CA1105571A - Non-marring spot weld tip - Google Patents
Non-marring spot weld tipInfo
- Publication number
- CA1105571A CA1105571A CA295,661A CA295661A CA1105571A CA 1105571 A CA1105571 A CA 1105571A CA 295661 A CA295661 A CA 295661A CA 1105571 A CA1105571 A CA 1105571A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- contactor
- workpiece
- welding
- support arm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
- B23K11/3009—Pressure electrodes
- B23K11/3018—Cooled pressure electrodes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Welding (AREA)
Abstract
NON-MARRING SPOT WELD TIP
Abstract of the Disclosure To prevent buckling and indentation of a panel being spot welded, a welding tip including an electrode of large load bearing and heat conducting surface is used to spread the load and also efficiently cool the workpiece. The large area elec-trode is a water cooled copper disk of large mass connected to a support arm by a coil spring. An electrical contactor on the support arm releasably engages the electrode to supply welding current thereto when welding pressure is applied to the workpiece by the welding gun. When the pressure is removed, the coil spring separates the electrode from the contactor.
Abstract of the Disclosure To prevent buckling and indentation of a panel being spot welded, a welding tip including an electrode of large load bearing and heat conducting surface is used to spread the load and also efficiently cool the workpiece. The large area elec-trode is a water cooled copper disk of large mass connected to a support arm by a coil spring. An electrical contactor on the support arm releasably engages the electrode to supply welding current thereto when welding pressure is applied to the workpiece by the welding gun. When the pressure is removed, the coil spring separates the electrode from the contactor.
Description
SPecification This invention relates to resistance spot welding tips and especially to such a tip for producing a spot weld without indenting or buckling a panel being welded.
Conventional spot welding equipment comprises a pair o opposed tips engaging opposite surfaces of panels to be welded together. The area of the tip contacting the panel ~0 or the workpiece approximates the cross-sectional area of the weld nugget. The nugget area is influenced by the amount of weld energy supplied to the weld and other factors, but the order of magnitude of the weld nugget area is comparable of the area of the tip. Spot welding practice calls for force to be applied by the tips to khe workpiece with the result that the indentation of the workpiece surface by the tips occurs. The tip indentation makes the spot weld undesirable for certain application because of its unsightly appearance.
Thus, if a roof panel of an automobile were to be s~ot welded in a region exposed to view, the indentation would be an 11~5S71 unexceptable blemish and would have to be treated by filling with solder or epoxy prior to painting of the panel in order to present an attractive appearar.ce.
In addition to electrode indentation, a second type of blemish which occurs with spot welding is buckling of the panel in the area surrounding the weld due to excessive heat-ing of the panel by heat transfer from the molten weld nugget.
It is therefore a general object of the invention to provide a resistance spot welding tip which does not mar one surface of the panel being welded.
Another object of the invention is to provide a spot welding tip which avoids indentation and buckling on the sur-face of the panel being welded.
The invention is carried out by providing a resistance welding tip of workpiece contact area substantially greater than that of the weld nugget to be produced for distributing the load over a wide surfac~ including regions of the panel not softened by the weld heating, and an arrangement to cool the electrode exceptionally well in order to cool the panel sufficiently to prevent panel bucklin~. In particular, a 1exible coupling between the electrode and its support arm allows electrical contact to be made between the two when welding pressure is applied between the workpiece but permits separation of the electrode rom intimate contact with the support arm when welding pressure is relieved.
~he above and other advantages will be made more apparent from t~e following specification taken in conjunction with the acc~mpanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts and wherein:
3Q Figure 1 is a perspective view of welding apparatus in~ludin~ a welding tip according to the invention, the tip being revealed in an exploded form, 11~5571 Figures 2 and 3 are elevational views of ~he apparatus of Figure 1 with the tip assembled and shown in weld pressure released and weld pressure applied conditions, respectively, and Figures 4 and S are cross-sectional views of welds made by conventional tips and the weld tip according to the inventions, respectively.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, a pair of overlapping steel panels lQ and 12 to be spot welded are placed between a l~wer spot welding tip 14 and an upper tip 16 both supported by a resistance spot welding gun, not shown, which provides welding pressure by urging both tips against the panels and welding current when required. The lower welding tip 14 comprises a conventional water cooled electrode of small diameter, say 5 to 10 millimeters whereas the upper tip includes a disk-like electrode 18 having a work-piece engaging surface of large diameter, say 70 millimeters.
The disk electrode 18 comprises a l~wer copper section 20 of large mass having a relatively thin bottom wall 22 and an upstanding peripheral rim 24 defining a cavity 26. A cover plate 28 of solid disk form is fastened over the lower member 20 to enclose the cavity 26. Water hoses 30 communicate through passages 31 in the rim 24 to circulate cooling water to the cavity 26 thereby cooling the electrode and particularly the central bottom wall 22 which bounds the cavity and engages the region of the panel 10 where a weld is to be made.
The tip 16 incl~ldes a contactor 32 secured to an upper support ~rm or anvil 34 through which welding current and force are supplied to the tip 16. The contactor 32 includes a depending frustro conical portion 35 formed in a `S57~
Morse taper. A hollow nylon bushing 36 includes a flange 3g extending radially outwardly and a downwardly extending sleeve portion 40. The bushing 36 is ~ormed with an internal Morse taper to allow quick mating connection to the contactor 32.
The bushing 36 and the contact 32 are so proportioned that when assembled, the contactor portion 35 extends d~wnwardly beyond the terminus of the sleeve 40. One end of a coil spring 42 is wrapped around and secured to the sleeve portion 40 of the bushing 36 and the other end is secured to the cover plate 28 of the electrode 18 by silver solder. The spring 42 is open wound and so dimensioned that normally the electrode 18 is spaced from the contactor 32 as shown in Figure 2 but during welding when welding force is applied to the electrode tips to urge them against the workpiece, the spring 42 is compressed causing the contactor 32 to engage the cover plate 28 of the electrode 18 as shown in Figure 3. The electrical contact between the contactor 32 and the electrode 18 being maintained only ~o long as the welding force is applied.
The primary function of the spring 42 is to allow flexible mounting of the electrode to the support arm 34 to facilitate automatic alignment of the electrode with the panel 10 in the event that the panel is positioned at an angle not normal to the axis of the contactor 3~. It will be under-stood that the work engaging bottom sur-face of the electrode 18 is planar ror operation on flat panels ~ut for use on rounded panels it is preferably shaped to conform to the curvature thereof in order to maintain a wide area of contact be~ween the electrode 18 and the panel 10.
A conventional spot welding gun would include a pair o-f opposed tips resembling the tip 14, the upper tip il~5571 being mounted, of course, on the support arm 34. When a spot weld is made with the conventional _ips, the result is that both panels 10 and 12, as shown in Figure 4, are indented by the tips in the region of the weld nugget 50 and in addition, the panels will buckle due to the high weld heat. When, how-ever, the welding tip 16, according to the invention is used, as sh~wn in Figure 5, the weld indentation occurs only on panel 12 due to penetration of the conventional tip 14 whereas the panel 10 remains flat due to the load being spread over a large area including portions of the panel not softened by the weld, and moreover the panel 10 does not buckle because of the efficient cooling by the electrode 18. In conventional spot welding practice, the support arm 34 and/or the welding tip are water cooled to some degree but not enough to prevent buckling of the panel, h~wever, the tip 16 according to this invention achieves more efficient cooliny. An example of weld parameters when an 0.047 inch inner panel is welded to an 0.035 inch outer panel is a welding force OL 600 pounds, 9,000 amperes for a nugget diameter of 0~ inch and a control sequence of squeeze - 7 cycles, weld - 10 cycles, hold - 1 cycle and off - 6 cycles at 60 Hz operation. ~nus welds can be made at the rate of more than ~wo per second.
In practice it has been found that although electrode indentation o~ panel 10 is prevented by this invention, a slightly raised spot may occur on the panel on the side adjacer.t electrvde 1~. ~liS small blemish is readily removed ~y light sanding prior to painting of the surace to provide an accept-able appearance, i.e., it is free ~rom any visible weld blemishes. By virtue of this invention, it is possible to make spot welds on e~posed areas of articles such a s automobile bodies where conventional spot welds are impractical because of their unsightly appearanceO It will thus be seen that the tip according to this invention is an improved spot weld tip effective to spot weld surfaces without buckling or indentation of one of the panel surfaces.
Conventional spot welding equipment comprises a pair o opposed tips engaging opposite surfaces of panels to be welded together. The area of the tip contacting the panel ~0 or the workpiece approximates the cross-sectional area of the weld nugget. The nugget area is influenced by the amount of weld energy supplied to the weld and other factors, but the order of magnitude of the weld nugget area is comparable of the area of the tip. Spot welding practice calls for force to be applied by the tips to khe workpiece with the result that the indentation of the workpiece surface by the tips occurs. The tip indentation makes the spot weld undesirable for certain application because of its unsightly appearance.
Thus, if a roof panel of an automobile were to be s~ot welded in a region exposed to view, the indentation would be an 11~5S71 unexceptable blemish and would have to be treated by filling with solder or epoxy prior to painting of the panel in order to present an attractive appearar.ce.
In addition to electrode indentation, a second type of blemish which occurs with spot welding is buckling of the panel in the area surrounding the weld due to excessive heat-ing of the panel by heat transfer from the molten weld nugget.
It is therefore a general object of the invention to provide a resistance spot welding tip which does not mar one surface of the panel being welded.
Another object of the invention is to provide a spot welding tip which avoids indentation and buckling on the sur-face of the panel being welded.
The invention is carried out by providing a resistance welding tip of workpiece contact area substantially greater than that of the weld nugget to be produced for distributing the load over a wide surfac~ including regions of the panel not softened by the weld heating, and an arrangement to cool the electrode exceptionally well in order to cool the panel sufficiently to prevent panel bucklin~. In particular, a 1exible coupling between the electrode and its support arm allows electrical contact to be made between the two when welding pressure is applied between the workpiece but permits separation of the electrode rom intimate contact with the support arm when welding pressure is relieved.
~he above and other advantages will be made more apparent from t~e following specification taken in conjunction with the acc~mpanying drawings wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts and wherein:
3Q Figure 1 is a perspective view of welding apparatus in~ludin~ a welding tip according to the invention, the tip being revealed in an exploded form, 11~5571 Figures 2 and 3 are elevational views of ~he apparatus of Figure 1 with the tip assembled and shown in weld pressure released and weld pressure applied conditions, respectively, and Figures 4 and S are cross-sectional views of welds made by conventional tips and the weld tip according to the inventions, respectively.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings, a pair of overlapping steel panels lQ and 12 to be spot welded are placed between a l~wer spot welding tip 14 and an upper tip 16 both supported by a resistance spot welding gun, not shown, which provides welding pressure by urging both tips against the panels and welding current when required. The lower welding tip 14 comprises a conventional water cooled electrode of small diameter, say 5 to 10 millimeters whereas the upper tip includes a disk-like electrode 18 having a work-piece engaging surface of large diameter, say 70 millimeters.
The disk electrode 18 comprises a l~wer copper section 20 of large mass having a relatively thin bottom wall 22 and an upstanding peripheral rim 24 defining a cavity 26. A cover plate 28 of solid disk form is fastened over the lower member 20 to enclose the cavity 26. Water hoses 30 communicate through passages 31 in the rim 24 to circulate cooling water to the cavity 26 thereby cooling the electrode and particularly the central bottom wall 22 which bounds the cavity and engages the region of the panel 10 where a weld is to be made.
The tip 16 incl~ldes a contactor 32 secured to an upper support ~rm or anvil 34 through which welding current and force are supplied to the tip 16. The contactor 32 includes a depending frustro conical portion 35 formed in a `S57~
Morse taper. A hollow nylon bushing 36 includes a flange 3g extending radially outwardly and a downwardly extending sleeve portion 40. The bushing 36 is ~ormed with an internal Morse taper to allow quick mating connection to the contactor 32.
The bushing 36 and the contact 32 are so proportioned that when assembled, the contactor portion 35 extends d~wnwardly beyond the terminus of the sleeve 40. One end of a coil spring 42 is wrapped around and secured to the sleeve portion 40 of the bushing 36 and the other end is secured to the cover plate 28 of the electrode 18 by silver solder. The spring 42 is open wound and so dimensioned that normally the electrode 18 is spaced from the contactor 32 as shown in Figure 2 but during welding when welding force is applied to the electrode tips to urge them against the workpiece, the spring 42 is compressed causing the contactor 32 to engage the cover plate 28 of the electrode 18 as shown in Figure 3. The electrical contact between the contactor 32 and the electrode 18 being maintained only ~o long as the welding force is applied.
The primary function of the spring 42 is to allow flexible mounting of the electrode to the support arm 34 to facilitate automatic alignment of the electrode with the panel 10 in the event that the panel is positioned at an angle not normal to the axis of the contactor 3~. It will be under-stood that the work engaging bottom sur-face of the electrode 18 is planar ror operation on flat panels ~ut for use on rounded panels it is preferably shaped to conform to the curvature thereof in order to maintain a wide area of contact be~ween the electrode 18 and the panel 10.
A conventional spot welding gun would include a pair o-f opposed tips resembling the tip 14, the upper tip il~5571 being mounted, of course, on the support arm 34. When a spot weld is made with the conventional _ips, the result is that both panels 10 and 12, as shown in Figure 4, are indented by the tips in the region of the weld nugget 50 and in addition, the panels will buckle due to the high weld heat. When, how-ever, the welding tip 16, according to the invention is used, as sh~wn in Figure 5, the weld indentation occurs only on panel 12 due to penetration of the conventional tip 14 whereas the panel 10 remains flat due to the load being spread over a large area including portions of the panel not softened by the weld, and moreover the panel 10 does not buckle because of the efficient cooling by the electrode 18. In conventional spot welding practice, the support arm 34 and/or the welding tip are water cooled to some degree but not enough to prevent buckling of the panel, h~wever, the tip 16 according to this invention achieves more efficient cooliny. An example of weld parameters when an 0.047 inch inner panel is welded to an 0.035 inch outer panel is a welding force OL 600 pounds, 9,000 amperes for a nugget diameter of 0~ inch and a control sequence of squeeze - 7 cycles, weld - 10 cycles, hold - 1 cycle and off - 6 cycles at 60 Hz operation. ~nus welds can be made at the rate of more than ~wo per second.
In practice it has been found that although electrode indentation o~ panel 10 is prevented by this invention, a slightly raised spot may occur on the panel on the side adjacer.t electrvde 1~. ~liS small blemish is readily removed ~y light sanding prior to painting of the surace to provide an accept-able appearance, i.e., it is free ~rom any visible weld blemishes. By virtue of this invention, it is possible to make spot welds on e~posed areas of articles such a s automobile bodies where conventional spot welds are impractical because of their unsightly appearanceO It will thus be seen that the tip according to this invention is an improved spot weld tip effective to spot weld surfaces without buckling or indentation of one of the panel surfaces.
Claims (5)
1. In a spot welding gun having a first conventional welding tip with a workpiece contacting surface comparable in area to the area of the weld nugget to be produced in the work-piece and a second welding tip carried by a support arm in opposition to the first welding tip, the second tip comprising;
a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, an electrode having a first surface for selective engagement with the said contactor and an opposed second surface having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, a cooling cavity between the first and second surfaces of the electrode, means for circulating cooling water to the cavity whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the workpiece, coupling means flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a position normally spaced from the contactor and allow-ing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into contact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the second electrode surface to intimately engage the workpiece for efficient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, an electrode having a first surface for selective engagement with the said contactor and an opposed second surface having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, a cooling cavity between the first and second surfaces of the electrode, means for circulating cooling water to the cavity whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the workpiece, coupling means flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a position normally spaced from the contactor and allow-ing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into contact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the second electrode surface to intimately engage the workpiece for efficient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
2. In a spot welding gun having a first conventional welding tip with a workpiece contacting surface comparable in area to the area of the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece and a second welding tip carried by a support arm in opposition to the first welding tip, the second tip com-prising; a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, an electrode having a first surface for selective engagement with the said contactor and an opposed second surface having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, a cooling cavity between the first and second surfaces of the elec-trode, means for circulating cooling water to the cavity whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the workpiece, coupling means comprising a coil spring having one end connected to the support arm and the other end connected to the electrode for flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a posi-tion normally spaced from the contactor and allowing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into contact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the second electrode surface to intimately engage the workpiece for effi-cient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
3. In a spot welding gun having a first conventional welding tip with a workpiece contacting surface comparable in area to the area of the weld nugget to be produced in the work-piece and a second welding tip carried by a support arm in opposition to the first welding tip, the second tip comprising;
a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, an electrode having a first surface for selec-tive engagement with the said contact and an opposed second surface having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, a cooling cavity between the first and second surfaces of the electrode, means for circulating cooling water to the cavity whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the workpiece, coupling means comprising a coil spring aligned with the contactor and having one end connected to the contactor and the other end connected to the electrode and insulation means interposed between one end of the spring and the contactor to which it is connected, the coupling means flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a position normally spaced from the contactor and allowing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into contact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the second electrode surface to intimately engage the workpiece for efficient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, an electrode having a first surface for selec-tive engagement with the said contact and an opposed second surface having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, a cooling cavity between the first and second surfaces of the electrode, means for circulating cooling water to the cavity whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the workpiece, coupling means comprising a coil spring aligned with the contactor and having one end connected to the contactor and the other end connected to the electrode and insulation means interposed between one end of the spring and the contactor to which it is connected, the coupling means flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a position normally spaced from the contactor and allowing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into contact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the second electrode surface to intimately engage the workpiece for efficient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
4. In a spot welding gun having a first conventional welding tip with a workpiece contacting surface comparable in area to the area of the weld nugget to be produced in the work-piece and a second welding tip carried by a support arm in opposition to the first welding tip, the second tip comprising;
a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, a cylindrical electrode having a top end wall for selective engagement with the said contactor and an opposed bottom wall having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, a cooling cavity between and bounded by the top and bottom walls of the electrode, means for circulating cooling water to the cavity whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the work-piece, the bottom wall of the electrode between the workpiece engaging area and the cavity being relatively thin in the region opposed to the first welding tip to permit efficient transfer of heat from the region of the weld nugget to the cooling water, coupling means flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a position normally spaced from the con-tactor and allowing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into con-tact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the electrode bottom wall to intimately engage the work-piece for efficient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, a cylindrical electrode having a top end wall for selective engagement with the said contactor and an opposed bottom wall having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, a cooling cavity between and bounded by the top and bottom walls of the electrode, means for circulating cooling water to the cavity whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the work-piece, the bottom wall of the electrode between the workpiece engaging area and the cavity being relatively thin in the region opposed to the first welding tip to permit efficient transfer of heat from the region of the weld nugget to the cooling water, coupling means flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a position normally spaced from the con-tactor and allowing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into con-tact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the electrode bottom wall to intimately engage the work-piece for efficient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
5. In a spot welding gun having a first conventional welding tip with a workpiece contacting surface comparable in area to the area of the weld nugget to be produced in the work-piece and a second welding tip carried by a support arm in opposition to the first welding tip, the second tip comprising;
a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, an electrode having a first surface for selec-tive engagement with the said contactor and an opposed second surface having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, means for circulating cooling water to the electrode whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the workpiece, coupling means flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a posi-tion normally spaced from the contactor and allowing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into contact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the second electrode surface to intimately engage the workpiece for effi-cient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
a conductive contactor secured to the support arm for carrying welding current, an electrode having a first surface for selec-tive engagement with the said contactor and an opposed second surface having a workpiece engaging area many times larger than the weld nugget to be produced in the workpiece, means for circulating cooling water to the electrode whereby heat is extracted from the electrode and the workpiece, coupling means flexibly connecting the electrode to the support arm in a posi-tion normally spaced from the contactor and allowing contact between the contactor and electrode in response to welding gun pressure whereby the contactor and electrode are normally biased apart and are movable into contact during a welding interval, and the flexible coupling means allows the second electrode surface to intimately engage the workpiece for effi-cient thermal and electrical conduction and wide area load distribution.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US77901677A | 1977-03-18 | 1977-03-18 | |
| US779,016 | 1977-03-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1105571A true CA1105571A (en) | 1981-07-21 |
Family
ID=25115058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA295,661A Expired CA1105571A (en) | 1977-03-18 | 1978-01-25 | Non-marring spot weld tip |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1105571A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2809297C3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1595651A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016225831A1 (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2018-03-29 | Adient Luxembourg Holding S.a.r.l. | Clamping element for a clamping device for welding workpieces and clamping device |
| CN107999946A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-08 | 江苏瑞凌新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of mash welder |
-
1978
- 1978-01-25 CA CA295,661A patent/CA1105571A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-23 GB GB724378A patent/GB1595651A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-02 DE DE19782809297 patent/DE2809297C3/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2809297B2 (en) | 1979-11-22 |
| GB1595651A (en) | 1981-08-12 |
| DE2809297A1 (en) | 1978-09-21 |
| DE2809297C3 (en) | 1980-08-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |