CA1109733A - Energy transfer device - Google Patents
Energy transfer deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1109733A CA1109733A CA286,613A CA286613A CA1109733A CA 1109733 A CA1109733 A CA 1109733A CA 286613 A CA286613 A CA 286613A CA 1109733 A CA1109733 A CA 1109733A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- fluid
- helical portion
- supporting structure
- energy transfer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
- F04F7/00—Pumps displacing fluids by using inertia thereof, e.g. by generating vibrations therein
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pipe Accessories (AREA)
- Electromagnetic Pumps, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The specification describes an energy transfer device in which an elongated conduit, containing fluid, has at least one end fixed and a first portion adapted to be oscillated. A second portion of the conduit between the relatively fixed end and the first portion is formed to provide a spring connection therebetween and results in improved performance in terms of output characteristics, design characteristics, and possible applications.
The specification describes an energy transfer device in which an elongated conduit, containing fluid, has at least one end fixed and a first portion adapted to be oscillated. A second portion of the conduit between the relatively fixed end and the first portion is formed to provide a spring connection therebetween and results in improved performance in terms of output characteristics, design characteristics, and possible applications.
Description
This invention relates to an improvement in energy transfer devices of the type in which the velocity of a fluid containing conduit is varied along the length of the conduit to generate fluid flow or pressure.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The phenomenon of water hammer in a long column of fluid has long been recognized. It is produced by a change in the velocity of a fluid in a conduit and results from the con-version of fluid kinetic energy to a static pressure energy.
An lnstantaneous change in velocity in an incompressible fluid causes an infinite pressure rise. In a real, compressible fluid, the pressure rise i9 finite but may be considerably greater than the normal working pressure of a system and is not instantaneous at all polnts along the fluid column, but rather progresses along a column as a wave with the velocity of sound in the column.
Depending upon the end conditions o~ the column, the wave may be reflected as a positive or a negative wave. In a closed, tuned system, compounding of incident and reflected wave~
results in extremely high pressures.
This principle may be used as ~he basis of a fluid pump or other fluid energy transfer device. In a pump applica-tion, a portion of an elongated conduit, containing fluid, is supported for osci~latory movement. One end of the conduit is connectet to a source of fluid while the other end is connected to an outlet. At least one flow restrlctor, which may be a check valve, is placed anywhere in the conduit. Oscillation of a portion of the conduit will cause the velocity of the condult to vary along lts length. The velocity of the Jb/, ~
il~9733 ,, contained fluid? with respect to the adjacent conduit, will then VaIy along the length o~ the conduit thereby causing pressure waves to progress along the conauit resulting in a net fluid displacement in the direction permitted by the flow restrictor.
Such an arrangement gives rise to a number of difficulties. In practical terms there is the problem of oscillating one portion of a continuous conduit while another portion is fixed. There is the problem of dealing with gas liquid separation of the fluid column and there is the problem of theoretically predicting the output for design purposes.
United States Patent No. 2,936,713 granted to John C. Fisher on May 17, 1960 describes a fluid pump based upon the water hammer principle. Fisher describes a manner of supporting the conduit for both Tectilinear and rotary oscillatory movement. Fisher's approach to solving the first problem, that i5 of oscillating one portion of a conduit while another portion remains fixed, i9 to use flexible sections of tubing formed of polymeric materials such as those known by the trade marks Nylon, Teflon and Saran. Such materials have limited phy~ical properties and limit the pump to either low flows or low pressures.
The present invention is concerned with providing an improved method of oscillating one portion of a conduit wbile another ~ortion remains fixed thereby providing an energy transfer devlce which retains the principal advantage~ of the Fisher pump but which, in addition, has a greatly eY.tended life and range of application, is reliable, and has a predictable output.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
. _ .
The present invention ~ay be broadly described as an energy transfer device, comprising: an elongated fluid conduit having one end adapted to be in fluid communication with an exter-nal fluid system and a first portion adapted to be longitudinally oscillated; means for oscillating the first portion; the conduit further ~aving a second portion interposed between the one end and the first portion formed to provide a spring connection there-between.
The term spring connection is intended to refer to a mechanical contrivance which provides a required degree of flex-ibility regardless of the material of construction.
~ The spring connection provides improved design and oper-ation since the position of every point on the conduit can be defined at any instant thereby allowing for accurate computation of output and of stresses at any point in the conduit wall. The connection permits the use of rigid materials. This considerably increases the capacity of the device in terms of flows or pressures.
It has been found that ln smaller pump units, the outpu~ can be increased by a factor of about four while in larger pump units~ the output can be increased by a factor of about ten. This re~sults from the much higher sound velocity in the fluid contained in a rigi~
conduit as opposed to that of a flexible conduit and the ability of rigid materials to withstand greater stresses. Rigid ferrous materials, unlike polymers have a well defined fatigue stress limit and, thus, it is possible to design a conduit of lnfini~e life. It follows that the range of applications can be vastly increased.
The use of polymer materials (even for end connections only) limits the device to maximum outlet pressures in the oraer of 150 psi and flow rates in the order of a few gallons per minute. In distinction, the use of spring connections using rigid materials enables any present pumping application to be covered - from thousands of gallons per minute at low pressures to thousands of pounds per square inch at low flows. The extended choice of materials permits high and low temperature applications, zero contamination applications and the handling of dangerous and exotic fluids.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows in which reference is made to the appended drawings, wherein:
Figures 1, 2 and 3, illustrate diagrammatically the ~pring connections in different applications;
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the manner in which the embodiment of Figure 3 may be connected to impact devices; and Pigure 6 is a more detailed view illustrating a practical construction of a pump aspect of the energy transfer device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Figure 1 illustrates, diagrammatically9 a fluid energy transfer device as applied to a pump. It is comprised of an elongated fluid conduit 10 having an inlet section 11, a central ~ectlon 12, and an outlet section 13. Sections 11, 12 and 13 are formed into helical coils and are unitary. Central section 12, a~ shown in Figure 6 discussed below9 i9 mounted for anglllar oscillation about the coil axis.
Inlet section 11 has an end 16, remote from section 12, connected to a source of fluid (not shown) and is adapted to be held stationary while section 12 is oscillated about the coil axis. Similarly, outlet section 13 has an end 17 remote from section 12 connected to an external fluid circuit (not shown) and held stationary while section 12 is oscillated about the coil axis. Inlet section 11 and outlet section 13 are each in the form of helical coils, as mentioned above, to provide a ior-sional spring connection between their respective ports and central section 12.
End 16 of inlet section 11 and end 17 of outlet section 13 are provided with the fluid rectifier means 18 and 19, respec-tively, which may be in the form of check valves or flow res-trictors providing less resistance to flow in one direction than in the other direction.
Thus, oscillation of central section 12 about the coil axis will generate a pressure wave in the conduit and the fluid rectifiers 18 and 19 will permit a net flow of fluid from the inlet 16 to the outlet 17.
It is important to realize that in order to generate the wave in the conduit, the fluid velocity with respect to the ad~acent conduit must vary along the length of the conduit.
This is achieved, in this embodiment, by fixing the remote ends 16 and 17 of inlet and outlet sections 11 and 13, respectively, while oscillating section 12 about the coil axis. As indicated later, however~ only one end need be held. In so doing, the axial velocity of the conduit varies from æero at itR ends to a maximum in the central section 12. As a result, the fluid velocity with respect to the ad~acent conduit will vary along the length of the conduit.
~1~9733 It should also be appreciated that central section 12 need not be lengthy in relation to the overall length of the conduit or ln relation to the length of the spring connections.
It only need be as long as is required to be properly clamped to the oscillating device so that in practice it may be rela-tively short.
Air liquid separation in a fluid column results from the fact that liquids contain dissolved gases and if ~he pressure on the liquid is reduced below atmospheric pressure, these gases separate from the liquid to form large bubbles.
Since very low pressures are encountered in certain applications, the bubbles would form and act as energy absorbers and may result in a complete loss of pump output. This problem is solved by using a conduit winding having a continuous rise to permit the bubbles to move along the conduit out of the pump section.
The slmplest windings that permit a continuous rise in the conduit is a vertical helix as shown in Figure 1. A vertical conical spiral winding as shown in Figure 2 will permit a more compact design by reversing successive conica]. spirals and laylng these on top of each other.
The spring inl.et and outlet connections may be formed integrally with the central sections or may be made separately and connected to the central section. More importantly, the spring connections may be constructed of rigid materials and designed to provide the desired degree of flexibility. Rigid ferrous materials have well defined fatigue stress limits and it is thus possible to design a unit of infinite life in accortance with recognized engineering methods.
, , ll~g733 Reference will now be made to Figure 6 which illus-trates in greater detail the structure of the pump.
The pump 40 includes a housing shown in part as reference numeral 42, and a shaft 44 vertically mounted in the housing for oscillatory movement ~bout its axis. The shaft is journalled in the housing in bea~ings section 46 and 48. The shaft is formed with a stepped portion or drum 50 to which is secured central section 54 of a fluid conduit 52. As with Figure 1, the conduit is formed with inte~ral inlet section 56 and outlet section 58. The conduit, formed into a vertical helix, may be secured to the drum 50 by being received in a helical groove in the drum or by ~eans of a conduit clamping bar 60 which overlies the coils of the central section 54 of the conduit 52 and i9 secured to the drum by means of screws 62.
Any other suitable means may be used to secure the conduit to the drum provided the oscillatory movement is efficiently trsns-mitted.
Any suitable means may be used to oscillate shaft 44 and ln thls connection reference is made to the Fisher paten~.
Figure 6 shows a crankarm 64 secured to the lower end of shsft 44. Crankarm 64 may be connected to a motor (not shown) by way of a connecting rod in a manner well known to those skllled in such field.
It will be seen that the ends 70 and 72 of inlet snd outlet sections 56 and 58, respectively, remote from the central section 54~ are secured to housing 42 by means of brackets 74,76.
Furthermore the inlet and outlet 3ectlons are free of the drum ant are thus free to elastically deform in response to the oscillations. A check valve 78 connects end 70 to a supply of 11~ 733 fluid while a check valve 80 connects end 72 to an external circuit or to an outlet port.
A~ As mentioned earlier, only one~of the conduit need be fixed while the central section is oscillated in order to produce the desired pressure wave in the fluid.
An arrangement such as that described above may be used to pump slurries or to transfer power. The latter would be the hydraulic analogy of a D.C. electrical generator.
A similar arrangement, without check valves, may also be used to transfer power. Oscillation of the central section will result in alternating forward and reverse fluid flow. The reverse i9 also true, i.e., forward and reverse fluid flow in the conduit will cause oscillation of the central section and, thus, the output may be used to drive a similar unit that acts as a motor. In this mode, the unit is the hydraulic analogy of a single phase A.C. electrical generator. A number of units may be used to generate multi-phase power.
An arrangement without check valves may be used to generate alternating forward and reverse fluid flow and corres-ponding application of a force against a closed end of theconduit as applied for example to a jack hammer or stamping preRs, As shown in Figure 3, such a unit would include an elongated conduit 90 having one closed end 92 and the other end 94 connected to an impact device. The conduit has a first portion 96 adapted to be oscillated and a second portion 98 lnterpo~ed between end 94 and portion 96 formed to provide the sprlng connection. As with the previous embodiment, the conduit is a vertical helical coil.
_ 8 -, , , 73~
End 94 may be closed as shown in Figure 4~ by the face 100 of a piston 102 reciprocably mounted in a cylinder 104 located in the same or separate housing. The piston is biased in one direction, by a spring 106. An impac~ device is connected to the other end 108 of piston 102. It will be understood tha~
oscillation of the first portion of the conduit will generate pressure waves which will impart a force upon piston 102.
Alternatively, end 94 of the conduit may be closed as shown in Figure S and serve as the impact device itself.
It will be understood that, as with the previous embodiment, the reverse operation is true.
_ 9 _
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The phenomenon of water hammer in a long column of fluid has long been recognized. It is produced by a change in the velocity of a fluid in a conduit and results from the con-version of fluid kinetic energy to a static pressure energy.
An lnstantaneous change in velocity in an incompressible fluid causes an infinite pressure rise. In a real, compressible fluid, the pressure rise i9 finite but may be considerably greater than the normal working pressure of a system and is not instantaneous at all polnts along the fluid column, but rather progresses along a column as a wave with the velocity of sound in the column.
Depending upon the end conditions o~ the column, the wave may be reflected as a positive or a negative wave. In a closed, tuned system, compounding of incident and reflected wave~
results in extremely high pressures.
This principle may be used as ~he basis of a fluid pump or other fluid energy transfer device. In a pump applica-tion, a portion of an elongated conduit, containing fluid, is supported for osci~latory movement. One end of the conduit is connectet to a source of fluid while the other end is connected to an outlet. At least one flow restrlctor, which may be a check valve, is placed anywhere in the conduit. Oscillation of a portion of the conduit will cause the velocity of the condult to vary along lts length. The velocity of the Jb/, ~
il~9733 ,, contained fluid? with respect to the adjacent conduit, will then VaIy along the length o~ the conduit thereby causing pressure waves to progress along the conauit resulting in a net fluid displacement in the direction permitted by the flow restrictor.
Such an arrangement gives rise to a number of difficulties. In practical terms there is the problem of oscillating one portion of a continuous conduit while another portion is fixed. There is the problem of dealing with gas liquid separation of the fluid column and there is the problem of theoretically predicting the output for design purposes.
United States Patent No. 2,936,713 granted to John C. Fisher on May 17, 1960 describes a fluid pump based upon the water hammer principle. Fisher describes a manner of supporting the conduit for both Tectilinear and rotary oscillatory movement. Fisher's approach to solving the first problem, that i5 of oscillating one portion of a conduit while another portion remains fixed, i9 to use flexible sections of tubing formed of polymeric materials such as those known by the trade marks Nylon, Teflon and Saran. Such materials have limited phy~ical properties and limit the pump to either low flows or low pressures.
The present invention is concerned with providing an improved method of oscillating one portion of a conduit wbile another ~ortion remains fixed thereby providing an energy transfer devlce which retains the principal advantage~ of the Fisher pump but which, in addition, has a greatly eY.tended life and range of application, is reliable, and has a predictable output.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
. _ .
The present invention ~ay be broadly described as an energy transfer device, comprising: an elongated fluid conduit having one end adapted to be in fluid communication with an exter-nal fluid system and a first portion adapted to be longitudinally oscillated; means for oscillating the first portion; the conduit further ~aving a second portion interposed between the one end and the first portion formed to provide a spring connection there-between.
The term spring connection is intended to refer to a mechanical contrivance which provides a required degree of flex-ibility regardless of the material of construction.
~ The spring connection provides improved design and oper-ation since the position of every point on the conduit can be defined at any instant thereby allowing for accurate computation of output and of stresses at any point in the conduit wall. The connection permits the use of rigid materials. This considerably increases the capacity of the device in terms of flows or pressures.
It has been found that ln smaller pump units, the outpu~ can be increased by a factor of about four while in larger pump units~ the output can be increased by a factor of about ten. This re~sults from the much higher sound velocity in the fluid contained in a rigi~
conduit as opposed to that of a flexible conduit and the ability of rigid materials to withstand greater stresses. Rigid ferrous materials, unlike polymers have a well defined fatigue stress limit and, thus, it is possible to design a conduit of lnfini~e life. It follows that the range of applications can be vastly increased.
The use of polymer materials (even for end connections only) limits the device to maximum outlet pressures in the oraer of 150 psi and flow rates in the order of a few gallons per minute. In distinction, the use of spring connections using rigid materials enables any present pumping application to be covered - from thousands of gallons per minute at low pressures to thousands of pounds per square inch at low flows. The extended choice of materials permits high and low temperature applications, zero contamination applications and the handling of dangerous and exotic fluids.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows in which reference is made to the appended drawings, wherein:
Figures 1, 2 and 3, illustrate diagrammatically the ~pring connections in different applications;
Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the manner in which the embodiment of Figure 3 may be connected to impact devices; and Pigure 6 is a more detailed view illustrating a practical construction of a pump aspect of the energy transfer device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Figure 1 illustrates, diagrammatically9 a fluid energy transfer device as applied to a pump. It is comprised of an elongated fluid conduit 10 having an inlet section 11, a central ~ectlon 12, and an outlet section 13. Sections 11, 12 and 13 are formed into helical coils and are unitary. Central section 12, a~ shown in Figure 6 discussed below9 i9 mounted for anglllar oscillation about the coil axis.
Inlet section 11 has an end 16, remote from section 12, connected to a source of fluid (not shown) and is adapted to be held stationary while section 12 is oscillated about the coil axis. Similarly, outlet section 13 has an end 17 remote from section 12 connected to an external fluid circuit (not shown) and held stationary while section 12 is oscillated about the coil axis. Inlet section 11 and outlet section 13 are each in the form of helical coils, as mentioned above, to provide a ior-sional spring connection between their respective ports and central section 12.
End 16 of inlet section 11 and end 17 of outlet section 13 are provided with the fluid rectifier means 18 and 19, respec-tively, which may be in the form of check valves or flow res-trictors providing less resistance to flow in one direction than in the other direction.
Thus, oscillation of central section 12 about the coil axis will generate a pressure wave in the conduit and the fluid rectifiers 18 and 19 will permit a net flow of fluid from the inlet 16 to the outlet 17.
It is important to realize that in order to generate the wave in the conduit, the fluid velocity with respect to the ad~acent conduit must vary along the length of the conduit.
This is achieved, in this embodiment, by fixing the remote ends 16 and 17 of inlet and outlet sections 11 and 13, respectively, while oscillating section 12 about the coil axis. As indicated later, however~ only one end need be held. In so doing, the axial velocity of the conduit varies from æero at itR ends to a maximum in the central section 12. As a result, the fluid velocity with respect to the ad~acent conduit will vary along the length of the conduit.
~1~9733 It should also be appreciated that central section 12 need not be lengthy in relation to the overall length of the conduit or ln relation to the length of the spring connections.
It only need be as long as is required to be properly clamped to the oscillating device so that in practice it may be rela-tively short.
Air liquid separation in a fluid column results from the fact that liquids contain dissolved gases and if ~he pressure on the liquid is reduced below atmospheric pressure, these gases separate from the liquid to form large bubbles.
Since very low pressures are encountered in certain applications, the bubbles would form and act as energy absorbers and may result in a complete loss of pump output. This problem is solved by using a conduit winding having a continuous rise to permit the bubbles to move along the conduit out of the pump section.
The slmplest windings that permit a continuous rise in the conduit is a vertical helix as shown in Figure 1. A vertical conical spiral winding as shown in Figure 2 will permit a more compact design by reversing successive conica]. spirals and laylng these on top of each other.
The spring inl.et and outlet connections may be formed integrally with the central sections or may be made separately and connected to the central section. More importantly, the spring connections may be constructed of rigid materials and designed to provide the desired degree of flexibility. Rigid ferrous materials have well defined fatigue stress limits and it is thus possible to design a unit of infinite life in accortance with recognized engineering methods.
, , ll~g733 Reference will now be made to Figure 6 which illus-trates in greater detail the structure of the pump.
The pump 40 includes a housing shown in part as reference numeral 42, and a shaft 44 vertically mounted in the housing for oscillatory movement ~bout its axis. The shaft is journalled in the housing in bea~ings section 46 and 48. The shaft is formed with a stepped portion or drum 50 to which is secured central section 54 of a fluid conduit 52. As with Figure 1, the conduit is formed with inte~ral inlet section 56 and outlet section 58. The conduit, formed into a vertical helix, may be secured to the drum 50 by being received in a helical groove in the drum or by ~eans of a conduit clamping bar 60 which overlies the coils of the central section 54 of the conduit 52 and i9 secured to the drum by means of screws 62.
Any other suitable means may be used to secure the conduit to the drum provided the oscillatory movement is efficiently trsns-mitted.
Any suitable means may be used to oscillate shaft 44 and ln thls connection reference is made to the Fisher paten~.
Figure 6 shows a crankarm 64 secured to the lower end of shsft 44. Crankarm 64 may be connected to a motor (not shown) by way of a connecting rod in a manner well known to those skllled in such field.
It will be seen that the ends 70 and 72 of inlet snd outlet sections 56 and 58, respectively, remote from the central section 54~ are secured to housing 42 by means of brackets 74,76.
Furthermore the inlet and outlet 3ectlons are free of the drum ant are thus free to elastically deform in response to the oscillations. A check valve 78 connects end 70 to a supply of 11~ 733 fluid while a check valve 80 connects end 72 to an external circuit or to an outlet port.
A~ As mentioned earlier, only one~of the conduit need be fixed while the central section is oscillated in order to produce the desired pressure wave in the fluid.
An arrangement such as that described above may be used to pump slurries or to transfer power. The latter would be the hydraulic analogy of a D.C. electrical generator.
A similar arrangement, without check valves, may also be used to transfer power. Oscillation of the central section will result in alternating forward and reverse fluid flow. The reverse i9 also true, i.e., forward and reverse fluid flow in the conduit will cause oscillation of the central section and, thus, the output may be used to drive a similar unit that acts as a motor. In this mode, the unit is the hydraulic analogy of a single phase A.C. electrical generator. A number of units may be used to generate multi-phase power.
An arrangement without check valves may be used to generate alternating forward and reverse fluid flow and corres-ponding application of a force against a closed end of theconduit as applied for example to a jack hammer or stamping preRs, As shown in Figure 3, such a unit would include an elongated conduit 90 having one closed end 92 and the other end 94 connected to an impact device. The conduit has a first portion 96 adapted to be oscillated and a second portion 98 lnterpo~ed between end 94 and portion 96 formed to provide the sprlng connection. As with the previous embodiment, the conduit is a vertical helical coil.
_ 8 -, , , 73~
End 94 may be closed as shown in Figure 4~ by the face 100 of a piston 102 reciprocably mounted in a cylinder 104 located in the same or separate housing. The piston is biased in one direction, by a spring 106. An impac~ device is connected to the other end 108 of piston 102. It will be understood tha~
oscillation of the first portion of the conduit will generate pressure waves which will impart a force upon piston 102.
Alternatively, end 94 of the conduit may be closed as shown in Figure S and serve as the impact device itself.
It will be understood that, as with the previous embodiment, the reverse operation is true.
_ 9 _
Claims (21)
1. A device for use in transferring energy from one to the other of a tube and a fluid therein comprising:
(a) a supporting structure;
(b) a tube of selected length adapted for connection in fluid flow communication with an external fluid system and having respectively first and second opposite ends, at least a portion of said selected length of tube being coiled into the form of an open helix, said tube being sufficiently rigid so as not to expand radially during normal operating pressures of a fluid contained in the tube;
(c) means retaining said helical portion on said supporting structure such that the axis of the helix remains in essentially a fixed position relative to the supporting structure;
(d) means fixedly anchoring the helical portion at a first portion thereon to a supporting structure, said helical portion at a second position spaced from said first position axially along the tube being movable in an arc about the axis of the helix; and (e) means to move said helical portion at said second position in an arc about the axis of the helix alternately to increase and decrease the radius of curvature of the helical portion between said first and second positions whereby there results a progressive change in axial tube velocity along the helical portion of the tube from one to the other of said first and second positions.
(a) a supporting structure;
(b) a tube of selected length adapted for connection in fluid flow communication with an external fluid system and having respectively first and second opposite ends, at least a portion of said selected length of tube being coiled into the form of an open helix, said tube being sufficiently rigid so as not to expand radially during normal operating pressures of a fluid contained in the tube;
(c) means retaining said helical portion on said supporting structure such that the axis of the helix remains in essentially a fixed position relative to the supporting structure;
(d) means fixedly anchoring the helical portion at a first portion thereon to a supporting structure, said helical portion at a second position spaced from said first position axially along the tube being movable in an arc about the axis of the helix; and (e) means to move said helical portion at said second position in an arc about the axis of the helix alternately to increase and decrease the radius of curvature of the helical portion between said first and second positions whereby there results a progressive change in axial tube velocity along the helical portion of the tube from one to the other of said first and second positions.
2. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 1 including first and second fluid flow restrictors in said tube respectively at opposite sides of said helical portion.
3. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 2 wherein the length of fluid flow path through the tube from one said flow restrictor to the other is co-related to a fluid wave propagated along the tube with the velocity of sound in the fluid relative to the fluid.
4. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 3 wherein said tube length is equal to one half of the enclosed fluid wavelength or some integral number thereof.
5. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 1 wherein the length of tube between said first and second positions is no longer than one-quarter of the enclosed fluid wavelength.
6. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 1 wherein said first end of said conduit is closed and wherein said second end connects to the external fluid system.
7. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 1, further including a shaft journalled on the supporting structure for oscillatory movement about an axis co-incidental with the axis of the helix and means securing said helical portion of said tube at said second position to said shaft for movement therewith.
8. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 7 wherein said helically coiled tube continues beyond said second position to a third position and wherein the tube between said second and third positions is rigidly secured to said shaft for movement therewith.
9. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 8 wherein said continuing portion of the helically coiled tube terminates in a closed end of said tube and wherein the opposite end of said tube is adapted for connection in fluid flow communication with a fluid power impact device.
10. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 8 wherein said helically coiled tube continues beyond said third position to a fourth position and wherein said tube, at said fourth position, is fixedly secured to said supporting structure.
11. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 10 including first and second fluid flow restrictor means adjacent respectively said first and fourth positions permitting fluid flow through the tube in one direction and resisting flow in a direction opposite said one direction.
12. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 11 wherein said fluid flow restrictor means comprise one-way flow check valves.
13. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 12 wherein the length of fluid flow path through the tube from one said flow restrictor to the other is co-related to a fluid wave propagated along the tube with the velocity of sound in the fluid relative to the fluid.
14. An energy transfer device as defined in claim 13 wherein said tube length is equal to one half of the enclosed fluid wavelength or some integral number thereof.
15. A device for use in transferring energy from one to the other of a tube and a fluid therein comprising:
(a) a supporting structure;
(b) a tube of selected length for connection in fluid flow communication with an external fluid system, said tube having respective first and second opposite ends and sufficiently rigid so as not to expand radially during normal operating pressure of a fluid in the tube, at least a major portion of the length of said tube being in the form of an open helix providing first and second contiguous helical coil portions on a common axis and each consisting of a selected length of said tube;
(c) means retaining said helical portion on said supporting structure such that the axis of the helix remains in essentially a fixed position relative to the supporting structure;
(d) means fixedly anchoring the first helical portion at a first position thereon to said supporting structure, and at a second position spaced from said first position axially along the tube being movable in an arc about the axis of the helix;
(e) means associated with said supporting structure and said first helical portion permitting alternately torsionally twisting such helical portion in opposite directions a limited amount about the axis of the helix, said torsional twisting progressively increasing and decreasing the radius of curvature of the tube in such helical portion from one end to the other thereof whereby there results a progressive change in axial tube velocity; and (d) means associated with said second helical portion and said frame preventing bending of the tube in said second helical portion.
(a) a supporting structure;
(b) a tube of selected length for connection in fluid flow communication with an external fluid system, said tube having respective first and second opposite ends and sufficiently rigid so as not to expand radially during normal operating pressure of a fluid in the tube, at least a major portion of the length of said tube being in the form of an open helix providing first and second contiguous helical coil portions on a common axis and each consisting of a selected length of said tube;
(c) means retaining said helical portion on said supporting structure such that the axis of the helix remains in essentially a fixed position relative to the supporting structure;
(d) means fixedly anchoring the first helical portion at a first position thereon to said supporting structure, and at a second position spaced from said first position axially along the tube being movable in an arc about the axis of the helix;
(e) means associated with said supporting structure and said first helical portion permitting alternately torsionally twisting such helical portion in opposite directions a limited amount about the axis of the helix, said torsional twisting progressively increasing and decreasing the radius of curvature of the tube in such helical portion from one end to the other thereof whereby there results a progressive change in axial tube velocity; and (d) means associated with said second helical portion and said frame preventing bending of the tube in said second helical portion.
16. A device as defined in claim 15 including shaft means mounted on said supporting structure for limited oscillatory movement about said common axis and wherein the selected length of tube of said second helical portion is securely mounted on said shaft means for move-ment therewith.
17. A device as defined in claim 15 including means mounted on said supporting structure for limited oscillatory movement about said common axis, means rigidly securing said second helical portion of said tube to said supporting structure and means attaching the tube of said first helical portion to said oscillatory means at a position remote from said second helical portion.
18. A device as defined in claim 15 including a third helical portion on said common axis contiguous with said second helical portion and including means torsionally to twist said third helical portion in timed relation with said first helical portion.
19. A device as defined in claim 18 including a one-way flow control valve in said tube adjacent each said first and second opposite ends, means securely anchoring said first and second opposite ends of said tube to said supporting structure and wherein the length of the fluid flow path through the tube from one valve to the other is within the range of 75 to 100% of one-half of the wavelength of a fluid valve propagated along the tube with the velocity of sound in the fluid relative to the fluid.
20. A device as defined in claim 19 wherein said first and second opposite ends of said tube are fixedly secured to said supporting structure and wherein said second helical portion is mounted on a shaft journalled to oscillate about an axis co-incident with said common axis.
21. A device as defined in claim 19 wherein said opposite ends of said tube are connected to shaft means journalled to oscillate about an axis co-incident with said common axis and wherein said second helical portion is fixedly anchored at opposite ends thereof to said supporting structure.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA286,613A CA1109733A (en) | 1977-09-13 | 1977-09-13 | Energy transfer device |
| GB1788278A GB1603175A (en) | 1977-09-13 | 1978-05-05 | Energy transfer devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA286,613A CA1109733A (en) | 1977-09-13 | 1977-09-13 | Energy transfer device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1109733A true CA1109733A (en) | 1981-09-29 |
Family
ID=4109516
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA286,613A Expired CA1109733A (en) | 1977-09-13 | 1977-09-13 | Energy transfer device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1109733A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1603175A (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-09-13 CA CA286,613A patent/CA1109733A/en not_active Expired
-
1978
- 1978-05-05 GB GB1788278A patent/GB1603175A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1603175A (en) | 1981-11-18 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |