed in the coupling 56 and attached to the tube 26 and to a flex-ible and corrugated tube 62 which contains the tube 42 of the exhaust system 36. Tube 62 terminates at a sleeve 64 which is spaced from the connector 40 by radial elements 66. The tube 62 is readily flexed but exhibits resistance to collapsing unless of course the flexing is extreme.
In use the equipment 20 shown in Fig. 1 is connected both to the inlet tube 22 and to the outlet tube 26 which would normally extend to an evacuating or vacuum system in an operating room. Bo~h the supply of anaesthetic 11;~0~12 gas through the inlet tube 22 and the vacuum source are applied continuously whereas the movement of gases within the equipment will be pulsatile in nature due to the inhalation and exhalation of the patient. Assuming that the patient is inhaling, gases entering the inlet portion 28 of the T-piece 30 will be largely inhaled by the patient.
Upon exhalation the anaesthetic gas which continue~ to flow into the T-piece together with the exhalation will form waste gases which pass into the exhaust system 36. The increased flow in this system will result in the bellows 48 expanding which serves to indicate that the patient is exhaling normally. The waste gases will proceed from the system 36 into the bag 54 of the chamber 38. The gases will then pass into the outer tube 62 while some of these gases are removed through the- outlet port 60 as a result of the application of the vacuum source to the tube 26. However the flow of waste gases during exhalation will be such that part of the outer tube 62 will be filled with the waste gas thereby displacing air through an air-bleed port formed between the radial elements 66 associated with the sleeve 64 at an end of the chamber remote from the bag 54 and outlet port 60.
As soon as the patient begins to inhale once more the flow of anaesthetic gas into the inlet portion 28 ~ of the T-piece 30 is substantially used by the patient so ; that the flow of gases through the system 36 is substant-ially reduced if not stopped. Consequently because the vacuum source is applied continuously to the tube 26 the waste gases will be removed from the chamber and air will enter by way of the air-bleed pork. It will be evident that this air-bleed port eliminates the possibility of either a positive pressure ,~".~ O
11;~()8 1~
build-up during exhalation or a negative pressure build-up duri.ng inhalation in the system. Consequently should the vacuum become excessive the patient could continue to breathe without severe impediment. Similarly if the supply of anaesthetic gas should suddenly increase in flow then this increase in flow will simply force anaesthetic gas through the system and out of the air-bleed port without applying significant increase in pressure to the patient. A further possibility is that the anaesthetic gas supply would simply stop and the vacuum source would cause a negative pressure at the patient's lungs. This possibility is prevented by using a relief valve (not shown).
In the event that the anaesthetist using the equipment finds it necessary to assist respiration due to the patient failing to inhale, then this can be achieved as follows. Firstly the bellows 48 is nipped at the portion 50 thereby discontinuing the flow of gases through the portion 50. This can be done irrespective of the bag 54 which exhibits no noticable resistance to this manipulation of the bellows 48. The bellows 48 will either be in an expanded position due to the last exhalation of the patient or will become expanded due to the input of anaesthetic gas. Next the anaesthetist squeezes the bellows 48 thereby forcing gases into the patient's lungs. Upon exhalation the anaesthetist will allo~ the gases to pass through the opening 52 and then, while the bellows is still expanded he will again occlude the portion 50 and force gases back into the patient's lungs. Continuing gas flow from the anaesthesia machine along tube 22 prevents back flow of gases down the tube so 11;~08i~
that the pressure applied by the anaesthetist is directed solely to the patient's lungs. A pressure release valve to protect against extreme pressure is sometimes included in tube 22.
It will be evident that the equipment 20 will both meet the requirements of patient safety and prevent significant introduction of anaesthetic gases into the operating room. This is achieved relatively simply without the use of expensive and troublesome valving and high resistance, and with equipment which is readily understood by an anaesthetist due to the use of a standard Ayres T-piece system and parts which resemble generally those associated with such a T-piece.
It will be evident that some of the parts can be manufactured more efficiently using plastic moulding techniques. For instance the connector 40, radial elements 66, and sleeve 64 could be formed as a single piece. Similarly the radial element 58 could be integral with the coupling 56 and connector 44. However it is important to note that 20 for the purposes of this description the radial elements 66 form part of the chamber in that air-bleed ports are defined by these elements. Similarly, passage between the bag 54 and the tube 62 is effected about the elements 58 and they consequently form part of the chamber rather than part of the exhaust system. This embodiment could well be supplied without the T-piece so that existing T-pieces would be used.
A second and less compact embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 2. However this embodiment maybe desirable in some situations.
11~081;~
As seen in Fig. 2 equipment designated generally by the numeral 68 includes a T-piece 70, which is similar to T-piece 30 (Fig. 1) and which leads waste gases to an exhaust system 72 including a bellows 74 having a tubular portion 76 for occluding flow of waste gases towards an opening at the end of the bellows. In this embodiment the end of the bellows is attached to a chamber 78 which extends between the bellows 74 and an outlet tube 80 which leads to a source of vacuum supply.
The chamber 78 includes an inlet port 82 which consists of a tubular èlement 84 to which the bellows is attached and which extends through a sleeve 86 before ending where it meets a flexible tube 88. This flexible tube terminates adjacent an outlet port 90 associated with the outlet tube 80. Consequently the inlet port directs waste gases into the chamber at a location adjacent the outlet port 90.
The flexible tube 82 is surrounded by corrugated outer tube 92 which is also flexible and which resists radial distortion. The tube extends between a blind end piece 94 which includes the outlet port 90 and an outer sleeve 96 adjacent the bellows 74 and attached to the inner sleeve 86 by radial elements 98. These elements combine with the sleeves 86, 96 to define an air-bleed port providing access for air into the chamber and allowing air to be displaced from the chamber in the manner described with reference to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
The tubular element 84 of the chamber 78 supports an end of a generally U-shaped bellows support element 100. This element includes two coplanar portions ~l~O~lZ
102, 104 which permit an anaesthetist to sqeeze the bellows adjacent these coplanar portions and to thereby occlude the passage through which waste gases pass from the exhaust system to the chamber. Furthermore the support element prevents accidental occlusion of the passage by flexing or rotation of bellows 74 at tubular portion 76.
The tubular element 84 is free to rotate in the sleeve 86 of the chamber 78 so that in the event that the chamber must be rotated relative to the exhaust system this rotation can be accommodated within this structure. It will be evident that the tube 88 must be quite flexible otherwise when the tube 92 is deflected into a curved position there will be a resistance as an attempt is made to rotate the tube 88 within the tube 92 due to the connection of the tube 88 to the rotatable element 84.
The Fig. 2 embodiment could be supplied with-out the T-piece and Jackson-Rees modification so that this existing equipment would be used with the other parts of the embodiment.
A third embodiment is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. In this embodiment a T-piece 106 is connected to an exhaust system 108 which includes a bellows 110 and a readily deformable tube 112 which can be closed by radial pressure to occlude flow from the exhaust system 108 to a chamber 114. This chamber has an inlet port 116, outlet port 118 and air-bleed port 120. It will be evident that this structure operates in a similar fashion to those described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 but differs in that passage of the waste gases to the chamber is prevented 30 by a tube 112 rather by a part of the bellows 110.
Gas contamination can be reduced in three ways. Firstly, by lowering the flow of anaesthetic gases and using a recirculating breathing system to lower the volume of gas wasted. Secondly, by rapid and frequent change of air in the operating room, and lastly, by local scavenging of waste gases.
The present invention is directed to the third approach. Because the Ayres T-piece has proved to be emenantly satisfactory, the present approach is directed to providing apparatus having the advantages of this structure and which also satisfies the requirement that waste gases emanating from the apparatus will be collected and directed out of the operating room.
Several embodiments of the invention are pro-vided. A first embodiment is provided for attachment to the Jackson-Rees modification; a second embodiment can be used simply with the Ayres T-piece; and third embodiment is complete.
All operate in similar fashion as will be explained. The third embodiment includes a T-piece having an inlet portion, a patient connector portion, and an outlet portion meeting at a junction so that anaesthetic gas fed continuously to the inlet portion is available to the patient through the connector portion during inhalation and so that waste gases in the form both of eXhalation through the connector portion and excess `
ll'~()l~lZ
anaesthetic gas leave by way of the outlet portion. An exhaust system is coupled to the outlet portion for convey-ing the waste gases away from the T-piece, the exhaust system including a flexible bellows which expands during exhalation and collapses during inhalation. The exhaust system includes an outlet from which the waste gases leave the exhaust system and means to occlude the exhaust system is provided between,the bellows and the outlet. Use of the occluding means permits pressure to be exerted by squeezing the bellows to expand the patient's lungs if required. A
chamber is also included having an inlet port, an outlet port adjacent the inlet port, and an air-bleed port remote from the inlet and outlet ports. The inlet port is coupled to the exhaust system outlet to receive the waste gases from the exhaust system and the outlet port is adapted to be coupled to an evacuation system which draws gases from the chamber continuously. Consequently during exhalation waste gas~s enter the chamber displacing air towards and out of the ; air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of positive pressure in the chamber while the waste gases are drawn out of the chamber through the exhaust port. Also, during inhalation the rest of the waste gases are drawn out of the exhaust port and air again enters the chamber through the air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of negative pressure in the chamher.
The invention will be better understood with reference to the following description which refers to the drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a sectional side view of equipment according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing parts in ~ 08iZ
sect:ion and ilIustrating a second embodiment of the invention;
and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a third embodiment of the invention.
Reference is first made to Fig. 1 which shows equipment designated generally by the numeral 20 for use in supplying anaesthetic gas received from a tube 22 to a patient 24 and for controlling excess anaesthatic gas and exhalation from the patient and directing these waste gases to an outlet tube 26.
Anaesthetic gas from inlet tube 22 is received at an inlet portion 28 of a combination T-piece and elbow 30 of a type often designated as an Ayres T-piece. This inlet portion 28 terminates at a junction with a patient connector portion 32 and an outlet portion 34. Excess anaesthetic gas and exhalation from the patient 24 constitute waste gase~s which leave the outlet portion 34 and which then enter an ex-haust system 36. Subsequently the waste gases leave the system 36 and enter a chamber 38 before finally lea~ing through the outlet tube 26 as will be described. Initially parts of the exhaust system 36 will be described in detail followed by a description of the chamber 38. Subsequently the operation of the equipment 20 will be described in detail.
The exhaust system 36 includes a connector 40 engaged on the outlet portion 34 and having an opposite end engaged in an elongated and ~lexible tube 42.
The tube 42 extends from the connector 40 to a second connector 44 which in turn terminates in a rounded - 5 - ,, 8~ 2 framework 46. This framework is contained within a flex-ible bellows 48 which tends towards a collapsed position and which is prevented from occluding the opening in the connector 44 by the rounded framework 46. This bellows 48 will expand when the patient exhales and will collapse as the patient inhales.
Waste gases collecting in the bellows 48 leave through a tubular portion 50 which can be used to occlude the exhaust system 36 as will be described. The portion 50 terminates at an opening 52 through which the gases normally pass from the exhaust system 36 into the chamber 38.
The chamber 38 includes a bag 54 of flimsy filmic material. This bag extends about the bulb 48 and connects to a coupling 56 spaced from the connector 44 by radial elements 58.
The filmic bag 54 effectively forms an inlet port for the chamber in that the bag collects waste gases from the exhaust system and guides these gases by way of the coupling 56 both to an outlet port 60 formed in the coupling 56 and attached to the tube 26 and to a flex-ible and corrugated tube 62 which contains the tube 42 of the exhaust system 36. Tube 62 terminates at a sleeve 64 which is spaced from the connector 40 by radial elements 66. The tube 62 is readily flexed but exhibits resistance to collapsing unless of course the flexing is extreme.
In use the equipment 20 shown in Fig. 1 is connected both to the inlet tube 22 and to the outlet tube 26 which would normally extend to an evacuating or vacuum system in an operating room. Bo~h the supply of anaesthetic 11;~0~12 gas through the inlet tube 22 and the vacuum source are applied continuously whereas the movement of gases within the equipment will be pulsatile in nature due to the inhalation and exhalation of the patient. Assuming that the patient is inhaling, gases entering the inlet portion 28 of the T-piece 30 will be largely inhaled by the patient.
Upon exhalation the anaesthetic gas which continue~ to flow into the T-piece together with the exhalation will form waste gases which pass into the exhaust system 36. The increased flow in this system will result in the bellows 48 expanding which serves to indicate that the patient is exhaling normally. The waste gases will proceed from the system 36 into the bag 54 of the chamber 38. The gases will then pass into the outer tube 62 while some of these gases are removed through the- outlet port 60 as a result of the application of the vacuum source to the tube 26. However the flow of waste gases during exhalation will be such that part of the outer tube 62 will be filled with the waste gas thereby displacing air through an air-bleed port formed between the radial elements 66 associated with the sleeve 64 at an end of the chamber remote from the bag 54 and outlet port 60.
As soon as the patient begins to inhale once more the flow of anaesthetic gas into the inlet portion 28 ~ of the T-piece 30 is substantially used by the patient so ; that the flow of gases through the system 36 is substant-ially reduced if not stopped. Consequently because the vacuum source is applied continuously to the tube 26 the waste gases will be removed from the chamber and air will enter by way of the air-bleed pork. It will be evident that this air-bleed port eliminates the possibility of either a positive pressure ,~".~ O
11;~()8 1~
build-up during exhalation or a negative pressure build-up duri.ng inhalation in the system. Consequently should the vacuum become excessive the patient could continue to breathe without severe impediment. Similarly if the supply of anaesthetic gas should suddenly increase in flow then this increase in flow will simply force anaesthetic gas through the system and out of the air-bleed port without applying significant increase in pressure to the patient. A further possibility is that the anaesthetic gas supply would simply stop and the vacuum source would cause a negative pressure at the patient's lungs. This possibility is prevented by using a relief valve (not shown).
In the event that the anaesthetist using the equipment finds it necessary to assist respiration due to the patient failing to inhale, then this can be achieved as follows. Firstly the bellows 48 is nipped at the portion 50 thereby discontinuing the flow of gases through the portion 50. This can be done irrespective of the bag 54 which exhibits no noticable resistance to this manipulation of the bellows 48. The bellows 48 will either be in an expanded position due to the last exhalation of the patient or will become expanded due to the input of anaesthetic gas. Next the anaesthetist squeezes the bellows 48 thereby forcing gases into the patient's lungs. Upon exhalation the anaesthetist will allo~ the gases to pass through the opening 52 and then, while the bellows is still expanded he will again occlude the portion 50 and force gases back into the patient's lungs. Continuing gas flow from the anaesthesia machine along tube 22 prevents back flow of gases down the tube so 11;~08i~
that the pressure applied by the anaesthetist is directed solely to the patient's lungs. A pressure release valve to protect against extreme pressure is sometimes included in tube 22.
It will be evident that the equipment 20 will both meet the requirements of patient safety and prevent significant introduction of anaesthetic gases into the operating room. This is achieved relatively simply without the use of expensive and troublesome valving and high resistance, and with equipment which is readily understood by an anaesthetist due to the use of a standard Ayres T-piece system and parts which resemble generally those associated with such a T-piece.
It will be evident that some of the parts can be manufactured more efficiently using plastic moulding techniques. For instance the connector 40, radial elements 66, and sleeve 64 could be formed as a single piece. Similarly the radial element 58 could be integral with the coupling 56 and connector 44. However it is important to note that 20 for the purposes of this description the radial elements 66 form part of the chamber in that air-bleed ports are defined by these elements. Similarly, passage between the bag 54 and the tube 62 is effected about the elements 58 and they consequently form part of the chamber rather than part of the exhaust system. This embodiment could well be supplied without the T-piece so that existing T-pieces would be used.
A second and less compact embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 2. However this embodiment maybe desirable in some situations.
11~081;~
As seen in Fig. 2 equipment designated generally by the numeral 68 includes a T-piece 70, which is similar to T-piece 30 (Fig. 1) and which leads waste gases to an exhaust system 72 including a bellows 74 having a tubular portion 76 for occluding flow of waste gases towards an opening at the end of the bellows. In this embodiment the end of the bellows is attached to a chamber 78 which extends between the bellows 74 and an outlet tube 80 which leads to a source of vacuum supply.
The chamber 78 includes an inlet port 82 which consists of a tubular èlement 84 to which the bellows is attached and which extends through a sleeve 86 before ending where it meets a flexible tube 88. This flexible tube terminates adjacent an outlet port 90 associated with the outlet tube 80. Consequently the inlet port directs waste gases into the chamber at a location adjacent the outlet port 90.
The flexible tube 82 is surrounded by corrugated outer tube 92 which is also flexible and which resists radial distortion. The tube extends between a blind end piece 94 which includes the outlet port 90 and an outer sleeve 96 adjacent the bellows 74 and attached to the inner sleeve 86 by radial elements 98. These elements combine with the sleeves 86, 96 to define an air-bleed port providing access for air into the chamber and allowing air to be displaced from the chamber in the manner described with reference to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
The tubular element 84 of the chamber 78 supports an end of a generally U-shaped bellows support element 100. This element includes two coplanar portions ~l~O~lZ
102, 104 which permit an anaesthetist to sqeeze the bellows adjacent these coplanar portions and to thereby occlude the passage through which waste gases pass from the exhaust system to the chamber. Furthermore the support element prevents accidental occlusion of the passage by flexing or rotation of bellows 74 at tubular portion 76.
The tubular element 84 is free to rotate in the sleeve 86 of the chamber 78 so that in the event that the chamber must be rotated relative to the exhaust system this rotation can be accommodated within this structure. It will be evident that the tube 88 must be quite flexible otherwise when the tube 92 is deflected into a curved position there will be a resistance as an attempt is made to rotate the tube 88 within the tube 92 due to the connection of the tube 88 to the rotatable element 84.
The Fig. 2 embodiment could be supplied with-out the T-piece and Jackson-Rees modification so that this existing equipment would be used with the other parts of the embodiment.
A third embodiment is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. In this embodiment a T-piece 106 is connected to an exhaust system 108 which includes a bellows 110 and a readily deformable tube 112 which can be closed by radial pressure to occlude flow from the exhaust system 108 to a chamber 114. This chamber has an inlet port 116, outlet port 118 and air-bleed port 120. It will be evident that this structure operates in a similar fashion to those described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 but differs in that passage of the waste gases to the chamber is prevented 30 by a tube 112 rather by a part of the bellows 110.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for use in collecting both excess anaesthetic gas and exhalation from a patient, the apparatus comprising:
a T piece having an inlet portion, a patient connector portion and an outlet portion all meeting at a junction so that anaesthetic gas fed continuously to the inlet portion is available to the patient through the connector portion during inhalation and so that waste gases made up of exhalation through the connector portion and excess anaesthetic gas leave by way of the outlet portion;
an exhaust system coupled to the outlet portion for conveying the waste gases away from the T-piece, the exhaust system including a bellows which expands during exhalation and which collapses during inhalation, an outlet from which the waste gases leave the exhaust system, and means adapted to occlude the exhaust system between the bellows and the outlet so that a pressure can be exerted by squeezing the bellows to expand the patient's lungs; and a chamber having an inlet port, an outlet port adjacent the inlet port, and an air-bleed port remote from the inlet and outlet ports, the inlet port being coupled to the exhaust system outlet to receive the waste gases from the exhaust system and the outlet port being adapted to be coupled to an evacuation system which draws gases from the chamber continuously whereby during exhalation waste gases enter the chamber displacing air towards and out of the air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of positive pressure in the chamber while the waste gases are drawn out of the chamber through the exhaust port, and whereby during inhal-ation the rest of the waste gases are drawn out of the exhaust port and air again enters the chamber through the air-bleed port to prevent the build-up of negative pressure in the chamber.
a T piece having an inlet portion, a patient connector portion and an outlet portion all meeting at a junction so that anaesthetic gas fed continuously to the inlet portion is available to the patient through the connector portion during inhalation and so that waste gases made up of exhalation through the connector portion and excess anaesthetic gas leave by way of the outlet portion;
an exhaust system coupled to the outlet portion for conveying the waste gases away from the T-piece, the exhaust system including a bellows which expands during exhalation and which collapses during inhalation, an outlet from which the waste gases leave the exhaust system, and means adapted to occlude the exhaust system between the bellows and the outlet so that a pressure can be exerted by squeezing the bellows to expand the patient's lungs; and a chamber having an inlet port, an outlet port adjacent the inlet port, and an air-bleed port remote from the inlet and outlet ports, the inlet port being coupled to the exhaust system outlet to receive the waste gases from the exhaust system and the outlet port being adapted to be coupled to an evacuation system which draws gases from the chamber continuously whereby during exhalation waste gases enter the chamber displacing air towards and out of the air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of positive pressure in the chamber while the waste gases are drawn out of the chamber through the exhaust port, and whereby during inhal-ation the rest of the waste gases are drawn out of the exhaust port and air again enters the chamber through the air-bleed port to prevent the build-up of negative pressure in the chamber.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 in which the exhaust system occluding means consists of a flexible tubular extension of the bellows, and in which the exhaust system outlet is defined by the outer end of this tubular extension.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the chamber includes a rigid supporting element extending into the flexible tubular extension of the bellows to prevent accidental collapsing of the tubular extension.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 in which the chamber inlet port includes a rotatable coupling to permit relative rotation between the exhaust system and the chamber.
5. For use with apparatus including a T-piece having an inlet portion, a patient connector portion and an outlet portion all meeting at a junction so that anaesthetic gas fed continuously to the inlet portion is available to the patient through the connector portion during inhalation and so that waste gases made up of exhalation through the connector portion and excess anaesthetic gas leave by way of the outlet portion:
an exhaust system adapted to be coupled to the outlet portion for conveying the waste gases away from the T-piece, the exhaust system including a bellows which expands during exhalation and which collapses during inhalation, an outlet from which the waste gases leave the exhaust system, and means adapted to occlude the exhaust system between the bellows and the outlet so that a pressure can be exerted by squeezing the bellows to expand the patient's lungs; and a chamber having an inlet port, an outlet port adjacent the inlet port, and an air-bleed port remote from the inlet and outlet ports, the inlet port being coupled to the exhaust system outlet to receive the waste gases from the exhaust system and the outlet port being adapted to be coupled to an evacuation system which draws gases from the chamber continuously whereby during exhalation waste gases enter the chamber displacing air towards and out of the air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of positive pressure in the chamber while the waste gases are drawn out of the chamber through the exhaust port, and whereby during inhal-ation the rest of the waste gases are drawn out of the exhaust port and air again enters the chamber through the air-bleed port to prevent the build-up of negative pressure in the chamber.
an exhaust system adapted to be coupled to the outlet portion for conveying the waste gases away from the T-piece, the exhaust system including a bellows which expands during exhalation and which collapses during inhalation, an outlet from which the waste gases leave the exhaust system, and means adapted to occlude the exhaust system between the bellows and the outlet so that a pressure can be exerted by squeezing the bellows to expand the patient's lungs; and a chamber having an inlet port, an outlet port adjacent the inlet port, and an air-bleed port remote from the inlet and outlet ports, the inlet port being coupled to the exhaust system outlet to receive the waste gases from the exhaust system and the outlet port being adapted to be coupled to an evacuation system which draws gases from the chamber continuously whereby during exhalation waste gases enter the chamber displacing air towards and out of the air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of positive pressure in the chamber while the waste gases are drawn out of the chamber through the exhaust port, and whereby during inhal-ation the rest of the waste gases are drawn out of the exhaust port and air again enters the chamber through the air-bleed port to prevent the build-up of negative pressure in the chamber.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 5 in which the exhaust system occluding means consists of a flexible tubular extension of the bellows, and in which the exhaust system outlet is defined by the outer end of this tubular extension.
7 . For use with apparatus including a T-piece having an inlet portion, a patient connector portion and an outlet portion all meeting at a junction so that anaesthetic gas fed continuously to the inlet portion is available to the patient through the connector portion during inhalation and so that waste gases made up of exhalation through the connector portion and excess anaesthetic gas leave by way of the outlet portion, and an exhaust system coupled to the outlet portion for conveying the waste gases away from the T-piece, the exhaust system including a bellows which expands during exhalation and which collapses during inhalation, an outlet from which the waste gases leave the exhaust system, and means adapted to occlude the exhaust system between the bellows and the outlet so that a pressure can be exterted by squeezing the bellows to expand the patient's lungs:
a chamber having an inlet port, an outlet port adjacent the inlet port, and an air-bleed port remote from the inlet and outlet ports, the inlet port being coupled to the exhaust system outlet to receive the waste gases from the exhaust system and the outlet port being adapted to be coupled to an evacuation system which draws gases from the chamber continuously whereby during exhalation waste gases enter the chamber displacing air towards and out of the air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of positive pressure in the chamber while the waste gases are drawn out of the chamber through the exhaust port, and whereby during inhalation the rest of the waste gases are drawn out of the exhaust port and air again enters the chamber through the air-bleed port to prevent the build-up of negative pressure in the chamber.
a chamber having an inlet port, an outlet port adjacent the inlet port, and an air-bleed port remote from the inlet and outlet ports, the inlet port being coupled to the exhaust system outlet to receive the waste gases from the exhaust system and the outlet port being adapted to be coupled to an evacuation system which draws gases from the chamber continuously whereby during exhalation waste gases enter the chamber displacing air towards and out of the air-bleed port to prevent a build-up of positive pressure in the chamber while the waste gases are drawn out of the chamber through the exhaust port, and whereby during inhalation the rest of the waste gases are drawn out of the exhaust port and air again enters the chamber through the air-bleed port to prevent the build-up of negative pressure in the chamber.
8 . Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 in which the chamber includes a rigid supporting element extending into the flexible tubular extension of the bellows to prevent accidental collapsing of the tubular extension.
9 . Apparatus as claimed in claim 8 in which the chamber inlet port includes a rotatable coupling to permit relative rotation between the exhaust system and the chamber.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000300516A CA1120812A (en) | 1978-04-05 | 1978-04-05 | Scavenge device for anaesthesia |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000300516A CA1120812A (en) | 1978-04-05 | 1978-04-05 | Scavenge device for anaesthesia |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1120812A true CA1120812A (en) | 1982-03-30 |
Family
ID=4111163
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000300516A Expired CA1120812A (en) | 1978-04-05 | 1978-04-05 | Scavenge device for anaesthesia |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1120812A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-04-05 CA CA000300516A patent/CA1120812A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |