CA1117805A - Intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle - Google Patents
Intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattleInfo
- Publication number
- CA1117805A CA1117805A CA000313353A CA313353A CA1117805A CA 1117805 A CA1117805 A CA 1117805A CA 000313353 A CA000313353 A CA 000313353A CA 313353 A CA313353 A CA 313353A CA 1117805 A CA1117805 A CA 1117805A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil
- liquid feed
- feed supplement
- supplement
- acidulated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
SP-661.1 INTAKE LIMITING LIQUID
FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR CATTLE
Abstract of the Disclosure A liquid feed composition for cattle is disclosed which is capable of controlling consumption by cattle to a desired level without the use of equipment for this purpose.
The liquid feed composition includes an intake limiting amount of an acidulated fat wherein acidulation of the fat is carried out at a temperature of at least about 220°F. with a mineral acid.
FEED SUPPLEMENT FOR CATTLE
Abstract of the Disclosure A liquid feed composition for cattle is disclosed which is capable of controlling consumption by cattle to a desired level without the use of equipment for this purpose.
The liquid feed composition includes an intake limiting amount of an acidulated fat wherein acidulation of the fat is carried out at a temperature of at least about 220°F. with a mineral acid.
Description
Il~IT~KE LIMITING LI~UID
FEED SUPPLE~ENT FOR CATTLE
Background of the Invention This invent;on relates to an intake limiting liquid feed composition for cattle and a process for employing the same in order to attain an economical and efficient means of self-feeding cattle.
Liquid feed supplements are widely used for the feed-ing of cattle and have several advantages compared to dry feed supplements. One advantage is that since these feed supplements are in a liquid phase, the different components can be uniformly distributed throughout the liquid medium without difficulty.
Furthermore, the liquid nature of these supplements make them economical to manufacture because of the relatively simple type of apparatus required for producing liquid feeds as compared to dry supplements.
These liquid feed supplements usually employ as a medium, a carbohydrate solution, such as molasses. A disadvantage, however, of liquid feed supplements is the high palatability of the molasses or liquid ~eed mediurn which causes the animals to consume excessive amounts thereby exceeding the point of most efficient feed utilization. This has necessitated the use of special equipment which is designed to "meter" the quantity of liquid feed supplement to the animal. Equipment of this type in-clude "lick" wheels which are partially immersed in the feed sup-plement and as the animal licks the wheel it turns and carries supplement to the animal. This requirement for special equipment has, therefore, offset many of the economic advantages of manu-acturing liquid feeds and a need exists for a liquid feed sup-plement which is self-limiting and which controls consumption by the animal to a predetermined level without special equipment for this purpose.
Copending Cdn. Patent application, Serial No. 313,352, iled October 13, 1978, by the inventors herein, discloses a com-r~ '~y !
3~i --2~
position for controlling feed supplement intake which comprises an acidulated fat wherein acidulation of the fat is carried out at a temperature of at least about 220F. with an acid, preferably a mineral acid. It has now been determined that the use of this specific type of acidulated fat in liquid feed supplements also controls consumption of these supplements by cattle without a requirement for special equipment.
- Summary of the''Inven'tion The present invention provides an intake limiting feed composition for cattle which controls feed intake by the cattle and thereby provides a means of feeding the cattle without excessive consumption of the supplement and a need for special equipment in order to meter the supplement to the animal.
In one aspect the invention pertains to an intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle containing an intake limiting composition. The feed supplement comprises a liquid carbohydrate medium, and the intake limiting composition is pre-sent in an amount effective to limit intake of the supplement and consists essentially of an acidulated unsaponified fat which has been acidulated at a temperature of at least about 220F.
with an acid.
AnGther aspect of the invention pertains to an intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle containing an intake limiting compo~ition, the feed supplement comprising molasses, a dispersing agent, and a colloia material. The intake limiting composition is present in an amount effective to limi-t intake of the supplement and consists essentially of an acidulated un-saponified fat which has been acidulated at a temperature of at least about 220 F. with an acid.
The invention also comprehends a method of producing a self-limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle comprising forming a liquid feed supplement medium by mixing an intake i limiting amount of an acidulated unsaponified fat, ~Jherein acidula-tion of the fat has been carried out at a temperature of at least about 220~F. w~th an acid, with a liquid carbohydrate medium.
Preferably the acid is a m;neral acid and the acidulated fat may- be employed in the liquid feed supplement at a level effec-tive to limit intake and typically at a level which exceeds 1.5%
by weight and preferably at a leveI between about 2 and 8% by weight.
The acidulated fat by itseIf is entireIy satisfactory '~ 10 for intake limitation of the liquid feed supplement for cattle al-though, it may also be employed in combination with other intake limiters such as diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and combinations thereof. It is desirable in some instances to include these materials, since these additional limiters also contribute to the nutritive properties of the liquid feed supplement.
An object, therefore, of the present invention is to provide for a liquid feed composition which is capable of self-limiting intake by cattle without a requirement for special equip-ment to control consumption by the animal.
A further object of the present invention is to provide for a liquid feed composition which consists of components which individually do not detract from the nutrient requirements of the feed supplement, while at the same time control the liquid feed supplement intake to a predetermined amount in order to allow self-feeding by the cattle.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a liquid feed supplement which may be combined with roughage sources or dry feed supplements to provide a convenient and economical means of feeding cattle.
Des'crip'tion of the`Preferre'd'Embo'diments In accordance with the present invention, a liquid feed composition has been developed which is capable of limiting intake to a predetermined amount that is necessary for proper weight maintenance of the cattle. Thi~ predetermined amount of feed supplement intake for cattle will accordingly vary depending on the type of animals as weIl as thé environmental conditions under which they are maintained and is, therefore, not intended to limit the present invention although, it may be generally considered that a typical feed intake limitation for a liquid feed supplement will be less than about 6 lbs. of supplement per head per day preferably less than 4 lbs. per head per day and usually between about 2 to 4 lbs. of supplement per head of cattle per day. This amount of intake will generally be the amount which is necessary for proper weight maintenance as well as the most efficient feed utilization by the animal.
The liquid feed supplement of the present invention contains an intake limiting ingredient comprising an unsaponified acidualted fat wherein acidulation of the unsaponified fat is carried out at a temperature of at least about 220F. with an acid. The acidulated fat employed as an intake limiting ingre-dient of the present invention is fully described in the above-noted Canadian copending Patent Application Serial No. 313,352, 20 filed October 13, 1978. The acidulated fat may be employed in the liquid feed supplement medium in an amount effecitve to limit intake by cattle and typically is employed in the liquid feed supplement at a level exceeding 1.5% by weight and preferably at a level of between about 2 and 8% by weight. While it is preferred to employ the acidulated fat as the sole intake limit-ing ingredient for the liquid feed supplement of the present invention, nevertheless, it may also be used in combination with other intake limiting ingredients such as diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and combinations of these ingredients as desired.
~i ~?'l7~3~ J,,l The liquid f~ecl suppleincnt medium Gf the presen'c invention generally comprises a liquid mediwn such as molasses or a liqui~l carbohydrate solution or a medium including materials such as sugars, pectins, dextrins, starches or other type3 of soluble carbohydra~e materials. Molasses is ; employed as the preferred liciuid feed supplement medium for the supplements of the present invention because of its low cost and availahility. The molasses is commonly available as an aqueous solution and has a consistency varying from a thin to a thick syrup falling within the range of 50 - 90 Brix. The molasses can be any of the sugar containing molasses which are commercailly available including cane or blackstrap molasses, and the li~e~ These contain significant quantities of sugars which are an important source of organic nutrients and a carbohydrate source for the animal. Therefore, it is not intended ~o limit the present invention by the actual ingredients of a liquid feed supplement since besides the liquid medium as the primary ingredient, it is well known to add other materials to improve the nutritional or functional ; 20 characteristics of the liquid feed supplement.
In addition to ~he liquid feed supplement medium, it i5 also desirable to include a colloid material such as clay, including bentonite or attapulgite clay at typical levels between 0.5 and 5% by weight or a vegetable gum such as xanthan gum at typical levels of .025 to .15% by weight since this assists in providing a uniformly thickene~ liquid feed supplement with ~he desired viscosity. In ~he event clay is used in the liquid fee~ supplements of the present invention, it is also desirable to include a dispersing agent such as a soluble phosphate salt, for example, sodium, potassium, ammoni~n, tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate an~ polyphosphates. l'his improves dispersability o~ the clay in ~he liquid feed supplement medium. Ty p ical a mou nts o f a dis-p er s ing ag e nt ar c b etween 0.1 to 20~ by 7~3~5 SP ~fJl ~
weight of the clay.
It is further desirahle and well kno~m in the art to include ingredients in the liquid feed supplement medium which are necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of the animal including even grains and other non-soluble feed materials as well as a non-protein nitrogen source, such as biuret or urea. The exact amount of these materials which may be employed is not critical to the practice of the present invention since thi~ will be entirely within the judg~ment 1~ Of a person skilled in the art in order to meet the nutrient requirements of the animal. Furthermore, various minerals, vit~mins, or medicaments are dispersed in the liquid feed supple-ment medium to produce the desired nutritive properties for the animals.
lS The liquid feed supplement of the present inventi~n may also contain in addi~ion to the acidulated fat aescribed herein, other intake limiters such a~ an~vnium sulfate, or diammonium phosphate. These materials all individually contribute to the nutritive properties o~ the liquid feed ~20 supplement and typical ~Imounts which may be employed include 0.1 to 5% of ammonium sulfate, and 0.1 to 5% of diammonium phosphate. The liquid feed supplement of the present invention may be fed to cattle directly and thereby self-limit intake to the cattle without a requirement for special equipment in order to meter a designated amount of supplem~nt to the a~Lmal. It is also within the scope of the present invention that the liquid feed supplement described herein may be mixed with other dry feed supplements or various roughage sources which can then be fed to the cattle.
For the purposes of full and complete disclosure, the following Examples are set forth as illustrative rather than limiting embodiments ~hereof.
Example 1 Four separate batches of a liquid feed supplement were prepared and identified as Supplements A, B, C, and D.
Supplements B, C, and D contained varying levels of an acidulated fat prepared by taking 2,000 lbs. of bleachable fancy tallow and adding 10% by weight of con-centrated hydrochloric acid (36% HCL~. This mixture was heated for 120 minutes until a temperature of 260F. was achieved at which point the mixture was held at this temper-ature for a period of 3 hours. The acidulated fat was then neutralized to a pH of 5.0 with sodium hydroxide. -~he acidulated fat was added to Supplements B, C, and D according to the following formula. Supplement A was a control ~7hich contained only 5% by weight of a non-acidulated animal fat.
Supplement A (controlj B C D .
- Ingredient ~ by weight) Ammonium Polyphosphate 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 Calcium Carbonate 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Attapulgite Clay 1.5 1.5 1O5 1.5 Urea 3-0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Molasses 69.59 66.59 68.59 70.59 Wa~er 10~0 lO.0 lO.0 lO.0 Vitamins & Minerals 0.21 U.21 0.21 0.21 50~ Soaium Hydroxide0.30 0~30 0.30 0.30 Acidulated ~at - 8.0 6.0 4.
Animal Fat ~ ~ 0 (not acidulated) The above identified liquid supplements were prepared by combining the molasses, ~ater, and sodium hydroxide solution, ~ SP 6~
-- ~ ~
mixing for 15 seconds, followed by the additiGn of th~ ammoniumS
pslyphosphate and mixing for an additional 10 seconds. The attapulgite clay was then added and mixed for 2 minutes, follo~Jed hy the dry urea which was mixed for 1 minute. The acidulated or non-acidulated fat in the use of the control was then added and mixed for 5 seconds followed by the addition of the vitamins and minerals with mixing for an additional 2 1/2 minutes.
Supplements "B", "C", and "D" were each fed in a separate 2 week feeding trial to a total of 6 cows against Supplement "A" which served as a control. The supplements were available to the cattle in an open container on a free choice basis. Average consumption was detexmined to be the ollowing:
Feeding Trial No. 1 Supplement Consumption (lb. per head per day) A (control) 8.7 B 1.68 Feeding Trial No. 2 Supplement Consumption (lb. pex head per day) A (control) 11.5 C 1.66 .
Feeding Trial No. 3 Supplement Consum~tion (lb. per head per day) A (control) 14.9 D 2~6
FEED SUPPLE~ENT FOR CATTLE
Background of the Invention This invent;on relates to an intake limiting liquid feed composition for cattle and a process for employing the same in order to attain an economical and efficient means of self-feeding cattle.
Liquid feed supplements are widely used for the feed-ing of cattle and have several advantages compared to dry feed supplements. One advantage is that since these feed supplements are in a liquid phase, the different components can be uniformly distributed throughout the liquid medium without difficulty.
Furthermore, the liquid nature of these supplements make them economical to manufacture because of the relatively simple type of apparatus required for producing liquid feeds as compared to dry supplements.
These liquid feed supplements usually employ as a medium, a carbohydrate solution, such as molasses. A disadvantage, however, of liquid feed supplements is the high palatability of the molasses or liquid ~eed mediurn which causes the animals to consume excessive amounts thereby exceeding the point of most efficient feed utilization. This has necessitated the use of special equipment which is designed to "meter" the quantity of liquid feed supplement to the animal. Equipment of this type in-clude "lick" wheels which are partially immersed in the feed sup-plement and as the animal licks the wheel it turns and carries supplement to the animal. This requirement for special equipment has, therefore, offset many of the economic advantages of manu-acturing liquid feeds and a need exists for a liquid feed sup-plement which is self-limiting and which controls consumption by the animal to a predetermined level without special equipment for this purpose.
Copending Cdn. Patent application, Serial No. 313,352, iled October 13, 1978, by the inventors herein, discloses a com-r~ '~y !
3~i --2~
position for controlling feed supplement intake which comprises an acidulated fat wherein acidulation of the fat is carried out at a temperature of at least about 220F. with an acid, preferably a mineral acid. It has now been determined that the use of this specific type of acidulated fat in liquid feed supplements also controls consumption of these supplements by cattle without a requirement for special equipment.
- Summary of the''Inven'tion The present invention provides an intake limiting feed composition for cattle which controls feed intake by the cattle and thereby provides a means of feeding the cattle without excessive consumption of the supplement and a need for special equipment in order to meter the supplement to the animal.
In one aspect the invention pertains to an intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle containing an intake limiting composition. The feed supplement comprises a liquid carbohydrate medium, and the intake limiting composition is pre-sent in an amount effective to limit intake of the supplement and consists essentially of an acidulated unsaponified fat which has been acidulated at a temperature of at least about 220F.
with an acid.
AnGther aspect of the invention pertains to an intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle containing an intake limiting compo~ition, the feed supplement comprising molasses, a dispersing agent, and a colloia material. The intake limiting composition is present in an amount effective to limi-t intake of the supplement and consists essentially of an acidulated un-saponified fat which has been acidulated at a temperature of at least about 220 F. with an acid.
The invention also comprehends a method of producing a self-limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle comprising forming a liquid feed supplement medium by mixing an intake i limiting amount of an acidulated unsaponified fat, ~Jherein acidula-tion of the fat has been carried out at a temperature of at least about 220~F. w~th an acid, with a liquid carbohydrate medium.
Preferably the acid is a m;neral acid and the acidulated fat may- be employed in the liquid feed supplement at a level effec-tive to limit intake and typically at a level which exceeds 1.5%
by weight and preferably at a leveI between about 2 and 8% by weight.
The acidulated fat by itseIf is entireIy satisfactory '~ 10 for intake limitation of the liquid feed supplement for cattle al-though, it may also be employed in combination with other intake limiters such as diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and combinations thereof. It is desirable in some instances to include these materials, since these additional limiters also contribute to the nutritive properties of the liquid feed supplement.
An object, therefore, of the present invention is to provide for a liquid feed composition which is capable of self-limiting intake by cattle without a requirement for special equip-ment to control consumption by the animal.
A further object of the present invention is to provide for a liquid feed composition which consists of components which individually do not detract from the nutrient requirements of the feed supplement, while at the same time control the liquid feed supplement intake to a predetermined amount in order to allow self-feeding by the cattle.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a liquid feed supplement which may be combined with roughage sources or dry feed supplements to provide a convenient and economical means of feeding cattle.
Des'crip'tion of the`Preferre'd'Embo'diments In accordance with the present invention, a liquid feed composition has been developed which is capable of limiting intake to a predetermined amount that is necessary for proper weight maintenance of the cattle. Thi~ predetermined amount of feed supplement intake for cattle will accordingly vary depending on the type of animals as weIl as thé environmental conditions under which they are maintained and is, therefore, not intended to limit the present invention although, it may be generally considered that a typical feed intake limitation for a liquid feed supplement will be less than about 6 lbs. of supplement per head per day preferably less than 4 lbs. per head per day and usually between about 2 to 4 lbs. of supplement per head of cattle per day. This amount of intake will generally be the amount which is necessary for proper weight maintenance as well as the most efficient feed utilization by the animal.
The liquid feed supplement of the present invention contains an intake limiting ingredient comprising an unsaponified acidualted fat wherein acidulation of the unsaponified fat is carried out at a temperature of at least about 220F. with an acid. The acidulated fat employed as an intake limiting ingre-dient of the present invention is fully described in the above-noted Canadian copending Patent Application Serial No. 313,352, 20 filed October 13, 1978. The acidulated fat may be employed in the liquid feed supplement medium in an amount effecitve to limit intake by cattle and typically is employed in the liquid feed supplement at a level exceeding 1.5% by weight and preferably at a level of between about 2 and 8% by weight. While it is preferred to employ the acidulated fat as the sole intake limit-ing ingredient for the liquid feed supplement of the present invention, nevertheless, it may also be used in combination with other intake limiting ingredients such as diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and combinations of these ingredients as desired.
~i ~?'l7~3~ J,,l The liquid f~ecl suppleincnt medium Gf the presen'c invention generally comprises a liquid mediwn such as molasses or a liqui~l carbohydrate solution or a medium including materials such as sugars, pectins, dextrins, starches or other type3 of soluble carbohydra~e materials. Molasses is ; employed as the preferred liciuid feed supplement medium for the supplements of the present invention because of its low cost and availahility. The molasses is commonly available as an aqueous solution and has a consistency varying from a thin to a thick syrup falling within the range of 50 - 90 Brix. The molasses can be any of the sugar containing molasses which are commercailly available including cane or blackstrap molasses, and the li~e~ These contain significant quantities of sugars which are an important source of organic nutrients and a carbohydrate source for the animal. Therefore, it is not intended ~o limit the present invention by the actual ingredients of a liquid feed supplement since besides the liquid medium as the primary ingredient, it is well known to add other materials to improve the nutritional or functional ; 20 characteristics of the liquid feed supplement.
In addition to ~he liquid feed supplement medium, it i5 also desirable to include a colloid material such as clay, including bentonite or attapulgite clay at typical levels between 0.5 and 5% by weight or a vegetable gum such as xanthan gum at typical levels of .025 to .15% by weight since this assists in providing a uniformly thickene~ liquid feed supplement with ~he desired viscosity. In ~he event clay is used in the liquid fee~ supplements of the present invention, it is also desirable to include a dispersing agent such as a soluble phosphate salt, for example, sodium, potassium, ammoni~n, tripolyphosphate, pyrophosphate an~ polyphosphates. l'his improves dispersability o~ the clay in ~he liquid feed supplement medium. Ty p ical a mou nts o f a dis-p er s ing ag e nt ar c b etween 0.1 to 20~ by 7~3~5 SP ~fJl ~
weight of the clay.
It is further desirahle and well kno~m in the art to include ingredients in the liquid feed supplement medium which are necessary to meet the nutritional requirements of the animal including even grains and other non-soluble feed materials as well as a non-protein nitrogen source, such as biuret or urea. The exact amount of these materials which may be employed is not critical to the practice of the present invention since thi~ will be entirely within the judg~ment 1~ Of a person skilled in the art in order to meet the nutrient requirements of the animal. Furthermore, various minerals, vit~mins, or medicaments are dispersed in the liquid feed supple-ment medium to produce the desired nutritive properties for the animals.
lS The liquid feed supplement of the present inventi~n may also contain in addi~ion to the acidulated fat aescribed herein, other intake limiters such a~ an~vnium sulfate, or diammonium phosphate. These materials all individually contribute to the nutritive properties o~ the liquid feed ~20 supplement and typical ~Imounts which may be employed include 0.1 to 5% of ammonium sulfate, and 0.1 to 5% of diammonium phosphate. The liquid feed supplement of the present invention may be fed to cattle directly and thereby self-limit intake to the cattle without a requirement for special equipment in order to meter a designated amount of supplem~nt to the a~Lmal. It is also within the scope of the present invention that the liquid feed supplement described herein may be mixed with other dry feed supplements or various roughage sources which can then be fed to the cattle.
For the purposes of full and complete disclosure, the following Examples are set forth as illustrative rather than limiting embodiments ~hereof.
Example 1 Four separate batches of a liquid feed supplement were prepared and identified as Supplements A, B, C, and D.
Supplements B, C, and D contained varying levels of an acidulated fat prepared by taking 2,000 lbs. of bleachable fancy tallow and adding 10% by weight of con-centrated hydrochloric acid (36% HCL~. This mixture was heated for 120 minutes until a temperature of 260F. was achieved at which point the mixture was held at this temper-ature for a period of 3 hours. The acidulated fat was then neutralized to a pH of 5.0 with sodium hydroxide. -~he acidulated fat was added to Supplements B, C, and D according to the following formula. Supplement A was a control ~7hich contained only 5% by weight of a non-acidulated animal fat.
Supplement A (controlj B C D .
- Ingredient ~ by weight) Ammonium Polyphosphate 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 Calcium Carbonate 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 Attapulgite Clay 1.5 1.5 1O5 1.5 Urea 3-0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Molasses 69.59 66.59 68.59 70.59 Wa~er 10~0 lO.0 lO.0 lO.0 Vitamins & Minerals 0.21 U.21 0.21 0.21 50~ Soaium Hydroxide0.30 0~30 0.30 0.30 Acidulated ~at - 8.0 6.0 4.
Animal Fat ~ ~ 0 (not acidulated) The above identified liquid supplements were prepared by combining the molasses, ~ater, and sodium hydroxide solution, ~ SP 6~
-- ~ ~
mixing for 15 seconds, followed by the additiGn of th~ ammoniumS
pslyphosphate and mixing for an additional 10 seconds. The attapulgite clay was then added and mixed for 2 minutes, follo~Jed hy the dry urea which was mixed for 1 minute. The acidulated or non-acidulated fat in the use of the control was then added and mixed for 5 seconds followed by the addition of the vitamins and minerals with mixing for an additional 2 1/2 minutes.
Supplements "B", "C", and "D" were each fed in a separate 2 week feeding trial to a total of 6 cows against Supplement "A" which served as a control. The supplements were available to the cattle in an open container on a free choice basis. Average consumption was detexmined to be the ollowing:
Feeding Trial No. 1 Supplement Consumption (lb. per head per day) A (control) 8.7 B 1.68 Feeding Trial No. 2 Supplement Consumption (lb. pex head per day) A (control) 11.5 C 1.66 .
Feeding Trial No. 3 Supplement Consum~tion (lb. per head per day) A (control) 14.9 D 2~6
Claims (27)
1. An intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle containing an intake limiting composition, said feed supplement comprising a liquid carbohydrate medium, said intake limiting composition being present in an amount effective to limit intake of said supplement, consisting essentially of an acidulated unsaponified fat which has been acidulated at a temperature of at least about 220°F.
with an acid.
with an acid.
2. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 1 wherein acidulation has been carried out at a temperature of about 260°F.
3. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 1 wherein the acid is a mineral acid.
4. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 3 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
5. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 1 wherein the amount of said acidulated fat effective to limit intake is at least about 1.5% by weight of said supplement.
6. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 1 wherein the amount of said acidulated fat effective to limit intake is between about 2 to 8% by weight of said supplement.
7. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 1 wherein the liquid carbohydrate medium is molasses.
8. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 1 wherein an intake limiting amount of a material selected from the group consisting of diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, and combinations thereof is included.
9. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 8 wherein the level of ammonium sulfate is 0.1 to 5% by weight of said supplement, and the level of diammonium phosphate is 0.1 to 5% by weight of said supplement.
10. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said acidulated unsaponified fat is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil , soybean oil, tallow, and grease.
11. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 4, 5 or 6, wherein said acidulated unsaponified fat is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, tallow, and grease.
12. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 7, 8 or 9, wherein said acidulated unsaponified fat is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, tallow, and grease.
13. An intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle containing an intake limiting composition, said feed supplement comprising molasses, a dispersing agent, and a colloid material, said intake limiting composition being present in an amount effective to limit intake of said supplement and consisting essentially of an acidulated unsaponified fat which has been acidulated at a temperature of at least about 220°F. with an acid.
14. A liquid feed supplement for cattle as set forth in Claim 13 wherein acidulation of the fat has been carried out at a temperature of at least about 260°F.
15. A liquid feed supplement as set forth in Claim 13 wherein the dispersing agent is employed at a level between about 0.1 to 20% by weight of said colloid material.
16. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 13 wherein the colloid material is employed at a level of between about 0.5 to 5% by weight of said supplement.
17. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 13 which includes 0.1 to 5% by weight of said supplement of ammonium sulfate, and 0.1 to 5% by weight of said supplement of diam-monium phosphate.
18. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 13, 14 or 15, wherein said acidulated unsaponified fat is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, corn oil, cotton-seed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, tallow, and grease.
19. The liquid feed supplement of Claim 16 or 17 wherein said acidulated unsaponified fat is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, tallow, and grease.
20. A method of producing a self-limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle comprising forming a liquid feed supplement medium by mixing an intake limiting amount of an acidulated unsaponified fat, wherein acidulation of the fat has been carried out at a temperature of at least about 220°F. with an acid, with a liquid carbohydrate medium.
21. The method of Claim 20 wherein the intake limiting amount is at least about 1.5% by weight of said supplement.
22. The method of Claim 20 wherein acidulation has been carried out at a temperature of about 260°F.
23. The method of Claim 20 wherein the acid is a mineral acid.
24. The method of Claim 23 wherein the mineral acid is hydrochloric acid.
25. The method of Claim 20 wherein the liquid carbohydrate medium is molasses.
26. The method of Claim 20, 21 or 22, wherein the acidulated unsaponified fat is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, tallow, and grease.
27. The method of Claim 23, 24 or 25, wherein the acidulated unsaponified fat is selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soybean oil, tallow, and grease.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US84974177A | 1977-11-09 | 1977-11-09 | |
| US849,741 | 1977-11-09 | ||
| US93078778A | 1978-08-03 | 1978-08-03 | |
| US930,787 | 1978-08-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1117805A true CA1117805A (en) | 1982-02-09 |
Family
ID=27126870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000313353A Expired CA1117805A (en) | 1977-11-09 | 1978-10-13 | Intake limiting liquid feed supplement for cattle |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1117805A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2848182C3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES474913A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2408309A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1109275B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX6310E (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2487174B1 (en) * | 1980-07-28 | 1985-10-11 | Ralston Purina Co | LIQUID COMPOSITION CONTAINING CHLORINATED FAT, FOR LIMITING THE CONSUMPTION OF A FOOD SUPPLEMENT BY RUMINANTS, AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE FREE FEEDING OF SUCH ANIMALS |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3669676A (en) * | 1970-07-13 | 1972-06-13 | Ralston Purina Co | Feed intake limiting composition for cattle |
| US3895117A (en) * | 1971-09-20 | 1975-07-15 | Union Oil Co | Animal feed supplement and method for its preparation |
-
1978
- 1978-10-13 CA CA000313353A patent/CA1117805A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-07 MX MX787515U patent/MX6310E/en unknown
- 1978-11-07 DE DE2848182A patent/DE2848182C3/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-08 IT IT51825/78A patent/IT1109275B/en active
- 1978-11-08 ES ES474913A patent/ES474913A1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-11-08 FR FR7831601A patent/FR2408309A1/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT7851825A0 (en) | 1978-11-08 |
| ES474913A1 (en) | 1979-11-01 |
| MX6310E (en) | 1985-04-01 |
| IT1109275B (en) | 1985-12-16 |
| FR2408309B1 (en) | 1983-10-14 |
| DE2848182B2 (en) | 1981-03-12 |
| DE2848182A1 (en) | 1979-05-10 |
| FR2408309A1 (en) | 1979-06-08 |
| DE2848182C3 (en) | 1981-10-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |