CA1120709A - Pedal teaching aid for an electronic musical instrument - Google Patents
Pedal teaching aid for an electronic musical instrumentInfo
- Publication number
- CA1120709A CA1120709A CA000304014A CA304014A CA1120709A CA 1120709 A CA1120709 A CA 1120709A CA 000304014 A CA000304014 A CA 000304014A CA 304014 A CA304014 A CA 304014A CA 1120709 A CA1120709 A CA 1120709A
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- note
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Abstract
PEDAL TEACHING AID FOR AN ELECTRONIC
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
ABSTRACT
A pedal teaching system for an electronic musical instrument, specifically an electronic organ. In the rehearse mode of operation the system rhythmically energizes selected ones of a plurality of lights mounted above the pedal clavier to illustrate which pedals form a bass note accompaniment routine for a specific group of keys depressed by the organist and automatically sounds the bass note routine. In the perform mode of operation the system rhythmically energizes selected ones of the plurality of lights to illustrate which pedals form the bass note accompani-ment routine and disables the automatic bass note musical output routine so that the organist must physically depress the actual pedals to provide the bass note accompaniment. In a non-rhythmic or static rehearse mode of operation the system illuminates the root bass pedal light corresponding to the chord played on the organ or the bass pedal light corresponding to the lowest frequency being depressed on the organ; and, automatically sounds the appropriate bass note. In a non-rhythmic or static perform mode the system only illuminates the appropriate pedal light.
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT
ABSTRACT
A pedal teaching system for an electronic musical instrument, specifically an electronic organ. In the rehearse mode of operation the system rhythmically energizes selected ones of a plurality of lights mounted above the pedal clavier to illustrate which pedals form a bass note accompaniment routine for a specific group of keys depressed by the organist and automatically sounds the bass note routine. In the perform mode of operation the system rhythmically energizes selected ones of the plurality of lights to illustrate which pedals form the bass note accompani-ment routine and disables the automatic bass note musical output routine so that the organist must physically depress the actual pedals to provide the bass note accompaniment. In a non-rhythmic or static rehearse mode of operation the system illuminates the root bass pedal light corresponding to the chord played on the organ or the bass pedal light corresponding to the lowest frequency being depressed on the organ; and, automatically sounds the appropriate bass note. In a non-rhythmic or static perform mode the system only illuminates the appropriate pedal light.
Description
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BAC~GP~O~ND OF THE I~VEI~TION
FIELD OF THE I~'VENTIO~I
The present invention is a pedal indicator and teaching system for an electronic musical instrument, specifically an electronic orsan. In playing the electronic organ, it is cor~mon for the organist to play the melody with the right hand, the chord accompaniment with the left hand anà the bass acccmpaniment with the left foot on the pedal clavier. The left hand chording is usually played at a different rhythm. It is difficult for the beginning organist to develop the dexterity and timins necessary to physically play the bass note accompaniment on the pedal clavier or to know which pedals form a suitable bass accompaniment routine for a particular combination of keys or chords played with the left hand. In addition, for the beginning organist, it is difficult to associate the chord played by the left hand to the bass root pedal of the pedal clavier corresponding to that ehord.
The system visually indicates a bass note routine fGr accompanying a group of keys depressed by an instrument player by energizing selected ones of a plurality of lights mounted above the pedal clavier. The system also has the eapability for automatically providing a musical bass note ~ aecompaniment output to eomplement the visual display. The instrument player seleets whether the system operates with the audio and visual display or only the visual display.
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The system also has a selectable non-rhythmic mode in ~Jhich it illuminates either the root bass note pedal light in response to a chord played by the orsanist, or the lo~est bass note pedal light corresponding to the keys actually depressed.
The ir.strument player selects ~7hether the system sounds the single bass note or only illuminates the pedal li.ght. Thus the system per~.its the organist to learn the association between the chorcs played and the bass note accompaniment routine or the association between the chord played and the root bass note.
~ hile the present invention is described herein ~Jith reference to particular embodiments, it should be uncerstood that the invention is not limited thereto.
The pedal teaching and indicating system of the present lnvention may be employec. in a variety of forms, as one skilled in the art ~ill recognize in light of the present disclosure.
PP~IOR ~RT
Teaching aids or systems for electronic organs which assist the instrument player in learning the musical relationship between the keys and the pedals and in developing the necessary hand and foot coordination and timing are well-kno-7n in the prior art. Some of these systems use lisht cisplays in association with the keyboard or pedal clavier to visually aid the organist in developing the appropriate playing skills.
Teaching systems in co~on use frequently rely upon preprogram~ed data from a tape or other source separate from the organ to provide information for controllins the light displays or other visual indicia.
In these systems the actual physical relationship between the left hand chord playing and the left foot bass note accompaniment is diluted and impaired. Frequently a beginning organist may be an accomplished keyboarc musical artist such as a pianist, and fundamental instruction regarding the playing on a keyboard is unnecessary. However, the correlation between the keyboard playins and the playing of a bass note accompaniment routine on the pedal clavier has no counterpart in other instruments and must be mastered by every organist.
It is a general object of this invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior pedal teaching systems.
An object of this invention is to provide a teaching aid to illustrate on a light panel positioned above the pedal clavier a bass note pedal routine for accompanying a chord or group of keys played.
Another object of this invention is to provide a teaching aid to visually illustrate to the organist a bass note pedal routine for accompanying a chord or group of keys played and simultaneously to audibly illustrate the sound of the proper bass notes.
Another object of this invention is to provide a teaching aid to illustrate to the organist the root note pedal associated with a chord.
Another object of this invention is to provide a teaching aid to visually indicate tG the organist the root note of a chord and to audibly illustrate the sound of the root note.
Another object of this invention is to provide a system for reducing a number of circuit lines necessary for uniquely driving one of a plurality of indicator devices in response to octavely related input data.
Another object of this invention is to provide a system responsive to octavely related input data in which the number of drivable indicator devices is easily expanded or reduced.
Other objects will be apparent from the summary and detailed description.
~1~071~
SUh~ARY OF THE INVENTION
A pedal teaching aid and illumination system indicates which pedals form a bass note accompaniment routine for a specific group of keys depressed by the organist. The pedal illumination system comprises a sequence or panel of lights positioned slightly above the pedal clavier and cooperates with the Bass Note Generation System set forth in the United States Patent Serial No. 4,1'14,788 of Bione et al, issued March 20, 1979. In the preferred embodiment, the pedal illumination system operates with the root/fifth or low-high routine of the Bass Note Generation System since the walking bassline or scanned bassline form a complicated bass note pattern making the visual identification of pedal corresponding to the bass notes difficult to follow. However, it should be apparent that these more complicated basslines, if desired, can be illustrate~
by the pedal system as would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
The switch mounted on the organ console which activates the pedal teaching system also places the Bass Note Generation System in the root/fifth mode of operation.
The input data received by the Bass Note Generation System from a select number of keys on the organ keyboard is processed to determine if it is in a normalized chord pattern and, if so, a bass note value corresponding to the root note of the chord and a bass note value corresponding to the fifth of the chord are applied at appropriate times to a decoder-keyer - ~ . ~. , , ~ ., .
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circuit to provide a musical output. If the system fails to recognize the input data as a normalized chord pattern, a bass note value corresponding to the lowest note key ~epressed by the organist and a bass note value corresponding to the hishest note key depressed by the organist are applied at appropriate times to a decoder-keyer circuit to pro~ide a musical output~
The pedal teaching system has two major modes of operation which are selectable by the instrument player by closing the rehearse/perform switch on the instrument console.
The rehearse~perform switch of the teaching system is connected to the output line of the pedal-walk switch of the Bass Note Generation System. Thus, the instrument player by placing the rehearse-perform swltch in the perform position also places the Bass Note Generation System in the pedal mode. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill that a single switch can perform both for the Bass Note Generation System and the teaching system or independent switches can be provided. In the rehearse mode of operation, the pedal teaching system receives serial bass note data from the digital bass note value generator and rhythmically indicates by energizing appropriate ones of a plurality of lights mounted above the pedal clavier which pedals form a bass note accompaniment routine for the chord played by the organist. The decoder-keyer circuit of the Bass Note Generation System also receives the serial bass note data and provides a musical bass note 3L~2~
routine output in unison with the light display. Thus, the instrument player depresses a chord key combination on the manual and hears the accom~animent root/fifth bass note output routine and sees the correct pedals illuminated in the proper timins se~uencing.
In the perform mode of operation, the Bass ~ote Generation System is placed in the high select pedal mode by closing the switch P/W on the instrument console. The instrument player depresses a key combi-nation on the manual and the serial bass note value datacorresponding to the accompaniment root/fifth routine is received by the pedal teaching system which indicates by energizing appropriate ones of the plurality of lights which pedals form a bass note accompaniment routine for the chord played. However, the decoder-keyer circuit is responsive to only the manual pedal inputs and does not provide a musical output routine in response to the serial bass note value data. Thus, the instrument player depresses a chord key combination on the manual and the pedal system illuminates the pedals to be depressed for providing an accompaniment root/fifth output routine but the organist must actually depress the pedals themselves to provide the musical output.
Of course, if the organist depresses a group of keys on the manual that do not form a recognizable chord pattern, the digital bass note value generator provides a lo~-high note output routine and the pedal indicator 20qo9 operates as e~pl2ined above. Therefore, whenever the root/fifth routine is specifically referred to in the specification the same type operation occurs in the low-high routine when the group of depressed k.eys are not recognized as a chord pattern.
The instrument player can disable the te~po cloc~ or timins input to the Bass Note Generation System by closing a switch on the instrument console. The pedal teaching system now becomes a static or non-rythmic system. In the static rehearse mode of operation the pedal system receives the digital bass note value representing the root of the chord played by the organist and illuminates the root bass light corresponding to the chord and the decoder-keyer circuit automatically sounds the root bass note. In the static perform mode of operation the pedal system again receives the disital bass note value representing the root of the chord played by the organist and illuminates the root bass pedal light corresponding to the chord. However, the decoder keyer circuit does not respond to the bass note value data when the teaching system is in the perform mode of operation but only the manual peAal inputs so that the organist must physically depress the pedal to provide the musical root bass note output.
The serial digital note value information and the enable signal from the bass note value generator of the Bass Note Generation System is received by a series to parallel con-verter of the pedal teaching system. The serial data ~ ' ~ ' . `
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is converted into a five bit digital value. The binary bit ~ line and bit 8 line and bit 16 line are supplied as inputs to a group decoder circuit and the binary bit 2 line and binary bit 1 line are applied as inputs to an individual decoder circuit. The bit 16 line is connected to the enable input of group decoder and the pedal indicator switch is connected through an inverter to the enable input of individual decoder. The group decoder has a plurality of output lines representing that the digital value of the input signal is in one of five numerical groups. The individual decoder has a plurality of output lines representing that the digital value of the input signal is among one of four numerical groups. Each output of the group decoder is applied to a driver and each output of the individual decoder is applied to a driver. The output of each group driver is connected to the anode of a bank of light emitting diodes or LED's and the cathode of each LED in that group is connected to a respective one of the individual driver outputs. The output of one group driver and one individual driver uniquely operates a single LED. The LED's are the light sources mounted on the panel above the pedal clavier. Thus, a plurality of LED or other loads can be individually energized by a substantially smaller number of input lines. The decoder system uniquely operates with octavely related information to permit expansion or contraction of the number of load devices upon receipt of additional octave data, ~L~Z~7~9 The pedal teaching system is described with twenty light sources for clarity since the bass note value data from the sass Note Generation System has a twenty note range.
However, in the preferred embodiment, the pedal teaching system is associated with a standard spinet organ which has only thirteen pedals and, therefore, uses only one octave or twelve bass notes and the output of the decoder-keyer circuit is appropriately restricted to one octave. Therefore, the bass note value data exceeding the playing range of the spinet organ is folded back into the proper frequency range ~y straping appropriate outputs of the group decoder to the outputs representing lower frequency range outputs. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the pedal teaching system can be expanded or increased to include the larger pedal clavier of a console organ.
According to a broad aspect of the invention there is provided an electronic organ having a keyboard, a pedal clavier, a generator responsive to said keyboard for providing data representative of a bass note routine and a pedal indicator system positioned in proximity to said pedal clavier and comprising: a converter responsive to said bass note routine data for providing a plurality of binary output signals; a decoder circuit responsive to said binary output signals and having a plurality of decoder output lines and comprising;
an individual decoder circuit responsive to the two least significant bits of said binary output signals and having a plurality of individual decoder output lines; and said individual decoder providing a signal on one of said plurality of decoder output lines representative of the binary value of said two least significant bits of said binary output .... .
l`~t~ ;~ -10-signals; at least one group decoder circuit responsive to the remainder of said binary output signals and having a plurality of group decoder output lines; said group decoder circuit providing a signal on one of said plurality of group decoder output lines representative of the binary value of the remainder of said binary output signals; light means comprising a plurality of banks of light sources and each of said banks having a plurality of light sources and said light means being connected to said decoder output lines; each of said individual decoder output lines from said individual decoder are connected in circuit to one of sa.id light sources in each of said banks; and each of said group output lines from said group decoder are connected in circuit to all of said light sources in respective ones of said banks; said bass note routine data contains octavely related information corresponding to a number of keys on said keyboard; said decoder circuit providing an output signal on at least one of said output lines to uniquely drive at least one of said plurality of light sources; and an octave limiter means connected in circuit to at least some of said group decoder output lines for folding back octavely related data exceeding ~:
the octave capacity of said light means into a lower octave range.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a block diagram of the pedal indicator system in circuit connection with the Bass Note Generation System; and, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pedal indicator system of the present invention.
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DETAIL DESCRIPTION
~ IG. 1 illustrates in block diagrams, the pedal teaching system of the present invention connected in circuit with the Bass Note Generation System of the above mentioned United States Patent Serial No. 4,144,788. The operation of the specific Bass Note Generation System is described hereinafter.
However, it should be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that the input signals to the pedal indication system could be supplied by any well-kno~rn circuit capable of providing an enable signal tollowed by serial digital signals representing a musical baseline or bass note output routine.
The Bass Note Generation System has four modes of operation providing distinct types of musical bass note output routines. In the first mode of operation, the Bass Note Genera~ion System provides a precomposed or preprogrammed musical bassline output depending upon the type of recognizable musical chord played by the organist, the alphabetic note or tonic note of the chord and the tim ng of a beat or measure counter. The precomposed or programmed bassline output may ~0 be modified by the instrument player selecting one of a plurality of rhythm patterns which are referred to hereinafter as bass rhytnm patternsby closing a switch or tab on the instrument console. In the second mode of operation, the Bass Note Generation System provides a root/fifth output routine~ depending upon the alphabetic or tonic note of a recognizable chord played by the organist and the timing of a beat of measure counter. The roottfifth bass note output routine may also be modified by the instrument player selecting one of a plurality of bass rhythm patterns by closing a ~ 0~(~9 switch on the instrument console. In the third mode of operation, the Bass Note Generation System is unable to identify the key combination depressed by the instrument player as a recognizable chord pattern and provides a scanned bassline musical output in accord with a fixed routine and with notes selected directly from the sequence of keys depressed by the instrument player. The scanned bassline musical output may also be modified by the instrument player selecting one of a plurality of bass rhythm patterns by closing a switch or tab on the instrument console. In the fourth mode of operation, the Bass Note Generation System fails to identify the key combination depressed by the instrument player as a recognizable chord pattern and provides a low-high output routine selected directly from the sequence of keys depressed by the instrument player. The low-high musical output routine may also be modified by the instrument player selecting one of a plurality of bass rhythm patterns by closing a switch or tab on the instrument console. In addition, the instrument player can directly select the scanned bassline or low-high modes of operation regardless of whether the keys depressed form a recognizable chord pattern by closing a switch or tab on the instrument console.
A selected number of keys from the chord section of an organ keyboard or manual 12 are connected via their respective keying lines to the data input lines for the Bass Note Generation System. As an option, the input to the system may be fxom a one finger chording system 16 which are well-known in the art. The input data lines are received by 37~9 a shift register in the chord recognition portion of the digital bass note value generator 14. The sequence or pattern of all received data lines are compared to a programmed logic array to determine if the keys depressed by the instrument player form a recognizable pattern. Each musical chord type, such as a major chord, has a set mathematical relationship between the notes forming the chord and is therefore identifiable if the mathematical pattern is detected. In addition to recognizing the chord pattern in the root position, since the organist may play a chord in an inverted position, that is, some of the alphabetic notes raised an octave, it is desirable to recognize the chord pattern in the root position and all inversions. The programmed logic array detects the major, minor, sixth, major seventh and dominant seventh chord patterns in all inversions, the major sixth chord pattern in the root and first inversion and the minor seventh in the root and third inversion. The major sixth and minor seventh chords are restricted in the patterns identified to eliminate an overlapping or conflict wherein the same alphabetic notes are arranged in different sequences in both chord patterns.
~ f the input data from the keying lines does not form a recognizable chord pattern, the register repositions the data by shifting the data in the first bit position to the last bit position and similarly shifting all other data bits downward one bit position. The shifted data is compared to the programmed logic array to match the new data positions , 07~!9 with the normalized chord patterns. The shifting and comparing continues until a pattern match is identified or every possibility is exhausted. A root counter tracks the number of shifts or data transpositions necessary to locate an identifiable chord type pattern in the input data. The value of the counter represents the alphabetic note of the chord pattern identified.
The identifiable chord patterns are further reduced in a logic circuit to major, minor and dominant seventh output signals. These output signals together with the value of the root counter are used as addresses to a bassline pattern memory. In the preferred embodiment, the memory contains four groups or precomposed basslines and each group has three bassline variations and each bassline has sixteen notes.
Each of the major~ minor and dominant seventh address signals selects one of the four groups of precomposed basslines~ the fourth group being selected as hereinafter set forth. The output value of the root counter is reduced to three ranges of output signals 0 through 3, 4 through 7 and 8 through 11.
Each of the range address signals selects one of the three bassline variations within the selected group. Each precomposed bassline is stored in the memory with nor-malized bass note values and the precomposed bassline chosen ~ ' is related to the type of chord pattern recognized and the number of shifts necessary to obtain the pattern recognition.
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~2~)7~9 The digital value output of the bassline memory is applied to an output device. The value of the root counter is applied to the output device and serially added to the digital value output of the bassline memory. The addition of the digital value of the root counter to each digital note value from the bassline memory transposes the note value into the key in which the organist played the recognized chord.
The serial addition occurs under control of the enable memory. A beat counter which is coupled to a tempo clock provides an output signal at each one of sixteen half beats in a two measure phrase. The two measure phrase is determined by the rhythm unit 22 of the organ which resets the beat counter at the termination of each two measures.
Each signal from the beat counter is applied to the pattern memory to select one of the sixteen normalized digital note values in the precomposed basisline. The beat counter signal is also applied to an enable memory. In the standard or unmodified bassline, the enable memory provides an enable output at each even signal of the beat counter. The beat counter is also reset by an input from a standard organ key-down detector which provides a signal output for each new key depressed if no other keys are held down. Thus, the first note of each precomposed bassline corresponds to the root note of the recognized chord even if a new chord is selected in the middle of a two bar phrase determined by the rhythm unit of the organ. Of course, other sources of reset inputs can be applied to the beat counter to obtain different resettin~ sequences.
~12070g The enable signal from the memory begins the serial addition and is applied by a decoder-keyer circuit 18 to synchronize the receipt of the serial data. The serial digital data represents the musical baseline or bass note output routine. The decoder-keyer circuit 18 receives the serially added digital signal and converts it into parallel binary signals. The parallel binary data is applied to a multiplexer which also receives twelve frequency signals from twelve top octave generators or MDD 20. The value of the binary signal selects one of the twelve frequencies.
The selected frequency is received by a standard frequency divider chain which reduces the top octave frequency to the bass note range and applies the output of the divider to the standard keyer circuit to provide a musical bassline output.
The precomposed bassline played by the decoder-keyer circuit is modifiable by the instrument player. The instrument player may select one of a plurality of bass rhythm patterns from rhythm unit 22 by closing a switch on the organ console. An input signal representing the selected bass rhythm pattern such as samba is applied to the enable memory as an address signal. The selected bass rhythm pattern alters the occurrence of the enable signal from the enable memory thereby blanking certain time slots in the measure in which the digital note value from the pattern memory and the digital value of the root counter would be serially added and applied to the decoder-keyer circuit. In addition, if the instrument player selects either the beguine, afro-latin ox tango bass rhythm pattern, an input signal is provided to the bassline pattern memory to over-ride the chord pattern recognition address. The beguine, - , -. . ,; .,.: ~ ; : ; . .. , .:
~l1207C~9 afro-latin or tango bass rhythm line or BAT line selects the fourth group of basslines stored within the pattern memory.
The root counter value selects the variation of the bassline within the fourth group as described above. The BAT line and digital value of the root counter address the enable memory and select a preprogrammed time sequence for the enable signal. The digital value output of the pattern memory and the digital value of the root counter are serially added in the output circuit and applied to the decoder-keyer circuit 18 under control of the enable memory.
If the instrument player selects a root/fifth bass routine by closing a switch 24 on the console, the normalized bassline pattern memory is disabled. The chord recognition portion remains operative to identify the chord played by the instrument player. A root/fifth memory provides a signal on line root enable to the output device when the root note is to be played. The digital value of the root counter is also applied to the output device. If a root note is to be played in a certain time interval or slot, the enable memory provides an output enable signal which applies in serial from the digital value of the root counter which represents the root of the recognized chord played by the organist to the decoder-keyer circuit. The decoder keyer circuit 18 operates as described above to provide a musical output.
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If the root/fifth memory provldes an output indicating that the fifth is to be played and the enable memory provides an enable signal, the digital value of the root counter is serially added to the binary value of seven in the output circuit. The musical fifth is mathematically seven half steps above the root, thus the adclition of the binary value seven to the value of the root counter converts the root value into the fifth value. The decoder-keyer circuit receives a digital value representing the fifth of the recognized chord played by the organist. The root/fifth routine may be modified in the same manner as described above by the instrument player selecting a new bass rhythm pattern.
If the chord recognition system compares every possible arrangement of input data patterns with the pro-grammed logic array without recognizing a normalized chord pattern, the system provides a fixed bassline routine comprised of selected notes from among the keys actually depressed by the organist. In the scanned bassline routine, the shift register moves the received data in one direction until the data corresponding to the first input line with a signal representing a key depression is placed to the first data bit position. The root counter then provides a digital value equal to the number of shifts necessary to the output sender. The output sender receives an enable signal from the enable memory at each even value of the beat counter and serially applies the digital value of the counter to the decoder-keyer circuit lB. The decoder-keyer circuit operates as described above to provide a musical output signal.
-- 1~ --37C)9 The shift register continues to shift in the same direction to move each of the next four received data bits into the lowest bit position of the register, repeating the received data bits if necessary. The root counter provides to the output sender circuit the digital value of the number of shifts necessary to move each data bit into the lowest bit position of the shift register. The remainder of the system continues to operate as described above.
This shift register now reverses shifting direction to move each of the next four data bits into the lowest bit position of the register. The root counter which tracks the shift register provides a digital value corresponding to the number of shifts necessary to move each data bit into the lowest bit posltion of the register. The remainder of the system continues to operate as described above. Thus, the keys actually depressed by the organist are scanned in a fixed routine and selected ones of the notes corresponding to the keys depressed comprise the bassline with the same note forming the first note of each two bar phrase.
If the system is placed into the scanning bassline routine during the two bar phrase of the beat counter controlled by a reset input from the rhythm unit, the note corresponding to that time position in the fixed bassline is played. The shift register moves the received input data following the same down or up scanning sequence as described above. A note counter connected to the shift register sequences a binary value of two for each data bit shifted to the lowest position of the register.
The binary value of the note counter is compared to the binary value of the beat counter and if a predetermined comparison criterion is not satisfied, a control circuit forces the register to continue shifting data into the lowest data bit position until the criterion is met. The root counter which tracks the shift register supplies the binary value of the number of shifts necessary to the output circuit.
The remainder of the system continues to operate as described above. Thus, the fixed bassline routine in effect catches up with the beat counter before a note is played.
A low-high bassline routine is provided if the instrument player selects the root/fifth routine and the chord recognition portion does not identify the input data as a normalized chord pattern. The register shifts in one direction until the first data bit received reaches the lowest bit position.
The root counter provides to the output circuit a binary value equal to the number of shifts necessary to move the data to the lowest bit position. The remainder of the system operates as described above to provide a musical output corresponding to the lowest frequency note actually depressed by the organist. The control circuit now forces the register to shift in the opposite direction until the next input data bit which corresponds to the highest frequency note depressed by the organist is moved into the lowest bit position. The root counter tracks the number of shifts and provides a digital value to the output sender. The remainder of the system operates as described above and thus provides a low-high bassline routine composed of the lowest and highest keys actually depressed by the instrument player.
()7(~!9 As an option to providing any of the four automatic bassline routines described above, the system provides a manual high pedal select bass note output. The serial data received by the decoder-keyer circuit from the output sender is not used. Instead, a multiplexer receives as inputs each of the pedal lines from the standard pedal clavier of the organ.
A scanner circuit interrogates each of the pedal lines received by the multiplexer starting at the highest frequency pedal. The scanner sequences to each pedal line until a pedal line with a signal representing a depressed pedal is detected.
Once the match is located, the digital value of the scanner is loaded into a selection multiplexer with latching capabilities and the scanner is reset to the highest frequency pedal line and scanning continues. As the scanner is searching for the next pedal note played by the organist, the digital value received by the selection multiplexer selects one of a plurality of top octave frequency generators. The frequency of the top octave generator selected is applied to a divider -chain to lower the frequency into the bass note range. The output of the divider chain is applied to a standard keyer circuit to provide a musical output signal corresponding to the depressed pedal. The instrument player can thus provide a ;~
manually selected bassline by operating the pedal clavier instead of utilizing the automatic bassline routines.
~2(~7~3 In the preferred embodiment, the pedal teaching and indication system 30 receives the serial bass note value data and enable signal from the digital bass note value generator 14. The serial bass note value data and enable signal are the same digital information received by the decoder-keyer circuit 18. To operate the pedal teaching system, the organist closes the pedal system on/off switch 32 which is mounted on the instrument console. The output line of the pedal teaching or PT switch 32 is connected to the output line of the root/fifth switch 24. Thus, by closing the PT switch 32, the organist places the Bass Note Generation System in the root/fifth mode of operation and activates the pedal indicator system.
The Bass Note Generation System is now in the root/fifth mode and provides a musical root/fifth bass note output routine if the combination of keys depressed by the organist on the manual 12 forms a recognizable chord pattern or the system provides a musical low-high bass note output routine if the combination of keys depressed by the organist on the manual 12 does not form a recognizable chord pattern.
The digital bass note value generator 14 receives timing and rhythm inputs from the standard organ rhythm unit 22 and provides a digital bass note value at the appropriate time or beat in the bass routine and a synchronizing enable signal.
The digital bass note output value represents the root or . .
fifth bass note of the recognized chord or the lowest or highest bass note corresponding to the keys actually depressed by the organist.
The digital bass note value data and the enable signal are received by the decoder-keyer circuit 18 and the pedal teaching system 30. The decoder-keyer circuit 18 receives twelve frequency signals from the top octave generators or MDD circuit 20 and the data from the digital bass note value generator 14. The decoder-keyer circuit 18 decodes the data to select one of the MDD frequencies, divides that frequency into the bass note range, and supplies the bass note frequency to a keyer circuit to provide a musical output.
The pedal teaching system 30 receives the digital bass note value information and the synchronizing enable signal.
The teaching system rhythmically illuminates the particular light sources associated with the pedals directly corresponding to the root/fifth routine for the chord played. Of course, if no recognizable chord is played, the digital bass note value data corresponds to the lowest or highest key depressed by the organist and the pedal teaching system rhythmically illuminates the appropriate bass pedal light. Thus, when the organist plays a chord on the keyboard, the decoder-keyer circuit 18 plays the root/fifth bass note routine for that chord and the pedal teaching system rhythmically illuminates -the root pedal light and the fifth pedal light to coincide with the decoder-keyer circuit 18 playing the root -~075:~g note or the fifth note. The organist can both hear the ~oot/
fifth bass note routine appropriate for a particular chord and see the correct rhythmic timing and the correct pedals to be depressed to provide the proper bass note routine. Of course, the same operation occurs for a low-high bass note routine if the keys depressed by the instrument player do not form a recognizable chord pattern.
If the P/W switch 28 mounted on the instrument console is turned on by the organist, the Bass Note Generation System is placed in the manual high select pedal mode of operation. In this mode of operation, the digital note value data and enable signal is still provided by the digital bass note value generator but is not utilized by the decoder-keyer circuit 18. The decoder-keyer circuit now only responds to input data received from the pedal clavier 26 of the organ. The decoder-keyer selects the highest frequency `
pedal signal input, chooses an appropriate MDD frequency corresponding to the pedal signal, divides the MDD frequency into bass range and supplies the bass range frequency signal to the keyer circuit to provide a musical output.
To place the pedal teaching system 30 in the perform -mode, the organist closes the rehearse/perform or R/P switch 34 mounted on the instrument console. The output of R/P switch 34 is connected to the output of P/W switch 28 and places the Bass Note Generation System in the manual pedal high select mode. Now, the bass note value data and the enable signal are received by the pedal teaching system 30 but are ,~
.
,~
not used by the decoder-keyer circuit 18. The pedal teaching system 30 rhythmically illuminates the root pedal light and the fifth pedal light to coincide with the appropriate root/
fifth routine as described above. ~lowever, the organist must now perform by actually depressing the pedals to produce an audible bass note output.
The instrument player can select a non-rhythmic rehearse or non-rhythmic perform mode of operation by turning off the tempo clock input to the digital bass note value generator from the rhythm unit 22.
In the preferred embodiment, the tempo clock signal is eliminated by turning off a switch on the organ console which controls the rhythm unit. As an alternative, a moving/static or M/S switch 36 is connected to the tempo output line of the rhythm unit 22. In the moving or OFF position of switch 36~ the pedal system 30 operates as described above. In the static or ON position, the M/S switch turns the beat counter of the digital bass note generator 14 off. With the beat counter off, the digital bass note generator provides only the digital bass note value corresponding to the root of a recognized chord or the lowest note value of-the keys actually depressed if no chord pattern is recognized. The pedal system 30 operates as described above for the rehearse or perform mode, but the only pedal light illuminated corresponds to the root bass note. Thus, if the organist '.
.. . ..
7C~
depresses a combination of keys forming a chord or utilizes the optional one finger chord system 16 and depresses a single key corresponcling to a chord, the organist sees the pedal light corresponding to the root bass note for that chord. Since the rhythm input is off, the pedal system 30 is static with only the root pedal light illuminated and the usual rhythmic movement between the root pedal light and the fifth pedal light is eliminated.
Figure 2 is a detailed schematic of the pedal teaching system 30. If the instrument player turns PT switch 32 to the ON position, the system is activated. The enable signal and the digital bass note value from generator 14 are received at the inputs to series to parallel converter 40. The series to parallel converter 40 is a standard device well-known in the art and further description is deemed unnecessary. The logic discussed throughout the specification is clocked logic which is well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Hence for clarity of description no specific reference is made to the clock signals inherent in the system. The digital bass note value is converted in~o a five bit digital signal at the five output lines of converter 40. The least significant bit line or bit line 1 and bit line 2 are respectively connected to inputs A and B of individual decoder 42. The bit line 4 and bit line ~ Erom converter 40 are respectively connected to inputs A and B of group decoder 44. The individual decoder is activated if the input signal to enable terminal E is at logic 0 state. When the instrument player turns the PT switch 32 to the ON position, the inverter 43 .~
.. ~, . . .
-~Z~7C~
receives a logic 1 state signal at its input. The logic O
state signal at the output of inverter 43 is connected to the enable terminal E activating the individual decoder 42.
The bit line 16 from the converter 40 is connected to the enable terminal E of group decoder 44. The group decoder is activated if the bit line 16 is in the logic O state and is deactivated if bit line 16 is in the logic 1 state.
The group decoder 44 and the individual decoder 42 are well-known devices in the art which provide an output signal on one of four lines depending on the binary value at its input such as the Motorola binary decoder No. MC 14555.
~07~
The code or truth table for the group decoder 44 is as follows:
CHAP~T 1 BI~AR~' GROUP DECODER GROUP DECODER
VALUE Ii`~PUTS (BA ) OUTPUT
00000 00 Ql 00001 C0 Ql 00010 00 Ql 00011 00 Ql 1~ 01001 10 Q3 01111 . 11 Q4 Thus, upon receipt of binary values 0 through 3 the Ql output line of group decoder 44 is set to a logic 1 state, upon receipt of binary values 4 through 7 the Q2 output line is set to a logic 1 state, upon receipt of binary values 8 through 11 the Q3 output line is set to a logic 1 state, and upon receipt of binary values 12 through 15 the Q4 output line is set to a logic 1 state. At binary value 10000, the input on bit line 16 to group decoder 44 is at a logic 1 and the group decoder 44 is deactivated.
- . . . ~ ,. ..
~Z1~7~9 Each output line Ql throuch Q4 of group decoder 44 is respectively connected to a driver 46, 48, 50 and 52. In the preferred erboairent, each ~river is a transistor which receives the respective output of group decoder 44 at its base terminal, has its collector terminal tied in comr.on to a positive voltase source V throuah a resistor and has its eritter respectively connected to lines GD 1 throush GD 4. The bit line 16 fro~ converter 40 is connected to the bass of driver 5~. The collector of driver 54 is connected to the co~.on voltage V and its emitter is connected to line C.
-.. . .
7l~
The code or truth table for the individual decoder 42 is as follows:
Cl~A_T 2 INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL
BINARY DECODER DECODER
VALUE INPUTS BA OUTPUT
00000 00 Ql 00100 00 Ql OOllC 10 Q3 01000 00 Ql 01001 0~ Q2 01100 00 Ql 10000 00 Ql Thus, upon receipt of a binary signal ~ith a 0 as the least significant bit and 0 in the second bit position, the Ql output line of indivi~ual decoder 42 is set to a logic 1 state. In the above code the ~1 output line is set to a losic 1 state upon receipt of binary values 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16.
In a similar manner the Q2 output line is set to a logic 1 state upon receipt of binary values 1, 5, 9, 13 and 17, the Q3 output line is set to a logic 1 upon receipt of binary values 2, 6, 10, 14 an 18, anc the Q4 output line is set to a logic 1 state upon receipt of binary values 3, 7, 11, 15 anc 19. Of course, the remainins binary bits have no ef~~ect on the outputs of the individual decoder 42.
Each output line Ql through Q4 of individual decoder 42 is respectively connected to the base of driver transistor 56, 58, 60 and 62. The emitter of each driver 56 through ~2 is connected in common to a negative voltage V- and the collectors are respectively connected to lines IDl, ID2, ID3 and ID4.
The line GDl from driver 46 is connected to the anodes of a first bank of four LED devices Bl. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other standard li~ht sources can be used. The line GD2 from driver 48 is connected to the anodes of a second bank of four LED devices B2. The line GD3 is connected to the anodes of a third bank of LED devices B3. The line GD4 is connected to the anodes of a fourth bank of LED devices B4. The line C from driver 54 is connected to the fifth bank of LED
devices B5. The line IDl is connected to the cathode of o~
the first LED in bank Bl, and the first LED in each of the banks B2 through B5. The line ID2 is connected to the cathode of the second LED in bank B2, and the second LED
in each of the banks B2 through B5. The line ID3 is connected to the third LED in bank Bl, and the third LED
in each of the banks B2 through B5. The line ID4 is connected to the fourth LED bank Bl, and the fourth LED
in each of the banks B2 through B5.
For example, upon receipt of the binary value 00110, the group decoder 44 receives a logic 0 from bit line 8 at input terminal B and logic 1 from bit line 4 at input terminal A. The individual decoder 42 receives a logic 1 from bit line
BAC~GP~O~ND OF THE I~VEI~TION
FIELD OF THE I~'VENTIO~I
The present invention is a pedal indicator and teaching system for an electronic musical instrument, specifically an electronic orsan. In playing the electronic organ, it is cor~mon for the organist to play the melody with the right hand, the chord accompaniment with the left hand anà the bass acccmpaniment with the left foot on the pedal clavier. The left hand chording is usually played at a different rhythm. It is difficult for the beginning organist to develop the dexterity and timins necessary to physically play the bass note accompaniment on the pedal clavier or to know which pedals form a suitable bass accompaniment routine for a particular combination of keys or chords played with the left hand. In addition, for the beginning organist, it is difficult to associate the chord played by the left hand to the bass root pedal of the pedal clavier corresponding to that ehord.
The system visually indicates a bass note routine fGr accompanying a group of keys depressed by an instrument player by energizing selected ones of a plurality of lights mounted above the pedal clavier. The system also has the eapability for automatically providing a musical bass note ~ aecompaniment output to eomplement the visual display. The instrument player seleets whether the system operates with the audio and visual display or only the visual display.
[)70~
The system also has a selectable non-rhythmic mode in ~Jhich it illuminates either the root bass note pedal light in response to a chord played by the orsanist, or the lo~est bass note pedal light corresponding to the keys actually depressed.
The ir.strument player selects ~7hether the system sounds the single bass note or only illuminates the pedal li.ght. Thus the system per~.its the organist to learn the association between the chorcs played and the bass note accompaniment routine or the association between the chord played and the root bass note.
~ hile the present invention is described herein ~Jith reference to particular embodiments, it should be uncerstood that the invention is not limited thereto.
The pedal teaching and indicating system of the present lnvention may be employec. in a variety of forms, as one skilled in the art ~ill recognize in light of the present disclosure.
PP~IOR ~RT
Teaching aids or systems for electronic organs which assist the instrument player in learning the musical relationship between the keys and the pedals and in developing the necessary hand and foot coordination and timing are well-kno-7n in the prior art. Some of these systems use lisht cisplays in association with the keyboard or pedal clavier to visually aid the organist in developing the appropriate playing skills.
Teaching systems in co~on use frequently rely upon preprogram~ed data from a tape or other source separate from the organ to provide information for controllins the light displays or other visual indicia.
In these systems the actual physical relationship between the left hand chord playing and the left foot bass note accompaniment is diluted and impaired. Frequently a beginning organist may be an accomplished keyboarc musical artist such as a pianist, and fundamental instruction regarding the playing on a keyboard is unnecessary. However, the correlation between the keyboard playins and the playing of a bass note accompaniment routine on the pedal clavier has no counterpart in other instruments and must be mastered by every organist.
It is a general object of this invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior pedal teaching systems.
An object of this invention is to provide a teaching aid to illustrate on a light panel positioned above the pedal clavier a bass note pedal routine for accompanying a chord or group of keys played.
Another object of this invention is to provide a teaching aid to visually illustrate to the organist a bass note pedal routine for accompanying a chord or group of keys played and simultaneously to audibly illustrate the sound of the proper bass notes.
Another object of this invention is to provide a teaching aid to illustrate to the organist the root note pedal associated with a chord.
Another object of this invention is to provide a teaching aid to visually indicate tG the organist the root note of a chord and to audibly illustrate the sound of the root note.
Another object of this invention is to provide a system for reducing a number of circuit lines necessary for uniquely driving one of a plurality of indicator devices in response to octavely related input data.
Another object of this invention is to provide a system responsive to octavely related input data in which the number of drivable indicator devices is easily expanded or reduced.
Other objects will be apparent from the summary and detailed description.
~1~071~
SUh~ARY OF THE INVENTION
A pedal teaching aid and illumination system indicates which pedals form a bass note accompaniment routine for a specific group of keys depressed by the organist. The pedal illumination system comprises a sequence or panel of lights positioned slightly above the pedal clavier and cooperates with the Bass Note Generation System set forth in the United States Patent Serial No. 4,1'14,788 of Bione et al, issued March 20, 1979. In the preferred embodiment, the pedal illumination system operates with the root/fifth or low-high routine of the Bass Note Generation System since the walking bassline or scanned bassline form a complicated bass note pattern making the visual identification of pedal corresponding to the bass notes difficult to follow. However, it should be apparent that these more complicated basslines, if desired, can be illustrate~
by the pedal system as would be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art.
The switch mounted on the organ console which activates the pedal teaching system also places the Bass Note Generation System in the root/fifth mode of operation.
The input data received by the Bass Note Generation System from a select number of keys on the organ keyboard is processed to determine if it is in a normalized chord pattern and, if so, a bass note value corresponding to the root note of the chord and a bass note value corresponding to the fifth of the chord are applied at appropriate times to a decoder-keyer - ~ . ~. , , ~ ., .
, ~ .. ~ , ...
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circuit to provide a musical output. If the system fails to recognize the input data as a normalized chord pattern, a bass note value corresponding to the lowest note key ~epressed by the organist and a bass note value corresponding to the hishest note key depressed by the organist are applied at appropriate times to a decoder-keyer circuit to pro~ide a musical output~
The pedal teaching system has two major modes of operation which are selectable by the instrument player by closing the rehearse/perform switch on the instrument console.
The rehearse~perform switch of the teaching system is connected to the output line of the pedal-walk switch of the Bass Note Generation System. Thus, the instrument player by placing the rehearse-perform swltch in the perform position also places the Bass Note Generation System in the pedal mode. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill that a single switch can perform both for the Bass Note Generation System and the teaching system or independent switches can be provided. In the rehearse mode of operation, the pedal teaching system receives serial bass note data from the digital bass note value generator and rhythmically indicates by energizing appropriate ones of a plurality of lights mounted above the pedal clavier which pedals form a bass note accompaniment routine for the chord played by the organist. The decoder-keyer circuit of the Bass Note Generation System also receives the serial bass note data and provides a musical bass note 3L~2~
routine output in unison with the light display. Thus, the instrument player depresses a chord key combination on the manual and hears the accom~animent root/fifth bass note output routine and sees the correct pedals illuminated in the proper timins se~uencing.
In the perform mode of operation, the Bass ~ote Generation System is placed in the high select pedal mode by closing the switch P/W on the instrument console. The instrument player depresses a key combi-nation on the manual and the serial bass note value datacorresponding to the accompaniment root/fifth routine is received by the pedal teaching system which indicates by energizing appropriate ones of the plurality of lights which pedals form a bass note accompaniment routine for the chord played. However, the decoder-keyer circuit is responsive to only the manual pedal inputs and does not provide a musical output routine in response to the serial bass note value data. Thus, the instrument player depresses a chord key combination on the manual and the pedal system illuminates the pedals to be depressed for providing an accompaniment root/fifth output routine but the organist must actually depress the pedals themselves to provide the musical output.
Of course, if the organist depresses a group of keys on the manual that do not form a recognizable chord pattern, the digital bass note value generator provides a lo~-high note output routine and the pedal indicator 20qo9 operates as e~pl2ined above. Therefore, whenever the root/fifth routine is specifically referred to in the specification the same type operation occurs in the low-high routine when the group of depressed k.eys are not recognized as a chord pattern.
The instrument player can disable the te~po cloc~ or timins input to the Bass Note Generation System by closing a switch on the instrument console. The pedal teaching system now becomes a static or non-rythmic system. In the static rehearse mode of operation the pedal system receives the digital bass note value representing the root of the chord played by the organist and illuminates the root bass light corresponding to the chord and the decoder-keyer circuit automatically sounds the root bass note. In the static perform mode of operation the pedal system again receives the disital bass note value representing the root of the chord played by the organist and illuminates the root bass pedal light corresponding to the chord. However, the decoder keyer circuit does not respond to the bass note value data when the teaching system is in the perform mode of operation but only the manual peAal inputs so that the organist must physically depress the pedal to provide the musical root bass note output.
The serial digital note value information and the enable signal from the bass note value generator of the Bass Note Generation System is received by a series to parallel con-verter of the pedal teaching system. The serial data ~ ' ~ ' . `
~20~7(3~
is converted into a five bit digital value. The binary bit ~ line and bit 8 line and bit 16 line are supplied as inputs to a group decoder circuit and the binary bit 2 line and binary bit 1 line are applied as inputs to an individual decoder circuit. The bit 16 line is connected to the enable input of group decoder and the pedal indicator switch is connected through an inverter to the enable input of individual decoder. The group decoder has a plurality of output lines representing that the digital value of the input signal is in one of five numerical groups. The individual decoder has a plurality of output lines representing that the digital value of the input signal is among one of four numerical groups. Each output of the group decoder is applied to a driver and each output of the individual decoder is applied to a driver. The output of each group driver is connected to the anode of a bank of light emitting diodes or LED's and the cathode of each LED in that group is connected to a respective one of the individual driver outputs. The output of one group driver and one individual driver uniquely operates a single LED. The LED's are the light sources mounted on the panel above the pedal clavier. Thus, a plurality of LED or other loads can be individually energized by a substantially smaller number of input lines. The decoder system uniquely operates with octavely related information to permit expansion or contraction of the number of load devices upon receipt of additional octave data, ~L~Z~7~9 The pedal teaching system is described with twenty light sources for clarity since the bass note value data from the sass Note Generation System has a twenty note range.
However, in the preferred embodiment, the pedal teaching system is associated with a standard spinet organ which has only thirteen pedals and, therefore, uses only one octave or twelve bass notes and the output of the decoder-keyer circuit is appropriately restricted to one octave. Therefore, the bass note value data exceeding the playing range of the spinet organ is folded back into the proper frequency range ~y straping appropriate outputs of the group decoder to the outputs representing lower frequency range outputs. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the pedal teaching system can be expanded or increased to include the larger pedal clavier of a console organ.
According to a broad aspect of the invention there is provided an electronic organ having a keyboard, a pedal clavier, a generator responsive to said keyboard for providing data representative of a bass note routine and a pedal indicator system positioned in proximity to said pedal clavier and comprising: a converter responsive to said bass note routine data for providing a plurality of binary output signals; a decoder circuit responsive to said binary output signals and having a plurality of decoder output lines and comprising;
an individual decoder circuit responsive to the two least significant bits of said binary output signals and having a plurality of individual decoder output lines; and said individual decoder providing a signal on one of said plurality of decoder output lines representative of the binary value of said two least significant bits of said binary output .... .
l`~t~ ;~ -10-signals; at least one group decoder circuit responsive to the remainder of said binary output signals and having a plurality of group decoder output lines; said group decoder circuit providing a signal on one of said plurality of group decoder output lines representative of the binary value of the remainder of said binary output signals; light means comprising a plurality of banks of light sources and each of said banks having a plurality of light sources and said light means being connected to said decoder output lines; each of said individual decoder output lines from said individual decoder are connected in circuit to one of sa.id light sources in each of said banks; and each of said group output lines from said group decoder are connected in circuit to all of said light sources in respective ones of said banks; said bass note routine data contains octavely related information corresponding to a number of keys on said keyboard; said decoder circuit providing an output signal on at least one of said output lines to uniquely drive at least one of said plurality of light sources; and an octave limiter means connected in circuit to at least some of said group decoder output lines for folding back octavely related data exceeding ~:
the octave capacity of said light means into a lower octave range.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a block diagram of the pedal indicator system in circuit connection with the Bass Note Generation System; and, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pedal indicator system of the present invention.
~ lOa-~- ,. . , ~,,- , :
~071J
DETAIL DESCRIPTION
~ IG. 1 illustrates in block diagrams, the pedal teaching system of the present invention connected in circuit with the Bass Note Generation System of the above mentioned United States Patent Serial No. 4,144,788. The operation of the specific Bass Note Generation System is described hereinafter.
However, it should be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that the input signals to the pedal indication system could be supplied by any well-kno~rn circuit capable of providing an enable signal tollowed by serial digital signals representing a musical baseline or bass note output routine.
The Bass Note Generation System has four modes of operation providing distinct types of musical bass note output routines. In the first mode of operation, the Bass Note Genera~ion System provides a precomposed or preprogrammed musical bassline output depending upon the type of recognizable musical chord played by the organist, the alphabetic note or tonic note of the chord and the tim ng of a beat or measure counter. The precomposed or programmed bassline output may ~0 be modified by the instrument player selecting one of a plurality of rhythm patterns which are referred to hereinafter as bass rhytnm patternsby closing a switch or tab on the instrument console. In the second mode of operation, the Bass Note Generation System provides a root/fifth output routine~ depending upon the alphabetic or tonic note of a recognizable chord played by the organist and the timing of a beat of measure counter. The roottfifth bass note output routine may also be modified by the instrument player selecting one of a plurality of bass rhythm patterns by closing a ~ 0~(~9 switch on the instrument console. In the third mode of operation, the Bass Note Generation System is unable to identify the key combination depressed by the instrument player as a recognizable chord pattern and provides a scanned bassline musical output in accord with a fixed routine and with notes selected directly from the sequence of keys depressed by the instrument player. The scanned bassline musical output may also be modified by the instrument player selecting one of a plurality of bass rhythm patterns by closing a switch or tab on the instrument console. In the fourth mode of operation, the Bass Note Generation System fails to identify the key combination depressed by the instrument player as a recognizable chord pattern and provides a low-high output routine selected directly from the sequence of keys depressed by the instrument player. The low-high musical output routine may also be modified by the instrument player selecting one of a plurality of bass rhythm patterns by closing a switch or tab on the instrument console. In addition, the instrument player can directly select the scanned bassline or low-high modes of operation regardless of whether the keys depressed form a recognizable chord pattern by closing a switch or tab on the instrument console.
A selected number of keys from the chord section of an organ keyboard or manual 12 are connected via their respective keying lines to the data input lines for the Bass Note Generation System. As an option, the input to the system may be fxom a one finger chording system 16 which are well-known in the art. The input data lines are received by 37~9 a shift register in the chord recognition portion of the digital bass note value generator 14. The sequence or pattern of all received data lines are compared to a programmed logic array to determine if the keys depressed by the instrument player form a recognizable pattern. Each musical chord type, such as a major chord, has a set mathematical relationship between the notes forming the chord and is therefore identifiable if the mathematical pattern is detected. In addition to recognizing the chord pattern in the root position, since the organist may play a chord in an inverted position, that is, some of the alphabetic notes raised an octave, it is desirable to recognize the chord pattern in the root position and all inversions. The programmed logic array detects the major, minor, sixth, major seventh and dominant seventh chord patterns in all inversions, the major sixth chord pattern in the root and first inversion and the minor seventh in the root and third inversion. The major sixth and minor seventh chords are restricted in the patterns identified to eliminate an overlapping or conflict wherein the same alphabetic notes are arranged in different sequences in both chord patterns.
~ f the input data from the keying lines does not form a recognizable chord pattern, the register repositions the data by shifting the data in the first bit position to the last bit position and similarly shifting all other data bits downward one bit position. The shifted data is compared to the programmed logic array to match the new data positions , 07~!9 with the normalized chord patterns. The shifting and comparing continues until a pattern match is identified or every possibility is exhausted. A root counter tracks the number of shifts or data transpositions necessary to locate an identifiable chord type pattern in the input data. The value of the counter represents the alphabetic note of the chord pattern identified.
The identifiable chord patterns are further reduced in a logic circuit to major, minor and dominant seventh output signals. These output signals together with the value of the root counter are used as addresses to a bassline pattern memory. In the preferred embodiment, the memory contains four groups or precomposed basslines and each group has three bassline variations and each bassline has sixteen notes.
Each of the major~ minor and dominant seventh address signals selects one of the four groups of precomposed basslines~ the fourth group being selected as hereinafter set forth. The output value of the root counter is reduced to three ranges of output signals 0 through 3, 4 through 7 and 8 through 11.
Each of the range address signals selects one of the three bassline variations within the selected group. Each precomposed bassline is stored in the memory with nor-malized bass note values and the precomposed bassline chosen ~ ' is related to the type of chord pattern recognized and the number of shifts necessary to obtain the pattern recognition.
,~ - .
~2~)7~9 The digital value output of the bassline memory is applied to an output device. The value of the root counter is applied to the output device and serially added to the digital value output of the bassline memory. The addition of the digital value of the root counter to each digital note value from the bassline memory transposes the note value into the key in which the organist played the recognized chord.
The serial addition occurs under control of the enable memory. A beat counter which is coupled to a tempo clock provides an output signal at each one of sixteen half beats in a two measure phrase. The two measure phrase is determined by the rhythm unit 22 of the organ which resets the beat counter at the termination of each two measures.
Each signal from the beat counter is applied to the pattern memory to select one of the sixteen normalized digital note values in the precomposed basisline. The beat counter signal is also applied to an enable memory. In the standard or unmodified bassline, the enable memory provides an enable output at each even signal of the beat counter. The beat counter is also reset by an input from a standard organ key-down detector which provides a signal output for each new key depressed if no other keys are held down. Thus, the first note of each precomposed bassline corresponds to the root note of the recognized chord even if a new chord is selected in the middle of a two bar phrase determined by the rhythm unit of the organ. Of course, other sources of reset inputs can be applied to the beat counter to obtain different resettin~ sequences.
~12070g The enable signal from the memory begins the serial addition and is applied by a decoder-keyer circuit 18 to synchronize the receipt of the serial data. The serial digital data represents the musical baseline or bass note output routine. The decoder-keyer circuit 18 receives the serially added digital signal and converts it into parallel binary signals. The parallel binary data is applied to a multiplexer which also receives twelve frequency signals from twelve top octave generators or MDD 20. The value of the binary signal selects one of the twelve frequencies.
The selected frequency is received by a standard frequency divider chain which reduces the top octave frequency to the bass note range and applies the output of the divider to the standard keyer circuit to provide a musical bassline output.
The precomposed bassline played by the decoder-keyer circuit is modifiable by the instrument player. The instrument player may select one of a plurality of bass rhythm patterns from rhythm unit 22 by closing a switch on the organ console. An input signal representing the selected bass rhythm pattern such as samba is applied to the enable memory as an address signal. The selected bass rhythm pattern alters the occurrence of the enable signal from the enable memory thereby blanking certain time slots in the measure in which the digital note value from the pattern memory and the digital value of the root counter would be serially added and applied to the decoder-keyer circuit. In addition, if the instrument player selects either the beguine, afro-latin ox tango bass rhythm pattern, an input signal is provided to the bassline pattern memory to over-ride the chord pattern recognition address. The beguine, - , -. . ,; .,.: ~ ; : ; . .. , .:
~l1207C~9 afro-latin or tango bass rhythm line or BAT line selects the fourth group of basslines stored within the pattern memory.
The root counter value selects the variation of the bassline within the fourth group as described above. The BAT line and digital value of the root counter address the enable memory and select a preprogrammed time sequence for the enable signal. The digital value output of the pattern memory and the digital value of the root counter are serially added in the output circuit and applied to the decoder-keyer circuit 18 under control of the enable memory.
If the instrument player selects a root/fifth bass routine by closing a switch 24 on the console, the normalized bassline pattern memory is disabled. The chord recognition portion remains operative to identify the chord played by the instrument player. A root/fifth memory provides a signal on line root enable to the output device when the root note is to be played. The digital value of the root counter is also applied to the output device. If a root note is to be played in a certain time interval or slot, the enable memory provides an output enable signal which applies in serial from the digital value of the root counter which represents the root of the recognized chord played by the organist to the decoder-keyer circuit. The decoder keyer circuit 18 operates as described above to provide a musical output.
~LZ~719~
If the root/fifth memory provldes an output indicating that the fifth is to be played and the enable memory provides an enable signal, the digital value of the root counter is serially added to the binary value of seven in the output circuit. The musical fifth is mathematically seven half steps above the root, thus the adclition of the binary value seven to the value of the root counter converts the root value into the fifth value. The decoder-keyer circuit receives a digital value representing the fifth of the recognized chord played by the organist. The root/fifth routine may be modified in the same manner as described above by the instrument player selecting a new bass rhythm pattern.
If the chord recognition system compares every possible arrangement of input data patterns with the pro-grammed logic array without recognizing a normalized chord pattern, the system provides a fixed bassline routine comprised of selected notes from among the keys actually depressed by the organist. In the scanned bassline routine, the shift register moves the received data in one direction until the data corresponding to the first input line with a signal representing a key depression is placed to the first data bit position. The root counter then provides a digital value equal to the number of shifts necessary to the output sender. The output sender receives an enable signal from the enable memory at each even value of the beat counter and serially applies the digital value of the counter to the decoder-keyer circuit lB. The decoder-keyer circuit operates as described above to provide a musical output signal.
-- 1~ --37C)9 The shift register continues to shift in the same direction to move each of the next four received data bits into the lowest bit position of the register, repeating the received data bits if necessary. The root counter provides to the output sender circuit the digital value of the number of shifts necessary to move each data bit into the lowest bit position of the shift register. The remainder of the system continues to operate as described above.
This shift register now reverses shifting direction to move each of the next four data bits into the lowest bit position of the register. The root counter which tracks the shift register provides a digital value corresponding to the number of shifts necessary to move each data bit into the lowest bit posltion of the register. The remainder of the system continues to operate as described above. Thus, the keys actually depressed by the organist are scanned in a fixed routine and selected ones of the notes corresponding to the keys depressed comprise the bassline with the same note forming the first note of each two bar phrase.
If the system is placed into the scanning bassline routine during the two bar phrase of the beat counter controlled by a reset input from the rhythm unit, the note corresponding to that time position in the fixed bassline is played. The shift register moves the received input data following the same down or up scanning sequence as described above. A note counter connected to the shift register sequences a binary value of two for each data bit shifted to the lowest position of the register.
The binary value of the note counter is compared to the binary value of the beat counter and if a predetermined comparison criterion is not satisfied, a control circuit forces the register to continue shifting data into the lowest data bit position until the criterion is met. The root counter which tracks the shift register supplies the binary value of the number of shifts necessary to the output circuit.
The remainder of the system continues to operate as described above. Thus, the fixed bassline routine in effect catches up with the beat counter before a note is played.
A low-high bassline routine is provided if the instrument player selects the root/fifth routine and the chord recognition portion does not identify the input data as a normalized chord pattern. The register shifts in one direction until the first data bit received reaches the lowest bit position.
The root counter provides to the output circuit a binary value equal to the number of shifts necessary to move the data to the lowest bit position. The remainder of the system operates as described above to provide a musical output corresponding to the lowest frequency note actually depressed by the organist. The control circuit now forces the register to shift in the opposite direction until the next input data bit which corresponds to the highest frequency note depressed by the organist is moved into the lowest bit position. The root counter tracks the number of shifts and provides a digital value to the output sender. The remainder of the system operates as described above and thus provides a low-high bassline routine composed of the lowest and highest keys actually depressed by the instrument player.
()7(~!9 As an option to providing any of the four automatic bassline routines described above, the system provides a manual high pedal select bass note output. The serial data received by the decoder-keyer circuit from the output sender is not used. Instead, a multiplexer receives as inputs each of the pedal lines from the standard pedal clavier of the organ.
A scanner circuit interrogates each of the pedal lines received by the multiplexer starting at the highest frequency pedal. The scanner sequences to each pedal line until a pedal line with a signal representing a depressed pedal is detected.
Once the match is located, the digital value of the scanner is loaded into a selection multiplexer with latching capabilities and the scanner is reset to the highest frequency pedal line and scanning continues. As the scanner is searching for the next pedal note played by the organist, the digital value received by the selection multiplexer selects one of a plurality of top octave frequency generators. The frequency of the top octave generator selected is applied to a divider -chain to lower the frequency into the bass note range. The output of the divider chain is applied to a standard keyer circuit to provide a musical output signal corresponding to the depressed pedal. The instrument player can thus provide a ;~
manually selected bassline by operating the pedal clavier instead of utilizing the automatic bassline routines.
~2(~7~3 In the preferred embodiment, the pedal teaching and indication system 30 receives the serial bass note value data and enable signal from the digital bass note value generator 14. The serial bass note value data and enable signal are the same digital information received by the decoder-keyer circuit 18. To operate the pedal teaching system, the organist closes the pedal system on/off switch 32 which is mounted on the instrument console. The output line of the pedal teaching or PT switch 32 is connected to the output line of the root/fifth switch 24. Thus, by closing the PT switch 32, the organist places the Bass Note Generation System in the root/fifth mode of operation and activates the pedal indicator system.
The Bass Note Generation System is now in the root/fifth mode and provides a musical root/fifth bass note output routine if the combination of keys depressed by the organist on the manual 12 forms a recognizable chord pattern or the system provides a musical low-high bass note output routine if the combination of keys depressed by the organist on the manual 12 does not form a recognizable chord pattern.
The digital bass note value generator 14 receives timing and rhythm inputs from the standard organ rhythm unit 22 and provides a digital bass note value at the appropriate time or beat in the bass routine and a synchronizing enable signal.
The digital bass note output value represents the root or . .
fifth bass note of the recognized chord or the lowest or highest bass note corresponding to the keys actually depressed by the organist.
The digital bass note value data and the enable signal are received by the decoder-keyer circuit 18 and the pedal teaching system 30. The decoder-keyer circuit 18 receives twelve frequency signals from the top octave generators or MDD circuit 20 and the data from the digital bass note value generator 14. The decoder-keyer circuit 18 decodes the data to select one of the MDD frequencies, divides that frequency into the bass note range, and supplies the bass note frequency to a keyer circuit to provide a musical output.
The pedal teaching system 30 receives the digital bass note value information and the synchronizing enable signal.
The teaching system rhythmically illuminates the particular light sources associated with the pedals directly corresponding to the root/fifth routine for the chord played. Of course, if no recognizable chord is played, the digital bass note value data corresponds to the lowest or highest key depressed by the organist and the pedal teaching system rhythmically illuminates the appropriate bass pedal light. Thus, when the organist plays a chord on the keyboard, the decoder-keyer circuit 18 plays the root/fifth bass note routine for that chord and the pedal teaching system rhythmically illuminates -the root pedal light and the fifth pedal light to coincide with the decoder-keyer circuit 18 playing the root -~075:~g note or the fifth note. The organist can both hear the ~oot/
fifth bass note routine appropriate for a particular chord and see the correct rhythmic timing and the correct pedals to be depressed to provide the proper bass note routine. Of course, the same operation occurs for a low-high bass note routine if the keys depressed by the instrument player do not form a recognizable chord pattern.
If the P/W switch 28 mounted on the instrument console is turned on by the organist, the Bass Note Generation System is placed in the manual high select pedal mode of operation. In this mode of operation, the digital note value data and enable signal is still provided by the digital bass note value generator but is not utilized by the decoder-keyer circuit 18. The decoder-keyer circuit now only responds to input data received from the pedal clavier 26 of the organ. The decoder-keyer selects the highest frequency `
pedal signal input, chooses an appropriate MDD frequency corresponding to the pedal signal, divides the MDD frequency into bass range and supplies the bass range frequency signal to the keyer circuit to provide a musical output.
To place the pedal teaching system 30 in the perform -mode, the organist closes the rehearse/perform or R/P switch 34 mounted on the instrument console. The output of R/P switch 34 is connected to the output of P/W switch 28 and places the Bass Note Generation System in the manual pedal high select mode. Now, the bass note value data and the enable signal are received by the pedal teaching system 30 but are ,~
.
,~
not used by the decoder-keyer circuit 18. The pedal teaching system 30 rhythmically illuminates the root pedal light and the fifth pedal light to coincide with the appropriate root/
fifth routine as described above. ~lowever, the organist must now perform by actually depressing the pedals to produce an audible bass note output.
The instrument player can select a non-rhythmic rehearse or non-rhythmic perform mode of operation by turning off the tempo clock input to the digital bass note value generator from the rhythm unit 22.
In the preferred embodiment, the tempo clock signal is eliminated by turning off a switch on the organ console which controls the rhythm unit. As an alternative, a moving/static or M/S switch 36 is connected to the tempo output line of the rhythm unit 22. In the moving or OFF position of switch 36~ the pedal system 30 operates as described above. In the static or ON position, the M/S switch turns the beat counter of the digital bass note generator 14 off. With the beat counter off, the digital bass note generator provides only the digital bass note value corresponding to the root of a recognized chord or the lowest note value of-the keys actually depressed if no chord pattern is recognized. The pedal system 30 operates as described above for the rehearse or perform mode, but the only pedal light illuminated corresponds to the root bass note. Thus, if the organist '.
.. . ..
7C~
depresses a combination of keys forming a chord or utilizes the optional one finger chord system 16 and depresses a single key corresponcling to a chord, the organist sees the pedal light corresponding to the root bass note for that chord. Since the rhythm input is off, the pedal system 30 is static with only the root pedal light illuminated and the usual rhythmic movement between the root pedal light and the fifth pedal light is eliminated.
Figure 2 is a detailed schematic of the pedal teaching system 30. If the instrument player turns PT switch 32 to the ON position, the system is activated. The enable signal and the digital bass note value from generator 14 are received at the inputs to series to parallel converter 40. The series to parallel converter 40 is a standard device well-known in the art and further description is deemed unnecessary. The logic discussed throughout the specification is clocked logic which is well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Hence for clarity of description no specific reference is made to the clock signals inherent in the system. The digital bass note value is converted in~o a five bit digital signal at the five output lines of converter 40. The least significant bit line or bit line 1 and bit line 2 are respectively connected to inputs A and B of individual decoder 42. The bit line 4 and bit line ~ Erom converter 40 are respectively connected to inputs A and B of group decoder 44. The individual decoder is activated if the input signal to enable terminal E is at logic 0 state. When the instrument player turns the PT switch 32 to the ON position, the inverter 43 .~
.. ~, . . .
-~Z~7C~
receives a logic 1 state signal at its input. The logic O
state signal at the output of inverter 43 is connected to the enable terminal E activating the individual decoder 42.
The bit line 16 from the converter 40 is connected to the enable terminal E of group decoder 44. The group decoder is activated if the bit line 16 is in the logic O state and is deactivated if bit line 16 is in the logic 1 state.
The group decoder 44 and the individual decoder 42 are well-known devices in the art which provide an output signal on one of four lines depending on the binary value at its input such as the Motorola binary decoder No. MC 14555.
~07~
The code or truth table for the group decoder 44 is as follows:
CHAP~T 1 BI~AR~' GROUP DECODER GROUP DECODER
VALUE Ii`~PUTS (BA ) OUTPUT
00000 00 Ql 00001 C0 Ql 00010 00 Ql 00011 00 Ql 1~ 01001 10 Q3 01111 . 11 Q4 Thus, upon receipt of binary values 0 through 3 the Ql output line of group decoder 44 is set to a logic 1 state, upon receipt of binary values 4 through 7 the Q2 output line is set to a logic 1 state, upon receipt of binary values 8 through 11 the Q3 output line is set to a logic 1 state, and upon receipt of binary values 12 through 15 the Q4 output line is set to a logic 1 state. At binary value 10000, the input on bit line 16 to group decoder 44 is at a logic 1 and the group decoder 44 is deactivated.
- . . . ~ ,. ..
~Z1~7~9 Each output line Ql throuch Q4 of group decoder 44 is respectively connected to a driver 46, 48, 50 and 52. In the preferred erboairent, each ~river is a transistor which receives the respective output of group decoder 44 at its base terminal, has its collector terminal tied in comr.on to a positive voltase source V throuah a resistor and has its eritter respectively connected to lines GD 1 throush GD 4. The bit line 16 fro~ converter 40 is connected to the bass of driver 5~. The collector of driver 54 is connected to the co~.on voltage V and its emitter is connected to line C.
-.. . .
7l~
The code or truth table for the individual decoder 42 is as follows:
Cl~A_T 2 INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL
BINARY DECODER DECODER
VALUE INPUTS BA OUTPUT
00000 00 Ql 00100 00 Ql OOllC 10 Q3 01000 00 Ql 01001 0~ Q2 01100 00 Ql 10000 00 Ql Thus, upon receipt of a binary signal ~ith a 0 as the least significant bit and 0 in the second bit position, the Ql output line of indivi~ual decoder 42 is set to a logic 1 state. In the above code the ~1 output line is set to a losic 1 state upon receipt of binary values 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16.
In a similar manner the Q2 output line is set to a logic 1 state upon receipt of binary values 1, 5, 9, 13 and 17, the Q3 output line is set to a logic 1 upon receipt of binary values 2, 6, 10, 14 an 18, anc the Q4 output line is set to a logic 1 state upon receipt of binary values 3, 7, 11, 15 anc 19. Of course, the remainins binary bits have no ef~~ect on the outputs of the individual decoder 42.
Each output line Ql through Q4 of individual decoder 42 is respectively connected to the base of driver transistor 56, 58, 60 and 62. The emitter of each driver 56 through ~2 is connected in common to a negative voltage V- and the collectors are respectively connected to lines IDl, ID2, ID3 and ID4.
The line GDl from driver 46 is connected to the anodes of a first bank of four LED devices Bl. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other standard li~ht sources can be used. The line GD2 from driver 48 is connected to the anodes of a second bank of four LED devices B2. The line GD3 is connected to the anodes of a third bank of LED devices B3. The line GD4 is connected to the anodes of a fourth bank of LED devices B4. The line C from driver 54 is connected to the fifth bank of LED
devices B5. The line IDl is connected to the cathode of o~
the first LED in bank Bl, and the first LED in each of the banks B2 through B5. The line ID2 is connected to the cathode of the second LED in bank B2, and the second LED
in each of the banks B2 through B5. The line ID3 is connected to the third LED in bank Bl, and the third LED
in each of the banks B2 through B5. The line ID4 is connected to the fourth LED bank Bl, and the fourth LED
in each of the banks B2 through B5.
For example, upon receipt of the binary value 00110, the group decoder 44 receives a logic 0 from bit line 8 at input terminal B and logic 1 from bit line 4 at input terminal A. The individual decoder 42 receives a logic 1 from bit line
2 at input terminal B and a logic 0 from bit line 1 at input terminal A. The group decoder 44 provides a logic 1 output on line Q2 in accord with Chart 1. The driver 48 is turned on and line GD2 is at a positive potential. The individual decoder 42 provides a logic 1 output on line Q3 in accord with Chart 2. The driver 60 is turned on and line ID3 is at a negative potential. Thus, the third LED in bank B2 is energized. It is apparent that as the binary bass note value input varies between binary 0 through binary 19 corresponding to the twenty keys from the organ manual a unique one of the diodes in the various banks is energized , in accord with the following code.
.~YI .
112(~Q~
C~TART 3 GRO~lP INDIVIDUAL
BI~AP~Y D~.CODER DECODER LED BANK
VAL~l~ LINE L ~E AND POS.
00000 GDl IDl Bl Pl 00001 GDl ID2 Bl P2 00010 GDl ID3 Bl P3 00011 GDl ID4 Bl P4 00100 GD2 IDl B2 Pl 01000 GD3 IDl B3 Pl 01100 GD4 IDl B4 Pl 10000 C IDl B5 Pl The above description provides for a LED display corresponding to each key associated with the Bass Note Generation System on the manual 12. However, the standard spinet organ has only thirteen pedals and the bass note value data above this bass range is not useful. In the preferred embodiment, the pedal teaching system is used on a spinit organ with the limited pedal range and the bass note value data received by the converter 40 which corresponds to notes above the first twelve pedal octave range is folded back into the pedal octave range.
The decoder-keyer circuit can be restricted to playing the bass note musical OlltpUt in one octave by use oE the second octave input. Thus, only twelve LED devices are necessary and are positioned above the first twelve pedals. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the last or thirteenth pedal could also be e~uipped with a corresponding LED device and the circuit modified to appropriately energize this LED device.
In the preferred embodiment the octave foldback is achieved by connecting the bit line 16 to output line Q2 of the group decoder 44 by strap 70 and by connecting output line Q4 to output line Ql of the group decoder 44 by strap 72. Thus, if binary value 01110 is received by converter 40, the group decoder output Q4 is at a logic 1 and individual decoder output line Q3 is at a logic 1. The group decoder line Q4 is connected by strap 72 to line Ql so that driver 46 is on Q~
and line GDl is at positive potential. The line ID3 is at a negative potential and the LED in bank Bl at the third position is activated. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the LED banks B4 and B5 together with drivers 52 and 54 can be eliminated or just not used in the limited octave embodiments. Therefore, the binary value 01110 is folded back to energize the LED in the lower octave.
, , , .,; . . .
~L~207(~
The follo~lin~ chart sets forth the folded bac~
infor~ation code:
CllART 4 GROUP DECOD~R INDIVIDUAL LED BANK
BI~P.R~' V~LUE LI~E DECODED LI~TE P~D POS.
00000 GDl IDl Bl Pl 00001 GDl ID2 Bl P2 00010 GDl ID3 Bl P3 00011 GDl ID4 Bl P4 00100 GD2 IDl B2 Pl 01000 GD3 ID1 B3 Pl 01100 GDl IDl Bl Pl 01101 GDl ID2 Bl P2 01110 GDl ID3 Bl P3 01111 GDl ID4 Bl P4 10000 GD2 IDl B2 Pl ., .. ~ , , ~ .
,:,, ,. .. . . ,: ,. . -11;~(~7q)~
The pres~nt dec~der system can be increased to process binar~ data ~ith a si~th bit by providing an additional group decoder in place of the present driver transistor 54 and an aàditional transistor to receive the si~th or 32nd bit line at its base. The e~pansion of the system to receive a si~: bit binarv data input e~:tends its range to three octaves. In the three octave system the lowest octave group decoder is enabled upon receipt of a logic 0 state at terminal E. The terminal E is connected to the outpu~ of an O~ gate which receives at its input the bit 16 line and the bit 32 line. The higher octave group decoder receives at its A and B inputs the same bit 4 line and bit ~ line as the lo~est octave group decoder. The enable termin21 E of the higher octave group decoder is connected to the output of an OR gate which receives at its input the inverted bit 16 line and the bit 32 line. The remainder of the system operates as described for the preferred embodiment. Thus, the decoder system receives binary data and drives an octavely relate number of loads and can be easily increased to accommodate an octavely relate increase in loads.
It is to be understood that the present disclosure is to be interpreted in its broadest sense and the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments dlsclosed. Furthermore, the em~odiments set forth can be modified or varied by applying current knowledge without department from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the invention.
~ laving described the invention, what is claimed is:
.~YI .
112(~Q~
C~TART 3 GRO~lP INDIVIDUAL
BI~AP~Y D~.CODER DECODER LED BANK
VAL~l~ LINE L ~E AND POS.
00000 GDl IDl Bl Pl 00001 GDl ID2 Bl P2 00010 GDl ID3 Bl P3 00011 GDl ID4 Bl P4 00100 GD2 IDl B2 Pl 01000 GD3 IDl B3 Pl 01100 GD4 IDl B4 Pl 10000 C IDl B5 Pl The above description provides for a LED display corresponding to each key associated with the Bass Note Generation System on the manual 12. However, the standard spinet organ has only thirteen pedals and the bass note value data above this bass range is not useful. In the preferred embodiment, the pedal teaching system is used on a spinit organ with the limited pedal range and the bass note value data received by the converter 40 which corresponds to notes above the first twelve pedal octave range is folded back into the pedal octave range.
The decoder-keyer circuit can be restricted to playing the bass note musical OlltpUt in one octave by use oE the second octave input. Thus, only twelve LED devices are necessary and are positioned above the first twelve pedals. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the last or thirteenth pedal could also be e~uipped with a corresponding LED device and the circuit modified to appropriately energize this LED device.
In the preferred embodiment the octave foldback is achieved by connecting the bit line 16 to output line Q2 of the group decoder 44 by strap 70 and by connecting output line Q4 to output line Ql of the group decoder 44 by strap 72. Thus, if binary value 01110 is received by converter 40, the group decoder output Q4 is at a logic 1 and individual decoder output line Q3 is at a logic 1. The group decoder line Q4 is connected by strap 72 to line Ql so that driver 46 is on Q~
and line GDl is at positive potential. The line ID3 is at a negative potential and the LED in bank Bl at the third position is activated. It should be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the LED banks B4 and B5 together with drivers 52 and 54 can be eliminated or just not used in the limited octave embodiments. Therefore, the binary value 01110 is folded back to energize the LED in the lower octave.
, , , .,; . . .
~L~207(~
The follo~lin~ chart sets forth the folded bac~
infor~ation code:
CllART 4 GROUP DECOD~R INDIVIDUAL LED BANK
BI~P.R~' V~LUE LI~E DECODED LI~TE P~D POS.
00000 GDl IDl Bl Pl 00001 GDl ID2 Bl P2 00010 GDl ID3 Bl P3 00011 GDl ID4 Bl P4 00100 GD2 IDl B2 Pl 01000 GD3 ID1 B3 Pl 01100 GDl IDl Bl Pl 01101 GDl ID2 Bl P2 01110 GDl ID3 Bl P3 01111 GDl ID4 Bl P4 10000 GD2 IDl B2 Pl ., .. ~ , , ~ .
,:,, ,. .. . . ,: ,. . -11;~(~7q)~
The pres~nt dec~der system can be increased to process binar~ data ~ith a si~th bit by providing an additional group decoder in place of the present driver transistor 54 and an aàditional transistor to receive the si~th or 32nd bit line at its base. The e~pansion of the system to receive a si~: bit binarv data input e~:tends its range to three octaves. In the three octave system the lowest octave group decoder is enabled upon receipt of a logic 0 state at terminal E. The terminal E is connected to the outpu~ of an O~ gate which receives at its input the bit 16 line and the bit 32 line. The higher octave group decoder receives at its A and B inputs the same bit 4 line and bit ~ line as the lo~est octave group decoder. The enable termin21 E of the higher octave group decoder is connected to the output of an OR gate which receives at its input the inverted bit 16 line and the bit 32 line. The remainder of the system operates as described for the preferred embodiment. Thus, the decoder system receives binary data and drives an octavely relate number of loads and can be easily increased to accommodate an octavely relate increase in loads.
It is to be understood that the present disclosure is to be interpreted in its broadest sense and the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments dlsclosed. Furthermore, the em~odiments set forth can be modified or varied by applying current knowledge without department from the spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the invention.
~ laving described the invention, what is claimed is:
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An electronic organ having a keyboard, a pedal clavier, a generator responsive to said keyboard for pro-viding data representative of a bass note routine and a pedal indicator system positioned in proximity to said pedal clavier and comprising: a converter responsive to said bass note routine data for providing a plurality of binary output signals; a decoder circuit responsive to said binary output signals and having a plurality of decoder output lines and comprising: an individual decoder circuit responsive to the two least significant bits of said binary output signals and having a plurality of individual decoder output lines; and said individual decoder providing a signal on one of said plurality of decoder output lines representative of the binary value of said two least significant bits of said binary output signals; at least one group decoder circuit responsive to the remainder of said binary output signals and having a plurality of group decoder output lines; said group decoder circuit providing a signal on one of said plurality of group decoder output lines representative of the binary value of the remainder of said binary output signals; light means comprising a plurality of banks of light sources and each of said banks having a plurality of light sources and said light means being connected to said decoder output lines; each of said individual decoder output lines from said individual decoder are connected in circuit to one of said light sources in each of said banks; and each of said group output lines from said group decoder are connected in circuit to all of said light sources in respective ones of said banks; said bass note routine data contains octavely related information corresponding to a number of keys on said keyboard; said decoder circuit providing an output signal on at least one of said output lines to uniquely drive at least one of said plurality of light sources; and an octave limiter means connected in circuit to at least some of said group decoder output lines for folding back octavely related data exceeding the octave capacity of said light means into a lower octave range.
2. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said decoder circuit rhythmically provides said output signal on selected ones of said output lines to uniquely drive respective ones of said plurality of light sources in unison with said bass note routine.
3. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 2 wherein said individual decoder output signal in combination with said group decoder output signal uniquely energize one of said light sources for indicating the pedal in said pedal clavier associated with the bass note forming part of said bass note routine.
4. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 3 further comprising a decoder-keyer circuit receiving said data representative of a bass note routine for rhythmically providing a musical bass note output corresponding to said bass note routine.
5. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 4 further comprising a switch means actuable by an instrument player and connected in circuit to said decoder keyer for disabling said decoder-keyer from using said data represent-ative of said bass note routine.
6. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 5 wherein said decoder-keyer circuit is connected in circuit with said pedal clavier for providing a musical bass note output in response to the depression of one of said pedals so that the instrument player can depress the pedal associated with said energize light source to produce the appropriate musical bass note forming part of said bass note routine.
7. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 1 further comprising: a switch means actuable by an instrument player and connected in circuit to said generator for causing said generator to provide data representative of a bass root note of a chord played on said keyboard; and, wherein said decoder circuit provides said output signal on a selected one of said output lines to uniquely drive a respective one of said plurality of light sources in unison with said bass root note.
8. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said individual decoder output signal in combination with said group decoder output signal uniquely energize one of said light sources for indicating the pedal in said pedal clavier associated with said bass root note of said chord played on said keyboard.
9. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 8 further comprising a decoder-keyer circuit receiving said data representative of a bass root note for providing a musical bass note output corresponding to said bass root note.
10. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 9 further comprising a switch means actuable by an instrument player and connected in circuit to said decoder-keyer for disabling said decoder-keyer for using said data represent-ative of said bass root note.
11. A pedal indicator system as set forth in claim 10 wherein said decoder-keyer circuit is connected in circuit with said pedal clavier for providing a musical bass note output in response to the depression of one of said pedals so that the instrument player can depress the pedal associated with said energized light source to provide the appropriate musical bass root note corresponding to said chord played on the keyboard.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000304014A CA1120709A (en) | 1978-05-24 | 1978-05-24 | Pedal teaching aid for an electronic musical instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000304014A CA1120709A (en) | 1978-05-24 | 1978-05-24 | Pedal teaching aid for an electronic musical instrument |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1120709A true CA1120709A (en) | 1982-03-30 |
Family
ID=4111543
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000304014A Expired CA1120709A (en) | 1978-05-24 | 1978-05-24 | Pedal teaching aid for an electronic musical instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1120709A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-05-24 CA CA000304014A patent/CA1120709A/en not_active Expired
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