CA1116422A - Earth retaining wall of vertically stacked chevron shaped concrete blocks - Google Patents
Earth retaining wall of vertically stacked chevron shaped concrete blocksInfo
- Publication number
- CA1116422A CA1116422A CA000313237A CA313237A CA1116422A CA 1116422 A CA1116422 A CA 1116422A CA 000313237 A CA000313237 A CA 000313237A CA 313237 A CA313237 A CA 313237A CA 1116422 A CA1116422 A CA 1116422A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- blocks
- retaining wall
- block
- moulded
- earth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
H RETAINING WALL OF VERTICALLY
STACKED CHEVRON SHAPED CONCRETE BLOCKS
Abstract of the Disclosure An earth retaining wall formed by stacked, alternately staggered rows of spaced, nesting, chevron-shaped concrete blocks. Adjacent blocks in some rows are coupled together by connecting tubes extending into holes through the blocks, and elongated anchoring devices are connected to the tubes and extend horizontally into the earth. Alternatively, the anchoring devices may be concrete extensions integrally]
moulded with the blocks.
STACKED CHEVRON SHAPED CONCRETE BLOCKS
Abstract of the Disclosure An earth retaining wall formed by stacked, alternately staggered rows of spaced, nesting, chevron-shaped concrete blocks. Adjacent blocks in some rows are coupled together by connecting tubes extending into holes through the blocks, and elongated anchoring devices are connected to the tubes and extend horizontally into the earth. Alternatively, the anchoring devices may be concrete extensions integrally]
moulded with the blocks.
Description
~ round of tl~e Illvention 'rhe inventioll relates to a retaining wall for ~efi~ling earth banks, earth walls and other eartll slopes, consisting of individual moulded ~locks of concrete or the like arranged in rows or courses one above tlle other~ -The retaining walls concerned here consist of mouldedconcrete blocks wl-ich are to lie one upon the other predominantly without mortar connection, that is loosely. I'he purpose of the invention is to form moulded bloclcs suitable for this purpose ,.
so that on t}le one halld they arc easy to produce, namely with substantially conventional conc,rete block machines and concrete mould.s of ordinary basic assembly, and on the other hand render possible easy laying Eor the formation of retaining walls, namely up to a certain height without anchorage of the individual moulded hlocks.
.~
,4~2 Summary of the Invention _ To solve this problem a retaining wall according to the invention for the containment of sloping banks consists of individually moulded generally chevron-shaped blocks of con-crete or the like arranged in courses one above the other, wherein the upper sides of the moulded blocks are formed with convex dihedral protrusions, and the undersides of the blocks are formed with complementary concave dihedral recesses to provide bearing surfaces receiving bearing surfaces formed by the protrusions of blocks in a course beneath, the underside of each block being narrower than the upper side of each block.
Such moulded blocks can be produced in a manner known in principle very simply, namely with an upright posi-tion within a concrete mould. Moreover, due to the configura-tion of the moulded blocks an especially favourable mutual shape-engaging anchorage results. Because the lower side is narrower than the upper side, it is possible, both on the free outer side and on the side facing the earth, to provide step-like shoulders which result in a favourable external appea-rance and good anchorage with the earth.
In order that even very high retaining walls may beformed along the lines of the invention, using the moulded blocks as explained, a further proposal of the invention con-sists in that at least some of the moulded blocks further include an anchoring leg integrally formed with the remainder of the block, said leg extending into and being embedded in the bank, and having a thickening portion at its distal end.
f~
This latter embodiment of the anchorage has the advantage of low depth of anchorage.
In the case of retaining walls arranged on both sides of earth walls, banks etc., these walls are connected with one another at appropriate construction heights by transverse connection ties. These can be attached to the moulded blocks, and tightened for example by a turnbuckle.
Brief Description of the Drawings In the drawings:
Figure 1 shows a retaining wall of individual moul-ded blocks with earth ties, in diagrammatic lateral elevation, Figure 2 shows a front view of the retaining wall according to Figure 1, Figure 3 shows a horizontal section through two adjacent moulded blocks with a part of an earth tiel on an enlarged scale, Figure 4 shows a detail of a retaining wall in plan view, with another form of embodiment of the anchorage, Figure 5 shows a detail of the embodiment according to Figure4 in latexal elevation, Figure 6 shows the anchorage of the retaining wall according to Figures 4 and 5 as an exploded diagram, Figure 7 shows a detail of Figure 6 in modified embodiment, in perspective representation, Figure 8 shows a retaining wall of individual moulded blocks with built-in integral achoring moulded blocks, in lateral elevation, and Figure 9 shows a concrete mould for the production of moulded blocks, in plan view.
so that on t}le one halld they arc easy to produce, namely with substantially conventional conc,rete block machines and concrete mould.s of ordinary basic assembly, and on the other hand render possible easy laying Eor the formation of retaining walls, namely up to a certain height without anchorage of the individual moulded hlocks.
.~
,4~2 Summary of the Invention _ To solve this problem a retaining wall according to the invention for the containment of sloping banks consists of individually moulded generally chevron-shaped blocks of con-crete or the like arranged in courses one above the other, wherein the upper sides of the moulded blocks are formed with convex dihedral protrusions, and the undersides of the blocks are formed with complementary concave dihedral recesses to provide bearing surfaces receiving bearing surfaces formed by the protrusions of blocks in a course beneath, the underside of each block being narrower than the upper side of each block.
Such moulded blocks can be produced in a manner known in principle very simply, namely with an upright posi-tion within a concrete mould. Moreover, due to the configura-tion of the moulded blocks an especially favourable mutual shape-engaging anchorage results. Because the lower side is narrower than the upper side, it is possible, both on the free outer side and on the side facing the earth, to provide step-like shoulders which result in a favourable external appea-rance and good anchorage with the earth.
In order that even very high retaining walls may beformed along the lines of the invention, using the moulded blocks as explained, a further proposal of the invention con-sists in that at least some of the moulded blocks further include an anchoring leg integrally formed with the remainder of the block, said leg extending into and being embedded in the bank, and having a thickening portion at its distal end.
f~
This latter embodiment of the anchorage has the advantage of low depth of anchorage.
In the case of retaining walls arranged on both sides of earth walls, banks etc., these walls are connected with one another at appropriate construction heights by transverse connection ties. These can be attached to the moulded blocks, and tightened for example by a turnbuckle.
Brief Description of the Drawings In the drawings:
Figure 1 shows a retaining wall of individual moul-ded blocks with earth ties, in diagrammatic lateral elevation, Figure 2 shows a front view of the retaining wall according to Figure 1, Figure 3 shows a horizontal section through two adjacent moulded blocks with a part of an earth tiel on an enlarged scale, Figure 4 shows a detail of a retaining wall in plan view, with another form of embodiment of the anchorage, Figure 5 shows a detail of the embodiment according to Figure4 in latexal elevation, Figure 6 shows the anchorage of the retaining wall according to Figures 4 and 5 as an exploded diagram, Figure 7 shows a detail of Figure 6 in modified embodiment, in perspective representation, Figure 8 shows a retaining wall of individual moulded blocks with built-in integral achoring moulded blocks, in lateral elevation, and Figure 9 shows a concrete mould for the production of moulded blocks, in plan view.
2~
Detailed Description of the referred Embodiments In the drawings, the retaining wall lO as illustrated in Figures l and 2 consists of individual generally chevron-shaped moulded blocks ll arranged one above the other, which engage with one another in interlocking manner due to their roof-shaped angular formation. Due to the roof-shaped cross-section of the moulded blocks 11, dihedral bearing surfaces 38, 39 at an angle to one another are produced on the upper side and the underside has dihedral bearing surfaces 40, 41 correspondingly arranged at an angle. The upper bearing sur-face 39 facing away from the soil is again angled and thus forms a protruding shoulder 13. A similarly step-shaped shoulder 12 is formed on the inner side, that is facing the earth 18. The sides facing the earth and the sides facing outwards are mutually convergent. At the foot of the retai-ning wall ]0 a special base block 14 is arranged which rests on a foundation 15 of cast-in-place concrete. ~lternatively, the base block can also be formed as an ordinary moulded block 11 and to form the inclination of the retaining wall it can be pressed into the still unset soft concrete of the foundation 15.
The moulded blocks 11 are laid in individual hori-zontal courses as shown in Figure 2 with spacing from one another and in a staggered arrangement. The interspaces 16 thus formed can receive decorative plants.
The retaining wall 10 is provided with transverse ties, especially earth ties, of various formations. In Figures 1 and 2 an earth tie 17 is connected with the retai-ning wall 10 and the moulded blocks 11 of a course 19 or 20.
~djacent moulded blocks 11 of such a course are attached to one another by connection pieces extending in the direction of the course. These connection pieces are formed as connec-tion tubes 21. Accordingly, they consist of a preferably galvanized, seamless .........................................
tube piece. A connection tube 21 passes with its ends 22, 23 into holes 24 in moulded blocks 11 extending continuously through the blocks in the direction of the courses, that is from side face to side face. The ends 22, 23 of the tube 21 pass with an adequate anchoring depth into these holes 24.
If necessary fixed stops 25 can be arranged on the tube to determine the depth of entry.
Between the adjacent moulded blocks 11 an earth tie 17 is mounted on the connection tube 21. In Figures 1 to 3 the earth tie 17 is seated with a mounting end 26 directly on the connection tube 21. Here the earth tie 17 i 5 formed as a flat bar and the mounting end 26 is twisted 90 in comparison with a horizontally disposed anchorage section into an upright position.
In Figures 4 to 7 the moulded blocks 11 are like-wise attached together by connection tubes 21. Here, how-ever, the earth ties 17 are attached indirectly to this connection tube through an intermediate structure 28. This consists of a number of bars or tube ends which are fitted into one another. In detail, a carrier tube 29 is allocated to each earth tie 17 which is connected with this tube 29.
Adjacent carrier tubes 29 are connected with one another by an intermediate tube 30 fitted into the mutually facing ends of the carrier tube 29. A short distance remains between these ends of the carrier tubes 29. Here a connec-tion strap 31, in the form of a flat bar, is mounted on the intermediate tube 30. The strap 31 is seated on the connec-tion tube 21 with its remote end after the manner of the earth tie 17 according to Figures 1 to 3. The intermediate structure 28 lying predominantly outside the region of the retaining wall, namely in the earth 18, can also be of a different configuration.
In Figures 4 to 7 the earth ties 17 consis-t of an elongated prefabricated concrete pa~t 32 embedded in the soil, which is connected with the tube 21 or the intermedi-ate structure 28 by means of a flexible anchor piece 33, for example a round galvanized section. The anchor piece 33 adjoins the transversel~ directed carrier tube 29, and as shown in Figures 4 to 6 the end of the anchor piece 33 is conducted through a radial bore 34 and made fast on the opposite side by an anchoring pin 35. This connection here takes place approximately centrally in relation to the associated moulded block 11.
According to the embodiment in Figure 7 provision is made for tightening the laid earth tie. This is possible by a turnbuckle arranged in the region of the earth tie 17 or, as shown by Figure 7, by a tightening nut 36 which is seated on the end of the anchor piece 33 which is conducted through the bore 34 and provided with a threading 37. The anchor piece is drawn through the bore 34, tightening the earth tie 17 by tightening the nut 36.
In Figure 8 a retaining wall 10 is shown in which, in place of the above-described earth tie 17, special moul-ded anchoring blocks 42 are used. These one-piece mouldings of concrete are provided with a head piece 43 which corres-ponds to the configuration and contours of a moulded block 11. On the side of the earth 18 an anchoring end 44 in the form of a concrete beam adjoins and is provided at its free end with a thickening 45 which effects an additional ancho-rage in the earth 18. The anchoring blocks 42 can be pro-duced very simply in an appropriate concrete mould. Laying is likewise simple because no special coupling elements are required~ The connection of the blocks 42 to the retaining wall 10 results from their installation in ~he wall.
The course accommodating the moulded anchoring blo~ks 42 are expediently ~ormed without interspaces 16, in which place the narrower moulded anchoring blocks 42 lie with their head piece 43 without interval between the adjacent moulded blocks 11. Head pieces 43 and the adja-cent moulded blocks 11 are expediently connected with one another by a layer of mortar or adhesive.
The blocks 11 may be mass produced in a conven-tional concrete block machine (not shown). Figure 9 shows a concrete mould suitable for this purpose, in plan view.
In this mould individual mould pockets 46 are formed each for the reception of a moulded block 11. The mould pockets 46 are separated from one another in the usual way by webs 47. The configuration of the moulded blocks 11 along the lines of the invention renders possible a mutually inserted arrangement of the mould pockets 46 within an outer frame 48 in such a way that considerable numbers can be manufac-tured in each workin~ cycle with relatively sma],l concrete moulds. Since the smooth-faced moulded blocks 11 are arranged with the end surfaces, which face one another in the laid condition, directed upwards and downwards, removal from the moulds is also possible in the conventional manner.
In the example illustrated, transverse bearers 49 are arranged on the webs 47 of the concrete mould, and round core pieces 50 are secured on these bearers. These extend into the mould pockets 46 and serve to shape the holes 24 in the moulded blocks 11.
Detailed Description of the referred Embodiments In the drawings, the retaining wall lO as illustrated in Figures l and 2 consists of individual generally chevron-shaped moulded blocks ll arranged one above the other, which engage with one another in interlocking manner due to their roof-shaped angular formation. Due to the roof-shaped cross-section of the moulded blocks 11, dihedral bearing surfaces 38, 39 at an angle to one another are produced on the upper side and the underside has dihedral bearing surfaces 40, 41 correspondingly arranged at an angle. The upper bearing sur-face 39 facing away from the soil is again angled and thus forms a protruding shoulder 13. A similarly step-shaped shoulder 12 is formed on the inner side, that is facing the earth 18. The sides facing the earth and the sides facing outwards are mutually convergent. At the foot of the retai-ning wall ]0 a special base block 14 is arranged which rests on a foundation 15 of cast-in-place concrete. ~lternatively, the base block can also be formed as an ordinary moulded block 11 and to form the inclination of the retaining wall it can be pressed into the still unset soft concrete of the foundation 15.
The moulded blocks 11 are laid in individual hori-zontal courses as shown in Figure 2 with spacing from one another and in a staggered arrangement. The interspaces 16 thus formed can receive decorative plants.
The retaining wall 10 is provided with transverse ties, especially earth ties, of various formations. In Figures 1 and 2 an earth tie 17 is connected with the retai-ning wall 10 and the moulded blocks 11 of a course 19 or 20.
~djacent moulded blocks 11 of such a course are attached to one another by connection pieces extending in the direction of the course. These connection pieces are formed as connec-tion tubes 21. Accordingly, they consist of a preferably galvanized, seamless .........................................
tube piece. A connection tube 21 passes with its ends 22, 23 into holes 24 in moulded blocks 11 extending continuously through the blocks in the direction of the courses, that is from side face to side face. The ends 22, 23 of the tube 21 pass with an adequate anchoring depth into these holes 24.
If necessary fixed stops 25 can be arranged on the tube to determine the depth of entry.
Between the adjacent moulded blocks 11 an earth tie 17 is mounted on the connection tube 21. In Figures 1 to 3 the earth tie 17 is seated with a mounting end 26 directly on the connection tube 21. Here the earth tie 17 i 5 formed as a flat bar and the mounting end 26 is twisted 90 in comparison with a horizontally disposed anchorage section into an upright position.
In Figures 4 to 7 the moulded blocks 11 are like-wise attached together by connection tubes 21. Here, how-ever, the earth ties 17 are attached indirectly to this connection tube through an intermediate structure 28. This consists of a number of bars or tube ends which are fitted into one another. In detail, a carrier tube 29 is allocated to each earth tie 17 which is connected with this tube 29.
Adjacent carrier tubes 29 are connected with one another by an intermediate tube 30 fitted into the mutually facing ends of the carrier tube 29. A short distance remains between these ends of the carrier tubes 29. Here a connec-tion strap 31, in the form of a flat bar, is mounted on the intermediate tube 30. The strap 31 is seated on the connec-tion tube 21 with its remote end after the manner of the earth tie 17 according to Figures 1 to 3. The intermediate structure 28 lying predominantly outside the region of the retaining wall, namely in the earth 18, can also be of a different configuration.
In Figures 4 to 7 the earth ties 17 consis-t of an elongated prefabricated concrete pa~t 32 embedded in the soil, which is connected with the tube 21 or the intermedi-ate structure 28 by means of a flexible anchor piece 33, for example a round galvanized section. The anchor piece 33 adjoins the transversel~ directed carrier tube 29, and as shown in Figures 4 to 6 the end of the anchor piece 33 is conducted through a radial bore 34 and made fast on the opposite side by an anchoring pin 35. This connection here takes place approximately centrally in relation to the associated moulded block 11.
According to the embodiment in Figure 7 provision is made for tightening the laid earth tie. This is possible by a turnbuckle arranged in the region of the earth tie 17 or, as shown by Figure 7, by a tightening nut 36 which is seated on the end of the anchor piece 33 which is conducted through the bore 34 and provided with a threading 37. The anchor piece is drawn through the bore 34, tightening the earth tie 17 by tightening the nut 36.
In Figure 8 a retaining wall 10 is shown in which, in place of the above-described earth tie 17, special moul-ded anchoring blocks 42 are used. These one-piece mouldings of concrete are provided with a head piece 43 which corres-ponds to the configuration and contours of a moulded block 11. On the side of the earth 18 an anchoring end 44 in the form of a concrete beam adjoins and is provided at its free end with a thickening 45 which effects an additional ancho-rage in the earth 18. The anchoring blocks 42 can be pro-duced very simply in an appropriate concrete mould. Laying is likewise simple because no special coupling elements are required~ The connection of the blocks 42 to the retaining wall 10 results from their installation in ~he wall.
The course accommodating the moulded anchoring blo~ks 42 are expediently ~ormed without interspaces 16, in which place the narrower moulded anchoring blocks 42 lie with their head piece 43 without interval between the adjacent moulded blocks 11. Head pieces 43 and the adja-cent moulded blocks 11 are expediently connected with one another by a layer of mortar or adhesive.
The blocks 11 may be mass produced in a conven-tional concrete block machine (not shown). Figure 9 shows a concrete mould suitable for this purpose, in plan view.
In this mould individual mould pockets 46 are formed each for the reception of a moulded block 11. The mould pockets 46 are separated from one another in the usual way by webs 47. The configuration of the moulded blocks 11 along the lines of the invention renders possible a mutually inserted arrangement of the mould pockets 46 within an outer frame 48 in such a way that considerable numbers can be manufac-tured in each workin~ cycle with relatively sma],l concrete moulds. Since the smooth-faced moulded blocks 11 are arranged with the end surfaces, which face one another in the laid condition, directed upwards and downwards, removal from the moulds is also possible in the conventional manner.
In the example illustrated, transverse bearers 49 are arranged on the webs 47 of the concrete mould, and round core pieces 50 are secured on these bearers. These extend into the mould pockets 46 and serve to shape the holes 24 in the moulded blocks 11.
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A retaining wall for containment of sloping banks, consisting of individually moulded generally chevron-shaped blocks of concrete or the like arranged in courses one above the other, wherein the upper sides of the moulded blocks are formed with convex dihedral protrusions, and the undersides of the blocks are formed with complementary concave dihedral recesses to provide bearing surfaces re-ceiving bearing surfaces formed by the protrusions of blocks in a course beneath, the underside of each block being narrower than the upper side of each block.
2. A retaining wall according to Claim 1, wherein the bearing surface on the upper side of each block is ad-joined on the outer side by a further reflexly angled surface forming a step.
3. A retaining wall according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the inside and outside surfaces of each block are mutually downwardly convergent.
4. A retaining wall according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the blocks include a purality of anchoring blocks each further including an anchoring leg integrally formed with the remainder of the block, said leg extending into and being embedded in the bank, and having a thickening at its distal end.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000313237A CA1116422A (en) | 1978-10-12 | 1978-10-12 | Earth retaining wall of vertically stacked chevron shaped concrete blocks |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000313237A CA1116422A (en) | 1978-10-12 | 1978-10-12 | Earth retaining wall of vertically stacked chevron shaped concrete blocks |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1116422A true CA1116422A (en) | 1982-01-19 |
Family
ID=4112588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000313237A Expired CA1116422A (en) | 1978-10-12 | 1978-10-12 | Earth retaining wall of vertically stacked chevron shaped concrete blocks |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1116422A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-10-12 CA CA000313237A patent/CA1116422A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |