CA1118323A - Apparatus for cutting and trimming shingles - Google Patents
Apparatus for cutting and trimming shinglesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1118323A CA1118323A CA000366438A CA366438A CA1118323A CA 1118323 A CA1118323 A CA 1118323A CA 000366438 A CA000366438 A CA 000366438A CA 366438 A CA366438 A CA 366438A CA 1118323 A CA1118323 A CA 1118323A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shingle
- shingles
- cutting
- block
- trimming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27B—SAWS FOR WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COMPONENTS OR ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- B27B31/00—Arrangements for conveying, loading, turning, adjusting, or discharging the log or timber, specially designed for saw mills or sawing machines
- B27B31/06—Adjusting equipment, e.g. using optical projection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
- B27G1/00—Machines or devices for removing knots or other irregularities or for filling-up holes
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A method and apparatuses are disclosed for making shingles. The method consists of clampingly holding a block of material to be cut and conveying such block while it is clamped along a selected path through the clamping mechanism and causing relative movement between two cutting means which are inclined relative to one another to firstly cut a shingle from the block tapering in one direction and followed by a second shingle tapering in the opposite direction. The apparatus includes means for receiving and clampingly holding blocks as they are fed in sequence thereto and means to feed the block while it is clamped. The block is fed into the path of two cutting mechanisms and upon relative movment of the clamped block and the cutting mechanisms, the first cutting mechanism cuts first one shingle tapering in one direction and the second mechanism thence cuts a second shingle from the block tapering in an opposite direction, the cutting mechanisms being inclined relative to one another providing the appropriate taper for the shingles cut thereby from the block. The block clamping and feed mechanism includes two power driven spaced apart conveyors inclined in a direction toward one another in the direction of feed, progressively applying increased clamping forces to the block as it is moved therethrough toward the cutting mechanism. The conveyors each have a plurality of driven rollers disposed parallel to one another and are driven in synchronism, moving the block incrementally in amounts corres-ponding to the thickness of shingle desired. The cut shingles are conveyed to an edge trimming apparatus and are moved by conveying means through at least one trimming station having cutting means for trimming the edges of the shingle. Upstream of the cutting means there is located a scanner that provides information to a computer that processes the information and actuates movement of the trimming saws to trim the edges of the shingle minimizing the amount of waste for each shingle, Defect cutting devices are also provided for removing defects in shingles and they too are controlled by information provided by the computer.
A method and apparatuses are disclosed for making shingles. The method consists of clampingly holding a block of material to be cut and conveying such block while it is clamped along a selected path through the clamping mechanism and causing relative movement between two cutting means which are inclined relative to one another to firstly cut a shingle from the block tapering in one direction and followed by a second shingle tapering in the opposite direction. The apparatus includes means for receiving and clampingly holding blocks as they are fed in sequence thereto and means to feed the block while it is clamped. The block is fed into the path of two cutting mechanisms and upon relative movment of the clamped block and the cutting mechanisms, the first cutting mechanism cuts first one shingle tapering in one direction and the second mechanism thence cuts a second shingle from the block tapering in an opposite direction, the cutting mechanisms being inclined relative to one another providing the appropriate taper for the shingles cut thereby from the block. The block clamping and feed mechanism includes two power driven spaced apart conveyors inclined in a direction toward one another in the direction of feed, progressively applying increased clamping forces to the block as it is moved therethrough toward the cutting mechanism. The conveyors each have a plurality of driven rollers disposed parallel to one another and are driven in synchronism, moving the block incrementally in amounts corres-ponding to the thickness of shingle desired. The cut shingles are conveyed to an edge trimming apparatus and are moved by conveying means through at least one trimming station having cutting means for trimming the edges of the shingle. Upstream of the cutting means there is located a scanner that provides information to a computer that processes the information and actuates movement of the trimming saws to trim the edges of the shingle minimizing the amount of waste for each shingle, Defect cutting devices are also provided for removing defects in shingles and they too are controlled by information provided by the computer.
Description
~ 3~
_..
This is a divisionof applicationSerial No. 317,403 file~ December 5, 1978.
This invention relates to a method, apparatuses and combination of apparatuses for making shingles from logs of wood or blocks of material suitable for use as shingles.
Most shingle making systems utilized today require manually handling the rough CUt shingles as they are cut from a block and further manual handling to trim the edges of the rough cut shingles. The operation is quite dangerous for the operators as they are standing closely adjacent two power driven circular saws rotating in planes perpendicular to one another. The saws are approximately 30 inches in diameter and the operator,by hand,grabs each individual rough shingle ~s it is severed from a block of wood by one saw and pOSitiOl-S
and feeds it to tlle other saw to trim the edges of the shil-gle.
e op~rator~ fingers are closely adjacent one or the other of the two rotating saws and thus the operator must take extreme care so as not to lose a finger or two. In some areas, labour codes limit the number of shingles that can be handled per minute by each operator and this of course is for safety reasons to avoid fatigue, with resultant increased li~elihood of possible accidents. In some regions the operators are limited to handling a maximum of thirty four shingles per mlnute, which for the operator is relatively fast, but from a productivity ~oint of view is relatively low. The hand oper-ation in manufacturing shingles is also wasteful as the oper-ators, being mindful of their fingers, will waste more on an edge cut from a shingle than perhaps is necessary.
Attempts have been made by others to im~rove certain aspects of tlle operation in manufacturing shakes or shingles, One proposal is disclosed in Canadian Patent No. 949,855,
_..
This is a divisionof applicationSerial No. 317,403 file~ December 5, 1978.
This invention relates to a method, apparatuses and combination of apparatuses for making shingles from logs of wood or blocks of material suitable for use as shingles.
Most shingle making systems utilized today require manually handling the rough CUt shingles as they are cut from a block and further manual handling to trim the edges of the rough cut shingles. The operation is quite dangerous for the operators as they are standing closely adjacent two power driven circular saws rotating in planes perpendicular to one another. The saws are approximately 30 inches in diameter and the operator,by hand,grabs each individual rough shingle ~s it is severed from a block of wood by one saw and pOSitiOl-S
and feeds it to tlle other saw to trim the edges of the shil-gle.
e op~rator~ fingers are closely adjacent one or the other of the two rotating saws and thus the operator must take extreme care so as not to lose a finger or two. In some areas, labour codes limit the number of shingles that can be handled per minute by each operator and this of course is for safety reasons to avoid fatigue, with resultant increased li~elihood of possible accidents. In some regions the operators are limited to handling a maximum of thirty four shingles per mlnute, which for the operator is relatively fast, but from a productivity ~oint of view is relatively low. The hand oper-ation in manufacturing shingles is also wasteful as the oper-ators, being mindful of their fingers, will waste more on an edge cut from a shingle than perhaps is necessary.
Attempts have been made by others to im~rove certain aspects of tlle operation in manufacturing shakes or shingles, One proposal is disclosed in Canadian Patent No. 949,855,
- 2 -.
~, ~
~18323 issued January 25, 1974, to John ~. Ilughes. In this patent there is disclosed apparatus for making shakes and such apparatu~
consists of a feed mechanism mounted on a carriage that is reciprocably mova~le to feed a block thereon, to a revolving saw that is disposed in a fixed position. 1'he feed mechanism tilts the ~lock alternately first in one direction and thell in ano~l~r to cut shingles from the block, taperin~ first in one direction and then in a direction opposite thereto.
Another proposal is disclosed in Canadian Patent No.
571,062, i4su~d ~-e~ruary 24, 1959, to J.M. Copely, and which discloses apparatus for trimming edges of shingles. In this patent there is also briefly disclosèd conveyor means for moving shingles flatwise, to and through a work station. In Canadian Patent No. 478,270, issued November 6, 1951, to L~ , there is disclosed another conveyiny means for trans~orting shingles to and through a shingle finisll-ing station.
The fore~oiny references typically exemplify the fact that the prior proposals have been directed only to one or the other of the many different facets or operations in making shingles.
One object of the present invention is to provide an integrated system and apparatus for making shingles.
Another o~ject of the present invention is to provide various novel a~aratuses which may be used independently or in association with one another.
Another object of the present invention is to mechanize the operation in making shingles, to improve product-ivity and quality of shingle produced, while at the same time ~1~83Z3 reduce waste.
The parent application is directed to a method of making tapered shingles comprising: clampingly holding a block of material to be cut into shingles; conveying the block while it is clamped along a selected path through the clamping mechanism, intermittently and in substantially equal increments, in the same direction, at each of opposite ends of the block;
causing relative movement between a first cutting means and the clamped block to cut a first shingle from the leading face of the block tapering in thickness in one direction relative to the length of the shingle; and causing relative movement between a second cutting means and the clamped block to cut a second shingle from the block tapering in thickness in a direction opposite to that of the first shingle, said first and second cutting means cutting respectively along planes inclined relatively to one another and traversing the path of travel of the block.
The present application is directed to apparatus for trimming shingles comprising movably mounted cutting means, a scanner, means for conveying the shingles in sequence through the field of view of the scanner and along a selected path past the cutting means, a computer operatively associated with the scanner for receiving and processing information from the latter as to selected parameters associated with each shingle, and means operatively associated with the cutting means to move the same in response to signals dervled from the computer for appropriately cutting the shingle as they are conveyed along the selected path. Preferably they are first and second cutting means spaced apart from one another along the path of travel of the shingles, with the scanner located upstream of the first cutting means. The scanner provides information to the computer which determines the maximum width for each shingle, and imperfections in the shingles, such as the location of knot holes. The computer from such information provides signals to actuate the respective first and second cutting means, so that the shingles are cut to the maximum width permitted and the imperfections removed.
Each of the first and second cutting means preferably comprise two cutting devices each movably mounted to move in directions transverse to the direction of travel of the shingle.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating schematically the overall shingle manufacturing process provided in accord-ance with one aspect of the present invention.
Figure 2 is similar to figure 1 but diagrammatically includes therein certain parts of the apparatus provided in accordance with the present invention for making shingles;
Figure 3 is a side elevational view of a block feed and shingle cutting apparatus provided in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 4 is similar to figure 3, but with parts ~1~8;~23 omitted or broken away to more clearly illustrate the feed mechanism;
Fi~3ure 5 is a front elevational view of the block feed mecllanism shown in fiyures 3 and 4;
Figure 6 is a top plan view of the block feed mechallism shown in figures 3 and 4;
Figure 7 is a detailedfront and end views of one of the driven ~eed rollers of the block feed mechanism;
Figure 8 is an oblique, broken view of the shingle ~ut~lng portion ~f the apparatus;
Figure 9 is a side elevational view o~ the front portion of a shi}lgle trimming apparatus provided in accordance with the present invention;
~ igure 10 is a continuation of figure 9, showing the remaining portion of ~le shingle trimming apparatus;
Figure 11 is a top view of Figures 9 and 10 taken toye th er;
Figure 12, appearing on the same sheet of drawings as Fig. 6, is a top plan diagrammatic view of the scanner illustrating the function of the same;
Figure 13, appearing on the same sheet of drawings as Fig. 10, is a schematic of the sensing and computer control of the shingle trimming apparatus; and Figure 14 is a schematic illustrating basic functions of the computer.
The overall process is diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 1 and referring thereto the process in general consists of conveylng logs to a log cutting station to sever the log into blocks of selected length. From the cutting station the logs are moved to a splitting station where they ~l~8323 are split into appropriate size and/or shaped portions and/or relative to the grain for subse4uently ~eing cut into ~hinyles.
qhe split blocks are conveyed to a storing station from which tney are fed by way of a conveyor to a ~hingle cutting statiorl.
lBe shingles fronl the shingle cutting station are conveyed to and through an edging or trimming station and tlle finished shingles are tllen sorted and those unsuita~le for use passed to waste or remdnufacturing while the r~maining are packaged L-or s}lipll~ellt. lhe ~resent invention concerns not only the overall process for making s}lingles but also particular a~paratus involving the shingle cutting station the shingle edging or trimming station and the conveyors. As will be seen hereinafter there i~ provided a novel conveyor apparatus for moving t~le split blocks incrementally and holding them while a novel cutting arrangement is utilized to cut shingles in sequence from the leading face of the block fed thereto by t}le conveying system and a combination of such a~paratuses. At th~
shingle edgin~ station there is novel apparatus for edging the shingles which includes movably mounted cutting means oper-atively associated with a scanner and computer to detect anddetermine where cuts are necessary for edging and/or removing defects. ~he c~m~uter actuates movement of the cutting appar-dtUS so that th~ sllingle will be appro~riately cut as it is moved along by conveying means. A novel conveying apparatus is also provided to align the sllingles for trim~ling edges squared to the butt end of the shingle.
Referring to figure 2 logs A are conveyed endwise by a conveyor B of any suitable form to a log cutting station C.
At this station there is a stop mechanism Cl positioned relative to a log severing mechanism C2 to cut a block of preselected :
$118323 length from the leading end of the log and which determine~
the length of the shingles which normally are 16 inches or l8 inches. The ~top Cl is operatively associated witI~ the drive ~l of conveyor ~ to stop t~le same, and simultaneously therewith actuate operation of the cutting mecIlanism C2 to sever a block froal the log and such operative inter-relation-sIli~ is diagraI~natically illugtrated in ~igure 2 by respective lines Ll and L2. The blocks from station C are moved by way of a conveyor ~ to a block splitting station E and from there 1~ the split ~locks are fed by way o~ a conveyor F ~o a block st~rage station G. Erom the block storage station G blocks are conveyed in sequence by a ~onveyor II to a processing line consisting of a shingle cutting station I followed by a shingl~
tril~uing station J, followed by a shinyle sorting and bundlin-~
station K. There may be one or more processing lines each having their own split block storing station G, or alternatively all processing lines may be supplied from a conunon storage station. The s~lit blocks are cut into rough shingles at the shingle cutting station I, and the rough shingles therefrom 2~ are moved by a system of conveyors through the shingle edging or trimming apparatus identified by the refereIlce J. The trimnled ShillgleS pdSS therefrom to the grading and sorting station K where tl~ey are sorted as to ~uality and/or width into one of three or four different stations. Waste shingle4 are removed and those requiring remanufacturing are returned.
Shingles suitable for use are packed into ~undles of pre-determined size for s~.ipnlent.
SIIINGLE CUTTING SrArIO~
Details of various pieces of the apparatus of the .
~18323 sh.illgle cutting station I are shown in figures 3 to 9 in-clusive, and referring now to these figures the ~hingle cutting s~ation consigts of a shingle cutting section 200 and a coln~ined block clamping and index feed section 3~0. For convenience, the section 300 will hereinafter be referred to as the block feed and will be de~scribed in detail hereinafter.
The shinc31e cutting section ~see fi~ures 3 and 8) COJlSiSts of a rigid frame assembly 210, on wllich there is swinyably mounted cutting mechanisms generally referred to by the referellce numeral 250. The frame 210 has four corner pos~s 211 and on the top end thereof there is a rectangular peripheral frame consisting of side members or beams 212 and 213, inter-connected at opposed ends by cross beams 214 and 215.
~'he cutting mechanisms 250 are swingably mounted on the upper frame oscillating two separate cutting devices back and forth in a path transverse to the direction of feed of blocks conveyed incrementally thereto by the block feed conveyor 300. The two cutting devices are designated in general respectively by reference numerals 251 and 252, and since they are sul~stantially identical to one another, only one will be described in detail~ The cutting devices are inter-connected for swinging movement in timed relation so that cutting a shingle from the face of a block is first effected by one cutting device and then by the other as the frame oscillates back and forth.
The cutting device 252 consists of a ~ir of vertical rigid frame members 253 and 254, interconllected at the top by a cross bar 255 and at another position s~aced downwardly therefrom by a further cross bar 256. The rigid frame consist _ g _ ing of uprights 253 and 254 and cross bars 255 and 256 is hung in a swin~able manner from respectiVe beams 212 and 213 by a pair of journals 257, and a shaft 258. The shaft 258 is secured to the respective uprlghts 253 and 254 and journalled for pivotal movement in the pair of aligned bearing blocks or journals 257.
A second shaft 259 is journalled for rotation adjacent the lower end of respective members 253 and 254 by respective ones of a pair of bearing 260. Attached to one end of the shaft 259 is a circu-lar saw blade 261 and on the opposite end a drive pulley 262. The saw blade 261 is driven by way of an electric motor 263 mounted on cross beam 255, the saw being driven by way of one or more V-belts 264.
The cutting device or unit 251 is substantially the same as that of 252 and thus will not be described other than to designate the circular saw thereof 261A, and also point out that it is driven to rotate in a direction opposite to that of saw blade 261. The saw blades 261 and 261A rotate in respective ones of two different planes that are tilted in directions opposite to one another corresponding to the amount of taper desired for each shingle.
The pair of cutting devices 251, 252 are interconnected by a pair of adjustable length link members 265, 266. The frame of cutting device 252 has a rigid arm 267 secured to cross bars 256 and 255 and projects upwardly from the latter. The projecting portion has a series of apertures 268 to receive a pivot pin 269 connecting one end of an adjustable length link member 270 thereto. The link member 270 is associated with a drive mechanism that oscillates the frames back and forth about their respective mounting shafts 258.
The drive mechanism includes a motor 271, mounted on the peripheral frame by a suitable bracket, drivingly connected to a speed reducer 272 by way of a V-belt, or multiplicity of V-belts 273. Tlle output shaft of tlle speed reducer, by way of the pulley 274 and V-belt 275 drives a crank arm 276 journalled on a bracket 277 secured to tlle frame. Lin~
mem~er 270 is pivotally attached to the arm 276 by way of a pivot pin 278.
From the foregoing it will be clearly evident drive motor 271,through the drive mecllanism,will cause cutting devices 251 and 252 to oscillate back and fort~l and t~le amount of arcuate travel is determined by the location of pivot pin 269 relative to the pivot axis defined by shaft 258. Centeril~g of the cuttiny devices for corresponding travel relative to the path of travel of blocks fed thereto by block feed 300 can b~
adjusted by the variable length link 270.
As will ~e seen herbinafter, a shingle is CUt frOIII d block first by saw 26 and then by the saw 26A (or vice versa).
These saws are tilted relative to a vertical plane and in direc-tions opposite to one another so that olle saw will cut a shingle from the block ta~ering from one end towards the other, and the other saw will cut a similar tapered shingle but tapering in the opposite dir~ction. This tilt of the respective saws in the op~osite directions avoid4 the necessity of tilting the block to get a ta~ered ~l~ingle and permits utilizing apparatus that will securely hold the block while ~eing cut.
Details of the block feed 30a are illustrated in fiyures 3 to 7 inclusive, and referring to these figures there is illustrated respective upper and lower driven conveyors
~, ~
~18323 issued January 25, 1974, to John ~. Ilughes. In this patent there is disclosed apparatus for making shakes and such apparatu~
consists of a feed mechanism mounted on a carriage that is reciprocably mova~le to feed a block thereon, to a revolving saw that is disposed in a fixed position. 1'he feed mechanism tilts the ~lock alternately first in one direction and thell in ano~l~r to cut shingles from the block, taperin~ first in one direction and then in a direction opposite thereto.
Another proposal is disclosed in Canadian Patent No.
571,062, i4su~d ~-e~ruary 24, 1959, to J.M. Copely, and which discloses apparatus for trimming edges of shingles. In this patent there is also briefly disclosèd conveyor means for moving shingles flatwise, to and through a work station. In Canadian Patent No. 478,270, issued November 6, 1951, to L~ , there is disclosed another conveyiny means for trans~orting shingles to and through a shingle finisll-ing station.
The fore~oiny references typically exemplify the fact that the prior proposals have been directed only to one or the other of the many different facets or operations in making shingles.
One object of the present invention is to provide an integrated system and apparatus for making shingles.
Another o~ject of the present invention is to provide various novel a~aratuses which may be used independently or in association with one another.
Another object of the present invention is to mechanize the operation in making shingles, to improve product-ivity and quality of shingle produced, while at the same time ~1~83Z3 reduce waste.
The parent application is directed to a method of making tapered shingles comprising: clampingly holding a block of material to be cut into shingles; conveying the block while it is clamped along a selected path through the clamping mechanism, intermittently and in substantially equal increments, in the same direction, at each of opposite ends of the block;
causing relative movement between a first cutting means and the clamped block to cut a first shingle from the leading face of the block tapering in thickness in one direction relative to the length of the shingle; and causing relative movement between a second cutting means and the clamped block to cut a second shingle from the block tapering in thickness in a direction opposite to that of the first shingle, said first and second cutting means cutting respectively along planes inclined relatively to one another and traversing the path of travel of the block.
The present application is directed to apparatus for trimming shingles comprising movably mounted cutting means, a scanner, means for conveying the shingles in sequence through the field of view of the scanner and along a selected path past the cutting means, a computer operatively associated with the scanner for receiving and processing information from the latter as to selected parameters associated with each shingle, and means operatively associated with the cutting means to move the same in response to signals dervled from the computer for appropriately cutting the shingle as they are conveyed along the selected path. Preferably they are first and second cutting means spaced apart from one another along the path of travel of the shingles, with the scanner located upstream of the first cutting means. The scanner provides information to the computer which determines the maximum width for each shingle, and imperfections in the shingles, such as the location of knot holes. The computer from such information provides signals to actuate the respective first and second cutting means, so that the shingles are cut to the maximum width permitted and the imperfections removed.
Each of the first and second cutting means preferably comprise two cutting devices each movably mounted to move in directions transverse to the direction of travel of the shingle.
The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating schematically the overall shingle manufacturing process provided in accord-ance with one aspect of the present invention.
Figure 2 is similar to figure 1 but diagrammatically includes therein certain parts of the apparatus provided in accordance with the present invention for making shingles;
Figure 3 is a side elevational view of a block feed and shingle cutting apparatus provided in accordance with the present invention;
Figure 4 is similar to figure 3, but with parts ~1~8;~23 omitted or broken away to more clearly illustrate the feed mechanism;
Fi~3ure 5 is a front elevational view of the block feed mecllanism shown in fiyures 3 and 4;
Figure 6 is a top plan view of the block feed mechallism shown in figures 3 and 4;
Figure 7 is a detailedfront and end views of one of the driven ~eed rollers of the block feed mechanism;
Figure 8 is an oblique, broken view of the shingle ~ut~lng portion ~f the apparatus;
Figure 9 is a side elevational view o~ the front portion of a shi}lgle trimming apparatus provided in accordance with the present invention;
~ igure 10 is a continuation of figure 9, showing the remaining portion of ~le shingle trimming apparatus;
Figure 11 is a top view of Figures 9 and 10 taken toye th er;
Figure 12, appearing on the same sheet of drawings as Fig. 6, is a top plan diagrammatic view of the scanner illustrating the function of the same;
Figure 13, appearing on the same sheet of drawings as Fig. 10, is a schematic of the sensing and computer control of the shingle trimming apparatus; and Figure 14 is a schematic illustrating basic functions of the computer.
The overall process is diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 1 and referring thereto the process in general consists of conveylng logs to a log cutting station to sever the log into blocks of selected length. From the cutting station the logs are moved to a splitting station where they ~l~8323 are split into appropriate size and/or shaped portions and/or relative to the grain for subse4uently ~eing cut into ~hinyles.
qhe split blocks are conveyed to a storing station from which tney are fed by way of a conveyor to a ~hingle cutting statiorl.
lBe shingles fronl the shingle cutting station are conveyed to and through an edging or trimming station and tlle finished shingles are tllen sorted and those unsuita~le for use passed to waste or remdnufacturing while the r~maining are packaged L-or s}lipll~ellt. lhe ~resent invention concerns not only the overall process for making s}lingles but also particular a~paratus involving the shingle cutting station the shingle edging or trimming station and the conveyors. As will be seen hereinafter there i~ provided a novel conveyor apparatus for moving t~le split blocks incrementally and holding them while a novel cutting arrangement is utilized to cut shingles in sequence from the leading face of the block fed thereto by t}le conveying system and a combination of such a~paratuses. At th~
shingle edgin~ station there is novel apparatus for edging the shingles which includes movably mounted cutting means oper-atively associated with a scanner and computer to detect anddetermine where cuts are necessary for edging and/or removing defects. ~he c~m~uter actuates movement of the cutting appar-dtUS so that th~ sllingle will be appro~riately cut as it is moved along by conveying means. A novel conveying apparatus is also provided to align the sllingles for trim~ling edges squared to the butt end of the shingle.
Referring to figure 2 logs A are conveyed endwise by a conveyor B of any suitable form to a log cutting station C.
At this station there is a stop mechanism Cl positioned relative to a log severing mechanism C2 to cut a block of preselected :
$118323 length from the leading end of the log and which determine~
the length of the shingles which normally are 16 inches or l8 inches. The ~top Cl is operatively associated witI~ the drive ~l of conveyor ~ to stop t~le same, and simultaneously therewith actuate operation of the cutting mecIlanism C2 to sever a block froal the log and such operative inter-relation-sIli~ is diagraI~natically illugtrated in ~igure 2 by respective lines Ll and L2. The blocks from station C are moved by way of a conveyor ~ to a block splitting station E and from there 1~ the split ~locks are fed by way o~ a conveyor F ~o a block st~rage station G. Erom the block storage station G blocks are conveyed in sequence by a ~onveyor II to a processing line consisting of a shingle cutting station I followed by a shingl~
tril~uing station J, followed by a shinyle sorting and bundlin-~
station K. There may be one or more processing lines each having their own split block storing station G, or alternatively all processing lines may be supplied from a conunon storage station. The s~lit blocks are cut into rough shingles at the shingle cutting station I, and the rough shingles therefrom 2~ are moved by a system of conveyors through the shingle edging or trimming apparatus identified by the refereIlce J. The trimnled ShillgleS pdSS therefrom to the grading and sorting station K where tl~ey are sorted as to ~uality and/or width into one of three or four different stations. Waste shingle4 are removed and those requiring remanufacturing are returned.
Shingles suitable for use are packed into ~undles of pre-determined size for s~.ipnlent.
SIIINGLE CUTTING SrArIO~
Details of various pieces of the apparatus of the .
~18323 sh.illgle cutting station I are shown in figures 3 to 9 in-clusive, and referring now to these figures the ~hingle cutting s~ation consigts of a shingle cutting section 200 and a coln~ined block clamping and index feed section 3~0. For convenience, the section 300 will hereinafter be referred to as the block feed and will be de~scribed in detail hereinafter.
The shinc31e cutting section ~see fi~ures 3 and 8) COJlSiSts of a rigid frame assembly 210, on wllich there is swinyably mounted cutting mechanisms generally referred to by the referellce numeral 250. The frame 210 has four corner pos~s 211 and on the top end thereof there is a rectangular peripheral frame consisting of side members or beams 212 and 213, inter-connected at opposed ends by cross beams 214 and 215.
~'he cutting mechanisms 250 are swingably mounted on the upper frame oscillating two separate cutting devices back and forth in a path transverse to the direction of feed of blocks conveyed incrementally thereto by the block feed conveyor 300. The two cutting devices are designated in general respectively by reference numerals 251 and 252, and since they are sul~stantially identical to one another, only one will be described in detail~ The cutting devices are inter-connected for swinging movement in timed relation so that cutting a shingle from the face of a block is first effected by one cutting device and then by the other as the frame oscillates back and forth.
The cutting device 252 consists of a ~ir of vertical rigid frame members 253 and 254, interconllected at the top by a cross bar 255 and at another position s~aced downwardly therefrom by a further cross bar 256. The rigid frame consist _ g _ ing of uprights 253 and 254 and cross bars 255 and 256 is hung in a swin~able manner from respectiVe beams 212 and 213 by a pair of journals 257, and a shaft 258. The shaft 258 is secured to the respective uprlghts 253 and 254 and journalled for pivotal movement in the pair of aligned bearing blocks or journals 257.
A second shaft 259 is journalled for rotation adjacent the lower end of respective members 253 and 254 by respective ones of a pair of bearing 260. Attached to one end of the shaft 259 is a circu-lar saw blade 261 and on the opposite end a drive pulley 262. The saw blade 261 is driven by way of an electric motor 263 mounted on cross beam 255, the saw being driven by way of one or more V-belts 264.
The cutting device or unit 251 is substantially the same as that of 252 and thus will not be described other than to designate the circular saw thereof 261A, and also point out that it is driven to rotate in a direction opposite to that of saw blade 261. The saw blades 261 and 261A rotate in respective ones of two different planes that are tilted in directions opposite to one another corresponding to the amount of taper desired for each shingle.
The pair of cutting devices 251, 252 are interconnected by a pair of adjustable length link members 265, 266. The frame of cutting device 252 has a rigid arm 267 secured to cross bars 256 and 255 and projects upwardly from the latter. The projecting portion has a series of apertures 268 to receive a pivot pin 269 connecting one end of an adjustable length link member 270 thereto. The link member 270 is associated with a drive mechanism that oscillates the frames back and forth about their respective mounting shafts 258.
The drive mechanism includes a motor 271, mounted on the peripheral frame by a suitable bracket, drivingly connected to a speed reducer 272 by way of a V-belt, or multiplicity of V-belts 273. Tlle output shaft of tlle speed reducer, by way of the pulley 274 and V-belt 275 drives a crank arm 276 journalled on a bracket 277 secured to tlle frame. Lin~
mem~er 270 is pivotally attached to the arm 276 by way of a pivot pin 278.
From the foregoing it will be clearly evident drive motor 271,through the drive mecllanism,will cause cutting devices 251 and 252 to oscillate back and fort~l and t~le amount of arcuate travel is determined by the location of pivot pin 269 relative to the pivot axis defined by shaft 258. Centeril~g of the cuttiny devices for corresponding travel relative to the path of travel of blocks fed thereto by block feed 300 can b~
adjusted by the variable length link 270.
As will ~e seen herbinafter, a shingle is CUt frOIII d block first by saw 26 and then by the saw 26A (or vice versa).
These saws are tilted relative to a vertical plane and in direc-tions opposite to one another so that olle saw will cut a shingle from the block ta~ering from one end towards the other, and the other saw will cut a similar tapered shingle but tapering in the opposite dir~ction. This tilt of the respective saws in the op~osite directions avoid4 the necessity of tilting the block to get a ta~ered ~l~ingle and permits utilizing apparatus that will securely hold the block while ~eing cut.
Details of the block feed 30a are illustrated in fiyures 3 to 7 inclusive, and referring to these figures there is illustrated respective upper and lower driven conveyors
3~1 and 3~2 driven in synchronism incrementally by drive means designated ~enerally by the reference nwneral 3~3. The upper and lower conveyorso the feed mechanism are mounted on a support ~ :
frame 304 con-~isting of a ~eldment of members which are rigidly attached to the frame 210 of the shingle cutting section 200.
The frame 304 has an u~per portion 305 and a lower portion 306 interconnected by vertical straps 307. In addition to frames 210 and 304 bein~ interconnected, the latter is provided with legs 308 to stabilize the entire structure.
The upper conveyor 301 has an outer frame 309 rigidly bolted to tlle up~er frame 305 by bolt and nut assemblies 310, in either one of two different positions, depending on the length of block to be fed to the saws. Figure 3 shows the upper conveyor in its lowermost position for 16 inch blocks and the frame 305 is provided with additional holes 311 to locate the conveyor in an upper pOsitiOIl for receiving and conveying 18 inch blocks. These dimensions however may be varied dépending upon the length of block utilized for making ~hingles.
Secured to and projecting downwardly from the frame 309 are a pair of anns 312, and journalled on these arms, adjacent the free end thereof, is a first roller 314A of a plurality of roller~ 314 that constitute the upper conveyor.
Additional rollers of the upper conveyor, downg~ream from the in-feed end are designated respectively, 314B, C, D, etc. and the last of which is designated 314G. Opposite ends of each adjacent pair of rollers are interconnected by res~ective ones of a pair of links 315 and each pair of links are interconnected by a cross bar 316. Each cross bar 316 is connected to a rigid frame member consistiny of interconnected angle members 317, 318 and 319, by a pair of guide bolts 320 coaxially disposed within compression springs 321. The guide bolts are attached to the bars 316 at one end and the opposite end UaS~es througt an aperture in respective ones of members 317 and 319 and re-tained in an assel~led state with the ~pring under compressiol-~y way of nuts 322.
The roller~ 314 interconJIected by links 315 effe~L-ively form an drticulated link conveyor and forces are a~plied thereto to claJ~ Jly engage the ~lock ~etween the upper and lower conveyor tlrough the compresgion s~rirlg~ by d plleUlllatiC
~r llydraulic cylinder unit 323. rhe cylinder of tne hydrauli~
1~ cylinder unit is fixed relative to the frame (304 305 21~) and the uiston rod end is connected to member 318 by way of th~
pivot pin 324. l`lle ~ars 317 and 319 at the opposite end tllereof relative Lo mel~er 318 are pivotally attached to fra~l~e 3~9 ~y Wdy of pivot pins 325.
lhe feed rollers 314 will be described in detail hereinafter ~ut at this point it will be mentioned that each s}laft thereof has two sprockets fixed to one end thereof so as to be driven ~y roller chains looped around tlle sprockets of two adjacent rollers. The roller 314G i.e. the furthest from the in-feed end of the conveyor is driven by way of a one way clutch 326 mounted on the shaft of tl~e roller. The clutch is preferd~ly a ratchet type and has an arm 327 attach~
thereto witl- an el~llgate slot 328 therein in which tllere is attached one end of a push rod 329. The attachment to the lever 327 is such that the push rod can pivot relative thereto and is adjustably positionable at any location longitudinally alon~ the slot. This adjustment permits s~lectively varying the ~uount of incremental feed of the ~lock and determineS
the thickness of shingle to be cut from the leading end of the ~1~8323 block.
The lower conveyor 302 consists of a ~lurdlity ~f driv~ll rollers 330, the last one of which, dowllstr~dnl from the in-fe~d ~nd o~ the conveyor, is desiynated 330P. q~he rollers 330 are ~-dch jourllalled for rotation on the fr~ne 304, and each adjacellt pair are drivingly int~rconnected by roll.er chaill 331. The roller 330P i6 driv~n throu~h a one way clutch 332, mounted Oll the shaft thereof, which iS the same as the one way clutch 326 except for direction of drive.
The one way clutch 332 has an arm 333 attached thereto and in which there is located an elongate slot 334. A push rod 335 has one end thereof attached to the arm 333 by way of the slot 334 and, as in ~L~Vious case, is pivotal but selectively slidab,le and positionable at any position longitudinally alol~g the slot.
The ~ush rods 329 and 335 are attached by way of a pivot pin 336 to the piston rod 337 of an air or hydraulic cylinder unit 338. 'l~he cylinder unit 338 is double acting and reciprocation of the piston rod cause~ the rollers of the 2~ respective up~er and lower conveyors to rotate counter to one ano~her, moving a block clampingly engaged between the upper and lower conveyors in a direction to tl-e right as viewed in figure 4. The block is moved increment~lly by way of the ratchet clutches an ~lount corresponding to the thicknes5 of shingle to be cut from the leading fac~ of the block.
Actuation of the air cylinder unit 338 is timed with the swinging movement of the cutting devices, by a switch 340 mounted on the saw supporting frame 212 (see figure 8~. The switch 340 is operated by a lever ~41 attached to shaft 258 ' mounting the saw unit 252 on the frame, and controls operation of valves for the fluid circuitry of cylinder unit 338 (or power actuator as it may also be called).
From figure 4 it will be seen the lower conveyor 30~ is longer than the upper conveyor 301. ~locks to be cut into shingles are fed to the lower conveyor by way of a gravity roller conveyor 350 after wllich they are moved to the right ~s viewed in figure 4 by the lower driven conveyor 302. The s~ace between the upper and lower conveyor is such that at the in-feed end of the upper conveyor there is room for the block to be conveyed tllereinto by the lower conveyor. These conveyors converge in a direction toward one another in the direction of feed and thus as tlle block moves progressively to tne right (as viewed in figure 4) it is clampingly engaged between the upper and lower conveyors securely holding the block to with-standing forces applled thereto during cutting. The forces applying clamping pressure are applied by way of the pnewnatic or hydraulic cylinder 323, which supplies a downward force on the frame (317, 318, 319) and which in turn, by way of com-pression springs 321 applies downward forces on the adjacent pairs of rollers.
As previously mentioned and clearly illustrated in figure 3, the driv~n circular saw blades 261, 261A are tilted in o~posite directions to one another relative to a vertical plane. In operation the block is fed in increments by the upper and lower conveyors by way of the drive mechanism and pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 333. A first shingle will be cut for example by saw blade 261 as the frame swings to the left as viewed in figure 8, and on the return stroke, when the saw 261 is clear of the block, the block will be indexed forwardly by the conveyor for another shingle. As the frame swings further to the right as viewed in figure 8, another shingle will be cut from the leading face of tJle block by saw blade 261A. It will be readily apparent from this and the slope of the two SdW blades that the shingle cut by the saw blade 261 will taper from one end to the other and the shingle cut by saw blade 261A will taper in the opposite direction.
As far as the rollers of the upper and lower conveyors are concerned, attelltion is directed to figure 7 which illus-trates feed roll 314~ in detail. The feed roller has a shaft 350 on which there is mounted (or alternatively formed integrally therewith) a plurality of wheels 351 spaced apart from one another longitudinally along the shaft and secured thereto for rotation therewith. Each of the wheels 351 has a saw tooth periphery or other rouyh surface for tractively engaging a block to be propelled thereby. The shaft 350 is journalled for rotation at opposite ends thereof in respective ones of the pair of links 315 previously described that interconnect adjacent pairs of the driven rollers. One end of the shaft has a pair of sprockets 352 and 353 for rolling engagement with chains 331. One cllain 331 is looped around a sprocket of each adjacent pair of rollers. From figure ~ it will be clearly seen that the double sprockets effectively provide two rows of link chains 331, there being a link chain drivillgly interconnecting each adjacent pair of rollers throughout the length of the conveyor. The one way clutch 326 has a ratchet in the hub coo~erating in a conventional manner with a notched drive wheel connected to the shaft 350.
1~183~3 S5~INGLE TRIMMING STATION
The rough cut shingles from the shingle cutting station are guided by way of a downwardly inclined chute or trough 400, either into a collecting ~in located in the prox-imity of the in-feed conveyor for the shingle edging section J, or alternatively onto a conveyor 401 which delivers them in sequence to the shingle trimming station J. The shingle trinun-ing station consists of an infeed conveyor 600, a sensor 700 having a computer operatively associated therewith, a conveyor 800, a first shingle trin~ing section 900, which is followed by a conveyor 1000. A shingle hold down and assist conveyor 1100 is associated with adjacent ends of conveyors 800 and 1000 and the trimming section 900. Preferably there is also a ~econd shingle trimming section 900A operatively associated with a second transfer and shingle hold down conveyor 1100A and which is followed by an outfeed conveyor 1200 that corlveys the shingles to the shingle collecting and packa~ing station K.
Shingles from tne conveyor 4Ci are ~eposited in sequence on the infeed conveyor 600 of the shingle edging station J with the thick butt end trailing in reference to the direction of travel of the infeed conveyor. Improperly oriented shingles can be detected and appropriately turned in many different ways. This function can be carried out man-ually or mechanically. For example, a shingle orientation detection means 402 can be associated with conveyor 401 and a shingle turning mechanism 403 to actuate the latter for appropriately turning improperly oriented shingles. The turning mechanism 403 can be a suction wheel, finger, turning plate or combination thereof, all of which are well known in the conveyor art.
~il8323 The conveyor 6Q0 (See ~igures 2, 9 and 11) includes a table on whlch there is an upper flat surface 601, and over which bars of a bar conveyor move in the direction of the arrow as indic~ted in Figure 2. The bar conveyor consists of a pair of endless chains 602 spaced apart from one another laterally across the table and which are looped around sprockets respect-ively on an idler shaft 603 and a driven shaft 604. Shaft 604 is driven by way of motor 605 through a drive belt 606. The laterally spaced chains 602 are interconnected by a plurality of bars 606 spaced apart from one another longitudinally along - 17a -li~8323 the length of the table and such bars have their leading face 607 disposed perpendicular to the direction of travel of the conveyor. The up~er surface of the table top 601 has an aper-ture therein (or foraminous area) designated 608 and which by way of a conduit 609 is connected to a vacuum source. The vacuum source acts on a shingle passing thereover impeding movement of the shingle over the surface of the table top thlls re~uiring additional force by bar 606 to move tlle ~hingle alon~
the ta~le surface. This addi~ional force causes the butt end of the shingle to bear against the edge 607 of the bar, thus squaring the shingle for subsequent tri~ing ensuring that the edges of the shingle are perpendicular to the butt end. Othe means of impeding movement of the shingles may be utilized, for ex~ple, a roughened surface on the table to~, or material applied thereto, selected frictionally to impede the movement of the shingle so that if the shingle is askew relative to tl,~
direction of travel, it will be appropriately aligned for further processing by contact with the edge face 607 of the bar.
By having the butt end of the shingle completely in contact with the edge face 607, the shingle is squared for trimming by saws or otl~er cutting devices further downstream~
Fro~ the conveyor 600 the shingles pass onto conveyor B00 and in so doing traverse the field of view of a scanner 70~ located therebetween. The scanner consists of a light source 701 and a detector section 702. The light source 701 consists of a plurality of incandescent bulbs located in alignment longitudinally across the path of travel of the shingle and at a position therebetween. Ttle detector section has one or more sensors located above the path of travel of the - lB -. ~183Z3 shingle and is aligned wit}l the light source. The sllingles passing through between the light source 701 and detector 702 provide a signal to a computer 703 which controls actuation of the trinLming sections downstream of tlle siensor.
Figure 12 diagrallunatically illustrates a shingle S
being scanned and relative to a reference line T parallel to the direction of travel of the shingle. ~rhe scanner detects dimensions indicated as U, V, W and X. q~his information is fed to the computer 703 controlling movement of cutting devices further downstream, and from such information provides signals to cut along lines designated Ul, Xl, Vl and Wl. Dimension U
provides information as to the minimum amount which can be trimmed from one ed~e of the shingle and dimension X provides information as to the minimwn amount which can be trimmed from the other edge of the shingle. Dimensions V and W provide information for removal of, for example, an open knot hole, suL,-dividing the shin~Jle S into shingles Sl and S2.
From conveyor 600 the shingles pass on to conveyor 800 W~liCh consists of an endless belt 801 looped around idlers 802 and 803 disposed respectively at opuosite ~rlds of a table support 804. An idler 805 is disposed L~elow the table, as is also a driven roller 806 and the endless belt 801 is looped around these rollers. The driven roller 806 is mounted in journals 807 adjustd~ly movable relative to a support 808 to tension the endless belt 801. Roller 806 i5 driven by way of the electric motor 605 through a V-belt 809.
Above the upper traverse of the endless belt 801, there are two idlers 810 and 811 journalled for rotation on re~pective shafts 812 and 813. The shaft B12 is disposed adjacent ~83~Z3 the free end of a pair of arms 814 pivotally attached at their opposite end to the table 804 by pivot pins 815. Similarly, shaft 813 is mounted adjacent the free end of a ~air of arms 816 pivotally attached at their opposite end to the table 804 by pivot pin 817. The rollers 810 and 811 are hold down roller~
ensuring the shingles to be trimmed are held in the same line of travel as the shingle moved when passing through t}~e field of view of the scanner.
An idler wheel 818 is in rolling engagement with the inner face of the endless belt 801 and provides information to the computer as to the lineal speed of the belt, which in turn corresponds to the feed of the shingles to the trimming section. From the conveyor the shingles pass to the first trimming section 900 on to the conveyor 1000, and from there to the second trimming section 900A on to an out feed conveyor 1100. ~ridging the gap between the conveyor 800 and conveyor 1000 and the gap between conveyor 1000 and conveyor 1100, are respective ones of a pair of hold down and assist conveyors designated respectively 1100 and llOOA.
Each trimming section 900 and 900A are the same and thus only one will be described herein. Trimming section 900 consists of a pair of power driven circular saws 901 and 902 mounted on respective ones of a pair of movable carriages 903 and 904. ~he carriages 903 and 904 are mounted on respective ones of a pair of ~arallel bars 905, for reciprocal movement in directions toward and away from the feed path of the - conveyors. The carriages are reciprocably moved by respective ones of hydraulic or pneumatic piston cylinder assemblies 906 and 907,which move the respective saws 901 and 902 to an ~ . .
, li~83~3 appropriate positiol as determinad by the computer to trim the respective opposite outer edges of the shingle, removing minimal material as determined by the computer from signals obtained by the s~nsor. The edge cuts by saws 901 and 9~2 are determined by respective dimensions U and X as indicated in figure 12. Each saw 901 and 902 is a circular saw blade mounted on the end of a shaft journalled on the respective carriage and cantilevered therefrom, and drivingly connected to an electric motor 908 carried by the carriage associated ~herewith. The amount of reciproca~le movement of the carriages determines the maximum and minimum width of a shingle and preferably are set to cut shingles to a minimum width of 3 or 4 inches and a maximum width of 18 inches. Of course, other dimensional limits may be utilized, de~ending on the amount of travel of the respective carriages and the size of shingles to be trinumed.
The second shingle trinuning or cutting apparatus 900A
is identical to that illustrated and described with reference to the shingle trimming section 900, and is controlled by the computer for movement as determined by dimensions V and W, to remove fr~m the shingle an open knot hole or the like other defect as detected by the sensor, severing the edge trimmed shingle into two smaller shingles.
While the shingles are being trinuned by the saws at the respective cutting stations or trimmers, forces are applied to the shingle by the rotating saws and to counteract these forces there is the shingle hold down and assist conveyors 1100 and llOOA. These conveyorS each consist of a first and second respective curved metal shrouds 1101 and 1102 hingedly inter-connected by a pivot pin 1103. The shroud 1101 is fixed to a frame in relation to the other conveyors and has a power driven feed roll 1104 thereon extending transversely across the direction of travel of the shingle. The shroud 1102 has a power driven feed roll 1105 journalled on the free end thereof.
A handle 1106 is provided on the shroud 1102 forlifting of s~me to provide access to the circular saws located there-under, facilitating maintenance operations. The weight of t~e shroud 1102 and/or weiyht of the relatively heavy roller 1105 mounted thereon, keeps the latter in contact with the conveyor belt and/or presses a shingle thereon, holding the shingle in place and assists feeding the same in timed relation to move-ment of the conveyor while a saw trims the edges of the shingle.
Obviously, the shrouds and/or power driven rollers thereon may be spring loaded for appropriate pressural engagement with the respective conveyors and/or shingles thereon to hold shingles in position while they are being trimmed.
While circular saws are described and illustrated at each of the trimming stations 900 and 900A, other trimming devices may be utilized such as band saws, reciprocating saws 2~ or water jet or air jet cutting devices. Obviously, it is preferred to use a cutting device which applies minimum force to the shingle while cutting, reducing the forces required to hold the shingle in place while being cut, and/or ensuring the shingle does not become misaligned or offset from the path of travel followed by the shingle througl- the field of view of the detector.
Conveyor 100~ consists of a table 1001 having rollers 1002 and 1003 disposed respectively at opposite ends thereof An endless conveyor belt 10~4 is looped around the rollers and one of such rollers is driven by way of a V-~elt from a line shaft to convey the shingles to the shingle defect cutting station 900A. Conveyor belt 1004 is relatively narrow (as is also conveyor belt6 801) and the shingles are held thereon by an upper conveyor belt lOOS looped~around rollers 1~06, 1007 and 1008. The bottolll traverse of conveyor ~elt 1005 is biased downwardly toward the u~per traverse of belt 1004 by way of a plurality of foot ~lates 1008, spring loaded and biased down-wardly as ~iewed in figure 9 by a plurality of compression springs 1009, The trin~led shingles are conveyed by conveyor 1200 to a collector container 1400, as geen in figure 10, or alternatively directed by appropriate means to one or the other of a plurality of tables where they are bundled, or in the case of rejects sent on to waste or redirected f~r recutting.
The general functioning of the scanning and trim section computer is illustrated in figures 13 and 14 where the shingles are conveyed along in the direction of arrow A through the view of the scanner onto the first set of trim saws 900 and then onto the defect saws 900A. Signals to the computer 7~3 are derived from the scanner 700 and the roto pulser 818.
The information from these means is used to provide signals to actuate control valves for power units 906 and 907 to move the trim saws 900 and defect saws 900A, moving the carriages appropriately to trim the edges of the shingle and remove defects. Figures 13 and 14 are schematics illustrating the basic co~puter control function. The pulser 818 provides information to the computer as to the speed of travel of the shingles and with the distance of travel from the scanner to ~8323 the reSpective saws ~00 ~nd ~QQ~ being kno~n the time for actuating the saws can be determined ~y the computer. The scanner 700 pro~ides information to the computer for each shingle travelling along the conveyor and the computer determines the location for each saw cut line U, V, W, and X, for each shingle which is stored ln a memory and used to actuate movement of the trim saws and defect saws at an appropriate time for each of the respective shingles. The data from the memory is removed after being used permitting storing further data from succeeding shingles moved through the field of view of the scanner. Precise details of thP computer components are believed unnecessary as stock items can be used and appropriately assembled by anyone skilled in compucer technology.
frame 304 con-~isting of a ~eldment of members which are rigidly attached to the frame 210 of the shingle cutting section 200.
The frame 304 has an u~per portion 305 and a lower portion 306 interconnected by vertical straps 307. In addition to frames 210 and 304 bein~ interconnected, the latter is provided with legs 308 to stabilize the entire structure.
The upper conveyor 301 has an outer frame 309 rigidly bolted to tlle up~er frame 305 by bolt and nut assemblies 310, in either one of two different positions, depending on the length of block to be fed to the saws. Figure 3 shows the upper conveyor in its lowermost position for 16 inch blocks and the frame 305 is provided with additional holes 311 to locate the conveyor in an upper pOsitiOIl for receiving and conveying 18 inch blocks. These dimensions however may be varied dépending upon the length of block utilized for making ~hingles.
Secured to and projecting downwardly from the frame 309 are a pair of anns 312, and journalled on these arms, adjacent the free end thereof, is a first roller 314A of a plurality of roller~ 314 that constitute the upper conveyor.
Additional rollers of the upper conveyor, downg~ream from the in-feed end are designated respectively, 314B, C, D, etc. and the last of which is designated 314G. Opposite ends of each adjacent pair of rollers are interconnected by res~ective ones of a pair of links 315 and each pair of links are interconnected by a cross bar 316. Each cross bar 316 is connected to a rigid frame member consistiny of interconnected angle members 317, 318 and 319, by a pair of guide bolts 320 coaxially disposed within compression springs 321. The guide bolts are attached to the bars 316 at one end and the opposite end UaS~es througt an aperture in respective ones of members 317 and 319 and re-tained in an assel~led state with the ~pring under compressiol-~y way of nuts 322.
The roller~ 314 interconJIected by links 315 effe~L-ively form an drticulated link conveyor and forces are a~plied thereto to claJ~ Jly engage the ~lock ~etween the upper and lower conveyor tlrough the compresgion s~rirlg~ by d plleUlllatiC
~r llydraulic cylinder unit 323. rhe cylinder of tne hydrauli~
1~ cylinder unit is fixed relative to the frame (304 305 21~) and the uiston rod end is connected to member 318 by way of th~
pivot pin 324. l`lle ~ars 317 and 319 at the opposite end tllereof relative Lo mel~er 318 are pivotally attached to fra~l~e 3~9 ~y Wdy of pivot pins 325.
lhe feed rollers 314 will be described in detail hereinafter ~ut at this point it will be mentioned that each s}laft thereof has two sprockets fixed to one end thereof so as to be driven ~y roller chains looped around tlle sprockets of two adjacent rollers. The roller 314G i.e. the furthest from the in-feed end of the conveyor is driven by way of a one way clutch 326 mounted on the shaft of tl~e roller. The clutch is preferd~ly a ratchet type and has an arm 327 attach~
thereto witl- an el~llgate slot 328 therein in which tllere is attached one end of a push rod 329. The attachment to the lever 327 is such that the push rod can pivot relative thereto and is adjustably positionable at any location longitudinally alon~ the slot. This adjustment permits s~lectively varying the ~uount of incremental feed of the ~lock and determineS
the thickness of shingle to be cut from the leading end of the ~1~8323 block.
The lower conveyor 302 consists of a ~lurdlity ~f driv~ll rollers 330, the last one of which, dowllstr~dnl from the in-fe~d ~nd o~ the conveyor, is desiynated 330P. q~he rollers 330 are ~-dch jourllalled for rotation on the fr~ne 304, and each adjacellt pair are drivingly int~rconnected by roll.er chaill 331. The roller 330P i6 driv~n throu~h a one way clutch 332, mounted Oll the shaft thereof, which iS the same as the one way clutch 326 except for direction of drive.
The one way clutch 332 has an arm 333 attached thereto and in which there is located an elongate slot 334. A push rod 335 has one end thereof attached to the arm 333 by way of the slot 334 and, as in ~L~Vious case, is pivotal but selectively slidab,le and positionable at any position longitudinally alol~g the slot.
The ~ush rods 329 and 335 are attached by way of a pivot pin 336 to the piston rod 337 of an air or hydraulic cylinder unit 338. 'l~he cylinder unit 338 is double acting and reciprocation of the piston rod cause~ the rollers of the 2~ respective up~er and lower conveyors to rotate counter to one ano~her, moving a block clampingly engaged between the upper and lower conveyors in a direction to tl-e right as viewed in figure 4. The block is moved increment~lly by way of the ratchet clutches an ~lount corresponding to the thicknes5 of shingle to be cut from the leading fac~ of the block.
Actuation of the air cylinder unit 338 is timed with the swinging movement of the cutting devices, by a switch 340 mounted on the saw supporting frame 212 (see figure 8~. The switch 340 is operated by a lever ~41 attached to shaft 258 ' mounting the saw unit 252 on the frame, and controls operation of valves for the fluid circuitry of cylinder unit 338 (or power actuator as it may also be called).
From figure 4 it will be seen the lower conveyor 30~ is longer than the upper conveyor 301. ~locks to be cut into shingles are fed to the lower conveyor by way of a gravity roller conveyor 350 after wllich they are moved to the right ~s viewed in figure 4 by the lower driven conveyor 302. The s~ace between the upper and lower conveyor is such that at the in-feed end of the upper conveyor there is room for the block to be conveyed tllereinto by the lower conveyor. These conveyors converge in a direction toward one another in the direction of feed and thus as tlle block moves progressively to tne right (as viewed in figure 4) it is clampingly engaged between the upper and lower conveyors securely holding the block to with-standing forces applled thereto during cutting. The forces applying clamping pressure are applied by way of the pnewnatic or hydraulic cylinder 323, which supplies a downward force on the frame (317, 318, 319) and which in turn, by way of com-pression springs 321 applies downward forces on the adjacent pairs of rollers.
As previously mentioned and clearly illustrated in figure 3, the driv~n circular saw blades 261, 261A are tilted in o~posite directions to one another relative to a vertical plane. In operation the block is fed in increments by the upper and lower conveyors by way of the drive mechanism and pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder 333. A first shingle will be cut for example by saw blade 261 as the frame swings to the left as viewed in figure 8, and on the return stroke, when the saw 261 is clear of the block, the block will be indexed forwardly by the conveyor for another shingle. As the frame swings further to the right as viewed in figure 8, another shingle will be cut from the leading face of tJle block by saw blade 261A. It will be readily apparent from this and the slope of the two SdW blades that the shingle cut by the saw blade 261 will taper from one end to the other and the shingle cut by saw blade 261A will taper in the opposite direction.
As far as the rollers of the upper and lower conveyors are concerned, attelltion is directed to figure 7 which illus-trates feed roll 314~ in detail. The feed roller has a shaft 350 on which there is mounted (or alternatively formed integrally therewith) a plurality of wheels 351 spaced apart from one another longitudinally along the shaft and secured thereto for rotation therewith. Each of the wheels 351 has a saw tooth periphery or other rouyh surface for tractively engaging a block to be propelled thereby. The shaft 350 is journalled for rotation at opposite ends thereof in respective ones of the pair of links 315 previously described that interconnect adjacent pairs of the driven rollers. One end of the shaft has a pair of sprockets 352 and 353 for rolling engagement with chains 331. One cllain 331 is looped around a sprocket of each adjacent pair of rollers. From figure ~ it will be clearly seen that the double sprockets effectively provide two rows of link chains 331, there being a link chain drivillgly interconnecting each adjacent pair of rollers throughout the length of the conveyor. The one way clutch 326 has a ratchet in the hub coo~erating in a conventional manner with a notched drive wheel connected to the shaft 350.
1~183~3 S5~INGLE TRIMMING STATION
The rough cut shingles from the shingle cutting station are guided by way of a downwardly inclined chute or trough 400, either into a collecting ~in located in the prox-imity of the in-feed conveyor for the shingle edging section J, or alternatively onto a conveyor 401 which delivers them in sequence to the shingle trimming station J. The shingle trinun-ing station consists of an infeed conveyor 600, a sensor 700 having a computer operatively associated therewith, a conveyor 800, a first shingle trin~ing section 900, which is followed by a conveyor 1000. A shingle hold down and assist conveyor 1100 is associated with adjacent ends of conveyors 800 and 1000 and the trimming section 900. Preferably there is also a ~econd shingle trimming section 900A operatively associated with a second transfer and shingle hold down conveyor 1100A and which is followed by an outfeed conveyor 1200 that corlveys the shingles to the shingle collecting and packa~ing station K.
Shingles from tne conveyor 4Ci are ~eposited in sequence on the infeed conveyor 600 of the shingle edging station J with the thick butt end trailing in reference to the direction of travel of the infeed conveyor. Improperly oriented shingles can be detected and appropriately turned in many different ways. This function can be carried out man-ually or mechanically. For example, a shingle orientation detection means 402 can be associated with conveyor 401 and a shingle turning mechanism 403 to actuate the latter for appropriately turning improperly oriented shingles. The turning mechanism 403 can be a suction wheel, finger, turning plate or combination thereof, all of which are well known in the conveyor art.
~il8323 The conveyor 6Q0 (See ~igures 2, 9 and 11) includes a table on whlch there is an upper flat surface 601, and over which bars of a bar conveyor move in the direction of the arrow as indic~ted in Figure 2. The bar conveyor consists of a pair of endless chains 602 spaced apart from one another laterally across the table and which are looped around sprockets respect-ively on an idler shaft 603 and a driven shaft 604. Shaft 604 is driven by way of motor 605 through a drive belt 606. The laterally spaced chains 602 are interconnected by a plurality of bars 606 spaced apart from one another longitudinally along - 17a -li~8323 the length of the table and such bars have their leading face 607 disposed perpendicular to the direction of travel of the conveyor. The up~er surface of the table top 601 has an aper-ture therein (or foraminous area) designated 608 and which by way of a conduit 609 is connected to a vacuum source. The vacuum source acts on a shingle passing thereover impeding movement of the shingle over the surface of the table top thlls re~uiring additional force by bar 606 to move tlle ~hingle alon~
the ta~le surface. This addi~ional force causes the butt end of the shingle to bear against the edge 607 of the bar, thus squaring the shingle for subsequent tri~ing ensuring that the edges of the shingle are perpendicular to the butt end. Othe means of impeding movement of the shingles may be utilized, for ex~ple, a roughened surface on the table to~, or material applied thereto, selected frictionally to impede the movement of the shingle so that if the shingle is askew relative to tl,~
direction of travel, it will be appropriately aligned for further processing by contact with the edge face 607 of the bar.
By having the butt end of the shingle completely in contact with the edge face 607, the shingle is squared for trimming by saws or otl~er cutting devices further downstream~
Fro~ the conveyor 600 the shingles pass onto conveyor B00 and in so doing traverse the field of view of a scanner 70~ located therebetween. The scanner consists of a light source 701 and a detector section 702. The light source 701 consists of a plurality of incandescent bulbs located in alignment longitudinally across the path of travel of the shingle and at a position therebetween. Ttle detector section has one or more sensors located above the path of travel of the - lB -. ~183Z3 shingle and is aligned wit}l the light source. The sllingles passing through between the light source 701 and detector 702 provide a signal to a computer 703 which controls actuation of the trinLming sections downstream of tlle siensor.
Figure 12 diagrallunatically illustrates a shingle S
being scanned and relative to a reference line T parallel to the direction of travel of the shingle. ~rhe scanner detects dimensions indicated as U, V, W and X. q~his information is fed to the computer 703 controlling movement of cutting devices further downstream, and from such information provides signals to cut along lines designated Ul, Xl, Vl and Wl. Dimension U
provides information as to the minimum amount which can be trimmed from one ed~e of the shingle and dimension X provides information as to the minimwn amount which can be trimmed from the other edge of the shingle. Dimensions V and W provide information for removal of, for example, an open knot hole, suL,-dividing the shin~Jle S into shingles Sl and S2.
From conveyor 600 the shingles pass on to conveyor 800 W~liCh consists of an endless belt 801 looped around idlers 802 and 803 disposed respectively at opuosite ~rlds of a table support 804. An idler 805 is disposed L~elow the table, as is also a driven roller 806 and the endless belt 801 is looped around these rollers. The driven roller 806 is mounted in journals 807 adjustd~ly movable relative to a support 808 to tension the endless belt 801. Roller 806 i5 driven by way of the electric motor 605 through a V-belt 809.
Above the upper traverse of the endless belt 801, there are two idlers 810 and 811 journalled for rotation on re~pective shafts 812 and 813. The shaft B12 is disposed adjacent ~83~Z3 the free end of a pair of arms 814 pivotally attached at their opposite end to the table 804 by pivot pins 815. Similarly, shaft 813 is mounted adjacent the free end of a ~air of arms 816 pivotally attached at their opposite end to the table 804 by pivot pin 817. The rollers 810 and 811 are hold down roller~
ensuring the shingles to be trimmed are held in the same line of travel as the shingle moved when passing through t}~e field of view of the scanner.
An idler wheel 818 is in rolling engagement with the inner face of the endless belt 801 and provides information to the computer as to the lineal speed of the belt, which in turn corresponds to the feed of the shingles to the trimming section. From the conveyor the shingles pass to the first trimming section 900 on to the conveyor 1000, and from there to the second trimming section 900A on to an out feed conveyor 1100. ~ridging the gap between the conveyor 800 and conveyor 1000 and the gap between conveyor 1000 and conveyor 1100, are respective ones of a pair of hold down and assist conveyors designated respectively 1100 and llOOA.
Each trimming section 900 and 900A are the same and thus only one will be described herein. Trimming section 900 consists of a pair of power driven circular saws 901 and 902 mounted on respective ones of a pair of movable carriages 903 and 904. ~he carriages 903 and 904 are mounted on respective ones of a pair of ~arallel bars 905, for reciprocal movement in directions toward and away from the feed path of the - conveyors. The carriages are reciprocably moved by respective ones of hydraulic or pneumatic piston cylinder assemblies 906 and 907,which move the respective saws 901 and 902 to an ~ . .
, li~83~3 appropriate positiol as determinad by the computer to trim the respective opposite outer edges of the shingle, removing minimal material as determined by the computer from signals obtained by the s~nsor. The edge cuts by saws 901 and 9~2 are determined by respective dimensions U and X as indicated in figure 12. Each saw 901 and 902 is a circular saw blade mounted on the end of a shaft journalled on the respective carriage and cantilevered therefrom, and drivingly connected to an electric motor 908 carried by the carriage associated ~herewith. The amount of reciproca~le movement of the carriages determines the maximum and minimum width of a shingle and preferably are set to cut shingles to a minimum width of 3 or 4 inches and a maximum width of 18 inches. Of course, other dimensional limits may be utilized, de~ending on the amount of travel of the respective carriages and the size of shingles to be trinumed.
The second shingle trinuning or cutting apparatus 900A
is identical to that illustrated and described with reference to the shingle trimming section 900, and is controlled by the computer for movement as determined by dimensions V and W, to remove fr~m the shingle an open knot hole or the like other defect as detected by the sensor, severing the edge trimmed shingle into two smaller shingles.
While the shingles are being trinuned by the saws at the respective cutting stations or trimmers, forces are applied to the shingle by the rotating saws and to counteract these forces there is the shingle hold down and assist conveyors 1100 and llOOA. These conveyorS each consist of a first and second respective curved metal shrouds 1101 and 1102 hingedly inter-connected by a pivot pin 1103. The shroud 1101 is fixed to a frame in relation to the other conveyors and has a power driven feed roll 1104 thereon extending transversely across the direction of travel of the shingle. The shroud 1102 has a power driven feed roll 1105 journalled on the free end thereof.
A handle 1106 is provided on the shroud 1102 forlifting of s~me to provide access to the circular saws located there-under, facilitating maintenance operations. The weight of t~e shroud 1102 and/or weiyht of the relatively heavy roller 1105 mounted thereon, keeps the latter in contact with the conveyor belt and/or presses a shingle thereon, holding the shingle in place and assists feeding the same in timed relation to move-ment of the conveyor while a saw trims the edges of the shingle.
Obviously, the shrouds and/or power driven rollers thereon may be spring loaded for appropriate pressural engagement with the respective conveyors and/or shingles thereon to hold shingles in position while they are being trimmed.
While circular saws are described and illustrated at each of the trimming stations 900 and 900A, other trimming devices may be utilized such as band saws, reciprocating saws 2~ or water jet or air jet cutting devices. Obviously, it is preferred to use a cutting device which applies minimum force to the shingle while cutting, reducing the forces required to hold the shingle in place while being cut, and/or ensuring the shingle does not become misaligned or offset from the path of travel followed by the shingle througl- the field of view of the detector.
Conveyor 100~ consists of a table 1001 having rollers 1002 and 1003 disposed respectively at opposite ends thereof An endless conveyor belt 10~4 is looped around the rollers and one of such rollers is driven by way of a V-~elt from a line shaft to convey the shingles to the shingle defect cutting station 900A. Conveyor belt 1004 is relatively narrow (as is also conveyor belt6 801) and the shingles are held thereon by an upper conveyor belt lOOS looped~around rollers 1~06, 1007 and 1008. The bottolll traverse of conveyor ~elt 1005 is biased downwardly toward the u~per traverse of belt 1004 by way of a plurality of foot ~lates 1008, spring loaded and biased down-wardly as ~iewed in figure 9 by a plurality of compression springs 1009, The trin~led shingles are conveyed by conveyor 1200 to a collector container 1400, as geen in figure 10, or alternatively directed by appropriate means to one or the other of a plurality of tables where they are bundled, or in the case of rejects sent on to waste or redirected f~r recutting.
The general functioning of the scanning and trim section computer is illustrated in figures 13 and 14 where the shingles are conveyed along in the direction of arrow A through the view of the scanner onto the first set of trim saws 900 and then onto the defect saws 900A. Signals to the computer 7~3 are derived from the scanner 700 and the roto pulser 818.
The information from these means is used to provide signals to actuate control valves for power units 906 and 907 to move the trim saws 900 and defect saws 900A, moving the carriages appropriately to trim the edges of the shingle and remove defects. Figures 13 and 14 are schematics illustrating the basic co~puter control function. The pulser 818 provides information to the computer as to the speed of travel of the shingles and with the distance of travel from the scanner to ~8323 the reSpective saws ~00 ~nd ~QQ~ being kno~n the time for actuating the saws can be determined ~y the computer. The scanner 700 pro~ides information to the computer for each shingle travelling along the conveyor and the computer determines the location for each saw cut line U, V, W, and X, for each shingle which is stored ln a memory and used to actuate movement of the trim saws and defect saws at an appropriate time for each of the respective shingles. The data from the memory is removed after being used permitting storing further data from succeeding shingles moved through the field of view of the scanner. Precise details of thP computer components are believed unnecessary as stock items can be used and appropriately assembled by anyone skilled in compucer technology.
Claims (7)
1. Apparatus for trimming shingles comprising:
(a) shingle conveying means for moving shingles in sequence one after the other along a selected path;
(b) means associated with said shingle conveying means to orient the shingles such that the butt ends thereof are perpendicular to their respective paths of travel along said selected path;
(c) a scanner having a field of view traversing said path to obtain information as to selected parameters of each shingle passing through such field of view;
(d) computer means operatively associated with said scanner for receiving the information obtained thereby and pro-cessing the same providing signals to actuate cutting means downstream of the scanner;
(e) cutting means located downstream of the scanner and mounted for movement in a direction perpendicular to the path of travel of the shingles; and (f) means to move said cutting means, said moving means being operatively associated with the computer for moving the cutting means to positions determined by the computer upon receipt of signals therefrom for each of the shingles moved along said path.
(a) shingle conveying means for moving shingles in sequence one after the other along a selected path;
(b) means associated with said shingle conveying means to orient the shingles such that the butt ends thereof are perpendicular to their respective paths of travel along said selected path;
(c) a scanner having a field of view traversing said path to obtain information as to selected parameters of each shingle passing through such field of view;
(d) computer means operatively associated with said scanner for receiving the information obtained thereby and pro-cessing the same providing signals to actuate cutting means downstream of the scanner;
(e) cutting means located downstream of the scanner and mounted for movement in a direction perpendicular to the path of travel of the shingles; and (f) means to move said cutting means, said moving means being operatively associated with the computer for moving the cutting means to positions determined by the computer upon receipt of signals therefrom for each of the shingles moved along said path.
2. Apparatus for trimming shingles as defined in claim 1 wherein said shingle conveying means comprises a bar conveyor and wherein said shingle orienting means comprises means impeding movement of the shingles along a portion of the selected path of travel upstream of the scanner.
3. Apparatus for trimming shingles as defined in claim 1 wherein said cutting means comprises a pair of cutting devices spaced apart from one another for trimming respectively opposed marginal edges of the shingles.
4. Apparatus for trimming shingles as defined in claim 3 wherein said cutting devices are saws at least one of which is movable toward and away from the other.
5. Apparatus for trimming shingles as defined in claim 3 wherein said cutting devices are circular saws.
6. Apparatus for trimming shingles as defined in claim 1 wherein said shingle means comprises a bar conveyor having the bars thereof perpendicular to the path of travel and movable along said path of travel over a shingle supporting flat surface and wherein said shingle orienting means is associated with said shingle supporting flat surface and includes means to impede sliding movement of a shingle as it is pushed thereover by a bar of the conveyor.
7. Apparatus for trimming shingles as defined in claim 6 wherein said shingle impeding means comprises a suction box having an inlet thereto in said shingle supporting flat surface and over which shingles pass as they are conveyed along said selected path.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000366438A CA1118323A (en) | 1980-12-09 | 1980-12-09 | Apparatus for cutting and trimming shingles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000366438A CA1118323A (en) | 1980-12-09 | 1980-12-09 | Apparatus for cutting and trimming shingles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1118323A true CA1118323A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
Family
ID=4118670
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000366438A Expired CA1118323A (en) | 1980-12-09 | 1980-12-09 | Apparatus for cutting and trimming shingles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1118323A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2545753A1 (en) * | 1983-05-11 | 1984-11-16 | Esterer Ag Maschf | Wood log saw cutting unit |
| IT201900002677A1 (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-25 | C M L Eng Srl | EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESSING WOODEN PANELS. |
-
1980
- 1980-12-09 CA CA000366438A patent/CA1118323A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2545753A1 (en) * | 1983-05-11 | 1984-11-16 | Esterer Ag Maschf | Wood log saw cutting unit |
| IT201900002677A1 (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-08-25 | C M L Eng Srl | EQUIPMENT FOR PROCESSING WOODEN PANELS. |
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