CA1116036A - Heat collector system - Google Patents
Heat collector systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1116036A CA1116036A CA367,029A CA367029A CA1116036A CA 1116036 A CA1116036 A CA 1116036A CA 367029 A CA367029 A CA 367029A CA 1116036 A CA1116036 A CA 1116036A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- fluid
- chamber
- collector
- upper chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
HEAT COLLECTOR SYSTEM
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The heat collector system comprises a heat collector connected to a heat pump. The heat collector has an inlet conduit and contains a heat transmitting fluid and is effec-tive to take radiation heat from the environment. The heat collector has a structural configuration effective to addition-ally absorb convection heat as a convector which causes a good heat transmission between the ambient air and the heat trans-mitting fluid. A rated and controlled cooling device is con-nected to the heat conduit of the heat collector. The cooling device is effective to supply fluid to the heat collector at a temperature below the temperature of the ambient air. Fur-ther features of the invention include a regulating device effective to regulate the difference in temperature between the temperature of the ambient air and the cooling temperature.
The collector may be composed of two superimposed chambers including an upper chamber made of transparent material and having a heat conductive surface and a lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The heat collector system comprises a heat collector connected to a heat pump. The heat collector has an inlet conduit and contains a heat transmitting fluid and is effec-tive to take radiation heat from the environment. The heat collector has a structural configuration effective to addition-ally absorb convection heat as a convector which causes a good heat transmission between the ambient air and the heat trans-mitting fluid. A rated and controlled cooling device is con-nected to the heat conduit of the heat collector. The cooling device is effective to supply fluid to the heat collector at a temperature below the temperature of the ambient air. Fur-ther features of the invention include a regulating device effective to regulate the difference in temperature between the temperature of the ambient air and the cooling temperature.
The collector may be composed of two superimposed chambers including an upper chamber made of transparent material and having a heat conductive surface and a lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation.
Description
I'ILLD 0~ 'lill, INV~Nl'l N
I'he invention relates to a heat collector system comprising a heat collector containiny a heat transmitting fluid and belng e~fective to ta~e heat of radiation ~rom the environment. The outlet of the'heat collector is connected to a heat pump.
BACKGROUND OF T~IE INVENTION
It is known to use sun or solar collectors in com-bination with heat pumps to convert radiation energy of the sun into useful heat. (See Journal "Elektrizitatsverwertung"
No. 3/1975j The heat collector may consisk of tubes laid on, a roof sur~ace having heat transmitting-fluid circulating therein. The fluid may'consist of water or salt water. When it leaves the collector, fluid is suPPlied to the heat pwnp 15 - which withdraws heat therefrom., Known collector plants for operations take up radiation eneryy. At the same time, heat is again discharged by convection to the environment because the temperature of the collector,plants is higher than the ambient temperature.
SUI~ RY OF Tll~: INVENTION
The primary object o~ the invention is to provide - a heat collector system or plant which does not only absorb radiant energy but also takes up eneryy by heat exchange action. The heat collector has a structural configuration - 25 t~ effective to receive convection heat as a convéctor which ,~ ` causes a (300d heat transmlssion between the ambient air and the heat.tran~mitting fluid inside the collector. ~ coolinc3 ~ device is disposed in thc inle~ c.ircuit to the collector.
The coollng device is so rated and controlled that the fluid to b~ supplied to the heat collector is cooled below tempera-ture of the ambi.ent air.
The crux of the invention is directed to the con-cept of ensuring.that the lower temPerature level assumed by the fluid when passing the collector is sufficiently low so that there is a difference .in temperature between amb.ient air and fluid. When the outside or ambient temperature is lower, the cooling of the heat transmitting fluid;is conveniently less strong and accomplished by increasing the flow rate of the fluid throuyh the collector. This concept resu?ts from thé
relationship ~ T vo~ne flow - energy where ~T is the difference in temperature between the fluid ~ - inlet and the fluid outle~ of the collector. Neither the fluid : nor the collector emits heat to the environment, but the system has a structural configuration effective to additionally take --20 up the heat from the environment. Surprisingly, the energy . additionally supplied far exceeds the additional energy re-quired at the heat pump to overcome the gréater di~ference in temperature. To absorb-as much heat as possible, the tempera-ture of the fluid introduced into the collector is intentionally kept low or the flow rate of the fluid.in the collector is increased.
The cooling device or mechanism may consist of a -heat exchanger of the heat pump. The heat pump increases the temperature of the heat medium and withdraws heat from the fluid. In accordance with the invention, the cooling of the fluid connected therewith ls so s-trong that the fluid is cooled below the ambien-t temperature; that is below temperature of the outside air. While the fluid subsequently flows again through the heat collector, it ls heated by the combination of heat radiation and convection through the heat conduit by the sun energy and the ambient air. Since the amount of low temperature heat recovered depends on the difference in tempera-ture between the outside air and the in-troduced fluid, the cooler the fluid -the greater the amoun-t of heat recovered. When the tempera-ture of the collector is lower than that of the ambient air, condensor watér may be formed on the surface of the collec-tor.
Thus, the temperature of the fluid is increased additionally by the condensation heat. Condensor water drops shall be immediately evacuated as they develop so that they may not evaporate by heat removal at the collector surface. Evacuation is effected by coating the outer surface of the heat collector with a material which increases surface tension of the water drops causing the water drops to easily roll away.
A control device is used -to regulate the difference in temperature be-tween the ambient air and the cooling temperature of the fluid thereby controlling the hea-t pump. This difference in temperature may be kept constant in dependency from the temperature of the ambient airO The temperature may also decrease as the rise of temperature of the ambient aix becomes higher -because with a warmer ambient air, less caloric power is generally required. If the fluid is preheated before it is introduced into the heat pump, the heat pump may be operated much more efficien-tly.
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The radiation ener~y may generally be sufficient to genera-te the required amount of heat when there i~ a s-trong sun radiation. However, the use of addi-tional heat convection is required when there are clouds or the light is diffuse.
In this lnstance, the heat collector rnay consls-t of two super-imposed chambers, one above the other. The lower chamber has a structural configuration effective to absorb radiation, while the upper chamber has a high heat conductive surface.
If direct sun radiation is insufficlent to provide the heat consumin~ device connected -to the collector, the fluid may also be caused to flow through the upper chamber. In this particular variation or embodiment, the two chamber convector becomes a heat exchanger for ambient air and sun radlation.
The heat radiatlon penetrates the upper chamber and ls absorbed ln the fluid of the lower chamber or at the walls of the lower chamber. On the other hand, the upper chamber has a high heat conductive surface which may also be corrugated or enlarged by another corresponding structural des~gn. The structure of the u~per chamber is designed to attract as much ambient air as possible at the surface with special ventila-tors and/or wind guide plates being provided at a spaced laterally displaced distance therefrom. In thls instance, the u~per collector chamber acts predomlnantly as a heat exchanger while the lower collector chamber acts predominantly as an absorber.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the two chambers of a two chamber collector may be separated by the lnsulating air layer and each connected to a separate fluid circuit. The upper chamber is transparent and constantly ~ .
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~filled with fluid thereby ensuriny the heat exchange with the environment by connectin~ its fluid flow to the evapora-tor of a heat pump. The lower chamber includes an absorptive layer for heat radiation and is integxated in a separate fluid flow circuit coupled either diretly to a heat consum-ing unit or indirec-tly through a heat exchanger. When suffi-cient energy is available or obtained from the radiation heat alone, the fluid flow in the upper chamber is not circulated.
Only the fluid flow in the lower chamber is effected. ~low-ever, if the amount of radiation heat energy is insuficientor does not have the capacity to meet a particular high demand of energy, the fluid flow of the upper chamber is actuated and conducted either directly to the evaporator of the heat pump or, optionally, only upon passiny the heat exchanger for the fluid flow of the lower chamber. Thus, the fluid flow of the upper chamber is reheated by the heat of -the lower ~ - energy which, when there is a suffic;ient amount of lleat energy available~ warmer.
There are several important features associated with the system o this invention. For example, the heat collector may be located on a roof where it can additionally take up the heat loss in the building. As is known, great quantities of heat are evacuated from buildings into the open air by virtue - of the ventilation and heating systems therein~ It is possible 25~ to connect the heat collector of the invention to an exhaust air tube or a chimney so that the outflowing gases pass along the surface of the heat collector to cause a heating of the fluid flowing t}-erein. Thus, it is possible to recover a great amount of the heat energy otherwise lost through the ' . ~' - 6 ~
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~~~xhaus-t systems of -the build:ing. The hea-t collector plant of the invention may be usecl in the summer for cooling. When assembled on the roof of a building a cooliny of the fluid in the collector is effected during the night. In other words, the collector delivers heat to the ambient air. Therefore, the cold-ness stored in the collector during the night may be supplied to the building in measured or dosed intervals during the day.
Alternatively, heat energy rnay be taken up during the daytirne and then released into the building during the night. The energy in the heat collector can be stored if the full amount of energy is not removed temporarily~
Another feature of the invention provides for the use of inclined mirrors mounted near the collector to reflect the inci~
dent sun radiation on the collector. This clearl~ increases the efficiency of the heat collector. Furthermore, the disposition of the mirrors may be such as to provide an additional wind guide sur-face between the mirror surfaces and the outside surface of the collector.
The present invention accordingly provides a heat collec-tor system comprising;
a) a heat collector having an inlet conduit means, an outlet conduit means, and containing a heat transmitting liquid, b) a heat pump havi,ng fixst and second heat exchangers in the form of an evaporator and a condensor and a cooling fluid circuit interconnecting said heat exchangers, c) said heat collector being effective to take radiation heat from the environment, d) the heat collector having a structural confiyuration effective to additionally absorb convection heat as a convector which causes a good heat transmission between the ambient air and said heat transmitting fluid, ~r V
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`. ' e) first fluid flow rn~ans for connecting the first heat e~changer between said inlet and outlet conduits, f) a heat consuming mechar~ism, g) second fluid flow mean5 for connecting the condensor with the heat consuming mechan;.sm, h) third fluid flow rneans for connecting the heat con-suming mechanism bet~een said inlet and outlet conduits while by-passing the first and second heat exchangers, i) the evaporator being capable of supplying liquid to the heat collector at a temperature below the temperature of the ambient air, j) the collector includes two superimposed chambers including an upper chamber made of transparent material and having a heat conductive surface and a lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation, and k) valve means being effective to selectively direct the fluid flow only through the lower chamber or first through the upper and then through the lower chamber The present invention also provides a heat collector system comprising:
a) a heat collector including an upper chamber and a . lower chamber through which chambers a heat transmitting fluid is flowable, b) a heat pump including an evaporator and a condensor, c) a heat exchanger having primaxy and secondàry lines, .. . . .
d) the two chambers being separated by a transparent insulation layer, the upper chamber being made of transparent material and havin~ a heat conductive surface to cause the upper chamber to be heated by ambient air, and the lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation.
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e) said upper heat chamber having an outlet connected to the evaporator of said heat pump, E) said lower chamber being series-connec-ted to the primary line of said heat exchanger, and g) valve means for selectively connecting the secondary line of the heat exchanger between the upper heat chamber and the evaporator.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Other objects of this lnvention wlll appear in the followlng description and appended clalms, reference belncJ
made to the accompanying drawings Eormlng a part oE the speci-fication wherein like reference characters designate corres-ponding parts in the several views.
FIGURE 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodi-ment of the heat collector system made in accordance with this invention, FI~URES 2a and 2b are diagrammatic views partly in . , , ~
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cross sec~ion showing two embodi.ments Oe a cover for the heat collector used in the system macle in accordance with this invention, ~ Q
~IGURE 3 is a scllemat~ic circuit. diagram showing the connection oE a two chamber,collector of the inuention having a first type of operation, FIGURE 4 is.a schematic circuit diagram showing the connection of a two chamber collector wi-th a further type o~ operation, and ~
~IGURE 5 is a schernatic circuit diagram of a two chamber collector of this invention in which the two cham-bers are separated by a radiation permeable insulating layer.
DESCRIPTION OF-SPECI~IC ~l~lBODIMENTS
In Figure l, heat collector, generally designated l0, comprises a flat container filled with a fluid such as water or sa~t water. Collector l0 may also take the form of tubes or hoses which are placed in a plane exposed to sun ;~
radiation. The outlet conduit ll connects the heat collector l0 to the heat pump 12. The heated fluid leaves the collector l0 and is cooled in the heat pump 12. The cooled fluid is then recircula~ed to the heat collector l0 via inlet conduit 13 at a temperature which is below that of the ambient air of the heat collector l0. Inlet conduit 13 is connected to heat col-lector l0 at an end opposite to the connection of outlet conduit ll. Consequently, the fluid has to flow through the entire heat collector l0 throughout its cycle. Circulating pump 14 connected to line ll is used to drive the fluid through the system.
~1eat pu1np 12 has two heat exchangers 15 and 16 .
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interconneCted by a closed cooling fluid circu,it 17. Gaseous cooling fluid leaves khe cooling spiral of heat exchanger 15 and is compressed in condensor 161 and correspondingly heats up.' The heated ga.seous fluid is tllen directed into the S heating spiral of the heat exch',anger 16 located in the secon dary circuit 18 which includes the heat consuming device 19.
The gaseous cooling fluid then leaves the heating spiral of exchanger 16 and moves throuyh the relaxation nozzle ~0 where i.t relaxes, expands and cools down. Thus, heat e~changer lS is cooled by the gaseous cooling fluid and the heat exchanger is heated by said fluid. Thus, the extent of cooling and heating substantially depends upon the condensing ratio of condensor or heat exchanger 16. The condensing rat.io is so selected that the cooling of the fluid is effected up to a temperature which is be~ow the ambient temperature of heat collector 10.
A tempexature s,e,nsor 21 is located in the outlet of the heat collector 10 and a temperature feeler 22 is located in the inlet conduit 13. The temperature values measured at these sensors 21 and.22 may be used for controlling the inlet temperature of the fluid or ~or the control of the condensor or heat exchanger 16.
In the embodiment of Figure 1, heat collector 10 has only one sole fluid layer. Thus, heating of the fluid is caused by absorption of incident sun radiation and by convection at the surface of the collector 10. Thus, collec- -'tor 10 may be ~itted on a roof to absorb the heat loss of the roof at the same time that heating is obtained through i,ncident SUII radiation and corlvection. Color additives and _ 9 _ ~
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~, the lik~ may be added to the ~luid to increasé the absorptive capacity of radiation, The upper side of the heat collector 10 must be composed of material which conducts heat very well.
Cover structures are shown for collector 10 in Figures 2a and 2b. A radiation permeable plate 9 is disposed parallel to and laterally displaced a distance above collector 10. Flap wings 8 are hingedly connected at either end of plate 9 and swing about the hinge pivot point as shown by the double arrows. When flap wings 8 are folded down, collector 10 is heated only by sun radiation but not by ambient heat. When flap wings 8 are folded up, hot air may pass along between collector 10 and plate 9 so that the collec-tor is additionally heated by convection.
In Fig~re 2b, a retractable roller blind cover 7 is disposed at a location laterally displaced a distance above collector 10. Cover 7 may be retracted in a known manner, An air cushion 6 is formed between the collector 10 and roller blind cover 7, Again, this configuration enables collector 10 to be heated by convection.
In Figures 3 and 4, the heat collector, generally designated 30, comprises two chambers 31 and 32 which are flatly arranged, one above the other, and separated by a separator wall 33. The lower chamber 32 absorbs the radia-tion incident to or falling upon the upper chamber 31 and passing therethrough. The volume of the upper chamber 31 is substantially heated by heat conductivity through the cover ~ of the upper chamber.
- As is evident in the drawings, heat collector 30 has inlet conduit means, outlet conduit means and contains a heat transmitting liquid. A first fluid flow means or connecting ~ ..
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lines, as shown, connect the first exchanger 46 between the inle and outlet condult means. A second :Eluid flow means or connec-ting lines, as shown, connect the second heat exchanger 47 with the heat consuming device 35. A third fluid flow means or connecting lines, as shown, connect the heat consuming device 35 between the inlet and outlet conduit means while bypassing the first and second heat exchangers 46 and 47.
As shown, different valves designated V and V' are disposed in the supply and outlet lines or conduits of chambers 31 and 32 In the type of operation shown in Figure 3, valves designated V'are open and valves designated V are closed In the state or type of operation shown in Figure 4, valves designated V are open and valves designated V' are closed The valves V and V' constitute valve means for selectively directing liquid through the first, second and third fluid flow means as described herein.
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:, With a low load operation as shown in Figure 3, pump 34 delivers fluld through open valve V'l to the heat consuming device 35 where the fluid cools down. The cooled fluid then flows through the open shut-off valves 36 and V'2 into the lower chamber 32 of the heat collector 30. The wall of the upper chamber 31 is transparent. Chamber 31 does not contain fluid but is filled with air. Thus, the fluid moving through lower chamber 32 is heated hy absorption of the inci-dent radiation upon the upper chamber 31. The heated fluid leaves chamber 32 through conduit 37 to flow throuyh the open valve V'3 to`pump 34. Lower chamber 32 is lined with an ab-sorption la~er to increase radiation absorption through the upper chamber 31. In ~his type of an operation-as shown in Figure 3, only radiation heat is produced but no ambient heat is obtained from the air.
, Water in reservoir 38 may be pumped into either of the chambers 31 and 32 through the filling and discharge line 40 via the pump 39. The discharge of the chambers 31 and 32 may also take place through line 40. The vent valve 41 is 2Q opened while the chambers 31 and 32 are being either evacuated or filled. Reservoir 38 may also be used as a storage for surplus heat.
Cooling spiral 42 is a heat exchanger disposed in water reservoir 38 for cooling the fluid leaving the heat consuming dévice 35 below the ambient temperature of heat collector 30. Valve 43 ,, , :
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is opened and valve 36 is closed thereby causing the appro-priate flow througll the cooling spiral 42. Upon leaving cool-ing spiral 42, the cooled,fluid is lntroduced to the lower chamber 32 through valve V''2, In the operation of Figure 4, the fluid flows through both chambers 31 and 32 of the heat collector 30. Fluid passes througll open valve V~ nto the upper chamber'31 at a temperature below the ambient temperature. The fluid is heated predomi-nantly by convection in chamber 31. Thereafter, it leaves upper chamber 31 through conduit 44 which communicates with line 37 passing into the lower chamber 32. The flow direc-tion in the chambers are indicated by the arrows. Fluid then leaves the lower chamber 32 through conduit 45 and the open valve V2 and through the pump 34. The fluid then is pumped 15- through open valve V3'to'''the evaporator or heat exchanger 46 o~ the heat pump to cool down and subsequently recycled through valve Vl into the upper,chamber 31. Condensor or heat exchanger 47 of the heat pump lS directly connected to the ;~
heat consuming device 35. The heat pump in Figures 3 and 4 operates in precisely the same fashion as the heat pump 12 shown and described in Figure 1.
An alternate method of operation of the workiny example of Figure 4 provides for the fluid to pass through the two chambers 31 and 32 in the same directian. This is accom- -plished by simply providing the inlets and outlets of chambers 31 and 32 accordingly. Thus, valves Vl and V'2 could be used as inlet valves while valve V'3c,ould be an outlet valve for both chambers 31 and 32. Thus, tlle additional advantage would be that the end of chan~er 31 at which the fluid llas the hic3hest temperature is adjacent. to the end of chamber 32 at which the fluid of the chamber also has the highest temperature.
A third variation of the heat collector system of the instant invention is shown in Figure 5. Heat collector, generally designated 50, comprises a lower chamber 51 and a transparent upper chamber 52. Chamber 51 has an absorption layer for heat radiation.
A gas insulation layer 53 separates chambers 51 an~ 52 and they ;
contain air or an inert gas like Argon or Krypton.
With a sufficient of~er of energy from radia-ti.on heat, the fluid flow in upper chamber 52 is not circulated.' The fluid heated in lower chamber 51 by heat radiation is conducted through heat exchanger 54 via pump 55 and again into the lower chamber 51.
Secondary lines 56 of the heat exchanger 5~ are connected to a heat consuming device (.not shown). As is evident in the drawin3, lower chamber 51 is series-connected to the primary line of heat exchanger 54 If the demand of energy is higher than that being obtained by radiant energy through the operation of chamber 51, a second fluid circuit is put into operation involving the upper chamber 52.
20 Pump 57 drives the fluid -through upper chamber 52 through valve 58 to the evaporator 59 of the heat pump, generally designated 60. As shown, the fluid flows through the secondary system of ~vaporator -59. The fluid is then recycled back to chamber 52. The condensor 61 of the heat pump 60 is connected to the heat consuming device 62 With this switch variant, it is possible to deliver heat separately from the lower and the upper chambers to several consuming devices or to one consuming device only.
This is of particular advantage for fresh air heaters in which the heating of fresh air current is realized via a heating cascade. In such a case, the heat energy of lower ', ,: ;, " ,' : ', ;
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chamber 51 would be delivered to a heating register fitted in the fresh air current to preheat i-t. Final heating of the air current, if necessary, is pjerformed by a heatiny register connected subsequently and fed by low ternperature heat of the upper collector circuit processed by the heat pump 60.
By separating the 1uid currents of chambers 51 and 52, it is also possible to store heat from the lower chamber 51 in a heat accumulator. For exarnple, such storaqe or accumu-lation of heat could be used for the night time or for the 10 morniny heating phase iD a building. It also would be used to comply with the generally lower demand of daytime energy via the fluid current of the upper chamber-52.
Th~ system of Figure 5 is of particular importance and advantage from the viewpoint of eneryy economy. That is, ~5- the direct utilization of the heat contained in the fluid cur-rent of lower chamber 51 and the existing higher temperature level of upper chamber 52 at least during the sunshine phases of the day avoids the conversion of qualiLied heat into heat of poor quality by blending.
It is possible to influence two circuits by closing valve 58 and opening valve 63. Thus, under these circwnstances, fluid leaving upper chamber 52 does not directly get into evaporator 59 of heat pump 60 but passes through heat exchanger 54 first to flow via conduit 64 to evaporator 59. The fluid is first preheated in exchanger 54 before it is fed to heat pump 60, thereby operatiny heat pump 60 at a more favorable performance level. In this instance, fluid leaving heat pump 59 for recycliny to upper cha1nber 52 is still at a temperature be]ow the ambient -temperature of collector 50.
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Wh.ile the he~t collector system has been shown and described in detail,.it is,obvious that this invention is not to be considered as being lim.ite~ to the exact form dis-closed, and that changes in detail and construction may be made therein within the scope of the invention, without de-parting from the spirit thereof.
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I'he invention relates to a heat collector system comprising a heat collector containiny a heat transmitting fluid and belng e~fective to ta~e heat of radiation ~rom the environment. The outlet of the'heat collector is connected to a heat pump.
BACKGROUND OF T~IE INVENTION
It is known to use sun or solar collectors in com-bination with heat pumps to convert radiation energy of the sun into useful heat. (See Journal "Elektrizitatsverwertung"
No. 3/1975j The heat collector may consisk of tubes laid on, a roof sur~ace having heat transmitting-fluid circulating therein. The fluid may'consist of water or salt water. When it leaves the collector, fluid is suPPlied to the heat pwnp 15 - which withdraws heat therefrom., Known collector plants for operations take up radiation eneryy. At the same time, heat is again discharged by convection to the environment because the temperature of the collector,plants is higher than the ambient temperature.
SUI~ RY OF Tll~: INVENTION
The primary object o~ the invention is to provide - a heat collector system or plant which does not only absorb radiant energy but also takes up eneryy by heat exchange action. The heat collector has a structural configuration - 25 t~ effective to receive convection heat as a convéctor which ,~ ` causes a (300d heat transmlssion between the ambient air and the heat.tran~mitting fluid inside the collector. ~ coolinc3 ~ device is disposed in thc inle~ c.ircuit to the collector.
The coollng device is so rated and controlled that the fluid to b~ supplied to the heat collector is cooled below tempera-ture of the ambi.ent air.
The crux of the invention is directed to the con-cept of ensuring.that the lower temPerature level assumed by the fluid when passing the collector is sufficiently low so that there is a difference .in temperature between amb.ient air and fluid. When the outside or ambient temperature is lower, the cooling of the heat transmitting fluid;is conveniently less strong and accomplished by increasing the flow rate of the fluid throuyh the collector. This concept resu?ts from thé
relationship ~ T vo~ne flow - energy where ~T is the difference in temperature between the fluid ~ - inlet and the fluid outle~ of the collector. Neither the fluid : nor the collector emits heat to the environment, but the system has a structural configuration effective to additionally take --20 up the heat from the environment. Surprisingly, the energy . additionally supplied far exceeds the additional energy re-quired at the heat pump to overcome the gréater di~ference in temperature. To absorb-as much heat as possible, the tempera-ture of the fluid introduced into the collector is intentionally kept low or the flow rate of the fluid.in the collector is increased.
The cooling device or mechanism may consist of a -heat exchanger of the heat pump. The heat pump increases the temperature of the heat medium and withdraws heat from the fluid. In accordance with the invention, the cooling of the fluid connected therewith ls so s-trong that the fluid is cooled below the ambien-t temperature; that is below temperature of the outside air. While the fluid subsequently flows again through the heat collector, it ls heated by the combination of heat radiation and convection through the heat conduit by the sun energy and the ambient air. Since the amount of low temperature heat recovered depends on the difference in tempera-ture between the outside air and the in-troduced fluid, the cooler the fluid -the greater the amoun-t of heat recovered. When the tempera-ture of the collector is lower than that of the ambient air, condensor watér may be formed on the surface of the collec-tor.
Thus, the temperature of the fluid is increased additionally by the condensation heat. Condensor water drops shall be immediately evacuated as they develop so that they may not evaporate by heat removal at the collector surface. Evacuation is effected by coating the outer surface of the heat collector with a material which increases surface tension of the water drops causing the water drops to easily roll away.
A control device is used -to regulate the difference in temperature be-tween the ambient air and the cooling temperature of the fluid thereby controlling the hea-t pump. This difference in temperature may be kept constant in dependency from the temperature of the ambient airO The temperature may also decrease as the rise of temperature of the ambient aix becomes higher -because with a warmer ambient air, less caloric power is generally required. If the fluid is preheated before it is introduced into the heat pump, the heat pump may be operated much more efficien-tly.
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The radiation ener~y may generally be sufficient to genera-te the required amount of heat when there i~ a s-trong sun radiation. However, the use of addi-tional heat convection is required when there are clouds or the light is diffuse.
In this lnstance, the heat collector rnay consls-t of two super-imposed chambers, one above the other. The lower chamber has a structural configuration effective to absorb radiation, while the upper chamber has a high heat conductive surface.
If direct sun radiation is insufficlent to provide the heat consumin~ device connected -to the collector, the fluid may also be caused to flow through the upper chamber. In this particular variation or embodiment, the two chamber convector becomes a heat exchanger for ambient air and sun radlation.
The heat radiatlon penetrates the upper chamber and ls absorbed ln the fluid of the lower chamber or at the walls of the lower chamber. On the other hand, the upper chamber has a high heat conductive surface which may also be corrugated or enlarged by another corresponding structural des~gn. The structure of the u~per chamber is designed to attract as much ambient air as possible at the surface with special ventila-tors and/or wind guide plates being provided at a spaced laterally displaced distance therefrom. In thls instance, the u~per collector chamber acts predomlnantly as a heat exchanger while the lower collector chamber acts predominantly as an absorber.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the two chambers of a two chamber collector may be separated by the lnsulating air layer and each connected to a separate fluid circuit. The upper chamber is transparent and constantly ~ .
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~filled with fluid thereby ensuriny the heat exchange with the environment by connectin~ its fluid flow to the evapora-tor of a heat pump. The lower chamber includes an absorptive layer for heat radiation and is integxated in a separate fluid flow circuit coupled either diretly to a heat consum-ing unit or indirec-tly through a heat exchanger. When suffi-cient energy is available or obtained from the radiation heat alone, the fluid flow in the upper chamber is not circulated.
Only the fluid flow in the lower chamber is effected. ~low-ever, if the amount of radiation heat energy is insuficientor does not have the capacity to meet a particular high demand of energy, the fluid flow of the upper chamber is actuated and conducted either directly to the evaporator of the heat pump or, optionally, only upon passiny the heat exchanger for the fluid flow of the lower chamber. Thus, the fluid flow of the upper chamber is reheated by the heat of -the lower ~ - energy which, when there is a suffic;ient amount of lleat energy available~ warmer.
There are several important features associated with the system o this invention. For example, the heat collector may be located on a roof where it can additionally take up the heat loss in the building. As is known, great quantities of heat are evacuated from buildings into the open air by virtue - of the ventilation and heating systems therein~ It is possible 25~ to connect the heat collector of the invention to an exhaust air tube or a chimney so that the outflowing gases pass along the surface of the heat collector to cause a heating of the fluid flowing t}-erein. Thus, it is possible to recover a great amount of the heat energy otherwise lost through the ' . ~' - 6 ~
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~~~xhaus-t systems of -the build:ing. The hea-t collector plant of the invention may be usecl in the summer for cooling. When assembled on the roof of a building a cooliny of the fluid in the collector is effected during the night. In other words, the collector delivers heat to the ambient air. Therefore, the cold-ness stored in the collector during the night may be supplied to the building in measured or dosed intervals during the day.
Alternatively, heat energy rnay be taken up during the daytirne and then released into the building during the night. The energy in the heat collector can be stored if the full amount of energy is not removed temporarily~
Another feature of the invention provides for the use of inclined mirrors mounted near the collector to reflect the inci~
dent sun radiation on the collector. This clearl~ increases the efficiency of the heat collector. Furthermore, the disposition of the mirrors may be such as to provide an additional wind guide sur-face between the mirror surfaces and the outside surface of the collector.
The present invention accordingly provides a heat collec-tor system comprising;
a) a heat collector having an inlet conduit means, an outlet conduit means, and containing a heat transmitting liquid, b) a heat pump havi,ng fixst and second heat exchangers in the form of an evaporator and a condensor and a cooling fluid circuit interconnecting said heat exchangers, c) said heat collector being effective to take radiation heat from the environment, d) the heat collector having a structural confiyuration effective to additionally absorb convection heat as a convector which causes a good heat transmission between the ambient air and said heat transmitting fluid, ~r V
- , ;
. ~
`. ' e) first fluid flow rn~ans for connecting the first heat e~changer between said inlet and outlet conduits, f) a heat consuming mechar~ism, g) second fluid flow mean5 for connecting the condensor with the heat consuming mechan;.sm, h) third fluid flow rneans for connecting the heat con-suming mechanism bet~een said inlet and outlet conduits while by-passing the first and second heat exchangers, i) the evaporator being capable of supplying liquid to the heat collector at a temperature below the temperature of the ambient air, j) the collector includes two superimposed chambers including an upper chamber made of transparent material and having a heat conductive surface and a lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation, and k) valve means being effective to selectively direct the fluid flow only through the lower chamber or first through the upper and then through the lower chamber The present invention also provides a heat collector system comprising:
a) a heat collector including an upper chamber and a . lower chamber through which chambers a heat transmitting fluid is flowable, b) a heat pump including an evaporator and a condensor, c) a heat exchanger having primaxy and secondàry lines, .. . . .
d) the two chambers being separated by a transparent insulation layer, the upper chamber being made of transparent material and havin~ a heat conductive surface to cause the upper chamber to be heated by ambient air, and the lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation.
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e) said upper heat chamber having an outlet connected to the evaporator of said heat pump, E) said lower chamber being series-connec-ted to the primary line of said heat exchanger, and g) valve means for selectively connecting the secondary line of the heat exchanger between the upper heat chamber and the evaporator.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Other objects of this lnvention wlll appear in the followlng description and appended clalms, reference belncJ
made to the accompanying drawings Eormlng a part oE the speci-fication wherein like reference characters designate corres-ponding parts in the several views.
FIGURE 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodi-ment of the heat collector system made in accordance with this invention, FI~URES 2a and 2b are diagrammatic views partly in . , , ~
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cross sec~ion showing two embodi.ments Oe a cover for the heat collector used in the system macle in accordance with this invention, ~ Q
~IGURE 3 is a scllemat~ic circuit. diagram showing the connection oE a two chamber,collector of the inuention having a first type of operation, FIGURE 4 is.a schematic circuit diagram showing the connection of a two chamber collector wi-th a further type o~ operation, and ~
~IGURE 5 is a schernatic circuit diagram of a two chamber collector of this invention in which the two cham-bers are separated by a radiation permeable insulating layer.
DESCRIPTION OF-SPECI~IC ~l~lBODIMENTS
In Figure l, heat collector, generally designated l0, comprises a flat container filled with a fluid such as water or sa~t water. Collector l0 may also take the form of tubes or hoses which are placed in a plane exposed to sun ;~
radiation. The outlet conduit ll connects the heat collector l0 to the heat pump 12. The heated fluid leaves the collector l0 and is cooled in the heat pump 12. The cooled fluid is then recircula~ed to the heat collector l0 via inlet conduit 13 at a temperature which is below that of the ambient air of the heat collector l0. Inlet conduit 13 is connected to heat col-lector l0 at an end opposite to the connection of outlet conduit ll. Consequently, the fluid has to flow through the entire heat collector l0 throughout its cycle. Circulating pump 14 connected to line ll is used to drive the fluid through the system.
~1eat pu1np 12 has two heat exchangers 15 and 16 .
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interconneCted by a closed cooling fluid circu,it 17. Gaseous cooling fluid leaves khe cooling spiral of heat exchanger 15 and is compressed in condensor 161 and correspondingly heats up.' The heated ga.seous fluid is tllen directed into the S heating spiral of the heat exch',anger 16 located in the secon dary circuit 18 which includes the heat consuming device 19.
The gaseous cooling fluid then leaves the heating spiral of exchanger 16 and moves throuyh the relaxation nozzle ~0 where i.t relaxes, expands and cools down. Thus, heat e~changer lS is cooled by the gaseous cooling fluid and the heat exchanger is heated by said fluid. Thus, the extent of cooling and heating substantially depends upon the condensing ratio of condensor or heat exchanger 16. The condensing rat.io is so selected that the cooling of the fluid is effected up to a temperature which is be~ow the ambient temperature of heat collector 10.
A tempexature s,e,nsor 21 is located in the outlet of the heat collector 10 and a temperature feeler 22 is located in the inlet conduit 13. The temperature values measured at these sensors 21 and.22 may be used for controlling the inlet temperature of the fluid or ~or the control of the condensor or heat exchanger 16.
In the embodiment of Figure 1, heat collector 10 has only one sole fluid layer. Thus, heating of the fluid is caused by absorption of incident sun radiation and by convection at the surface of the collector 10. Thus, collec- -'tor 10 may be ~itted on a roof to absorb the heat loss of the roof at the same time that heating is obtained through i,ncident SUII radiation and corlvection. Color additives and _ 9 _ ~
. ~
~, the lik~ may be added to the ~luid to increasé the absorptive capacity of radiation, The upper side of the heat collector 10 must be composed of material which conducts heat very well.
Cover structures are shown for collector 10 in Figures 2a and 2b. A radiation permeable plate 9 is disposed parallel to and laterally displaced a distance above collector 10. Flap wings 8 are hingedly connected at either end of plate 9 and swing about the hinge pivot point as shown by the double arrows. When flap wings 8 are folded down, collector 10 is heated only by sun radiation but not by ambient heat. When flap wings 8 are folded up, hot air may pass along between collector 10 and plate 9 so that the collec-tor is additionally heated by convection.
In Fig~re 2b, a retractable roller blind cover 7 is disposed at a location laterally displaced a distance above collector 10. Cover 7 may be retracted in a known manner, An air cushion 6 is formed between the collector 10 and roller blind cover 7, Again, this configuration enables collector 10 to be heated by convection.
In Figures 3 and 4, the heat collector, generally designated 30, comprises two chambers 31 and 32 which are flatly arranged, one above the other, and separated by a separator wall 33. The lower chamber 32 absorbs the radia-tion incident to or falling upon the upper chamber 31 and passing therethrough. The volume of the upper chamber 31 is substantially heated by heat conductivity through the cover ~ of the upper chamber.
- As is evident in the drawings, heat collector 30 has inlet conduit means, outlet conduit means and contains a heat transmitting liquid. A first fluid flow means or connecting ~ ..
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lines, as shown, connect the first exchanger 46 between the inle and outlet condult means. A second :Eluid flow means or connec-ting lines, as shown, connect the second heat exchanger 47 with the heat consuming device 35. A third fluid flow means or connecting lines, as shown, connect the heat consuming device 35 between the inlet and outlet conduit means while bypassing the first and second heat exchangers 46 and 47.
As shown, different valves designated V and V' are disposed in the supply and outlet lines or conduits of chambers 31 and 32 In the type of operation shown in Figure 3, valves designated V'are open and valves designated V are closed In the state or type of operation shown in Figure 4, valves designated V are open and valves designated V' are closed The valves V and V' constitute valve means for selectively directing liquid through the first, second and third fluid flow means as described herein.
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:, With a low load operation as shown in Figure 3, pump 34 delivers fluld through open valve V'l to the heat consuming device 35 where the fluid cools down. The cooled fluid then flows through the open shut-off valves 36 and V'2 into the lower chamber 32 of the heat collector 30. The wall of the upper chamber 31 is transparent. Chamber 31 does not contain fluid but is filled with air. Thus, the fluid moving through lower chamber 32 is heated hy absorption of the inci-dent radiation upon the upper chamber 31. The heated fluid leaves chamber 32 through conduit 37 to flow throuyh the open valve V'3 to`pump 34. Lower chamber 32 is lined with an ab-sorption la~er to increase radiation absorption through the upper chamber 31. In ~his type of an operation-as shown in Figure 3, only radiation heat is produced but no ambient heat is obtained from the air.
, Water in reservoir 38 may be pumped into either of the chambers 31 and 32 through the filling and discharge line 40 via the pump 39. The discharge of the chambers 31 and 32 may also take place through line 40. The vent valve 41 is 2Q opened while the chambers 31 and 32 are being either evacuated or filled. Reservoir 38 may also be used as a storage for surplus heat.
Cooling spiral 42 is a heat exchanger disposed in water reservoir 38 for cooling the fluid leaving the heat consuming dévice 35 below the ambient temperature of heat collector 30. Valve 43 ,, , :
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is opened and valve 36 is closed thereby causing the appro-priate flow througll the cooling spiral 42. Upon leaving cool-ing spiral 42, the cooled,fluid is lntroduced to the lower chamber 32 through valve V''2, In the operation of Figure 4, the fluid flows through both chambers 31 and 32 of the heat collector 30. Fluid passes througll open valve V~ nto the upper chamber'31 at a temperature below the ambient temperature. The fluid is heated predomi-nantly by convection in chamber 31. Thereafter, it leaves upper chamber 31 through conduit 44 which communicates with line 37 passing into the lower chamber 32. The flow direc-tion in the chambers are indicated by the arrows. Fluid then leaves the lower chamber 32 through conduit 45 and the open valve V2 and through the pump 34. The fluid then is pumped 15- through open valve V3'to'''the evaporator or heat exchanger 46 o~ the heat pump to cool down and subsequently recycled through valve Vl into the upper,chamber 31. Condensor or heat exchanger 47 of the heat pump lS directly connected to the ;~
heat consuming device 35. The heat pump in Figures 3 and 4 operates in precisely the same fashion as the heat pump 12 shown and described in Figure 1.
An alternate method of operation of the workiny example of Figure 4 provides for the fluid to pass through the two chambers 31 and 32 in the same directian. This is accom- -plished by simply providing the inlets and outlets of chambers 31 and 32 accordingly. Thus, valves Vl and V'2 could be used as inlet valves while valve V'3c,ould be an outlet valve for both chambers 31 and 32. Thus, tlle additional advantage would be that the end of chan~er 31 at which the fluid llas the hic3hest temperature is adjacent. to the end of chamber 32 at which the fluid of the chamber also has the highest temperature.
A third variation of the heat collector system of the instant invention is shown in Figure 5. Heat collector, generally designated 50, comprises a lower chamber 51 and a transparent upper chamber 52. Chamber 51 has an absorption layer for heat radiation.
A gas insulation layer 53 separates chambers 51 an~ 52 and they ;
contain air or an inert gas like Argon or Krypton.
With a sufficient of~er of energy from radia-ti.on heat, the fluid flow in upper chamber 52 is not circulated.' The fluid heated in lower chamber 51 by heat radiation is conducted through heat exchanger 54 via pump 55 and again into the lower chamber 51.
Secondary lines 56 of the heat exchanger 5~ are connected to a heat consuming device (.not shown). As is evident in the drawin3, lower chamber 51 is series-connected to the primary line of heat exchanger 54 If the demand of energy is higher than that being obtained by radiant energy through the operation of chamber 51, a second fluid circuit is put into operation involving the upper chamber 52.
20 Pump 57 drives the fluid -through upper chamber 52 through valve 58 to the evaporator 59 of the heat pump, generally designated 60. As shown, the fluid flows through the secondary system of ~vaporator -59. The fluid is then recycled back to chamber 52. The condensor 61 of the heat pump 60 is connected to the heat consuming device 62 With this switch variant, it is possible to deliver heat separately from the lower and the upper chambers to several consuming devices or to one consuming device only.
This is of particular advantage for fresh air heaters in which the heating of fresh air current is realized via a heating cascade. In such a case, the heat energy of lower ', ,: ;, " ,' : ', ;
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. .
chamber 51 would be delivered to a heating register fitted in the fresh air current to preheat i-t. Final heating of the air current, if necessary, is pjerformed by a heatiny register connected subsequently and fed by low ternperature heat of the upper collector circuit processed by the heat pump 60.
By separating the 1uid currents of chambers 51 and 52, it is also possible to store heat from the lower chamber 51 in a heat accumulator. For exarnple, such storaqe or accumu-lation of heat could be used for the night time or for the 10 morniny heating phase iD a building. It also would be used to comply with the generally lower demand of daytime energy via the fluid current of the upper chamber-52.
Th~ system of Figure 5 is of particular importance and advantage from the viewpoint of eneryy economy. That is, ~5- the direct utilization of the heat contained in the fluid cur-rent of lower chamber 51 and the existing higher temperature level of upper chamber 52 at least during the sunshine phases of the day avoids the conversion of qualiLied heat into heat of poor quality by blending.
It is possible to influence two circuits by closing valve 58 and opening valve 63. Thus, under these circwnstances, fluid leaving upper chamber 52 does not directly get into evaporator 59 of heat pump 60 but passes through heat exchanger 54 first to flow via conduit 64 to evaporator 59. The fluid is first preheated in exchanger 54 before it is fed to heat pump 60, thereby operatiny heat pump 60 at a more favorable performance level. In this instance, fluid leaving heat pump 59 for recycliny to upper cha1nber 52 is still at a temperature be]ow the ambient -temperature of collector 50.
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Wh.ile the he~t collector system has been shown and described in detail,.it is,obvious that this invention is not to be considered as being lim.ite~ to the exact form dis-closed, and that changes in detail and construction may be made therein within the scope of the invention, without de-parting from the spirit thereof.
' ... .
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.
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Claims (14)
1. A heat collector system comprising:
a) a heat collector including an upper chamber and a lower chamber through which chambers a heat transmitting fluid is flowable, b) a heat pump including an evaporator and a condensor, c) a heat exchanger having primary and secondary lines, d) the two chambers being separated by a transparent insulation layer, the upper chamber being made of transparent material and having a heat conductive surface to cause the upper chamber to be heated by ambient air, and the lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation, e) said upper heat chamber having an outlet connected to the evaporator of said heat pump, f) said lower chamber being series-connected to the primary line of said heat exchanger, and g) valve means for selectively connecting the secondary line of the heat exchanger between the upper heat chamber and the evaporator.
a) a heat collector including an upper chamber and a lower chamber through which chambers a heat transmitting fluid is flowable, b) a heat pump including an evaporator and a condensor, c) a heat exchanger having primary and secondary lines, d) the two chambers being separated by a transparent insulation layer, the upper chamber being made of transparent material and having a heat conductive surface to cause the upper chamber to be heated by ambient air, and the lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation, e) said upper heat chamber having an outlet connected to the evaporator of said heat pump, f) said lower chamber being series-connected to the primary line of said heat exchanger, and g) valve means for selectively connecting the secondary line of the heat exchanger between the upper heat chamber and the evaporator.
2. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the structural configuration of the lower chamber includes an absorption layer for heat radiation.
3. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the transparent insulation layer comprises an insulating gas layer.
4. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said valve means includes a shut-off valve located in an output line which connects the upper chamber to said secondary line of the heat exchanger, said heat exchanger being heated by the fluid of the lower chamber with the fluid of the upper chamber being pre-heated and subsequently supplied in a preheated condition to the evaporator of said heat pump.
5. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said evaporator of the heat pump connected to the upper chamber is effective to supply fluid to the heat collector at a temperature below the temperature of the ambient air.
6. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein a first heat consuming device is connected to the secondary line of the heat exchanger, and a second heat consuming device is connected to the condensor of the heat pump.
7. A system as defined in claim 1 wherein the transparent material of the upper chamber has a heat conductive surface.
8. A heat collector system comprising:
a) a heat collector including an upper chamber and a lower chamber through which chambers a heat transmitting fluid is flowable, b) a heat pump including an evaporator and a condensor, c) a heat exchanger having a primary flow line and a secondary flow line, said primary and secondary flow lines being in heat exchange relationship with respect to each other and said secondary flow line being effective to establish a heat exchange relationship with a heat consuming means, d) the two chambers are separated by a transparent insulation layer, the upper chamber being made of transparent material and having a heat conductive surface to cause the upper chamber to be heated by ambient air, and the lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation, e) said upper heat chamber having an outlet connected in a heat exchange relationship to the evaporator of said heat pump, f) said lower chamber being series-connected to direct said heat transmitting fluid to the primary flow line of said heat exchanger, g) valve means for selectively connecting the secondary flow line of the heat exchanger between the upper heat chamber and the evaporator.
a) a heat collector including an upper chamber and a lower chamber through which chambers a heat transmitting fluid is flowable, b) a heat pump including an evaporator and a condensor, c) a heat exchanger having a primary flow line and a secondary flow line, said primary and secondary flow lines being in heat exchange relationship with respect to each other and said secondary flow line being effective to establish a heat exchange relationship with a heat consuming means, d) the two chambers are separated by a transparent insulation layer, the upper chamber being made of transparent material and having a heat conductive surface to cause the upper chamber to be heated by ambient air, and the lower chamber having a structural configuration effective to absorb heat radiation, e) said upper heat chamber having an outlet connected in a heat exchange relationship to the evaporator of said heat pump, f) said lower chamber being series-connected to direct said heat transmitting fluid to the primary flow line of said heat exchanger, g) valve means for selectively connecting the secondary flow line of the heat exchanger between the upper heat chamber and the evaporator.
9. A system as defined in claim 8 wherein the structural configuration of the lower chamber includes an absorption layer for heat radiation.
10. A system as defined in claim 8 wherein the transparent insulation layer comprises an insulating gas layer.
11. A system as defined in claim 8 wherein said valve means includes a shut-off valve located in an output line which connects the upper chamber to said secondary line of the heat exchanger, said heat exchanger being heated by the fluid of the lower chamber with the fluid of the upper chamber being preheated and sub-sequently supplied in a preheated condition to the evaporator of said heat pump.
12. A system as defined in claim 8 wherein said evaporator of the heat pump connected to the upper chamber is effective to supply fluid to the heat collector at a temperature below the temperature of the ambient air.
13. A system as defined in claim 8 wherein a first heat consuming device is connected to the secondary line of the heat exchanger, and a second consuming device is connected to the condensor of the heat pump.
14. A system as defined in claim 8 wherein the transparent material of the upper chamber has a heat conductive surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA367,029A CA1116036A (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1980-12-16 | Heat collector system |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2720319A DE2720319C2 (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1977-05-06 | Heat collector system |
| DEP2720319.6 | 1977-05-06 | ||
| CA302,567A CA1107164A (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1978-05-03 | Heat collector system |
| CA367,029A CA1116036A (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1980-12-16 | Heat collector system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1116036A true CA1116036A (en) | 1982-01-12 |
Family
ID=27165642
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA367,029A Expired CA1116036A (en) | 1977-05-06 | 1980-12-16 | Heat collector system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1116036A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4603685A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1986-08-05 | Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique | Solar heating system |
| FR2981202A1 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-12 | Datanewtech | Solar installation for ensuring combined production of thermal energy and electrical energy for building, has heat pump transferring energy of thermal panel toward hot source, where thermal panel is placed under photovoltaic panel |
| WO2015155422A1 (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2015-10-15 | Datatechnic International | Energy system with improved efficiency |
-
1980
- 1980-12-16 CA CA367,029A patent/CA1116036A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4603685A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1986-08-05 | Institut National De La Recherche Scientifique | Solar heating system |
| FR2981202A1 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-12 | Datanewtech | Solar installation for ensuring combined production of thermal energy and electrical energy for building, has heat pump transferring energy of thermal panel toward hot source, where thermal panel is placed under photovoltaic panel |
| WO2015155422A1 (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2015-10-15 | Datatechnic International | Energy system with improved efficiency |
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| MKEX | Expiry |