CA1116988A - Reuseable puncture shield for tire casings - Google Patents
Reuseable puncture shield for tire casingsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1116988A CA1116988A CA000303564A CA303564A CA1116988A CA 1116988 A CA1116988 A CA 1116988A CA 000303564 A CA000303564 A CA 000303564A CA 303564 A CA303564 A CA 303564A CA 1116988 A CA1116988 A CA 1116988A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- shield
- casing
- tire
- puncture
- tire casing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
REUSABLE PUNCTURE SHIELD FOR TIRE CASINGS
ABSTRACT
h puncture resistant pneumatic tire including a casing and an inner tube where the side walls of the casing flex under load a known amount, the method of designing a puncture shield which does not fail from reversion when driven at high speeds. The shield is made in a mould from liquid natural rubber a foaming agent and other compounds. The outer surface of the ring is contoured to mate with the lower inside of the tire casing and the upper or inner surface of the ring is designed to protect the tube from bulging in use and to be able itself to withstand flexing at the flex zone of the casing, by forming the inner surface with a convex shape at its outer sides and by flattening and upwardly bulging the inner surface of the shield where it overlies the tread portion of the tire to create tapered wings at its sides as seen in cross section and a massive puncture resistant portion over the tire treads.
ABSTRACT
h puncture resistant pneumatic tire including a casing and an inner tube where the side walls of the casing flex under load a known amount, the method of designing a puncture shield which does not fail from reversion when driven at high speeds. The shield is made in a mould from liquid natural rubber a foaming agent and other compounds. The outer surface of the ring is contoured to mate with the lower inside of the tire casing and the upper or inner surface of the ring is designed to protect the tube from bulging in use and to be able itself to withstand flexing at the flex zone of the casing, by forming the inner surface with a convex shape at its outer sides and by flattening and upwardly bulging the inner surface of the shield where it overlies the tread portion of the tire to create tapered wings at its sides as seen in cross section and a massive puncture resistant portion over the tire treads.
Description
REUSEABLE PUNCTURE SHIELD FOR TIRE CASINGS.
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a puncture shield for use inside a vehicle tire and a means and method of forming same and fitting it to a tire casing.
PRIOR ART
It is known that considerable expense and time loss is sustained by construction equipment and heavy trucks which employ air-filled tires when used on rough terrain where sharp rocks stakes and sapling stumps can easily puncture a tire causing loss while the tire is replaced or repaired. It is known that liquid plastic material can be injected into a tire casing when secured to a wheel rim, to set and conform to the inside of the casing and provide a puncture resistant inner core or shield for the tire.
It has been found that when plastic filled tires are worn or the casing damaged requiring the discard of the casing, the plastic core must be discarded also since it was bonded to the casing walls when it was formed in the casing. The cost of filling a tire casing with a plastic such as urethane can be a major part of the cost especially in large tires when the urethane cannot be saved. There is therefore a great demand and need for a puncture shield core for large tires that can be salvaged from worn or broken casings.
It is also known that most punctures are caused by objects under three inches in length. It is not necessary therefore to completely fill the tire to provide puncture protection.
Urethane or high density foam rubber can be injected into a tire to reduce flats but filled tires work well only under certain weight restrictions and when driven at speeds under 45 m.p.h. for short distances. When filled tires are used at highway speeds there is great heat generated by the flexing casing slapping agaist the fill resulting in the reversion and liqifaction of the rubber or plastic. In the case of solid rubber it will explode or separate the casing from the heat gener-ated within. Although the fill material is injected into the tire under pressure causing expansion of the casing thereby holding the casing and fill in pressure contact, there is not sufficient resilience and elasticity in the fill to expand at the same rate as the casing as the casing flexes as it rolls on the road surface thereby creating the slapping action which generates the heat, of the inner wall surface of the casing against the fill. A tube will cling by air pressure to the
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a puncture shield for use inside a vehicle tire and a means and method of forming same and fitting it to a tire casing.
PRIOR ART
It is known that considerable expense and time loss is sustained by construction equipment and heavy trucks which employ air-filled tires when used on rough terrain where sharp rocks stakes and sapling stumps can easily puncture a tire causing loss while the tire is replaced or repaired. It is known that liquid plastic material can be injected into a tire casing when secured to a wheel rim, to set and conform to the inside of the casing and provide a puncture resistant inner core or shield for the tire.
It has been found that when plastic filled tires are worn or the casing damaged requiring the discard of the casing, the plastic core must be discarded also since it was bonded to the casing walls when it was formed in the casing. The cost of filling a tire casing with a plastic such as urethane can be a major part of the cost especially in large tires when the urethane cannot be saved. There is therefore a great demand and need for a puncture shield core for large tires that can be salvaged from worn or broken casings.
It is also known that most punctures are caused by objects under three inches in length. It is not necessary therefore to completely fill the tire to provide puncture protection.
Urethane or high density foam rubber can be injected into a tire to reduce flats but filled tires work well only under certain weight restrictions and when driven at speeds under 45 m.p.h. for short distances. When filled tires are used at highway speeds there is great heat generated by the flexing casing slapping agaist the fill resulting in the reversion and liqifaction of the rubber or plastic. In the case of solid rubber it will explode or separate the casing from the heat gener-ated within. Although the fill material is injected into the tire under pressure causing expansion of the casing thereby holding the casing and fill in pressure contact, there is not sufficient resilience and elasticity in the fill to expand at the same rate as the casing as the casing flexes as it rolls on the road surface thereby creating the slapping action which generates the heat, of the inner wall surface of the casing against the fill. A tube will cling by air pressure to the
-2-~6988 -casing and the air will dissipate the heat.
Another disadvantage of solid or foam rubber fi,lled tires is that they add weight to the vehicle and reduce the flexibility of the tire.
The use of boots in tires or of a casing within a casing as was done in the war to protect army vehicle tires could be used to stop small objects from piercing the tube, but the heat generated by the friction of the inner casing would cause the tire to fail at high speeds and would not protect the tube from larger objects.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a puncture shield for a tubeless or tube-type tire which is designed to permit the tire to be run at highway speeds under load without failing from heat caused by frictional action of the casing against the shield during flexing motion of the tire on the road surface.
It isa,further ob;ect of the present invention to replace solid filled tires with combinations of rubber-foam and urethane core8, urethane and tubes and foam rubber combinations using foam shield and hard cores for low speed vehicles driven on rough terrain where salvage of the cores, shields and urethane is desirable.
It i6 another object to provide a method of designing a reuseable puncture ~hield for various dimensions of tire casings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises determining the flex characteristics for the particular tire casing to be protected and then moulding a shield from high density foam rubber to interfit the tire casing in a shape which will prevent puncture of a tube while being itself sufficiently flexible within the casing to overcome temperature breakdown to the foam rubber and bulging and pinching of the tube by the shield when the casing flexes and distorts while rolling on a road surface at high speeds. The contour of the shield facing the inner tube is rounded upwardly at its edges to thinly contact the casing walls at the point of maximum flex of the casing in a flap-like configuration with the 1~69~8 mid-section smoothly bulged upwaxds to provide a depth of rubber shield at least three inches above the casing wall. The shield is moulded into a ring shape from natural rubber a small amount of synthetic rubber and a foaming agent such as nitrogen in a mould.
The shield is designed with a relatively thin section at the critical flex point for the particular tire casing to create a hinge-like portion to the point of connection of the flap with the mid section to prevent overheatiny and bunching of the shield at the critical flex point. Where the tire is to be used only for slow moving vehicles on -rough terrain a one piece ring of hard rubber or other plastic such as urethane is fitted against the shield under pressure to provide a reuseable pair of cores resistant to puncture and yet providing a comfortable ride to the operator and protecting the vehicle from undue shock from the terrain.
Where the hard rubber or urethane is to be situate next the casing additional variations in the methods of installation are employed as follows; a casing is used as a mould; a preformed shield of simple ring like foam rubber is held under pressure next to the rim of a wheel holding the casing ancl the plastic fill is injected between them to harden under pressure in the casing. The shield can be salvaged for reuse after wear of the casing.
The preferred embodiment of the invention its method of manufacture and design, and variations of its uses and methods of installation is shown in the attached drawings where like reference numerals refer to like parts.
~ In The Drawing 11~6988 - The embodiment of the preferred structure for a vehicle tire is depicted in the accompanying drawing of a large truck or-other vehicle tire showing in cross sectional vi~w, a tire casing when in the unflexed unloaded condition showing the shield of the present invention situate against the casing wall and showing the shape of the tube protecting flap and the necked portion of the shield at a critical flex point of the tire.
Discussion of the preferred embodiment of the invention:
The shield 72 of the preferred form of the invention is shown in the drawing in use combined with a heavy duty tube 74 in a truck tire casing 70 for a truck which will be moving at highway speed and carrying a load and which would also encounter rough terrain. Where the truck or tractor would only be driven at low speeds but on rough terrain the embodiments of Figures 1,2, 3, and 4 would be adequate to protect the tire from punctures.
The shield 72 is formed in a mould from natural rubber,small amounts of synthetic rubber with nitrogen as the blowing agent to result in a high density foamed rubber product. 70% natural rubber, should be used. Each make of tire casing will have a shield designed according to the flex characteristics of its walls.
The shield 72 for casing 70 shown is designed to insure that the part of the casing experiencing the most side flex is above the top of the shield at the critical flex point 75. The area from dotted line 97 to the outside of the casing encounters the greatest flex and is the flex zone. It is in this area that the shield is worked the most and where the tube bellies the most when the tire rolls.
Therefore, not only must the shield be most heat resistant in that zone, as shown by angle of foam 82, but it must present an even contour to the tube pressing against it from above. Any sharp corners in the upper side of the shield, especially in the line 86-75 will provide a discontinuity for the tube to belly into and eventually loose its elasticity at the point.
In resume;- When the side walls of the casing flex outward the tube follows simultaneously to fill the cavity formed but the shield being less elastic lags in time , creating a void between it and the casing wall. Unless the shield is smoothly contoured with the tube the bunching of the slow moving shield would pinch the tube. It is the overstretching of the segment of the tube where it ~ ¢988 ` ~ ~
meets ~Qe casing that causes failure unless the shield is designed as herein.
When the tire 70 rolls on the road the tread 73- moves upward and the tire casing flexes from a point 88 toward the rim. The tread area 73 flattens out and pushes the casing upward and outward as indicated by line 95 with point 86 coming into position 90. The reaction downward of the rim causes point 86 to move out thus becoming the maximum flex point. As will be seen in the drawing the actual distance of points along line 95 vary dramatically from their unflexed point. Point 88 moves only upward but 86 moves to 90. If the shield were designed to fill an unflexed casing across a line 86-86 with a tube above it pressurized to the recom-mended 90 psi fGr a truck tire under load the ring of foam rubber would make a dense mass in the casing. The tube pressure being equal across the shield surface 772 when the tire rolls the wall 70 flexes out and the pressure of the tube forces the tube wall 74 to move simultaneously with the tire. The dense mass of the slower moving shield at point 86 will pinch the bulge in the tube at the point 86 causing it to fail after continued overstretch:ing and pinching at that point.
The part of the shield 72 above tread 73 moves only upwards but the portion of shield 88-75 goes outwardly creating a hinge-like zone at 75-88 where stress and heat generation will occur in the shield. The greater the thickness of shield at point 75 the greater the heat generated by high speed driving and the reault is breakdown of the shield. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a shield for use in truck tires where both tube and shield are protected from fatigue which object is achieved by making the foam rubber shield into a one piece continuous ring co~cavely shaped to interfit the inside of a tire casing, on the outside, and generallyCnvexly curved on the inside to accomadate a tube under pressure.
In order to give the maximum, at least three inches, of puncture pro~ection for the tire in the tread region, the inside convex side of the shield can be bulged upwardly in a continuously smooth contour thereby creating a pair of flap like wings tapering into the outside ring of the shield. Line 771 and line 78 will when combined to create the upper convex and inner side of the shield, provide the ultimate design for a puncture resistant member capable of withstanding heat and also protecting the tube from bellying and pinching as it will be seen the shield is relatively thin in the line of flex hinge zone 75. The line 773 would be an .equate depth of shield where the tread lugs were of unusual depth.
In short the hinge depth is of critical design dependlng upon the use of the tire and the speed with which it will roll. As additional protection a removeable steel belt 80 can be fitted between the shield 72 and casing 70. The steel does not require embedding in the casing to hold it in place and to protect the tube from it because the pressure of the shield will hold it in place. When the casing is worn in the present invention the steel belt can be saved with the shield of foam and the tube. In designing a shield for a particular tire the flex zone line 97 is arrived at as follows; a line parallel with the road is drawn through the point of inter -section of the tread outside edge 66 and the outside wall of casing 70, which parallel line will intersect the inside of the casing 70 at point 88 which is the point where the wall begins to flex outwards. In the draw-ings a dotted line is shown passing through point 86, the maximum flex point on the casing, which line is substantially tangential to the tire at 86. The tire casing shown is a nylon biased 1000 x 20 truck tire and the flap dimensions for the shield is found by making angle 82 approximately 60 degrees to give the upper contour of the shield for passage through point 75, the critical flex bend point of the shield 72. A mould is made using the curvature of the inside of the tire as the bottom of the mould and the limit of the flap the distance to the flex point 86 of an unflexed tire. The dimensions of the flap and thus angle 82 are determined by the desired thic~.ness of the hinge on the critical flex line 97, that is the distance allowable for hinge 88-75. With the above data for each type of tire, shields can be made for such tires from a mould designed especially for each type.
Steel belt 80 can also be a web material coated with rubber.
It is understood that angle 82 will vary according to the style and type of tire used; i.e. radial, industrial, construction or highway but the design principle remains the same.
Another disadvantage of solid or foam rubber fi,lled tires is that they add weight to the vehicle and reduce the flexibility of the tire.
The use of boots in tires or of a casing within a casing as was done in the war to protect army vehicle tires could be used to stop small objects from piercing the tube, but the heat generated by the friction of the inner casing would cause the tire to fail at high speeds and would not protect the tube from larger objects.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a puncture shield for a tubeless or tube-type tire which is designed to permit the tire to be run at highway speeds under load without failing from heat caused by frictional action of the casing against the shield during flexing motion of the tire on the road surface.
It isa,further ob;ect of the present invention to replace solid filled tires with combinations of rubber-foam and urethane core8, urethane and tubes and foam rubber combinations using foam shield and hard cores for low speed vehicles driven on rough terrain where salvage of the cores, shields and urethane is desirable.
It i6 another object to provide a method of designing a reuseable puncture ~hield for various dimensions of tire casings.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention comprises determining the flex characteristics for the particular tire casing to be protected and then moulding a shield from high density foam rubber to interfit the tire casing in a shape which will prevent puncture of a tube while being itself sufficiently flexible within the casing to overcome temperature breakdown to the foam rubber and bulging and pinching of the tube by the shield when the casing flexes and distorts while rolling on a road surface at high speeds. The contour of the shield facing the inner tube is rounded upwardly at its edges to thinly contact the casing walls at the point of maximum flex of the casing in a flap-like configuration with the 1~69~8 mid-section smoothly bulged upwaxds to provide a depth of rubber shield at least three inches above the casing wall. The shield is moulded into a ring shape from natural rubber a small amount of synthetic rubber and a foaming agent such as nitrogen in a mould.
The shield is designed with a relatively thin section at the critical flex point for the particular tire casing to create a hinge-like portion to the point of connection of the flap with the mid section to prevent overheatiny and bunching of the shield at the critical flex point. Where the tire is to be used only for slow moving vehicles on -rough terrain a one piece ring of hard rubber or other plastic such as urethane is fitted against the shield under pressure to provide a reuseable pair of cores resistant to puncture and yet providing a comfortable ride to the operator and protecting the vehicle from undue shock from the terrain.
Where the hard rubber or urethane is to be situate next the casing additional variations in the methods of installation are employed as follows; a casing is used as a mould; a preformed shield of simple ring like foam rubber is held under pressure next to the rim of a wheel holding the casing ancl the plastic fill is injected between them to harden under pressure in the casing. The shield can be salvaged for reuse after wear of the casing.
The preferred embodiment of the invention its method of manufacture and design, and variations of its uses and methods of installation is shown in the attached drawings where like reference numerals refer to like parts.
~ In The Drawing 11~6988 - The embodiment of the preferred structure for a vehicle tire is depicted in the accompanying drawing of a large truck or-other vehicle tire showing in cross sectional vi~w, a tire casing when in the unflexed unloaded condition showing the shield of the present invention situate against the casing wall and showing the shape of the tube protecting flap and the necked portion of the shield at a critical flex point of the tire.
Discussion of the preferred embodiment of the invention:
The shield 72 of the preferred form of the invention is shown in the drawing in use combined with a heavy duty tube 74 in a truck tire casing 70 for a truck which will be moving at highway speed and carrying a load and which would also encounter rough terrain. Where the truck or tractor would only be driven at low speeds but on rough terrain the embodiments of Figures 1,2, 3, and 4 would be adequate to protect the tire from punctures.
The shield 72 is formed in a mould from natural rubber,small amounts of synthetic rubber with nitrogen as the blowing agent to result in a high density foamed rubber product. 70% natural rubber, should be used. Each make of tire casing will have a shield designed according to the flex characteristics of its walls.
The shield 72 for casing 70 shown is designed to insure that the part of the casing experiencing the most side flex is above the top of the shield at the critical flex point 75. The area from dotted line 97 to the outside of the casing encounters the greatest flex and is the flex zone. It is in this area that the shield is worked the most and where the tube bellies the most when the tire rolls.
Therefore, not only must the shield be most heat resistant in that zone, as shown by angle of foam 82, but it must present an even contour to the tube pressing against it from above. Any sharp corners in the upper side of the shield, especially in the line 86-75 will provide a discontinuity for the tube to belly into and eventually loose its elasticity at the point.
In resume;- When the side walls of the casing flex outward the tube follows simultaneously to fill the cavity formed but the shield being less elastic lags in time , creating a void between it and the casing wall. Unless the shield is smoothly contoured with the tube the bunching of the slow moving shield would pinch the tube. It is the overstretching of the segment of the tube where it ~ ¢988 ` ~ ~
meets ~Qe casing that causes failure unless the shield is designed as herein.
When the tire 70 rolls on the road the tread 73- moves upward and the tire casing flexes from a point 88 toward the rim. The tread area 73 flattens out and pushes the casing upward and outward as indicated by line 95 with point 86 coming into position 90. The reaction downward of the rim causes point 86 to move out thus becoming the maximum flex point. As will be seen in the drawing the actual distance of points along line 95 vary dramatically from their unflexed point. Point 88 moves only upward but 86 moves to 90. If the shield were designed to fill an unflexed casing across a line 86-86 with a tube above it pressurized to the recom-mended 90 psi fGr a truck tire under load the ring of foam rubber would make a dense mass in the casing. The tube pressure being equal across the shield surface 772 when the tire rolls the wall 70 flexes out and the pressure of the tube forces the tube wall 74 to move simultaneously with the tire. The dense mass of the slower moving shield at point 86 will pinch the bulge in the tube at the point 86 causing it to fail after continued overstretch:ing and pinching at that point.
The part of the shield 72 above tread 73 moves only upwards but the portion of shield 88-75 goes outwardly creating a hinge-like zone at 75-88 where stress and heat generation will occur in the shield. The greater the thickness of shield at point 75 the greater the heat generated by high speed driving and the reault is breakdown of the shield. It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide a shield for use in truck tires where both tube and shield are protected from fatigue which object is achieved by making the foam rubber shield into a one piece continuous ring co~cavely shaped to interfit the inside of a tire casing, on the outside, and generallyCnvexly curved on the inside to accomadate a tube under pressure.
In order to give the maximum, at least three inches, of puncture pro~ection for the tire in the tread region, the inside convex side of the shield can be bulged upwardly in a continuously smooth contour thereby creating a pair of flap like wings tapering into the outside ring of the shield. Line 771 and line 78 will when combined to create the upper convex and inner side of the shield, provide the ultimate design for a puncture resistant member capable of withstanding heat and also protecting the tube from bellying and pinching as it will be seen the shield is relatively thin in the line of flex hinge zone 75. The line 773 would be an .equate depth of shield where the tread lugs were of unusual depth.
In short the hinge depth is of critical design dependlng upon the use of the tire and the speed with which it will roll. As additional protection a removeable steel belt 80 can be fitted between the shield 72 and casing 70. The steel does not require embedding in the casing to hold it in place and to protect the tube from it because the pressure of the shield will hold it in place. When the casing is worn in the present invention the steel belt can be saved with the shield of foam and the tube. In designing a shield for a particular tire the flex zone line 97 is arrived at as follows; a line parallel with the road is drawn through the point of inter -section of the tread outside edge 66 and the outside wall of casing 70, which parallel line will intersect the inside of the casing 70 at point 88 which is the point where the wall begins to flex outwards. In the draw-ings a dotted line is shown passing through point 86, the maximum flex point on the casing, which line is substantially tangential to the tire at 86. The tire casing shown is a nylon biased 1000 x 20 truck tire and the flap dimensions for the shield is found by making angle 82 approximately 60 degrees to give the upper contour of the shield for passage through point 75, the critical flex bend point of the shield 72. A mould is made using the curvature of the inside of the tire as the bottom of the mould and the limit of the flap the distance to the flex point 86 of an unflexed tire. The dimensions of the flap and thus angle 82 are determined by the desired thic~.ness of the hinge on the critical flex line 97, that is the distance allowable for hinge 88-75. With the above data for each type of tire, shields can be made for such tires from a mould designed especially for each type.
Steel belt 80 can also be a web material coated with rubber.
It is understood that angle 82 will vary according to the style and type of tire used; i.e. radial, industrial, construction or highway but the design principle remains the same.
Claims (3)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A resuable puncture shield for use in a flexible tire casing having an outer tread portion and an inner concave surface thereto, and wherein the pair of side walls of said tire casing each have a minimum and a maximum flex point thereto, and wherein said shield is, when in use in said tire casing, held in contact with the inner surface of said casing by a pneumatic tube under pressure disposed within the casing in the annular space between the shield and the inner rims of the tire casing;
said shield comprising and being formed of a compressible ring of high density foam rubber crescent shaped in cross section and having an outer peripheral surface formed to mate with the concave inner surface of said tire casing, and an inner peripheral surface formed to mate with the surface of said tube under pressure, the outer peripheral surface of said shield ring co-operating and converging with the inner surface of the tire casing to define a tapered flap along each side wall of said tire casing, each flap terminating below the maximum flex point of said tire casing walls,
said shield comprising and being formed of a compressible ring of high density foam rubber crescent shaped in cross section and having an outer peripheral surface formed to mate with the concave inner surface of said tire casing, and an inner peripheral surface formed to mate with the surface of said tube under pressure, the outer peripheral surface of said shield ring co-operating and converging with the inner surface of the tire casing to define a tapered flap along each side wall of said tire casing, each flap terminating below the maximum flex point of said tire casing walls,
2. A reuseable puncture shield as in claim 1 wherein the ring of rubber includes a central bulged portion above the tire treads having a thick-ness of at least three inches.
3. A reuseable puncture shield as in claims 1 or 2 having a total volume less than forty percent of the volume of the interior of the tire.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000303564A CA1116988A (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1978-05-17 | Reuseable puncture shield for tire casings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000303564A CA1116988A (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1978-05-17 | Reuseable puncture shield for tire casings |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1116988A true CA1116988A (en) | 1982-01-26 |
Family
ID=4111492
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000303564A Expired CA1116988A (en) | 1978-05-17 | 1978-05-17 | Reuseable puncture shield for tire casings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1116988A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10696095B2 (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2020-06-30 | James E. Curry | Foam tire flap for low pressure applications |
-
1978
- 1978-05-17 CA CA000303564A patent/CA1116988A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10696095B2 (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2020-06-30 | James E. Curry | Foam tire flap for low pressure applications |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |