CA1117845A - Dispersions - Google Patents
DispersionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1117845A CA1117845A CA000326507A CA326507A CA1117845A CA 1117845 A CA1117845 A CA 1117845A CA 000326507 A CA000326507 A CA 000326507A CA 326507 A CA326507 A CA 326507A CA 1117845 A CA1117845 A CA 1117845A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- talc
- wetting agent
- weight
- dispersion
- alkyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/017—Mixtures of compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/40—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/56—Macromolecular organic compounds or oligomers thereof obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H19/58—Polymers or oligomers of diolefins, aromatic vinyl monomers or unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Interconnected Communication Systems, Intercoms, And Interphones (AREA)
- Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
Abstract
IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO DISPERSIONS
A B S T R A C T
Coating grade talc is dispersed in water, using an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant such as polyacrylic acid and an anionic or non-ionic wetting agent such as a dialkyl sulphosuccinate.
A B S T R A C T
Coating grade talc is dispersed in water, using an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant such as polyacrylic acid and an anionic or non-ionic wetting agent such as a dialkyl sulphosuccinate.
Description
æ~
This invention relates to dispersant systems for talc to be used, for example, as a coating material in the paper industry. In ma~i:ng such dispersions, the objective is to disperse in a reasonably short-time, say 1 to 2 hours, as much talc as possi~le in a stable pumpable dispersion.
The smaller the particle size of the talc, the more difficult is this objective to achieve.
A known dispersant system which is capable of forming a dispersion of 68.5%7 based on the total dispersion, of talc having the ma~orjty of particles greater than 5.5~m ~suitable for paper filling~ has the follo~l-ing composition:
_ . ............ ~ .. ~ .. . _ .
Percent on dlspersion on talc As Dispersant: Disodium salt of copolymer of maleic anhydride and di-isobutylene .68 1-AsThickener: Carboxymethylcellulose .68S
For pHControl:lM NaOH solution .78 1.13 _ _ _ _ ___ However, for paper coating a talc is required having a m~Jority of particles less than 2.5ym. Known dispersants do not permit the dispersion of more than about 60% by weight of such particles.
According to our invention, it is possible to obtain a satisfactory dispersion of coating grade talc, if there are included in the dispersant system the following constituents:-(i) an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant (ii) a nonionic or anionic wetting agent, said system providinga pH of 7 to 11 in the dispersion.
~;. ~,
This invention relates to dispersant systems for talc to be used, for example, as a coating material in the paper industry. In ma~i:ng such dispersions, the objective is to disperse in a reasonably short-time, say 1 to 2 hours, as much talc as possi~le in a stable pumpable dispersion.
The smaller the particle size of the talc, the more difficult is this objective to achieve.
A known dispersant system which is capable of forming a dispersion of 68.5%7 based on the total dispersion, of talc having the ma~orjty of particles greater than 5.5~m ~suitable for paper filling~ has the follo~l-ing composition:
_ . ............ ~ .. ~ .. . _ .
Percent on dlspersion on talc As Dispersant: Disodium salt of copolymer of maleic anhydride and di-isobutylene .68 1-AsThickener: Carboxymethylcellulose .68S
For pHControl:lM NaOH solution .78 1.13 _ _ _ _ ___ However, for paper coating a talc is required having a m~Jority of particles less than 2.5ym. Known dispersants do not permit the dispersion of more than about 60% by weight of such particles.
According to our invention, it is possible to obtain a satisfactory dispersion of coating grade talc, if there are included in the dispersant system the following constituents:-(i) an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant (ii) a nonionic or anionic wetting agent, said system providinga pH of 7 to 11 in the dispersion.
~;. ~,
- 2 The dispersant may, for example, be an alkali metal salt of a poly carboxylic acid, e.g. a copolymer of maleic anhydride and di-isobutylene or preferably a homo- or copolymer of acrylic acids. Other dispersants include carboxymethyl cellulose and naphthalene sulphonate/formaldehyde condensates.
The dispersant preferably has a weight average molecular weight less than 100,000 and a number average molecular weight greater than 1,000 .9. 1,000 to lO,OOO.
The wetting agent may be any of the known anionic or nonionic surface active agents, e.g. nonionic substances such as oxyethylated and/or oxy-propylated fatty alcohols9 fatty acids, alkylphenols or fatty amines, or anionic substances such as alkyl ether sulphates, olefin sulphonates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, alkyl phenol ether sulphates alkyl sulphates or amine ether sulphates. Particularly preferred are the di-alkyl sulpho-succinates.
Preferably the wetting agent has one or two alkyl groups having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms e.g. 8 to 10 carbon atoms. A typical example is di-octyl sulphosucc;nate, with either straight chain or branched chain alkyl groups.
The composition may optionally contain inorganic dispersants such as sodium or potassium polyphosphates~ silicates or hexametaphosphates.
It is desirable to avoid or reduce foam;ng, and according to pre-ferred embodiments of our invention, this may be achieved in one o~ three ways:-1. By seléction of a wetting agent (e.g. a dialkyl sulpho-succinate) which has relatively low foaming character.
2. By inclusion of an antifoam such as a fatty alcohol or silicone antifoam.
~ 3 -
The dispersant preferably has a weight average molecular weight less than 100,000 and a number average molecular weight greater than 1,000 .9. 1,000 to lO,OOO.
The wetting agent may be any of the known anionic or nonionic surface active agents, e.g. nonionic substances such as oxyethylated and/or oxy-propylated fatty alcohols9 fatty acids, alkylphenols or fatty amines, or anionic substances such as alkyl ether sulphates, olefin sulphonates, alkyl benzene sulphonates, alkyl phenol ether sulphates alkyl sulphates or amine ether sulphates. Particularly preferred are the di-alkyl sulpho-succinates.
Preferably the wetting agent has one or two alkyl groups having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms e.g. 8 to 10 carbon atoms. A typical example is di-octyl sulphosucc;nate, with either straight chain or branched chain alkyl groups.
The composition may optionally contain inorganic dispersants such as sodium or potassium polyphosphates~ silicates or hexametaphosphates.
It is desirable to avoid or reduce foam;ng, and according to pre-ferred embodiments of our invention, this may be achieved in one o~ three ways:-1. By seléction of a wetting agent (e.g. a dialkyl sulpho-succinate) which has relatively low foaming character.
2. By inclusion of an antifoam such as a fatty alcohol or silicone antifoam.
~ 3 -
3. By use of mixing techniques which do not involve a substantial liquid/gas interface.
According to one embodiment our invention provides a sta~le pumpable dispersion in water of at least 60% by weight of the dispersion of talc having a majority of particles less than Z.5~m said dispersion containing from 0.1% to 2% based on the we;ght of talc of an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant having a number average molecular weight greater than l,000 and a weight average molecular weight less than lO0~000 and from 0.1% to 2:5%
based on the weight of talc of a nonionic or anionic wetting agent and having a pH between 7 and ll.
Preferably the dispersion contains at least 65% by weight of the talc, e.g. 65%to 75%. The preferred concentration of dispersant is 0.3 to 1% based on the weight of talc.
The preferred concentration of wetting agent is 0.5 to 2% based on the weight of talc. The preferred pH is 8 to 10.5.
The dispersant system of ~he invention may be manufactured as an aqueous concentrate containing 20 to 80% total of dispersant and wetting agent. The purchaser of this concentrate may add a base to adjust the final pH and then water to the required dilution~ before mixing with the talc.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples:-:
The ta1c to be dispersed, known as Lohjatalc PVlO had the followingspecification:-99.9% less than 20 ~m.99% less than lO ~m.
85% less than 5 ~m.
60% less than 2 ~.
35% less than l ~m.
The dispersion had the following composition:-Lt;~ 3 Lohjatalc PV10: 55% (dry weight)Empicryl APD (sodium salt of di-isobutylene - maleic anhydride copolymer, 25% so1ids); 0.49%(0.75% on talc) Empilan KA10/80, a blend of C10-12 fatty alcohol 10 moles ethoxylate5 80%; water 20%; 0.81% (1.25% on talc).
Molar sodium hydroxide solution; 0.73% (1.13% on talc).
Water;balance to 100%.
The dispersion was prepared by dissolving all the water-soluble components of the formulation in the balance of water required, and then adding the talc to the solution with the aid of a high-speed mixer over a period of 45/50 minutes.
The viscosity of the dispersion was measured by a Brookfield Viscometerat ambient temperature immediately after processing, and after three days storage. The slurry tended to thicken and sediment on standing, but could be readily reconstituted by mild agitation.
Result Time Viscosity O days 480 cps 3 days 160 cps A dispersion was prepared by the method given in examplel. The composi-tion of the dispersion was as foliows:-Lohjatalc PV10; 65% (dry weight)Dispex N40 (sodium polyacrylate, 40% solids); 0.325% (0.5X on talc) Empimin OT (60% active di-octyl sulphosuccinate); 0.975% (1.5% on talc).
1 molar sodium hydroxide solution; 0.73% (1.13% on talc).
Water; balance to 100%.
The viscosity was measured as in example 1, with the follow;ng results:-Results TimeViscosity 0 days1,200 cps 3 days800 cps A dispersion was prepared by the method given in example 1.The composit;on of the dispersion was as follows:-Lohjatalc PV10; 65% (dry weight)Dispex N40% 0.2% (0.3% on talc) Empimin KSN70 (sodium C12_18 alkyl 3 mole ether sulphate), 1.17%
(1.8% on talc).
1 molar sodium hydroxide solution; 0.73% (1.13% on talc) Water, balance to 100%.
The viscosity was measured as in example 1 with the following results:-Resu_ts TimeViscosity - O.days2,300 cps 3 days800 cps ~. , A dispersion was prepared by the method given in example 1 except that instead of Lohjatalc PV10 ~here was used a talc known as Finntalc C10, having the following specification:-99% less than 12 ym.75% less than 4 ~m 50% less than 2.3 ~m.
25% less than 1.2 ~m.
Sodium tripolyphosphate was used as a deflocculating agent.
The dispersion had the following composition:-Finntalc C10; 65% (dry weight) Empicryl APD; 0.49% (0.75% on talc) Emp;lan KA10/80 0.81% (l.Z5% on talc) Sodium tripolyphosphate; 0.065% (0.1% on talc) 1 molar sodium hydroxide solution; 0.73% (1.13% on talc) Water; balance to 100%
Results Time Viscosity ~ . . . _ .
0 days 960 cps 3 days 280 cps A dispersion was prepared as in example 4 except that the Empicryl APDw~s replaced by an equal weight of Dispex N40.
Results Time Viscosity O days 300 cps 3 days 5,500 cps A dispersion was prepared by the method given in example 1.
The talc used in the dispersion was F;nntalc C10.
Sodium silicate, sold under the trade name Pyramid Grade No.84 (Crosfields), was used as the optionalingredient.
The dispersion had the following composition:-Finntalc C10; 65% (dry weight) 3 ~ 3 Empicryl APD, Q.49% ~0.75% on talc)Empilan KAlO/80; 0.81% (1.25% on talc) Sodium silicate; 0.33% (0.5% on talc) l molar sodium hydroxide solution, 0.73% (l.l3% on talc) Water, balance to 100%.
Results TimeYiscosity 0 days440 cps 3 days400 cps = . = = = ~, The following comparative experiments were performed using the dis-pers;na system as set out in Page l of the application. That ;s for a 65% solids talc dispersion:
Polyelectrolyte dispersing agent: 0.65% (l% sn talc) Carboxymethyl eellulose; 0.65% (1% on talc) ~- molar sodium hydroxide sol'n; 0.73% (l.l3% on talc) This dispersing system was used to attempt to prepare 65% talc dispersions from both Finntalc ClO and Lohjatalc PVlO using Empicryl APD as the poly-electrolyte dispersing agent.
In both experiments it was not possible to disperse all the talc.
.
The experiment of example 7 was repeated using Lohjatalc PVlO with Dispex N40 as the polyelectrolyte dispersing agent. It was not possible to disperse all the talc.
According to one embodiment our invention provides a sta~le pumpable dispersion in water of at least 60% by weight of the dispersion of talc having a majority of particles less than Z.5~m said dispersion containing from 0.1% to 2% based on the we;ght of talc of an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant having a number average molecular weight greater than l,000 and a weight average molecular weight less than lO0~000 and from 0.1% to 2:5%
based on the weight of talc of a nonionic or anionic wetting agent and having a pH between 7 and ll.
Preferably the dispersion contains at least 65% by weight of the talc, e.g. 65%to 75%. The preferred concentration of dispersant is 0.3 to 1% based on the weight of talc.
The preferred concentration of wetting agent is 0.5 to 2% based on the weight of talc. The preferred pH is 8 to 10.5.
The dispersant system of ~he invention may be manufactured as an aqueous concentrate containing 20 to 80% total of dispersant and wetting agent. The purchaser of this concentrate may add a base to adjust the final pH and then water to the required dilution~ before mixing with the talc.
The invention is illustrated by the following examples:-:
The ta1c to be dispersed, known as Lohjatalc PVlO had the followingspecification:-99.9% less than 20 ~m.99% less than lO ~m.
85% less than 5 ~m.
60% less than 2 ~.
35% less than l ~m.
The dispersion had the following composition:-Lt;~ 3 Lohjatalc PV10: 55% (dry weight)Empicryl APD (sodium salt of di-isobutylene - maleic anhydride copolymer, 25% so1ids); 0.49%(0.75% on talc) Empilan KA10/80, a blend of C10-12 fatty alcohol 10 moles ethoxylate5 80%; water 20%; 0.81% (1.25% on talc).
Molar sodium hydroxide solution; 0.73% (1.13% on talc).
Water;balance to 100%.
The dispersion was prepared by dissolving all the water-soluble components of the formulation in the balance of water required, and then adding the talc to the solution with the aid of a high-speed mixer over a period of 45/50 minutes.
The viscosity of the dispersion was measured by a Brookfield Viscometerat ambient temperature immediately after processing, and after three days storage. The slurry tended to thicken and sediment on standing, but could be readily reconstituted by mild agitation.
Result Time Viscosity O days 480 cps 3 days 160 cps A dispersion was prepared by the method given in examplel. The composi-tion of the dispersion was as foliows:-Lohjatalc PV10; 65% (dry weight)Dispex N40 (sodium polyacrylate, 40% solids); 0.325% (0.5X on talc) Empimin OT (60% active di-octyl sulphosuccinate); 0.975% (1.5% on talc).
1 molar sodium hydroxide solution; 0.73% (1.13% on talc).
Water; balance to 100%.
The viscosity was measured as in example 1, with the follow;ng results:-Results TimeViscosity 0 days1,200 cps 3 days800 cps A dispersion was prepared by the method given in example 1.The composit;on of the dispersion was as follows:-Lohjatalc PV10; 65% (dry weight)Dispex N40% 0.2% (0.3% on talc) Empimin KSN70 (sodium C12_18 alkyl 3 mole ether sulphate), 1.17%
(1.8% on talc).
1 molar sodium hydroxide solution; 0.73% (1.13% on talc) Water, balance to 100%.
The viscosity was measured as in example 1 with the following results:-Resu_ts TimeViscosity - O.days2,300 cps 3 days800 cps ~. , A dispersion was prepared by the method given in example 1 except that instead of Lohjatalc PV10 ~here was used a talc known as Finntalc C10, having the following specification:-99% less than 12 ym.75% less than 4 ~m 50% less than 2.3 ~m.
25% less than 1.2 ~m.
Sodium tripolyphosphate was used as a deflocculating agent.
The dispersion had the following composition:-Finntalc C10; 65% (dry weight) Empicryl APD; 0.49% (0.75% on talc) Emp;lan KA10/80 0.81% (l.Z5% on talc) Sodium tripolyphosphate; 0.065% (0.1% on talc) 1 molar sodium hydroxide solution; 0.73% (1.13% on talc) Water; balance to 100%
Results Time Viscosity ~ . . . _ .
0 days 960 cps 3 days 280 cps A dispersion was prepared as in example 4 except that the Empicryl APDw~s replaced by an equal weight of Dispex N40.
Results Time Viscosity O days 300 cps 3 days 5,500 cps A dispersion was prepared by the method given in example 1.
The talc used in the dispersion was F;nntalc C10.
Sodium silicate, sold under the trade name Pyramid Grade No.84 (Crosfields), was used as the optionalingredient.
The dispersion had the following composition:-Finntalc C10; 65% (dry weight) 3 ~ 3 Empicryl APD, Q.49% ~0.75% on talc)Empilan KAlO/80; 0.81% (1.25% on talc) Sodium silicate; 0.33% (0.5% on talc) l molar sodium hydroxide solution, 0.73% (l.l3% on talc) Water, balance to 100%.
Results TimeYiscosity 0 days440 cps 3 days400 cps = . = = = ~, The following comparative experiments were performed using the dis-pers;na system as set out in Page l of the application. That ;s for a 65% solids talc dispersion:
Polyelectrolyte dispersing agent: 0.65% (l% sn talc) Carboxymethyl eellulose; 0.65% (1% on talc) ~- molar sodium hydroxide sol'n; 0.73% (l.l3% on talc) This dispersing system was used to attempt to prepare 65% talc dispersions from both Finntalc ClO and Lohjatalc PVlO using Empicryl APD as the poly-electrolyte dispersing agent.
In both experiments it was not possible to disperse all the talc.
.
The experiment of example 7 was repeated using Lohjatalc PVlO with Dispex N40 as the polyelectrolyte dispersing agent. It was not possible to disperse all the talc.
Claims (21)
1. The method of dispersing talc for use in coating paper which comprises dispersing the talc in an aqueous solution containing an effective amount of a polyacrylic acid disper-sant having an average molecular weight less than 100,000 and a nonionic or anionic wetting agent and having a pH of from 7 to 11.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the dispersant has a number average molecular weight greater than 1,000.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the dispersant has a number average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 10, 000.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the wetting agent is an oxy-ethylated and/or oxy-propylated fatty alcohol, fatty acid, alkyl phenol or fatty amine.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the wetting agent is an alkyl ether sulphate, olefin sulphonate, alkyl benzene sulphonate, alkyl phenol ether sulphate, alkyl sulphate or amine ether sulphate.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the wetting agent is a di-alkyl sulphosuccinate.
7. A method according to any one of claims 4, 5 and 6 wherein the wetting agent has one or two alkyl groups having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
8. A method according to any one of claims 4, 5 and 6 wherein the wetting agent has one or two alkyl groups having from 8 to 10 carbon atoms.
9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the wetting agent is di-octyl sulphosuccinate.
10. A method according to claim 1 wherein there is present in the dispersion an antifoam.
11. A method according to the claim 10 wherein the anti-foam is a fatty alcohol.
12. A method according to claim 10 wherein the antifoam is a silicone.
13. A method according to claim 1 wherein the dispersion is prepared by mixing in the substantial absence of a liquid gas interface.
14. A stable pumpable dispersion in water of at least 60%
by weight of the dispersion of talc having a majority of particles less than 2.5 millimicrons, said dispersion containing from 0.1% to 2% based on the weight of talc of an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant having a number average molecular weight greater than 1,000 and a weight average molecular weight less than 100,000, and from 0.1%
to 2.5% based on the weight of talc of nonionic or anionic wetting agent and having a pH of between 7 and 11.
by weight of the dispersion of talc having a majority of particles less than 2.5 millimicrons, said dispersion containing from 0.1% to 2% based on the weight of talc of an organic polyelectrolyte dispersant having a number average molecular weight greater than 1,000 and a weight average molecular weight less than 100,000, and from 0.1%
to 2.5% based on the weight of talc of nonionic or anionic wetting agent and having a pH of between 7 and 11.
15. A composition according to claim 14 containing from 65 to 75% by weight of talc.
16. A composition according to either of claims 14 and 15 containing from 0.3 to 1.0% of the dispersant based on the weight of talc.
17. A composition according to claim 14 containing from 0.5 to 2% of wetting agent based on the weight of talc.
18. A composition according to claim 14 having a pH
from 8 to 10.5.
from 8 to 10.5.
19. A composition according to claim 14 wherein the dispersant is a polyacrylic acid.
20. A composition according to claim 14 wherein the wetting agent is a di-alkyl sulphosuccinate.
21. A composition according to claim 14 wherein the wetting agent has one or two alkyl groups having from 8 to 14 carbon atoms.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB16931/78 | 1978-04-28 | ||
| GB1693178 | 1978-04-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1117845A true CA1117845A (en) | 1982-02-09 |
Family
ID=10086254
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000326507A Expired CA1117845A (en) | 1978-04-28 | 1979-04-27 | Dispersions |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1117845A (en) |
| FI (1) | FI74215C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2019822B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO154313C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE442171B (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2948015A1 (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1981-06-11 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AQUEOUS PARAFFIN DISPERSIONS IN THE PRESENCE OF CATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTES AS DISPERSING AGENTS |
| EP0050936A1 (en) * | 1980-10-23 | 1982-05-05 | ENGLISH CLAYS LOVERING POCHIN & COMPANY LIMITED | Improvements in or relating to the preparation of aqueous suspensions of talc |
| US4505754A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-03-19 | Westvaco Corporation | Process for foam lowering and improvement of alum sensitivity of dispersed size |
| FR2581323B1 (en) * | 1985-05-06 | 1987-05-29 | Rhone Poulenc Spec Chim | NOVEL SURFACTANT COMPOSITION, PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SAME AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF |
| DE3712206A1 (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-10-20 | Benckiser Knapsack Gmbh | ALKALINE DISPERGATOR |
| SE8800660L (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1989-08-27 | Bilsom Ab | SEAT AND AGENTS FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBER CONTAINING, ESSENTIAL INORGANIC MATERIAL |
| DE3815239A1 (en) * | 1988-05-05 | 1989-11-16 | Bayer Ag | AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS WITH A SYNERGISTIC DISPERSING AGENT COMBINATION |
| US5266622A (en) * | 1988-05-05 | 1993-11-30 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Aqueous dispersions containing a synergistic dispersant combination |
| GB9405275D0 (en) * | 1994-03-17 | 1994-04-27 | Ecc Int Ltd | Aqueous suspensions of inorganic materials |
| FI102401B1 (en) | 1997-05-28 | 1998-11-30 | Raisio Chem Oy | Process for providing a transparent and permeable reducing coating on paper or cardboard and coating butter to be used in the process |
| FI980086A (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-11-29 | Enso Oyj | Coated paperboard, its method of manufacture and containers and packaging made from it |
| FI104502B (en) | 1997-09-16 | 2000-02-15 | Metsae Serla Oyj | A method of making a paper web |
| FI108950B (en) | 1998-03-13 | 2002-04-30 | M Real Oyj | A process for making coated wood-free paper |
| CA2329771A1 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 1999-11-11 | George A. Smith | Adsorbed surfactants and uses therefor |
| FI111649B (en) | 1998-05-11 | 2003-08-29 | M Real Oyj | The use of calcium carbonate is made from calcium oxalate as pigment |
| FI117717B (en) * | 1999-07-09 | 2007-01-31 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Surface Adhesive Composition |
| US7495042B2 (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2009-02-24 | Cabot Corporation | Non-aqueous coating compositions |
| FR2981939B1 (en) | 2011-10-26 | 2015-02-20 | Coatex Sas | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AQUEOUS TALC SUSPENSIONS FROM AN ACRYLIC POLYMER WITH GRAY TENSIO-ACTIVE FUNCTION, SUSPENSIONS OBTAINED AND USES THEREOF |
-
1979
- 1979-04-24 GB GB7914268A patent/GB2019822B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-27 SE SE7903753A patent/SE442171B/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-04-27 CA CA000326507A patent/CA1117845A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-27 NO NO791425A patent/NO154313C/en unknown
- 1979-04-27 FI FI791379A patent/FI74215C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2019822B (en) | 1982-07-28 |
| NO154313C (en) | 1986-08-27 |
| SE7903753L (en) | 1979-10-29 |
| NO791425L (en) | 1979-10-30 |
| NO154313B (en) | 1986-05-20 |
| GB2019822A (en) | 1979-11-07 |
| FI74215B (en) | 1987-09-30 |
| FI74215C (en) | 1988-01-11 |
| FI791379A (en) | 1979-10-29 |
| SE442171B (en) | 1985-12-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |