CA1118171A - Process and apparatus for the production of a multi-component filament - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for the production of a multi-component filamentInfo
- Publication number
- CA1118171A CA1118171A CA000320168A CA320168A CA1118171A CA 1118171 A CA1118171 A CA 1118171A CA 000320168 A CA000320168 A CA 000320168A CA 320168 A CA320168 A CA 320168A CA 1118171 A CA1118171 A CA 1118171A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- component
- matrix
- segment
- polymer
- components
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/36—Matrix structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process for the production of matrix/segment filaments, preferably with at least three segments, wherein the segment component is injected into the matrix component, which is coaxially fed to the spinneret opening in one core stream, in radial direction in separate streams.
A process for the production of matrix/segment filaments, preferably with at least three segments, wherein the segment component is injected into the matrix component, which is coaxially fed to the spinneret opening in one core stream, in radial direction in separate streams.
Description
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the production of a multi--component filament, more parti-cularly, it relates to a process for the production of a multi-component filament comprising at least two synthetic polymer components, comprising a matrix of one of said poly-mer components and a plurality of segments of at least one other polymer component separated from each other by the matrix, there are at least two, preferably at least three, segments, the segments retain their shape and position in the cross-section along the filament, and to an apparatus for carrying out this process.
There-are numerous processes for producing from two or more synthetic polymer components filaments in the cross-section of which one of the components separates at least two segments of the other component from one another, these segments retaining the shape and position thereof in the cross-section along the filament.
For example, British Patent ~o. 1,171,843 describes a process for the production of a matrix microfil filament in which a number of very fine microfilaments (segments) of component A are surrounded and separated from one another by a matrix component B. Such filaments are said to be produced by initially pre-forming two-component structures having a core-sheath or side-by-side structure, collecting a plurality of the thus-pre-formed structures in a chamber tapering like a funnel and opening into a spinning ~F
orifice and estruding them through the spinning orifice. The arrangement of the segments relative to one another in the cross-section of the final filament and also the separation of the segments by the matrix component are random in characte~r.
Particular cross-sectional geometries canno-t be reproducibly obtained.
Gcrman O-tfell]egungsschrift No. 2,ll7,076 describes a process lor the production of filaments consisting of SCVCl'al. sc~mcnt;s, in wllich the segment component is axially delivered and assembled by laterally delivered thin layers of a matrix component. Although Figures 1 to 6 of this Offenlegungsschrift show cross-sections having from three to six segments, it is pointed out on page 11~, paragraph 1, that filaments having three, five or more (except six) segments are difficult to produce. The spinning heads known from this Offenlegungsschrift are also difficult to produce. It la virtually impossible to change the spinning heat~s from one filament cross-section to another, for example from a filament cross-section having four segments to one having six segments.
0 Gcrman Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,040,802 also shows filament cross-sections in which several segments are separated by a matrix component. The production of such filaments is not discussed in detail.
Also, Dutch Offenlegungsschrift No. 6,712,909 shows filament oross-sections containing more than two segments. The segments all consis-t of different polymer coml)ollcllls wllicll arc not se~)aratecl Lrom one ano-thcr by a matrix component. In addition, most of the filament cross-sections are surrounded by the matrix component.
Filaments of this type cannot be divided up into a bundle of extremely fine filaments and/or fibres by mechanical and/or chemical after-treatment, although this is a principal object of many recent developments in the field of mul-ti-component filaments.
~n object of the present invention is to provide a filament cross-section which comprises at least two, preferably at least three, segments embedcled in a matrix component which separa-tes them, in the filament cross-section, the segments not all being surrounded by a peripheral matrix l~lycr, 11lll; ills-tca(l arc thomsclves intcnde(l to occupy 1~ considerable areas of the surface of the filament to enable the segments to be readily separated into microfilaments.
In addition, the matrix layers between the segments are intended to be able to be kept as thin as possible in order to obtain a bundle consisting of very fine capillary filaments of predominantly one polymer after the segments have been separated from one another. To this end, it is of course essential for the segments substantially to retain the shape and position thereof in the cross-section.
Another object of the present invention is to ensure by constructive mcasures that, using one and the same spinning head, it is possible either successively to produce completely different filament bundles or to spin different filament cross-sections at the same time from different spinning orifices.
According to the present invention, these objects are achieved in a process of the type referred to above in that the matrix component is coaxially delivered to the spinning orifice of a spinning jet in an initially uninterrupted core stream and in that the segment component or segment components is/are radically introduced under pressure into the matrix component in spatially separated partial streams before the matrix component emerges from the spinning orifice.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the production of a multi-component filament comprising at least two synthetic polymer components comprising a matrix of one of said polymer components and a plurality of segments of at least one other polymer com-ponent separated from each other by said matrix, the seg-ments retaining their shape and position in the cross-section along the filament, which process comprises coaxially delivering the matrix component to a spinning orifice of a spinning jet in an initially uninterrupted core stream and radially introducing the segment component or segment components under pressure into the matrix component in spatially separated partial streams before the matrix components emerges from the spinning orifice.
3.~L18~79~
In this way, it is possible to produce multi-component filaments in which the segments are situated either only at the periphery of the filaments of even in the interior thereof. Geometrically, they are strictly fixed, i.e., have a certain shape and position in the cross-section of the filaments. In this way, it is possible without difficulty to produce more than six peripheral segments and, in addition, a plurality of segments situated within the filament. In this way, the proportion of matrix component may be kept very small. As a result, the mechanical and/or chemical disintegration of a filament produced in accordance with the present invention to form a bundle of filaments of fine microfilaments is no longer a problem.
The present invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying outthe present process which comprises a rear die body having bores for the passage of delivery elements for one polymer component, a front die body having bores for the insertion of the delivery elements, the bores of said front die body aligning with the bores of said rear die body and opening into the spinning orifices and further comprises at least one delivery passage and at least one distributing compartment for at least one other polymer component, each at least one distributing compartment being traversed by the axes of the bores of said front and rear die bodies and, in the region of the die bores and/or in the region of the at least one distributing compartment, have at least one throughflow opening for one of the polymer components.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides an apparatus for the production of a multi-component fila-ment which comprises a rear die body having bores for the passage of delivery elements for a first polymer component, a front die body having bores for insertion of the delivery elements, the bores of said front die body aligning with the bores of said rear die body and opening into spinning ori-fices, and which further comprises at least one delivery passage and at least one distributing compartment for a second polymer component, each at least one distributing compartment being traversed by the axes of the bores of said front and rear die bodies and in at least one of the region of the die bores and the region of the at least one dis-tributing compartment, have at least one throughflow open-ing for the second polymer component, the delivery elements having outlet ends for the first polymer component of an external diameter which corresponds to that of the bores of the front die body and, towards the spinning orifices being fitted in form-locking manner into the bores and having in the region of the at least one distributing component, at least two radial throughflow openings for the second polymer component.
In one aspect the delivery elements have in one region at least partly smaller dimensions relative to the bore diameter.
Apparatus of this general type is known from Dutch Offenlegungsschrift ~o. 6,712,909. However, the - apparatus described in this Offenlegungsschrift is all intended for the production of filaments in which the segments of the filament are peripherally surrounded by the matrix component. Such filaments cannot be converted into a bundle of microfilaments. In the known apparatus, the polymer components are always guided in such a way that one component initially issues outwards through a through-flow opening from the axial bore of a delivery element and subsequently flows past the cutlet end of the delivery element towards the spinning orifice. On emerging from the spinning orifice, this component is always situated at the periphery of the filament so that the various objects of the present invention cannot be achieved in this way.
In order to obviate the disadvantages of this known apparatus, the present invention provides an apparatus which is characterised in that, at the outlet end thereof, the delivery elements for the matrix component have an external diameter which corresponds to that of the bore for - insertion of the delivery elements and, towards the spinning orifices, are fitted into the bores in form-locking manner, and in that, in this region, they have at least partly _9_ smaller dimensions rela-tive to the bore diameter and/or in the regioll of the dis-tribu-ting compar-tmcnt or distributing compartments comprise at least two, preferably at least three, radial throllghflow openings for the segment componellt or scgment comIonents.
l~efcrring to the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 shows a filament produced in accordance with the prcsent invention having three separate segments.
Figure 2 shows a filament prodllced ln accordance with the present invention having six separate segments.
Figllre 3 sho~s a filament produced in accordance with the present invention having six peripherally arranged segments and one core segment.
Figure 4 shows a filament produced in accordance with the present invention having six peripherally arranged sc~ments and three core segments.
Fignre 5 shows a filament produced in accordance with the present invention having eight peripherally arranged segments and thirteen segments completely surrounded by the matrix component.
Figure 6 shows a ~ilament produced in accordance with the present invention having six separate segments extending into the core region of the cross-section.
Figure 7 shows a feature, specifically the spinning part, of a spinning apparatus in accordance wi-th "5 I;llc Imcscllt illvcnl,iorl.
Figure 8 shows an arrangement adopted in accordance L7~L
with the presen-t invention for the deli~!ery elcments.
Figure 9 shows the delivery element o~ Figure 8 on a larger scale.
Figure 10 is a section through the delivery element of Figure 9 on the line X-X.
Figure 1I shows another delivery element in which the throughflow openings for the segment component are arranged in two planes.
Figure 12 is a plan view of the delivery element shown in Figure 11.
Figure 13 shows another delivery element having throughflow openings arranged in two planes.
F'igure 14 is a section on the line XIV-XIV through the delivery element of Figure 13 and through the delivery element of Figure 16.
Figure 15 is a section on the line XV-~V -through the delivery element of Figures 13 and 16.
Figllrc 16 S]IOWs a delivery element having throughflo~ openings arranged in three planes.
Figure 17 is a section through the delivery element of Figure 16 on the line XVII-XVII.
Figure 18 shows part of a delivery element having a coaxially arranged pin.
The filament cross-section illustrated in Figure 1 consists of three peripherally arranged segments 2 whicll are se~arated from one another by a relatively thin layer of the matrix component 1. By contrast, the filament shown in Figure 2 has a more pronounced matrix 3 which forms the core of thc filament and Yhich, in this case, is surrounded by six peripherally arranged segments. IIo~ever, it could even be surrounded by seven or more peripheral components.
In the filament shown in Figure 3, the matr-ix 5 is interrupted at its centre by a core segment 7, while si~ segments 6 are arranged a-t the periphery of the filament. One preferred cross-section comprises eight such peripheral segments. The cross-section shown in Figure 4 has~six peripheral segments 9 and three core segments 10 separated from one another by the matrix component 8. Other combinations, for example four core segments and eight peripheral segments, are possible. The filament cross-section sho~in in Figure 5 consists of eight peripheral segments 12, five core segments 1~ and another eight externally arranged segments 13 which are also completely surrounded by the matrix component ll.
Also, Figure 6 shol~s a filament cross-section which i5 similar to that shown in Figure 2, except that the segments ~- separated by the matrix 3' extend from the periphery into the core region of the cross-section. The numher of segments may be greater -than six, in particular twelve or more.
Figure 7 diagrammatically illustrates the spinning part of a spinning jet consisting of a rear die body 15 and a front die body 16. Between the two die bodies is situated the distributing compartment 18 for the segment component A
delivcred thIo-lgll the delivery passage 17. The rear die body 15 compr:ises bores 20 for -the passage Or delivery .,3.. 1! ~
elements 19, one of which is shown, for the matrix component B whilst the front die body 16 comprises bores 21 aligning with the bores 20 for the insertion of the delivery elements 19, the bores 21 opening at the outlet ends thereof into the spinning orifices 22.
Figures 8, 9 and 10 show the main part of the spin-ning section of a spinning jet. The distributing compart-ment 18 for the segment component A is situated between the rear die body 15 and the front die body 16. A delivery ele-ment 19 for the matrix component B is passed through the rear die body 15 and inserted into the front die body 16, the matrix component B flowing through the axial passage 23 towards the spinning orifice 22 in the form of an initially uninterrupted core stream. At its outlet end 19', i.e.
towards the spinning orifice 22, the delivery element 19 is fitted in form-locking manner into the bore 21 (Figure 7) of the front die body 16. In it~ most simple form, the delivery element 19 may be a cylindrical capillary which is fitted both into the bore 20 and into the bore 21 and which, in the region of the distributing compartment 18, has at least two, for example, diametrically arranged, throughflow openings for the segment component A
(not shown). However, at its centre, i.e. in the region of the distributing compartment 18 and also in the region of the bore 21 (and/or in the region of the bore 20 in the rear die body 15, not shown), the delivery element 19 may ~, ~
7 ~
also have a zone 19" of at least partly smaller dimensions relative to the diameter of bores 20 and 21, zone 19" in this case, being formed by a recess 25. Radial throughflow openings 24 (in this case four) are provided in this zone for the segment component A. Instead of an annular recess 25, as provided in the embodiment shown in Figures 9 and 10, it would also be possible to provide two or more grooves in order to obtain the reduction in dimensions (not shown). Also, the delivery element may also have a recess extending to a point situated relatively close to its outlet end and (instead of the throughflow openings) two or more axially extending grooves at its outlet end through which the segment component A is introduced under pressure into the matrix component B just before the spinning orifice (not shown).
From the distributing compartment 18, the segment component A is introduced under pressure via the recess 25 through the radial throughflow openings 24 into the matrix component B in four spatially separated partial streams before the matrix component B emerges from the spinning orifice 22, cf. Figure 10. A filament cross-section having four peripheral segments is formed. The size of the seg-ments and the thickness of the matrix layers separating them (i.e. the distribution of the components) may be adjust-ed by the input and/or pressure of the components A and B.
The delivery element 26 shown in Figures 11 and 12 differs from the above-mentioned delivery element 19 in that in 1 p the region of reduced dimensions 26", it has six throughflow openings 27 for the segment component ~ and, in addition, another throughflow opening 28 which lies in a plane situated further away from its outle-t end 26~.
This throughflow opening 28 is formed by a capillary 34 which opens in the immediate vicinity of the axis of the delivery element 26.
With this version of the delivery element 26, it is possible to procluce a filament cross-section of the type shown in Figure 3. The segment component A flowing into the matrix component B through the capillary 34 pre-for~s an axially extending core segment, whilst the six partial s-treams introduced ~Inder pressure through the throughflow openings 27 form six peripherally arranged segments.
Another version of a delivery element 29 is shown in Figures 13,.-14 and 15. In the zone of reduced dime.nsions 29", throughflow openings 30, 31 are arranged in two planes, the throughflow openings 31 in the plane situated further away from the outlet end 29~ being in the form of capillaries 35 which project equally into the passage 23.
With this version, it is possible to produce a filament cross-se~tion of the type shown in Figure 4. It has three core segments and six peripheral segments.
Figures 16, 14, 15 and 17 show a delivery element 25 32 in which the throughflow openings 30, 31, 33 are ~ arranged in three planes. In the plane si-tuated nearest ~15-the outlet encl 32~, there are six -throughrlow openings 30 and, -in thc ccntral plane, threc capillaries 35 projecting into the passage 23. In the plane situa-ted fllrthest a~iay frolll the outlet end 32~, a capillary 36 projects almost up to the axis of the delivery e~ement 32.
With this versioIl, it is possible to produce filament cross-sec-tions having four core segments and six peripheral segments.
In the version o-f a delivery element 19 shown in part in Figure 18 (cf.Figures 9 and 10), pin 37 is coaxially arranged in the passage 23, terminating for example in a point 37~ in the vicinity of the throughflow openings 24, preferably just below them. With this version7 it is possible to produce filament cross-sections of the type shown in Figure 6 in which the segments extend into the core region of the cross-section.
A number of variations in regard to the filaments whicll may be obtained and the products which may be produced from them are possible according to the present invention.
Thus, it is possible on the one hand, to use several segment components A, A'........ instead of only one segment component A. These segment components may be delivered, for example, through distributing compartments 18, 18' .......... which are sealed off from one another and which may be arranged in differe~nt planes.
In general, the matrix component A will be a single component. However, it is also possible for two matrix components B, B' to be delivered to the axial passage 23 of the delivery elements, for example in a side-by-side arrangement or in the form of a polymer mixture.
Suitable components both for the matrix and also for the segments are filament-forming polymers, such as polyesters, polyamides, polyolefins and polycarbonates.
If only the filament properties are to be optimised by the multi-component structure, i.e. if no fibrillation (splitting up) of the components is to occur during the after-treatment of the filaments, components having good mutual adhesion (compatibility) are used, for example, polyethylene terephthalate as the matrix component and a polyethylene terephthalate containing a gas-former as the segment component. In this case, the resulting filament consists of foamed segments which are held together by the solid matrix. Conversely, the segments may be solid and the matrix foamed. In a particular embodiment the segment com-ponents are of polyethylene terephthalates which differ in their shrinkage capacities.
In cases where subsequent splitting up into very fine filaments and fibres is required, it is preferred to use components having only minimal compatibility. In this case, polyethylene terephthalate is particularly suitable for the segment component and polycaprolactam for the matrix component. The filamnets may readily be split up by an after-treatment, for example, a mechanical after-treatment.
The ratio of matrix to segment component may b~
vary within wide limits. Typical ratios, by weight, for normal multi-component filaments are from 30:70 to 70:~0, preferably about 50:50. ~here splitting up is desired, the ratios, by weight, are preferably from 5:95 to 25:75.
Similar ratios, by weight, may also be used in cases where it is intended subsequently to break up the segment component (for example to obtain cleanly profiled filaments) or the matrix component (for example to obtain a bundle of very fine individual filaments from only one polymer) Such microfilament capillary yarns have a very soft hand and an outstanding appearance.
Thc denier of the multi-component filaments should preferably be from 2.4 to 11.1 dtex after drawing, the segments having an individual denier of, in particular, from 0.2 to 0.5 dtex.
Instead of a round filament cross-section, it is also possible ~o produce the conventional profiles, for example polygonal (for example hexagonal) or multi-lobal (for example tri-lobal) cross-sections.
To this end, the axial passages of the delivery elements and/or the spinning orifices may be profiled.
By virtue of the apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible by a number of possible modifications to the delivery elements (e.g. number of throughfiow openings, the arrangement thereof relative to one another in different planes and the use of capillaries ~18-projec-tirlg in-to the axial passages to different exten-ts) to produce a nllmber of filament cross sections which, where they arc knowll, may be prodllced more easily and with greater precision. However, the apparatus according to the presen-t invention also enables completely new cross-sectional arrangements to be produced. In addition, itis possible to replace the delivery elemen-ts of a spinning jet by another set of delivery elements and, in this way, to change rapidly to another type of cross-section. In addition, it is possible to insert different delivery 10 elements into one and the same spinning jet and in this way to produce interesting blended yarns (for example having individual capillaries of different denier).
There-are numerous processes for producing from two or more synthetic polymer components filaments in the cross-section of which one of the components separates at least two segments of the other component from one another, these segments retaining the shape and position thereof in the cross-section along the filament.
For example, British Patent ~o. 1,171,843 describes a process for the production of a matrix microfil filament in which a number of very fine microfilaments (segments) of component A are surrounded and separated from one another by a matrix component B. Such filaments are said to be produced by initially pre-forming two-component structures having a core-sheath or side-by-side structure, collecting a plurality of the thus-pre-formed structures in a chamber tapering like a funnel and opening into a spinning ~F
orifice and estruding them through the spinning orifice. The arrangement of the segments relative to one another in the cross-section of the final filament and also the separation of the segments by the matrix component are random in characte~r.
Particular cross-sectional geometries canno-t be reproducibly obtained.
Gcrman O-tfell]egungsschrift No. 2,ll7,076 describes a process lor the production of filaments consisting of SCVCl'al. sc~mcnt;s, in wllich the segment component is axially delivered and assembled by laterally delivered thin layers of a matrix component. Although Figures 1 to 6 of this Offenlegungsschrift show cross-sections having from three to six segments, it is pointed out on page 11~, paragraph 1, that filaments having three, five or more (except six) segments are difficult to produce. The spinning heads known from this Offenlegungsschrift are also difficult to produce. It la virtually impossible to change the spinning heat~s from one filament cross-section to another, for example from a filament cross-section having four segments to one having six segments.
0 Gcrman Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,040,802 also shows filament cross-sections in which several segments are separated by a matrix component. The production of such filaments is not discussed in detail.
Also, Dutch Offenlegungsschrift No. 6,712,909 shows filament oross-sections containing more than two segments. The segments all consis-t of different polymer coml)ollcllls wllicll arc not se~)aratecl Lrom one ano-thcr by a matrix component. In addition, most of the filament cross-sections are surrounded by the matrix component.
Filaments of this type cannot be divided up into a bundle of extremely fine filaments and/or fibres by mechanical and/or chemical after-treatment, although this is a principal object of many recent developments in the field of mul-ti-component filaments.
~n object of the present invention is to provide a filament cross-section which comprises at least two, preferably at least three, segments embedcled in a matrix component which separa-tes them, in the filament cross-section, the segments not all being surrounded by a peripheral matrix l~lycr, 11lll; ills-tca(l arc thomsclves intcnde(l to occupy 1~ considerable areas of the surface of the filament to enable the segments to be readily separated into microfilaments.
In addition, the matrix layers between the segments are intended to be able to be kept as thin as possible in order to obtain a bundle consisting of very fine capillary filaments of predominantly one polymer after the segments have been separated from one another. To this end, it is of course essential for the segments substantially to retain the shape and position thereof in the cross-section.
Another object of the present invention is to ensure by constructive mcasures that, using one and the same spinning head, it is possible either successively to produce completely different filament bundles or to spin different filament cross-sections at the same time from different spinning orifices.
According to the present invention, these objects are achieved in a process of the type referred to above in that the matrix component is coaxially delivered to the spinning orifice of a spinning jet in an initially uninterrupted core stream and in that the segment component or segment components is/are radically introduced under pressure into the matrix component in spatially separated partial streams before the matrix component emerges from the spinning orifice.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a process for the production of a multi-component filament comprising at least two synthetic polymer components comprising a matrix of one of said polymer components and a plurality of segments of at least one other polymer com-ponent separated from each other by said matrix, the seg-ments retaining their shape and position in the cross-section along the filament, which process comprises coaxially delivering the matrix component to a spinning orifice of a spinning jet in an initially uninterrupted core stream and radially introducing the segment component or segment components under pressure into the matrix component in spatially separated partial streams before the matrix components emerges from the spinning orifice.
3.~L18~79~
In this way, it is possible to produce multi-component filaments in which the segments are situated either only at the periphery of the filaments of even in the interior thereof. Geometrically, they are strictly fixed, i.e., have a certain shape and position in the cross-section of the filaments. In this way, it is possible without difficulty to produce more than six peripheral segments and, in addition, a plurality of segments situated within the filament. In this way, the proportion of matrix component may be kept very small. As a result, the mechanical and/or chemical disintegration of a filament produced in accordance with the present invention to form a bundle of filaments of fine microfilaments is no longer a problem.
The present invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying outthe present process which comprises a rear die body having bores for the passage of delivery elements for one polymer component, a front die body having bores for the insertion of the delivery elements, the bores of said front die body aligning with the bores of said rear die body and opening into the spinning orifices and further comprises at least one delivery passage and at least one distributing compartment for at least one other polymer component, each at least one distributing compartment being traversed by the axes of the bores of said front and rear die bodies and, in the region of the die bores and/or in the region of the at least one distributing compartment, have at least one throughflow opening for one of the polymer components.
Accordingly, the present invention also provides an apparatus for the production of a multi-component fila-ment which comprises a rear die body having bores for the passage of delivery elements for a first polymer component, a front die body having bores for insertion of the delivery elements, the bores of said front die body aligning with the bores of said rear die body and opening into spinning ori-fices, and which further comprises at least one delivery passage and at least one distributing compartment for a second polymer component, each at least one distributing compartment being traversed by the axes of the bores of said front and rear die bodies and in at least one of the region of the die bores and the region of the at least one dis-tributing compartment, have at least one throughflow open-ing for the second polymer component, the delivery elements having outlet ends for the first polymer component of an external diameter which corresponds to that of the bores of the front die body and, towards the spinning orifices being fitted in form-locking manner into the bores and having in the region of the at least one distributing component, at least two radial throughflow openings for the second polymer component.
In one aspect the delivery elements have in one region at least partly smaller dimensions relative to the bore diameter.
Apparatus of this general type is known from Dutch Offenlegungsschrift ~o. 6,712,909. However, the - apparatus described in this Offenlegungsschrift is all intended for the production of filaments in which the segments of the filament are peripherally surrounded by the matrix component. Such filaments cannot be converted into a bundle of microfilaments. In the known apparatus, the polymer components are always guided in such a way that one component initially issues outwards through a through-flow opening from the axial bore of a delivery element and subsequently flows past the cutlet end of the delivery element towards the spinning orifice. On emerging from the spinning orifice, this component is always situated at the periphery of the filament so that the various objects of the present invention cannot be achieved in this way.
In order to obviate the disadvantages of this known apparatus, the present invention provides an apparatus which is characterised in that, at the outlet end thereof, the delivery elements for the matrix component have an external diameter which corresponds to that of the bore for - insertion of the delivery elements and, towards the spinning orifices, are fitted into the bores in form-locking manner, and in that, in this region, they have at least partly _9_ smaller dimensions rela-tive to the bore diameter and/or in the regioll of the dis-tribu-ting compar-tmcnt or distributing compartments comprise at least two, preferably at least three, radial throllghflow openings for the segment componellt or scgment comIonents.
l~efcrring to the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 shows a filament produced in accordance with the prcsent invention having three separate segments.
Figure 2 shows a filament prodllced ln accordance with the present invention having six separate segments.
Figllre 3 sho~s a filament produced in accordance with the present invention having six peripherally arranged segments and one core segment.
Figure 4 shows a filament produced in accordance with the present invention having six peripherally arranged sc~ments and three core segments.
Fignre 5 shows a filament produced in accordance with the present invention having eight peripherally arranged segments and thirteen segments completely surrounded by the matrix component.
Figure 6 shows a ~ilament produced in accordance with the present invention having six separate segments extending into the core region of the cross-section.
Figure 7 shows a feature, specifically the spinning part, of a spinning apparatus in accordance wi-th "5 I;llc Imcscllt illvcnl,iorl.
Figure 8 shows an arrangement adopted in accordance L7~L
with the presen-t invention for the deli~!ery elcments.
Figure 9 shows the delivery element o~ Figure 8 on a larger scale.
Figure 10 is a section through the delivery element of Figure 9 on the line X-X.
Figure 1I shows another delivery element in which the throughflow openings for the segment component are arranged in two planes.
Figure 12 is a plan view of the delivery element shown in Figure 11.
Figure 13 shows another delivery element having throughflow openings arranged in two planes.
F'igure 14 is a section on the line XIV-XIV through the delivery element of Figure 13 and through the delivery element of Figure 16.
Figure 15 is a section on the line XV-~V -through the delivery element of Figures 13 and 16.
Figllrc 16 S]IOWs a delivery element having throughflo~ openings arranged in three planes.
Figure 17 is a section through the delivery element of Figure 16 on the line XVII-XVII.
Figure 18 shows part of a delivery element having a coaxially arranged pin.
The filament cross-section illustrated in Figure 1 consists of three peripherally arranged segments 2 whicll are se~arated from one another by a relatively thin layer of the matrix component 1. By contrast, the filament shown in Figure 2 has a more pronounced matrix 3 which forms the core of thc filament and Yhich, in this case, is surrounded by six peripherally arranged segments. IIo~ever, it could even be surrounded by seven or more peripheral components.
In the filament shown in Figure 3, the matr-ix 5 is interrupted at its centre by a core segment 7, while si~ segments 6 are arranged a-t the periphery of the filament. One preferred cross-section comprises eight such peripheral segments. The cross-section shown in Figure 4 has~six peripheral segments 9 and three core segments 10 separated from one another by the matrix component 8. Other combinations, for example four core segments and eight peripheral segments, are possible. The filament cross-section sho~in in Figure 5 consists of eight peripheral segments 12, five core segments 1~ and another eight externally arranged segments 13 which are also completely surrounded by the matrix component ll.
Also, Figure 6 shol~s a filament cross-section which i5 similar to that shown in Figure 2, except that the segments ~- separated by the matrix 3' extend from the periphery into the core region of the cross-section. The numher of segments may be greater -than six, in particular twelve or more.
Figure 7 diagrammatically illustrates the spinning part of a spinning jet consisting of a rear die body 15 and a front die body 16. Between the two die bodies is situated the distributing compartment 18 for the segment component A
delivcred thIo-lgll the delivery passage 17. The rear die body 15 compr:ises bores 20 for -the passage Or delivery .,3.. 1! ~
elements 19, one of which is shown, for the matrix component B whilst the front die body 16 comprises bores 21 aligning with the bores 20 for the insertion of the delivery elements 19, the bores 21 opening at the outlet ends thereof into the spinning orifices 22.
Figures 8, 9 and 10 show the main part of the spin-ning section of a spinning jet. The distributing compart-ment 18 for the segment component A is situated between the rear die body 15 and the front die body 16. A delivery ele-ment 19 for the matrix component B is passed through the rear die body 15 and inserted into the front die body 16, the matrix component B flowing through the axial passage 23 towards the spinning orifice 22 in the form of an initially uninterrupted core stream. At its outlet end 19', i.e.
towards the spinning orifice 22, the delivery element 19 is fitted in form-locking manner into the bore 21 (Figure 7) of the front die body 16. In it~ most simple form, the delivery element 19 may be a cylindrical capillary which is fitted both into the bore 20 and into the bore 21 and which, in the region of the distributing compartment 18, has at least two, for example, diametrically arranged, throughflow openings for the segment component A
(not shown). However, at its centre, i.e. in the region of the distributing compartment 18 and also in the region of the bore 21 (and/or in the region of the bore 20 in the rear die body 15, not shown), the delivery element 19 may ~, ~
7 ~
also have a zone 19" of at least partly smaller dimensions relative to the diameter of bores 20 and 21, zone 19" in this case, being formed by a recess 25. Radial throughflow openings 24 (in this case four) are provided in this zone for the segment component A. Instead of an annular recess 25, as provided in the embodiment shown in Figures 9 and 10, it would also be possible to provide two or more grooves in order to obtain the reduction in dimensions (not shown). Also, the delivery element may also have a recess extending to a point situated relatively close to its outlet end and (instead of the throughflow openings) two or more axially extending grooves at its outlet end through which the segment component A is introduced under pressure into the matrix component B just before the spinning orifice (not shown).
From the distributing compartment 18, the segment component A is introduced under pressure via the recess 25 through the radial throughflow openings 24 into the matrix component B in four spatially separated partial streams before the matrix component B emerges from the spinning orifice 22, cf. Figure 10. A filament cross-section having four peripheral segments is formed. The size of the seg-ments and the thickness of the matrix layers separating them (i.e. the distribution of the components) may be adjust-ed by the input and/or pressure of the components A and B.
The delivery element 26 shown in Figures 11 and 12 differs from the above-mentioned delivery element 19 in that in 1 p the region of reduced dimensions 26", it has six throughflow openings 27 for the segment component ~ and, in addition, another throughflow opening 28 which lies in a plane situated further away from its outle-t end 26~.
This throughflow opening 28 is formed by a capillary 34 which opens in the immediate vicinity of the axis of the delivery element 26.
With this version of the delivery element 26, it is possible to procluce a filament cross-section of the type shown in Figure 3. The segment component A flowing into the matrix component B through the capillary 34 pre-for~s an axially extending core segment, whilst the six partial s-treams introduced ~Inder pressure through the throughflow openings 27 form six peripherally arranged segments.
Another version of a delivery element 29 is shown in Figures 13,.-14 and 15. In the zone of reduced dime.nsions 29", throughflow openings 30, 31 are arranged in two planes, the throughflow openings 31 in the plane situated further away from the outlet end 29~ being in the form of capillaries 35 which project equally into the passage 23.
With this version, it is possible to produce a filament cross-se~tion of the type shown in Figure 4. It has three core segments and six peripheral segments.
Figures 16, 14, 15 and 17 show a delivery element 25 32 in which the throughflow openings 30, 31, 33 are ~ arranged in three planes. In the plane si-tuated nearest ~15-the outlet encl 32~, there are six -throughrlow openings 30 and, -in thc ccntral plane, threc capillaries 35 projecting into the passage 23. In the plane situa-ted fllrthest a~iay frolll the outlet end 32~, a capillary 36 projects almost up to the axis of the delivery e~ement 32.
With this versioIl, it is possible to produce filament cross-sec-tions having four core segments and six peripheral segments.
In the version o-f a delivery element 19 shown in part in Figure 18 (cf.Figures 9 and 10), pin 37 is coaxially arranged in the passage 23, terminating for example in a point 37~ in the vicinity of the throughflow openings 24, preferably just below them. With this version7 it is possible to produce filament cross-sections of the type shown in Figure 6 in which the segments extend into the core region of the cross-section.
A number of variations in regard to the filaments whicll may be obtained and the products which may be produced from them are possible according to the present invention.
Thus, it is possible on the one hand, to use several segment components A, A'........ instead of only one segment component A. These segment components may be delivered, for example, through distributing compartments 18, 18' .......... which are sealed off from one another and which may be arranged in differe~nt planes.
In general, the matrix component A will be a single component. However, it is also possible for two matrix components B, B' to be delivered to the axial passage 23 of the delivery elements, for example in a side-by-side arrangement or in the form of a polymer mixture.
Suitable components both for the matrix and also for the segments are filament-forming polymers, such as polyesters, polyamides, polyolefins and polycarbonates.
If only the filament properties are to be optimised by the multi-component structure, i.e. if no fibrillation (splitting up) of the components is to occur during the after-treatment of the filaments, components having good mutual adhesion (compatibility) are used, for example, polyethylene terephthalate as the matrix component and a polyethylene terephthalate containing a gas-former as the segment component. In this case, the resulting filament consists of foamed segments which are held together by the solid matrix. Conversely, the segments may be solid and the matrix foamed. In a particular embodiment the segment com-ponents are of polyethylene terephthalates which differ in their shrinkage capacities.
In cases where subsequent splitting up into very fine filaments and fibres is required, it is preferred to use components having only minimal compatibility. In this case, polyethylene terephthalate is particularly suitable for the segment component and polycaprolactam for the matrix component. The filamnets may readily be split up by an after-treatment, for example, a mechanical after-treatment.
The ratio of matrix to segment component may b~
vary within wide limits. Typical ratios, by weight, for normal multi-component filaments are from 30:70 to 70:~0, preferably about 50:50. ~here splitting up is desired, the ratios, by weight, are preferably from 5:95 to 25:75.
Similar ratios, by weight, may also be used in cases where it is intended subsequently to break up the segment component (for example to obtain cleanly profiled filaments) or the matrix component (for example to obtain a bundle of very fine individual filaments from only one polymer) Such microfilament capillary yarns have a very soft hand and an outstanding appearance.
Thc denier of the multi-component filaments should preferably be from 2.4 to 11.1 dtex after drawing, the segments having an individual denier of, in particular, from 0.2 to 0.5 dtex.
Instead of a round filament cross-section, it is also possible ~o produce the conventional profiles, for example polygonal (for example hexagonal) or multi-lobal (for example tri-lobal) cross-sections.
To this end, the axial passages of the delivery elements and/or the spinning orifices may be profiled.
By virtue of the apparatus according to the present invention, it is possible by a number of possible modifications to the delivery elements (e.g. number of throughfiow openings, the arrangement thereof relative to one another in different planes and the use of capillaries ~18-projec-tirlg in-to the axial passages to different exten-ts) to produce a nllmber of filament cross sections which, where they arc knowll, may be prodllced more easily and with greater precision. However, the apparatus according to the presen-t invention also enables completely new cross-sectional arrangements to be produced. In addition, itis possible to replace the delivery elemen-ts of a spinning jet by another set of delivery elements and, in this way, to change rapidly to another type of cross-section. In addition, it is possible to insert different delivery 10 elements into one and the same spinning jet and in this way to produce interesting blended yarns (for example having individual capillaries of different denier).
Claims (32)
1. A process for the production of a multi-component filament comprising at least two synthetic polymer components, comprising a matrix of one of said polymer components and a plurality of segments of at least one other polymer component separated from each other by said matrix, said segments retaining their shape and position in the cross-section along the filament, which process comprises coaxially delivering the matrix component to a spinning orifice of a spinning jet in an initially uninterrupted core stream radially introducing the segment component or segment components under pressure into the matrix component in spatially separated partial streams before the matrix component emerges from the spinning orifice.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which the segment components are delivered to the matrix component in different planes in relation to the direction of advance of the matrix component.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which at least six partial streams of segment components are intro-duced under pressure into the matrix component.
4. A process as claimed in claim 3, in which in-addition to the partial streams of segment components radially introduced under pressure into the matrix com-ponent, at least one partial stream of at least one seg-ment component is axially introduced under pressure into the matrix component.
5. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which the matrix component and the segment components show only a minimal tendency to adhere to one another.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5, in which the matrix component and the segment components are used in a ratio, by weight, of from 5:95 to 25:75.
7. A process as claimed in claim 5, in which the matrix component and the segment components are used in a ratio, by weight, of from 5:95 to 40:60 and in which at least seven partial streams of segment components is radially introduced under pressure into the matrix com-ponent.
8. A process as claimed in claim 7, in which at least eight partial streams of segment components are radially introduced under pressure into the matric com-ponent.
9. A process as claimed in claim 8, in which eight partial streams of segment components are radially introduced under pressure into the matrix component and thirteen partial streams of segment components are axially introduced under pressure into the matrix component.
10. A process as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7, in which the matrix component is a polyamide and the segment components are of a polyester.
11. A process as claimed in claim 5,6 or 7, in which the segment components comprise polyethylene tere-phthalate and the matrix component comprises polycapro-lactam.
12. A process as claimed in claim 5, 6 or 7, in which the segment components comprise polyethylene tere-phthalates which differ in shrinkage capacity.
13. A process for the preparation of a multi-component filament consisting of at least two synthetic polymer components, comprising a matrix of one of said polymer components and a plurality of segments of at least one other polymer component separated from each other by said matrix whereby said segments retain their shape and position in the cross section over the length of the filament, said process comprising feeding said matrix component as a compact core stream to a spinning orifice of a spinneret coaxially with said spinning orifice, and injecting said other polymer component as a plurality of spatially separated partial streams radially into said matric component before said matrix component leaves the spinning orifice.
14. The process of claim 13, wherein said other polymer components are injected into said matrix com-ponent from radial directions in different planes per-pendicular to the axis of flow of the matrix component.
15. The process of claim 14, wherein at least one of said segment component partial streams is injected axially into the matrix component.
16. The process of claim 14, wherein the matrix component and the segment components are mutually incom-patible.
17. The process of claim 16, wherein said filament, after leaving said orifice, is drawn and thereafter said matrix and segment components of said filament are split to form a bundle of micro-filaments having deniers less than 1 dtex.
18. The process of claim 17, wherein the matrix component and the segment components are present in a weight ratio of 5:95 to 25:75.
19. The process of claim 17, wherein the matrix component and segment components are present in a weight ratio of 5:95 to 40:60 and at least seven segment component partial streams are injected radially into the matrix component.
20. The process of claim 16, wherein the matrix component and segment components are present in a weight ratio of 30:70 to 70:30.
21. The process of claim 19, wherein the matrix com-ponent is a polyamide and the segment component is a poly-ester.
22. The process of claim 21, wherein the matrix com-ponent is polycaprolactam and the segment component is polyethylene terephthalate.
23. The process of claim 22, wherein two polyethylene terephthalates having differential shrinkage are used as segment components.
24. An apparatus for the production of a multi-component filament which comprises a rear die body having bores for the passage of delivery elements for a first polymer component, a front die body having bores for insertion of the delivery elements, the bores of said front die body aligning with the bores of said rear die body and opening into spinning orifices, and which further comprises at least one delivery passage and at least one distributing compartment for a second polymer component, each at least one distributing compart-ment being traversed by the axes of the bores of said front and rear die bodies and, in at least one of the region of said die bores and the region of the at least one distributing compartment have at least one throughflow opening for said second polymer component, said delivery elements having outlet ends for the first polymer com-ponent of an external diameter which corresponds to that of said bores of said front die body, said delivery ele-ments being fitted towards the spinning orifices, in form-locking manner into the bores, and having, in the region of the at least one distributing compartment at least two radial throughflow openings for the second polymer com-ponent.
25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24, wherein said delivery elements have in one region at least partly smaller dimensions relative to the diameter of the bores in which they are inserted.
26. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24, wherein the radial throughflow openings are arranged in different planes in relation to the direction of flow of the first polymer component.
27. An apparatus as claimed in claim 26, wherein the throughflow openings are formed by capillaries extending through the delivery elements.
28. An apparatus as claimed in claim 27, wherein the capillaries open at different distances from the axis of the delivery elements, as seen in the radial direction.
29. Spinning apparatus for making a multicomponent filament comprising a spinneret back plate having first transverse bore holes therein, a spinneret front plate having second transverse bore holes aligned with said first transverse bore holes in said back plate, a spinning orifice aligned with each of said second bore holes and adjacent thereto; a feed element for a matrix polymer component extending through each of said first and second bore holes, said feed elements each having a central axial duct, coaxial with said first and second bore holes, to supply said matrix polymer component to said spinning orifices, at least one feed channel and at least one distribution chamber for at least one other polymer component, each at least one distribution chamber being connected to each said axial duct by a plurality of radial passages through a wall of said feed element, said feed elements having a zone intermediate the ends of said feed elements having a smaller diameter than the diameter of said first and second bore holes and having in said zone said passages for the said other polymer component.
30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein said radial passages lie in at least two planes perpendicular to the direction of the axis of said axial duct.
31. The apparatus of claim 29 or 30, wherein at least one of said passages consists of a small tube through said feed elements having an outlet in the interior of said axial duct and spaced from the wall thereof.
32. The apparatus of claim 29 or 30, wherein said passages consist of small tubes through said feed elements having outlets in the interior of said axial duct and spaced from the wall thereof, said outlets being at different distances from the axis of said axial duct.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19782803136 DE2803136C2 (en) | 1978-01-25 | 1978-01-25 | Method and device for the production of a multicomponent thread consisting of at least two synthetic polymer components |
| DEP2803136.9-26 | 1978-01-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1118171A true CA1118171A (en) | 1982-02-16 |
Family
ID=6030330
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000320168A Expired CA1118171A (en) | 1978-01-25 | 1979-01-24 | Process and apparatus for the production of a multi-component filament |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1118171A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2803136C2 (en) |
| ES (2) | ES476933A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2856091C2 (en) * | 1978-12-23 | 1986-07-03 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Process for the production of fiber structures |
| DE2858174C2 (en) * | 1978-03-03 | 1988-06-16 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal, De | |
| DE2902758C2 (en) * | 1979-01-25 | 1986-11-06 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Process for the production of fiber structures by splitting multi-component fibers |
| DE2809346C2 (en) | 1978-03-03 | 1985-04-18 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Process for the production of fiber structures |
| DE2850713C2 (en) * | 1978-11-23 | 1986-10-09 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Antistatic thread structure |
| DE2907623A1 (en) * | 1979-02-27 | 1980-09-04 | Akzo Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING FIBRILLED FIBER STRUCTURES |
| DE2908101A1 (en) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-09-11 | Akzo Gmbh | MULTIFILER THREAD MADE OF SINGLE FILAMENTS OF THE MULTI-COMPONENT MATRIX SEGMENT TYPE |
| DE3035862C2 (en) * | 1980-09-23 | 1986-04-17 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Filament yarns made from multi-component fibers and their use in textile fabrics |
| US4836763A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1989-06-06 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Seven hole spinneret |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2987797A (en) * | 1956-10-08 | 1961-06-13 | Du Pont | Sheath and core textile filament |
| CH486570A (en) * | 1966-09-21 | 1970-02-28 | Inventa Ag | Device for the production of composite threads consisting of at least two different polymers |
| CA927561A (en) * | 1969-03-11 | 1973-06-05 | Snamprogetti S.P.A. | Spinning head for melt-spinning of composite filaments |
| JPS4929129B1 (en) * | 1970-04-07 | 1974-08-01 | ||
| DE2040802A1 (en) * | 1970-08-17 | 1972-03-02 | Toray Industries | Extrusion die for multi core composite - filaments offers stable long-run operation |
| DE2250496A1 (en) * | 1972-10-14 | 1974-04-18 | Basf Ag | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING CURLABLE COMPOSITE FIBERS |
-
1978
- 1978-01-25 DE DE19782803136 patent/DE2803136C2/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-01-17 ES ES476933A patent/ES476933A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-17 ES ES476923A patent/ES476923A1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-01-24 CA CA000320168A patent/CA1118171A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES476923A1 (en) | 1979-05-16 |
| DE2803136C2 (en) | 1984-04-05 |
| ES476933A1 (en) | 1979-06-16 |
| DE2803136A1 (en) | 1979-07-26 |
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