CA1108317A - Use of anionic surfactants to aid in coal/water separation - Google Patents
Use of anionic surfactants to aid in coal/water separationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1108317A CA1108317A CA322,985A CA322985A CA1108317A CA 1108317 A CA1108317 A CA 1108317A CA 322985 A CA322985 A CA 322985A CA 1108317 A CA1108317 A CA 1108317A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- fines
- water
- sulfosuccinate
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/005—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for coal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/006—Hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/012—Organic compounds containing sulfur
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/08—Subsequent treatment of concentrated product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/04—Frothers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
- B03D2203/08—Coal ores, fly ash or soot
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention comprises a method of improving the separation of coal fines from water in froths produced by frothing coal with methylisobutyl carbonol and a hydrocarbon liquid which comprises treating said froth contain-ing the fines with a surfactant from the group consisting of fatty sulfosucci-nates, sulfated alpha olefins, and alkaryl sulfonates and then separating said fines from the water by either sedimentation or filtration or centrifugation or a combination of these unit operations.
The invention comprises a method of improving the separation of coal fines from water in froths produced by frothing coal with methylisobutyl carbonol and a hydrocarbon liquid which comprises treating said froth contain-ing the fines with a surfactant from the group consisting of fatty sulfosucci-nates, sulfated alpha olefins, and alkaryl sulfonates and then separating said fines from the water by either sedimentation or filtration or centrifugation or a combination of these unit operations.
Description
[l~T~OnUCI'-[Ol!T ~
Thl~ vent-;on relates ;o the recovery of coal fines. More s~cifically, it relates to a process of recovering finely divided coal ma~e flotable by the use of a frothing agenk which renders these particles more hydrophoblc in ~haracter.
In the processing of coal, there is inevitabl~ formed some very finely divided particles o~ coal and clay. Such finely divided particles pass through the wet sieving process as a slurry. Since there is a considerable amount of coal in such slurries, efforts are made t~ recover as much as posslble. Of particular relevance to this invention is the reco-~ery process which involves flotation of the coal fines coincident with the settling of the clay fines.
A co~mon frothing or flotation agent is methylisobutyl carbonol (MIBC) which is used in conjunction with a hydrocarbon liquid such
Thl~ vent-;on relates ;o the recovery of coal fines. More s~cifically, it relates to a process of recovering finely divided coal ma~e flotable by the use of a frothing agenk which renders these particles more hydrophoblc in ~haracter.
In the processing of coal, there is inevitabl~ formed some very finely divided particles o~ coal and clay. Such finely divided particles pass through the wet sieving process as a slurry. Since there is a considerable amount of coal in such slurries, efforts are made t~ recover as much as posslble. Of particular relevance to this invention is the reco-~ery process which involves flotation of the coal fines coincident with the settling of the clay fines.
A co~mon frothing or flotation agent is methylisobutyl carbonol (MIBC) which is used in conjunction with a hydrocarbon liquid such
2.S kerosene or a mineral oil. This flotation agent apparently causes the fine coal particles in the aqueous slurry to be re-ndered sufficiently hydrophobic to float~ -Centrifugation of the float or froth is sometimes used as ameans of concentrating or de-,ratering the coal fines. However;
separation is incomplete because of the hydropho~ic nature of the coal. This results in substantial losses of valuable coal~ If it were possible to treat the froth containing finely divided hydro- :
p'nobic coal with chemicals to improve the extractability of water from such fines, an improvement in the art of coal processing ould be afforded.
T~E INVENTION
The invention comprises a method of improving the separation of coal fines from water in froths produced by frothing coal with methylisobutyl carbonol and a hydrocarbon liquid which comprises treating said froth containing the fines with a surfactant from the group consisting of fatty sulfosuccinates~ sulfated alpha olefins, an~ alkaryl sulfonates and then separating said fines from the water by either sedimentation or filtration or centrifu-~ation or a combination of these unit operations.
~ 1 --~ nt=
The Sulfosuccinate Esters The sulEosuccinate esters used in the practice of the inven-tiOII may be either a mono alkyl sulfosuccinate or a dialkyl sulfo-.
succinate. The dialkyl sulfosuccinates are the p~eferred compounds.
The compounds are most commonly synthesized ~y reacting maleic anhydride with a atty alcohol, ol70wed by a ~urther reaction with sodi~n bisulfite~ which, in turn, is ~ollowed by product isolation and purîfication as re~uired. The synthesis of these types cf compounds is rather straight forward and is not the su~3e~t of tnis invention.
~ Jhen the monoal.kyl sulfosuccinates are used, the alkyl group shoulcl contain between 6 and 18 carbon atoms in an aliphatic group.ing and may be either straight or branch-~hained or even cycli.c~l.
When the dialkyl sulfosuccinates are employed, the alkyl groups should each contain ~etween 6 - 12 carbon atoms with dioctyl sulfosuccinate representing a preferred cc~mpound.
Listed belo~ are typica~ mono and dialkyl sulfosuccinates which may be used in the practice of the in~ention:
Monoalkyl Sulfosuccinates.
Octyl sulfosuccinate Octyl sodium sulfosuccinate -Potassium dodecyl sulfosuccinate Lauryl sodium sulfosuccinate Cyclohexyl sulfosuccinate 2-ethyl hexyl sulfosuccinate ~monium myristyl sulfosuccinate .' .
:' -2-.~ ' .
333.'7 Dialky1 Sulfosuccinates Dioctyl sulfosucoinate, Na salt Dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate, Na salt Diheptyl sulfosuccinater Ammonium sa1t Dilauryl potassium suIfosuccinate The sulfosuccinates o the invention may be used either as their water-solu~le salts such as the sodium, potassium, or ammonium sal~s, or they may be used in the ree acid form.
The alkyl group that derives ro~ the atty alcohol used can be anywhere rom a C6 to a Cl~ alcoho~. The alk~1 group may also contain branching, cycloalkyl functionality, aryl substitution, and additional unsaturation. A preferred diester is commonly referred to as dioctylsulfosucainate ~hereafter referred to as DOSS~
and is generally synthesized by reactin~ two moles of 2-ethyl hex-anol with one mole of maleic anhydride under acid catalysis followed by the reaction of~sodium bisulfite fhe Alkaryl Sulfonates ` These ~aterials are the monoalkyl~substituted benzenes which have been sulonated usually With S03. The~alkyl group should contain at least 6 carbon atoms although,~pxeferably, it contains 12 - 180 ~ A preferred materia] is dodecyl benzene sodium su1onate.
he Alpha OLe~A S~l~o~ate~ ~
m ese mate~ia}s are prepared by sulfating higher alkyl ~ ¦
alpha olefins which contain at least 6 and, p~e~erably, 12 - 18 carbon atoms.
..
Preferred Surfactant Compositions The preferred sur~faGtan~ composi~ions of the invention are the surfactants described above used in combinat~ion with from 5 -80% by weiyh~ and, preferably, 20 - 60% by weight, of a hydrophobic _3- !
separation is incomplete because of the hydropho~ic nature of the coal. This results in substantial losses of valuable coal~ If it were possible to treat the froth containing finely divided hydro- :
p'nobic coal with chemicals to improve the extractability of water from such fines, an improvement in the art of coal processing ould be afforded.
T~E INVENTION
The invention comprises a method of improving the separation of coal fines from water in froths produced by frothing coal with methylisobutyl carbonol and a hydrocarbon liquid which comprises treating said froth containing the fines with a surfactant from the group consisting of fatty sulfosuccinates~ sulfated alpha olefins, an~ alkaryl sulfonates and then separating said fines from the water by either sedimentation or filtration or centrifu-~ation or a combination of these unit operations.
~ 1 --~ nt=
The Sulfosuccinate Esters The sulEosuccinate esters used in the practice of the inven-tiOII may be either a mono alkyl sulfosuccinate or a dialkyl sulfo-.
succinate. The dialkyl sulfosuccinates are the p~eferred compounds.
The compounds are most commonly synthesized ~y reacting maleic anhydride with a atty alcohol, ol70wed by a ~urther reaction with sodi~n bisulfite~ which, in turn, is ~ollowed by product isolation and purîfication as re~uired. The synthesis of these types cf compounds is rather straight forward and is not the su~3e~t of tnis invention.
~ Jhen the monoal.kyl sulfosuccinates are used, the alkyl group shoulcl contain between 6 and 18 carbon atoms in an aliphatic group.ing and may be either straight or branch-~hained or even cycli.c~l.
When the dialkyl sulfosuccinates are employed, the alkyl groups should each contain ~etween 6 - 12 carbon atoms with dioctyl sulfosuccinate representing a preferred cc~mpound.
Listed belo~ are typica~ mono and dialkyl sulfosuccinates which may be used in the practice of the in~ention:
Monoalkyl Sulfosuccinates.
Octyl sulfosuccinate Octyl sodium sulfosuccinate -Potassium dodecyl sulfosuccinate Lauryl sodium sulfosuccinate Cyclohexyl sulfosuccinate 2-ethyl hexyl sulfosuccinate ~monium myristyl sulfosuccinate .' .
:' -2-.~ ' .
333.'7 Dialky1 Sulfosuccinates Dioctyl sulfosucoinate, Na salt Dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate, Na salt Diheptyl sulfosuccinater Ammonium sa1t Dilauryl potassium suIfosuccinate The sulfosuccinates o the invention may be used either as their water-solu~le salts such as the sodium, potassium, or ammonium sal~s, or they may be used in the ree acid form.
The alkyl group that derives ro~ the atty alcohol used can be anywhere rom a C6 to a Cl~ alcoho~. The alk~1 group may also contain branching, cycloalkyl functionality, aryl substitution, and additional unsaturation. A preferred diester is commonly referred to as dioctylsulfosucainate ~hereafter referred to as DOSS~
and is generally synthesized by reactin~ two moles of 2-ethyl hex-anol with one mole of maleic anhydride under acid catalysis followed by the reaction of~sodium bisulfite fhe Alkaryl Sulfonates ` These ~aterials are the monoalkyl~substituted benzenes which have been sulonated usually With S03. The~alkyl group should contain at least 6 carbon atoms although,~pxeferably, it contains 12 - 180 ~ A preferred materia] is dodecyl benzene sodium su1onate.
he Alpha OLe~A S~l~o~ate~ ~
m ese mate~ia}s are prepared by sulfating higher alkyl ~ ¦
alpha olefins which contain at least 6 and, p~e~erably, 12 - 18 carbon atoms.
..
Preferred Surfactant Compositions The preferred sur~faGtan~ composi~ions of the invention are the surfactants described above used in combinat~ion with from 5 -80% by weiyh~ and, preferably, 20 - 60% by weight, of a hydrophobic _3- !
3~
organic liquid which~ in a preferred embodiment o~ the inventior is ~ petroleum hydrocarbon liquid exemplified by kerosene, light fuel oils, naphthas, and the like. F'or some unexplalned reason, the hydrophobic liquid seems to synergize the action of the sur-factants in rendering the ~ine coal partlcles contained in the froth more extractable from the water.
DOSAGE
The amount of surfactant or surfactant with hydrophoblc liquid used to treat the froth based on coal present therein ranges from as little as O.l up to ~ lbs. per ton with a preferred dosage range being 0.05 - 1 lb. per ton.
To illustrate the invention, the following are presented by way o~
example.
A commercial coal slurry was used to conduct the tests. The slurry consisted of a water with the~top layer being;froth which was in the nature of a~ dry crusty layer. The coal contained ln the froth was approximately oP 3~5 mesh;si~æe The plant from which the sample was obtained used a mixture of kerosenè and MIBC as a ~frothing agent. The;froth~was subjected to centrifugakîon which, theoretically, separ~ted the coal from the water and remo~ed it ~rom the froth. A typical sample aftér centrifugation showed three dis-tinct layers: the bottom coal layer; a cloudy water layer; and an upper coal layer,~which upper layer was in the form of a thick crust. This upper layer fo~ned after centrifugation ~t was not capable of being wet by water. A sample whlch contained this crusty layer was treated~with 0.5 1~. per~ton of a composition comprising approximately~74~ by weight of mineral oil and 26% by weight of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. After treatment, the crusty particles were wetted by water and could be removed fro~
:~ _ 4 _ '3~7 the water by batch centrifug~tion. Usin~ a convent-ion,~l ~nionic pol~electrol~te of the type compr~sing an acrylamide ~0~, b~; weight acrylic acid h~vir~ a molecular treight o~ about 2 million improved the rate of separation.
Similar tests were run using approximately 1 lb. per ton of a dodecyl benzene sul~onic acid so~ium salt. This material was used both alone and blended with 60~ by weight of kerosene. In both cases, the coal contained in the froth layer was rendered water-wettable .
The dioctyl sulfosuccinate-mineral oil compbsition was actual]y used in ~he plant process pre~iously described~ It did not work too well when used to treat the P:~oth. It is believed this failure was due to short residence time of the coal slurry in the centri~
Puges designed for continuous oper~tion. When samples were taken into the laboratory and batch centri~ugation used, the coal Pines were readily separated from the froth with no crusty layer being formed.
.
.
.,~ ' ' , . ':
. . .
~ .
organic liquid which~ in a preferred embodiment o~ the inventior is ~ petroleum hydrocarbon liquid exemplified by kerosene, light fuel oils, naphthas, and the like. F'or some unexplalned reason, the hydrophobic liquid seems to synergize the action of the sur-factants in rendering the ~ine coal partlcles contained in the froth more extractable from the water.
DOSAGE
The amount of surfactant or surfactant with hydrophoblc liquid used to treat the froth based on coal present therein ranges from as little as O.l up to ~ lbs. per ton with a preferred dosage range being 0.05 - 1 lb. per ton.
To illustrate the invention, the following are presented by way o~
example.
A commercial coal slurry was used to conduct the tests. The slurry consisted of a water with the~top layer being;froth which was in the nature of a~ dry crusty layer. The coal contained ln the froth was approximately oP 3~5 mesh;si~æe The plant from which the sample was obtained used a mixture of kerosenè and MIBC as a ~frothing agent. The;froth~was subjected to centrifugakîon which, theoretically, separ~ted the coal from the water and remo~ed it ~rom the froth. A typical sample aftér centrifugation showed three dis-tinct layers: the bottom coal layer; a cloudy water layer; and an upper coal layer,~which upper layer was in the form of a thick crust. This upper layer fo~ned after centrifugation ~t was not capable of being wet by water. A sample whlch contained this crusty layer was treated~with 0.5 1~. per~ton of a composition comprising approximately~74~ by weight of mineral oil and 26% by weight of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. After treatment, the crusty particles were wetted by water and could be removed fro~
:~ _ 4 _ '3~7 the water by batch centrifug~tion. Usin~ a convent-ion,~l ~nionic pol~electrol~te of the type compr~sing an acrylamide ~0~, b~; weight acrylic acid h~vir~ a molecular treight o~ about 2 million improved the rate of separation.
Similar tests were run using approximately 1 lb. per ton of a dodecyl benzene sul~onic acid so~ium salt. This material was used both alone and blended with 60~ by weight of kerosene. In both cases, the coal contained in the froth layer was rendered water-wettable .
The dioctyl sulfosuccinate-mineral oil compbsition was actual]y used in ~he plant process pre~iously described~ It did not work too well when used to treat the P:~oth. It is believed this failure was due to short residence time of the coal slurry in the centri~
Puges designed for continuous oper~tion. When samples were taken into the laboratory and batch centri~ugation used, the coal Pines were readily separated from the froth with no crusty layer being formed.
.
.
.,~ ' ' , . ':
. . .
~ .
Claims (4)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of improving the separation of coal fines from aqueous floats or froths produced by frothing coal with methyliso-butyl carbonol and a hydrocarbon liquid which comprises treating said float containing the fines with a surfactant from the group consisting of fatty sulfosuccinates, sulfated alpha olefins, and alkaryl sulfonates and then extracting said fines from the float by sedimentation, filtration or centrifugation.
2. The method of Claim l where the surfactant is used in combination with from 5 - 80% by weight of a hydrocarbon liquid,
3. The method of Claim 1 where the fatty sulfosuccinate is a dioctyl sulfosuccinate.
4. The method of Claim 1 where the alkaryl sulphonate is a dodecyl benzene sodium sulphonate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA322,985A CA1108317A (en) | 1979-03-08 | 1979-03-08 | Use of anionic surfactants to aid in coal/water separation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA322,985A CA1108317A (en) | 1979-03-08 | 1979-03-08 | Use of anionic surfactants to aid in coal/water separation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1108317A true CA1108317A (en) | 1981-09-01 |
Family
ID=4113695
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA322,985A Expired CA1108317A (en) | 1979-03-08 | 1979-03-08 | Use of anionic surfactants to aid in coal/water separation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1108317A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4504385A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1985-03-12 | Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. | Ester-alcohol frothers for froth flotation of coal |
| US4589980A (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1986-05-20 | Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. | Promoters for froth flotation of coal |
| US5089142A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-02-18 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Methods for dewatering coal and mineral concentrates |
| US7090768B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 | 2006-08-15 | Page Pat | Surfactant for bitumen separation |
-
1979
- 1979-03-08 CA CA322,985A patent/CA1108317A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4589980A (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1986-05-20 | Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. | Promoters for froth flotation of coal |
| US4504385A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1985-03-12 | Sherex Chemical Company, Inc. | Ester-alcohol frothers for froth flotation of coal |
| US5089142A (en) * | 1990-10-30 | 1992-02-18 | Betz Laboratories, Inc. | Methods for dewatering coal and mineral concentrates |
| US7090768B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 | 2006-08-15 | Page Pat | Surfactant for bitumen separation |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |