CA1109698A - Metallic substrate with intermetallic compound coating or cladding - Google Patents
Metallic substrate with intermetallic compound coating or claddingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1109698A CA1109698A CA311,390A CA311390A CA1109698A CA 1109698 A CA1109698 A CA 1109698A CA 311390 A CA311390 A CA 311390A CA 1109698 A CA1109698 A CA 1109698A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cladding
- coating
- intermetallic compound
- substrate
- article according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Metallic Substrate with Intermediate Compound Coating or Cladding Coating or cladding materials especially for articles such as turbine blades of high strength structural alloys, comprising one or more intermetallic compounds having the general formula AxBy where A is Be, Al, Sc, Y, one of the lanthanides Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, V, Nb or Ta and B is Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir or Pt and where x and y are integers ?1 and preferably ?5.
Metallic Substrate with Intermediate Compound Coating or Cladding Coating or cladding materials especially for articles such as turbine blades of high strength structural alloys, comprising one or more intermetallic compounds having the general formula AxBy where A is Be, Al, Sc, Y, one of the lanthanides Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, V, Nb or Ta and B is Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir or Pt and where x and y are integers ?1 and preferably ?5.
Description
6~
Title: "Metallic Substrate with Intermetallic Compound Coating or Cladding"
This invention relates to coating or cladding materials for metallic substrates, especially high strength structural alloys: more particularly it relates to such materials which import wear and corrosion resistance to such alloys.
Alloys forming articles such as turbine blades which are subjected to prolonged mechanical stress at high temperature also need to have good corrosion and creep resistance. Alloys frequently used for this purpose are nickel-based, cobalt-based or contain Ni + Cu and also contain Mo, Cu, Ti, Al Fe, C and W etc. Such alloys are frequently referred to as "superalloys". In the case of nickel-based superalloys the high hot strength is obtained partly by solid solution hardening using such elements as tungsten or molybdenum and partly by precipitation hardening.
Although such alloys may have the necessary mechanical strength they still require as much protection as possible against corrosion and wear. It is an object of the present invention to produce a metallurgical cladding or coating material affording improved corrosion and wear resistance.
Such claddings require high temperature stability, preferably a melting or decomposition temperature greater than 1400C is necessary.
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~1096~8
Title: "Metallic Substrate with Intermetallic Compound Coating or Cladding"
This invention relates to coating or cladding materials for metallic substrates, especially high strength structural alloys: more particularly it relates to such materials which import wear and corrosion resistance to such alloys.
Alloys forming articles such as turbine blades which are subjected to prolonged mechanical stress at high temperature also need to have good corrosion and creep resistance. Alloys frequently used for this purpose are nickel-based, cobalt-based or contain Ni + Cu and also contain Mo, Cu, Ti, Al Fe, C and W etc. Such alloys are frequently referred to as "superalloys". In the case of nickel-based superalloys the high hot strength is obtained partly by solid solution hardening using such elements as tungsten or molybdenum and partly by precipitation hardening.
Although such alloys may have the necessary mechanical strength they still require as much protection as possible against corrosion and wear. It is an object of the present invention to produce a metallurgical cladding or coating material affording improved corrosion and wear resistance.
Such claddings require high temperature stability, preferably a melting or decomposition temperature greater than 1400C is necessary.
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~1096~8
- 2 -According to one aspect of this invention a coatin~ or cladding material on thc surface of ~ substrate formed from a hi~h strength structural alloy, comprises one or more intermetallic compounds of the g~neral formula AxBy where A
is Be, Al, Sc, Y, one of the lanthanides, SiJ Ti, Zr, EI~, Th, I -V, Nb or Ta and B is Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir or Pt and ~here x and y are intcgersSf 1 and preferably ~ 5.
Many compounds of the type AXBy are miscible with one another and the coating or cladding material may contain a mixture Or two or more of tbese compounds.
A list of intermetallic compounds giving melting points or dissociation temperatures is given in Table 1. ~e prefer to use the nominal intermediate phases AB cf the elements Nb and Ta with Rh and Ir. I~ any combination (ie whatever the values o~ x and y) these compounds have been found to be the mo,t suitable alternatives to currently available cladding materials.
Tbey are unusually ductile. Details are given in Table 2. These four combinations are not the o~ly ones preferred in all cir-cumstances, however. Others are AlPt3, AlPd and RuZr. A fuller list is as follows: ¦
, ~ :
:
. .
: .
110~6~
Ir compounds HfIr3 HfIr Hf5Ir3 Hf2Ir TaIr3 TaIr NbIr3 3 NbIr TiIr TiIr3 Ti3Ir VIr3 V3Ir VIr Ru compounds
is Be, Al, Sc, Y, one of the lanthanides, SiJ Ti, Zr, EI~, Th, I -V, Nb or Ta and B is Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir or Pt and ~here x and y are intcgersSf 1 and preferably ~ 5.
Many compounds of the type AXBy are miscible with one another and the coating or cladding material may contain a mixture Or two or more of tbese compounds.
A list of intermetallic compounds giving melting points or dissociation temperatures is given in Table 1. ~e prefer to use the nominal intermediate phases AB cf the elements Nb and Ta with Rh and Ir. I~ any combination (ie whatever the values o~ x and y) these compounds have been found to be the mo,t suitable alternatives to currently available cladding materials.
Tbey are unusually ductile. Details are given in Table 2. These four combinations are not the o~ly ones preferred in all cir-cumstances, however. Others are AlPt3, AlPd and RuZr. A fuller list is as follows: ¦
, ~ :
:
. .
: .
110~6~
Ir compounds HfIr3 HfIr Hf5Ir3 Hf2Ir TaIr3 TaIr NbIr3 3 NbIr TiIr TiIr3 Ti3Ir VIr3 V3Ir VIr Ru compounds
3 2 PrRu2 TiRu CeRu2 ZrRu LaRu2 ,. , :. . . ~ .... : .
l~S6~1~
Pd Compounds TaPd TaPd3 TaPd2 HoPd3 HoPd Ho4Pd5 DyPd3 DyPd Y4 5 ExPd3 ExPd Ex~Pd5 YPd3 YPd Y4Pd5 ZxPd3 ZxPd ZxPd2 GdPd3 AlPd AlPd2 SmPd3 TiPd3 TiPd4 MnPd ThPd3 ThPd BePd YbPd Yb3Pd4 CePd3 EuPd3 Si4Pdg SiPd Rhodium C mpounds TaRh3 TaRh NbRh3 NbRh NdRh3 NdRh2 Nd4Rh3 ~`
~" ,~-~, , : . :. - . ~ . :
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ilO~6~?8 Platinum comyounds ~fPt IIf t ZrPt3 ZrPt Zr2Pt 3 t Y3Pt VPt YPt YPt5 AlPt3 AlPt A13Pt2 A13Pt5 A~,Pt The invention also includes an article, such as a turbine blade formed from a high strength structural fllloy, to at least a part of the surface of which is applied a coating or cladding material according to this invention.
Preferably the coating of intermetallic compound on the surface o~ the article, i9 in tlle ~orm of a thin film the thickness of which is from 2 microns to 15 microns.
A number of different techniques may be employed to produce a thin film of the intermetallic compound coating material upon the surface of the metal substrate.
By way of example, aluminium may be deposited onto the surface of articles (e.g. gauzes, metallic monoliths and other forms of catalytic substrate by a pack-aluminising process. In this process the articles are packed into a heat-resistant container in an appropriate mixture of chemicals such that aluminium is transferred via the vapour phase .
6~
onto the article surface. At the aluminising temperature, typically 800-1000C, interaction between the platinum and aluminium occurs to give the required intermetallic compound.
Alternatively, chemical vapour deposition from ZrC14 can be used to form a layer of ZrPt3 of electrodeposition may be used either from aqueous or fused salt electrolysis to give the requisite compound.
Whichever method is adopted the objective is to form a layer, preferably firmly adherent, of intermetallic compound on the superalloy, high strength structural alloy or other substrate.
In another technique the metals forming the intermetallic compound are prepared on an appropriate solution in water or an organic solvent. The compound is caused to deposit upon the metallic substrate by the addition of a reducing agent.
The metallic substrate is placed in the solution whilst the precipitation is taking place and becomes coated with a uniform, microcrystalline layer of the intermetallic compound. Where sputtering or plating is used to deposit the cladding this is preferably followed by a specific diffusion technique.
.,. : .
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T~aLE 1 Int~rmet~llic comlounds (.t PGI) ) n ordcr o~ mclti~ Point or dissocl~tion ~emT)c~turc -- .
_. . , Compound ~Iyt( C) Compound ~Ip-t( C) C~pound ~l~t( C) Com~ound ~Et(~ C
.
~fIr3 2470 TaRh(~1) ` 18GO TiI13 1550 Nt~Rh2 1~20 I~Ir3 2450 ~-VIr 1850 ErPd 1540 ~d n~- 1'r20 fIr 2~40 TiP-t 1833 Ccl~u2.1539 3 d4 1415 Nl)Ir3 2435 Y3Pt~) 1800 Al3Pt21521 ~hPd 1~12 3RU2 2300 HoPd3 1730 Ti31r(~) 1520 I4Pd~
TaP~ 2200 Zr2Pt 172~ 1~d 1500 ~lPd2 1410 9fPt5 2175 llf2Ir 1720 TlIr s~1500 ~l2Pt 1~iO6 ZrPt3 2154 OyPd3 1710 Tl~t s~1500 ~y~Pd5 1400 TiRu 2150 ~r~d3 1710 T~d3 )1500 Si4P~9 1400.
TiIr 2140 ~Pd3 '700 VPt 1500 SiPd 1~0 ~Pt3 2130 Prnu2 1681. ~rPd2 1480 :
Nb3Ir 2125 ZrPd3 j 1670 ~IoPd 1480 .
TaIr~C1) 2120 TaPd2 1670 ~cPd 1~65 Ir3Ti(~) 2115 N~2Pd 1650 '13P~5 1465 ZrPt 2104 GdPd3 1630 ~bPd 1'tGO . .
'~rnu 2100 AlPd 1630 TiPd~ 1~52 .
oC-~Ir3 2100 SmPd3 1620 ~d 1~50 TaRh~ ) 2100 Ndl~3 1600 1~r~Pd5 1450 N~Ir(~2) 1985 ZrPd 1600 DyPd 1450 . 3 ~Pd3 1600 cepd3 1437 .
Nbn~3 1950 ~Pt 1595 ~Ru2 1431 H~5Ir3 ~930 ~t5 1595 N~Rh(~3) 1~30 ~-~3Ir 1930 AlPt3 1556 4 5 TaPd3 1920 AlPt '554 ~uPd3 1425 .
_ . I
., ,~
~, ~., 6~8 Details of the strong but ductile phases found in the systems Ta-Rh, _-Ir, Nb-Rh and Nb-Ir __ Ductile Crystal Compos.Range System phase structure Stability Decomposition Ta-Rh ~1 orthorhombic 53.5-61 at.pct.Rh Peritectoid or hexagonal? at 1300 ~ 1860C
Ta-Ir dl orthorhombic 50.4 at.pct.Ir at Peritectic 1950C and 61~ 2120C
at pct. Ir at _ __ _ `
Nb-Rh ~2 Tetragonal 51.5 to 52.5 Peritectoid Llo AuCu at.pct. Rh 1200C -1360C
3 Orthorhombic ~54.0 to 55.5 Peritectoid ~l(Ta~-Rh) at.pct.Rh. at. - 1430C
_ _ _ _ 1200C
l~S6~1~
Pd Compounds TaPd TaPd3 TaPd2 HoPd3 HoPd Ho4Pd5 DyPd3 DyPd Y4 5 ExPd3 ExPd Ex~Pd5 YPd3 YPd Y4Pd5 ZxPd3 ZxPd ZxPd2 GdPd3 AlPd AlPd2 SmPd3 TiPd3 TiPd4 MnPd ThPd3 ThPd BePd YbPd Yb3Pd4 CePd3 EuPd3 Si4Pdg SiPd Rhodium C mpounds TaRh3 TaRh NbRh3 NbRh NdRh3 NdRh2 Nd4Rh3 ~`
~" ,~-~, , : . :. - . ~ . :
- , . .
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ilO~6~?8 Platinum comyounds ~fPt IIf t ZrPt3 ZrPt Zr2Pt 3 t Y3Pt VPt YPt YPt5 AlPt3 AlPt A13Pt2 A13Pt5 A~,Pt The invention also includes an article, such as a turbine blade formed from a high strength structural fllloy, to at least a part of the surface of which is applied a coating or cladding material according to this invention.
Preferably the coating of intermetallic compound on the surface o~ the article, i9 in tlle ~orm of a thin film the thickness of which is from 2 microns to 15 microns.
A number of different techniques may be employed to produce a thin film of the intermetallic compound coating material upon the surface of the metal substrate.
By way of example, aluminium may be deposited onto the surface of articles (e.g. gauzes, metallic monoliths and other forms of catalytic substrate by a pack-aluminising process. In this process the articles are packed into a heat-resistant container in an appropriate mixture of chemicals such that aluminium is transferred via the vapour phase .
6~
onto the article surface. At the aluminising temperature, typically 800-1000C, interaction between the platinum and aluminium occurs to give the required intermetallic compound.
Alternatively, chemical vapour deposition from ZrC14 can be used to form a layer of ZrPt3 of electrodeposition may be used either from aqueous or fused salt electrolysis to give the requisite compound.
Whichever method is adopted the objective is to form a layer, preferably firmly adherent, of intermetallic compound on the superalloy, high strength structural alloy or other substrate.
In another technique the metals forming the intermetallic compound are prepared on an appropriate solution in water or an organic solvent. The compound is caused to deposit upon the metallic substrate by the addition of a reducing agent.
The metallic substrate is placed in the solution whilst the precipitation is taking place and becomes coated with a uniform, microcrystalline layer of the intermetallic compound. Where sputtering or plating is used to deposit the cladding this is preferably followed by a specific diffusion technique.
.,. : .
: . . . . ~ - . . :
., ~ .
llQ~6~3 --: 7 ~
T~aLE 1 Int~rmet~llic comlounds (.t PGI) ) n ordcr o~ mclti~ Point or dissocl~tion ~emT)c~turc -- .
_. . , Compound ~Iyt( C) Compound ~Ip-t( C) C~pound ~l~t( C) Com~ound ~Et(~ C
.
~fIr3 2470 TaRh(~1) ` 18GO TiI13 1550 Nt~Rh2 1~20 I~Ir3 2450 ~-VIr 1850 ErPd 1540 ~d n~- 1'r20 fIr 2~40 TiP-t 1833 Ccl~u2.1539 3 d4 1415 Nl)Ir3 2435 Y3Pt~) 1800 Al3Pt21521 ~hPd 1~12 3RU2 2300 HoPd3 1730 Ti31r(~) 1520 I4Pd~
TaP~ 2200 Zr2Pt 172~ 1~d 1500 ~lPd2 1410 9fPt5 2175 llf2Ir 1720 TlIr s~1500 ~l2Pt 1~iO6 ZrPt3 2154 OyPd3 1710 Tl~t s~1500 ~y~Pd5 1400 TiRu 2150 ~r~d3 1710 T~d3 )1500 Si4P~9 1400.
TiIr 2140 ~Pd3 '700 VPt 1500 SiPd 1~0 ~Pt3 2130 Prnu2 1681. ~rPd2 1480 :
Nb3Ir 2125 ZrPd3 j 1670 ~IoPd 1480 .
TaIr~C1) 2120 TaPd2 1670 ~cPd 1~65 Ir3Ti(~) 2115 N~2Pd 1650 '13P~5 1465 ZrPt 2104 GdPd3 1630 ~bPd 1'tGO . .
'~rnu 2100 AlPd 1630 TiPd~ 1~52 .
oC-~Ir3 2100 SmPd3 1620 ~d 1~50 TaRh~ ) 2100 Ndl~3 1600 1~r~Pd5 1450 N~Ir(~2) 1985 ZrPd 1600 DyPd 1450 . 3 ~Pd3 1600 cepd3 1437 .
Nbn~3 1950 ~Pt 1595 ~Ru2 1431 H~5Ir3 ~930 ~t5 1595 N~Rh(~3) 1~30 ~-~3Ir 1930 AlPt3 1556 4 5 TaPd3 1920 AlPt '554 ~uPd3 1425 .
_ . I
., ,~
~, ~., 6~8 Details of the strong but ductile phases found in the systems Ta-Rh, _-Ir, Nb-Rh and Nb-Ir __ Ductile Crystal Compos.Range System phase structure Stability Decomposition Ta-Rh ~1 orthorhombic 53.5-61 at.pct.Rh Peritectoid or hexagonal? at 1300 ~ 1860C
Ta-Ir dl orthorhombic 50.4 at.pct.Ir at Peritectic 1950C and 61~ 2120C
at pct. Ir at _ __ _ `
Nb-Rh ~2 Tetragonal 51.5 to 52.5 Peritectoid Llo AuCu at.pct. Rh 1200C -1360C
3 Orthorhombic ~54.0 to 55.5 Peritectoid ~l(Ta~-Rh) at.pct.Rh. at. - 1430C
_ _ _ _ 1200C
4 Orthorhombic _56 to 58.5 at.Peritectoid B19 AuCd pct.Rh at 1400C ~-1600C
Eutectoid Nb-Ir ~ 2 Orthorhombic 54.5 to 59.5 Peritectic ~l(Ta-Rh) at.pct.Ir at- 1985C
_ _ 1700C
'' . .
;: , - , : :
. ' - ~: : :
.. - : . . ~
Eutectoid Nb-Ir ~ 2 Orthorhombic 54.5 to 59.5 Peritectic ~l(Ta-Rh) at.pct.Ir at- 1985C
_ _ 1700C
'' . .
;: , - , : :
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Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A coated or clad article consisting essentially of a high strength structural nickel- or copper-based superalloy substrate having an outer coating or cladding thereon which improves the corrosion and wear resistance of the substrate, said coating or cladding consisting of at least one intermetallic compound of the formula AxBy where A is Be, Al, Sc, Y, one of the lanthanides, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Th, V, Nb or Ta; B is Ru, Rh, Pd or Ir and x and y are integers ?1.
2. A material according to claim 1 wherein x and y?5.
3. An article according to claim 1 wherein the coating or cladding comprises a mixture of two or more of the said intermetallic compounds.
4. An article according to claim 1 wherein the coating or cladding is in the form of a thin film the thickness of which is from 2 to 15 microns.
5. An article according to claim 1 wherein the substrate is a turbine blade formed of a high strength structural alloy.
6. An article according to claim 1 wherein the substrate is a nickel-based superalloy.
7. An article according to claim 1 wherein the intermetallic compound is one wherein A is Nb or Ta, B is Rh or Ir and x and y are both 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB39578/77 | 1977-09-22 | ||
| GB3957877 | 1977-09-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1109698A true CA1109698A (en) | 1981-09-29 |
Family
ID=10410315
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA311,390A Expired CA1109698A (en) | 1977-09-22 | 1978-09-15 | Metallic substrate with intermetallic compound coating or cladding |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5461042A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE870560A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1109698A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2840994A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK418778A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2404050A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1099128B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7809456A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7809855L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4435321A1 (en) * | 1994-10-01 | 1996-04-04 | Abb Research Ltd | Turbine blade having low density, good mechanical strength and good oxidn resistance |
| US7704335B2 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2010-04-27 | General Electric Company | Refractory metal intermetallic composites based on niobium-silicides, and related articles |
| JP5146867B2 (en) * | 2006-08-18 | 2013-02-20 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | Heat resistant material with excellent high temperature durability |
-
1978
- 1978-09-15 CA CA311,390A patent/CA1109698A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-09-18 NL NL7809456A patent/NL7809456A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-09-18 BE BE190551A patent/BE870560A/en unknown
- 1978-09-19 FR FR7826840A patent/FR2404050A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-09-20 SE SE7809855A patent/SE7809855L/en unknown
- 1978-09-21 DE DE19782840994 patent/DE2840994A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-09-21 DK DK418778A patent/DK418778A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1978-09-21 IT IT7827924A patent/IT1099128B/en active
- 1978-09-22 JP JP11735078A patent/JPS5461042A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK418778A (en) | 1979-03-23 |
| IT1099128B (en) | 1985-09-18 |
| IT7827924A0 (en) | 1978-09-21 |
| JPS5461042A (en) | 1979-05-17 |
| SE7809855L (en) | 1979-03-23 |
| FR2404050A1 (en) | 1979-04-20 |
| DE2840994A1 (en) | 1979-04-05 |
| BE870560A (en) | 1979-01-15 |
| NL7809456A (en) | 1979-03-26 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |