CA1104897A - Compression sleeve - Google Patents
Compression sleeveInfo
- Publication number
- CA1104897A CA1104897A CA363,975A CA363975A CA1104897A CA 1104897 A CA1104897 A CA 1104897A CA 363975 A CA363975 A CA 363975A CA 1104897 A CA1104897 A CA 1104897A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sleeve
- patient
- limb
- sleeves
- chambers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Massaging Devices (AREA)
Abstract
COMPRESSION SLEEVE
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A compression sleeve for applying compressive pressures against a patient's limb from a source of pressurized fluid. The sleeve has a plurality of separate fluid pressure chambers arranged longitudinally along the sleeve, and a sizer portion located inter-mediate a pair of adjoining pressure chambers to permit adjustment of the sleeve to limbs of varying sizes. The sizer portion may comprise a ventilation chamber having a plurality of openings for ventilating the patient's limb with air during use of the sleeve.
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A compression sleeve for applying compressive pressures against a patient's limb from a source of pressurized fluid. The sleeve has a plurality of separate fluid pressure chambers arranged longitudinally along the sleeve, and a sizer portion located inter-mediate a pair of adjoining pressure chambers to permit adjustment of the sleeve to limbs of varying sizes. The sizer portion may comprise a ventilation chamber having a plurality of openings for ventilating the patient's limb with air during use of the sleeve.
Description
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to therapeutic and pro-phylactic devices,and more particularly to sleeves for applying compressive pressures against a patient's limb.
It is known that the velocity of blood flow in a patient's extremities, particularly the leys, markedly decreases during confinement of the patient. Such pooling or stasis of blood is particularly pronounced during surgery, immediately after surgery, and when the patient has ~een confine~ to bed for ex~ended periods of time. It is also known that stasis of blood is a significant cause leading to the formation o thrombi in the patient's extremities, which may have a s~vere deleterious effect - on the pAtient, including death. A~ditionally, in certain patients it is desirable to move flui2 out of interstitial spaces in extremity tissues, in oraer to reduce swelling associated with edema in the extremities~
Devices have been proposed for use in increasing the ~elocity of blood ~low through the patient's limbs and minimizing edema, such as the devices disclosed in applicani's copending applications Serial Nos. ~25,990 and 6?6,018, filed October 28, 1975, and incorporated herein by reference. These devices com-prise a compression sleeve and a controller for sequentially inflating and deflating pressure chambers in the sleeve~ It is ; desirable that such sleeves may be adjusted to the size of a par-ticular patient in order to permit use of thè sleeve on patients of varying leg sizes~ Additionally, the sleeves may tightly enclose the patient's limb, and it is desirable to increase ven-tilation o~ the patient's limb beneath the sleeve.
: . ' .
.~ ' ' ' ' ' ~' ' .
'' ' : . .
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
. . . _ . .
A principal feature of the present invention is the -provision of an improved compression sleeve for applying compres-sive pressures against a patient's limb.
The sleeve of the present invention comprises, a plural-ity of separate fluid pressure chambers arranged longitudinally along the sleevej-and a sizer portion located intermediate a pair of adjoining pressure chambers. The sizer portion has a suf~i-cient length to permit adjustment of the sleeve between a first position with the adjoining chambers being spaced apart a rela-tively small distance and a second position with the adjoining chambers being spaced from each other a relatively large distance.
A feature of the present invention is that the sizer portion permits adjustment of the sleeve pressure chambers on limbs of varying sizes.
~nother feature of the present invention is that the sizer portion may comprise a ventilation chamber having a plural-ity of openings communicating with the ventilation chamber an~
facing the patient's limb.
Thus, a feature of the present invention is that air may be passed into the ventilation chamber and through the open ~` ings to ventilate the patientis limb during use of the sleeve.
~ Further features will become more fully apparent in the `~ following descriE~tion of the embodiments of this invention and ` 2~ from the appendecl claims.
:- .
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawinqs:
'~
: -2-`: ` `: `
, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a com~ression device having a pair of compression sleeves of the present invention;
Fig. ~ is a fragmentary front plan view of the compres-sion sleeve of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a back plan view of the sleeve of Fi~. 2;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken substantially as indi-cated along the line 4--4 of Fig~ 3;
Fig. 5 is a sectional view-of a sixer portion in the sleeve as folded to reduce thQ length of the sleeve; and Fig. 6 is a fragmentary front plan view of another embodiment o the sleeve of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION O~ T~E PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
.... ..
Referring now to Fig. 1, there is shown a compression device generally designated 20 for applYlng compressive pressures : 15 against a patient's extremities, such as the legs. The compres-sion device 2~ has a control apparatus 22, and a pair of compres-.
sion sleeves 26 for enclosing lengths of the patient's legs. As disclosed in applicantls copending aPplications Serial Nos.
625,990 and 626,018~ the control apParatuS intermittently forms one or more fluid pressure pulses from a source S of pressurized gas during periodic compression or inflation cycles, and the pulses are ~eParately applied to the sleeves 26 through two sets of conduits 34a and 34b which are separately connected to the sleeves. Also, the sleeves are intermittently deflated b~ the control apParatUS 2~ during periodic deflation or decompression cycles between the compression cycles.
As shown in Figs. 2-4, the sleeves 26 have a pair of ~` ' .
~` ' ' ~ ' ' ' i~,, ~ .
~.
7 '~
flexible outer and inner sheets 36 and 38 which are made from a fluid imper~.ious mate~ial~ such as pol w inyl chloride. The sheets 36 and 38 have a pair of s:ide edges 40a and 40b, and a pair of end edges 42a and 42b connecting t~e side edges 40a and : 5 bt A~ shown in Fig$~ 3 and 4, the sheets have a plurality of laterally extending lines a4, such as line~ of sealing~ and a pair of longitudinally extending lines 46, such as lines of seal-in~r connectin~ the sheets 36 an~ 38 to~ether and connecting enls of the lateral line~ 44~ ~s shown. The connecting lines 44 and 46 define a plurality of pressuxe chambers 48a~ 48b, 48Cr 48d, 48er and 48f which extend laterall~ ~n the sheet~ and which are disposed longitudinallv in the sleeve between the end edaes 42a and 4~b~ ~hen the sleeve ~s placed an the patient's leg~ the lowermost chamber 48a i5 located on a lower part o~ the leg adja-cent-the atient'~ ankle, while the uppermost chamber is located on an upper part of the leg adjacent the mid-thigh..
- As shown, the sleeve 26 has a pair of lines 44' and 44"
defining a vent~lation chamber or sizing portion 50 which extends between the adjoining pressure chambers 48d and 48e, such that the ventilating chamber 50 separates the pressure chambers into a set of lower contiguous chambers 48a, b, c, and d, and a set of upper contiguous chambers 48e and f. The inner sheet 38 has a plurality of ventilation openings 52 extending through the sheet 38 and communicating with the ventilation chamber 50~ In addi-tionj the ventilation chamber 50 has a sufficient length to permitmovement of the sleeve between a first position with the adjoining ; chambers 48d and e being spaced apart a relatively small distance and a second position with the adjoining chambers 48d and e being .
!
.
` ' _4_ .
spaced from each other a relatively large distance. In one form, the ventilating chamber 50 may have a lenyth approximately the same as the pressure chambers 48a-f.
In a preferrea embodiment, the side edges 4Oa and 4Ob and the connecting lines 46 are tapered from the end edge 42a toward the end edge 42b. Thus, the sleeve 26 has a reduced con-figuration adjacent its lower end to facilitate placement of the sleeve on the more narrow regions of the leg adjacent the patient's ankles. Moxeover, it will be seen that the connecting lines 44 and 46 define chambers having volumes which progressively increase in si~e from the lowermost pressure chamber 48a to the uppermost pressure chamber 48f. The relative size of the chambers facili-tates the device to develop a compressive pressure gradient dur-ing the compression or inflation cycles which decreases from a 1~ lower part of the sleeve adjacent the end edge 42b toward an upper part of the sleeve adjacent the end edge 42a. As shown in Fig. 2, the sleeves 26 have a plurality of connectors 58 which are secured to the sheet 36 and which communicate wi~h the sepa-rate pressure chambers and ventilation chamber in the sleeve 26.
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the connectors 58 are secured to the conduits 34a and b, such that the conduits separately communicate with the pressure chambers and ventilation chamber in the sleeve through the connectors 58.
As best shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the sleeves 26 may have a plurality of hook and loop strips 60 and 62, respectively, to releasably secure the sleeves about the patient's legs. The hook strips 60 extend past one of the side edges 4Ob of the sleeve, while the loop strips 62 are secured to the outside of the outer : , .
_5_ sheet 36. During pla~ement, the sleeves 26 are wrapped around the patient's legs with the inner sheet 38 and ventilating open-ings 52 facing the legs, and the hook strips 60 are releasably attached to the associated loop strips 62 on the outside of the sleeves in order to secure the sleeves on the legs and confine movement of the sleeves away from the patient's legs when inflated during operation of the device.
In use, the control apparatus 2Z intermittently inflates the pressure chambers 48a-f in a manner producing.a com-pressive pressure gradient which progressively decreases from aIower to upper portion of the sleeve. After the compression cycles have been completed, the control apparatus 22 deflates the pressure chambers during periodic decompression cycles between the compression cycles, after which the control apparatus 22 repeats the compression cycles.
In addition, the control apparatus passes air through the conduits 34a and b associated with the ventilation chambers 50 in the sleeves 26, and the air passes from the ventilation chambers 50 through the openings 52 against the patient's legs.
In this manner, the compression device 20 causes passage of air between the sleeves 26 and the patient's limbs in order to venti- -late the patient's lègs during use of the device. The air may be continuously supplied to the ventilating chambers, or, if desired, only during the decompression cycles when the sleeves are more loosely fitted about the limbs.
The ventilation chamber 50 also comprises a sizing por-tion of the sleeve in order to permit adjustment of the sleeve on limbs of varying lengths. Thus, for a patient having relatively ~ .
415~
long legs, the sleeves ~6 are secured about the patient's limbs with the ventilation chambers 50 in a generally planar configura-tion such that the adjoining chambexs 48d and e are spaced apart a relatively large distance in their second position. For a patient having relatively short legs, the ventilation chambers or sizing portions 50 are folded about a laterally extending cen~
tral fold line 54, such that the effective length of the sleeves 26 between the ~djoining chambers 48d and e is reduced in their first position. Thus, the sleeves 26 are secured about the patient's legs with the sizing portions 50 folded into a configu-- ration of reduced longitudinal dimensions, and with the pressure chambers located at the proper position on -the patient's l~gs.
ID this manner, the compression sleeves 26 may be readily adjusted to the particular size of the patient's limbs in order to obtain proper placement of the pressure chambers on the patient's limbs ` and minimize the number of sleeves of differing lengths which ~; would otherwise be required to properly fit patients of varying leg sizes. In a preferred form, the sleeve sizing portions 50 are located in the region of the patient's knees whether the sleeves are secured about the patient's legs in their reduced or enlarged configuration.
Another embodiment of the present invention is illus-trated in Fig. 6, in which like reference numerals designate like ~ parts. In this embodiment, the sizing portion 50' is uninflated ; 25 during use of the device. The sizing portion may comprise a closed chamber, or, if desired, may comprise a seal extending between the adjoining chambers 48d and e. The sizing portion 50' may be utllized to shorten or lengthen the compression sleeves .
~ -7~
?,~7 for patients with varying leg si~es in a manner as previously described.
The foregoing detailed descriptic~n is given for clear-ness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art~
' :
.
.
The present invention relates to therapeutic and pro-phylactic devices,and more particularly to sleeves for applying compressive pressures against a patient's limb.
It is known that the velocity of blood flow in a patient's extremities, particularly the leys, markedly decreases during confinement of the patient. Such pooling or stasis of blood is particularly pronounced during surgery, immediately after surgery, and when the patient has ~een confine~ to bed for ex~ended periods of time. It is also known that stasis of blood is a significant cause leading to the formation o thrombi in the patient's extremities, which may have a s~vere deleterious effect - on the pAtient, including death. A~ditionally, in certain patients it is desirable to move flui2 out of interstitial spaces in extremity tissues, in oraer to reduce swelling associated with edema in the extremities~
Devices have been proposed for use in increasing the ~elocity of blood ~low through the patient's limbs and minimizing edema, such as the devices disclosed in applicani's copending applications Serial Nos. ~25,990 and 6?6,018, filed October 28, 1975, and incorporated herein by reference. These devices com-prise a compression sleeve and a controller for sequentially inflating and deflating pressure chambers in the sleeve~ It is ; desirable that such sleeves may be adjusted to the size of a par-ticular patient in order to permit use of thè sleeve on patients of varying leg sizes~ Additionally, the sleeves may tightly enclose the patient's limb, and it is desirable to increase ven-tilation o~ the patient's limb beneath the sleeve.
: . ' .
.~ ' ' ' ' ' ~' ' .
'' ' : . .
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
. . . _ . .
A principal feature of the present invention is the -provision of an improved compression sleeve for applying compres-sive pressures against a patient's limb.
The sleeve of the present invention comprises, a plural-ity of separate fluid pressure chambers arranged longitudinally along the sleevej-and a sizer portion located intermediate a pair of adjoining pressure chambers. The sizer portion has a suf~i-cient length to permit adjustment of the sleeve between a first position with the adjoining chambers being spaced apart a rela-tively small distance and a second position with the adjoining chambers being spaced from each other a relatively large distance.
A feature of the present invention is that the sizer portion permits adjustment of the sleeve pressure chambers on limbs of varying sizes.
~nother feature of the present invention is that the sizer portion may comprise a ventilation chamber having a plural-ity of openings communicating with the ventilation chamber an~
facing the patient's limb.
Thus, a feature of the present invention is that air may be passed into the ventilation chamber and through the open ~` ings to ventilate the patientis limb during use of the sleeve.
~ Further features will become more fully apparent in the `~ following descriE~tion of the embodiments of this invention and ` 2~ from the appendecl claims.
:- .
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawinqs:
'~
: -2-`: ` `: `
, Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a com~ression device having a pair of compression sleeves of the present invention;
Fig. ~ is a fragmentary front plan view of the compres-sion sleeve of Fig. l;
Fig. 3 is a back plan view of the sleeve of Fi~. 2;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken substantially as indi-cated along the line 4--4 of Fig~ 3;
Fig. 5 is a sectional view-of a sixer portion in the sleeve as folded to reduce thQ length of the sleeve; and Fig. 6 is a fragmentary front plan view of another embodiment o the sleeve of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION O~ T~E PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
.... ..
Referring now to Fig. 1, there is shown a compression device generally designated 20 for applYlng compressive pressures : 15 against a patient's extremities, such as the legs. The compres-sion device 2~ has a control apparatus 22, and a pair of compres-.
sion sleeves 26 for enclosing lengths of the patient's legs. As disclosed in applicantls copending aPplications Serial Nos.
625,990 and 626,018~ the control apParatuS intermittently forms one or more fluid pressure pulses from a source S of pressurized gas during periodic compression or inflation cycles, and the pulses are ~eParately applied to the sleeves 26 through two sets of conduits 34a and 34b which are separately connected to the sleeves. Also, the sleeves are intermittently deflated b~ the control apParatUS 2~ during periodic deflation or decompression cycles between the compression cycles.
As shown in Figs. 2-4, the sleeves 26 have a pair of ~` ' .
~` ' ' ~ ' ' ' i~,, ~ .
~.
7 '~
flexible outer and inner sheets 36 and 38 which are made from a fluid imper~.ious mate~ial~ such as pol w inyl chloride. The sheets 36 and 38 have a pair of s:ide edges 40a and 40b, and a pair of end edges 42a and 42b connecting t~e side edges 40a and : 5 bt A~ shown in Fig$~ 3 and 4, the sheets have a plurality of laterally extending lines a4, such as line~ of sealing~ and a pair of longitudinally extending lines 46, such as lines of seal-in~r connectin~ the sheets 36 an~ 38 to~ether and connecting enls of the lateral line~ 44~ ~s shown. The connecting lines 44 and 46 define a plurality of pressuxe chambers 48a~ 48b, 48Cr 48d, 48er and 48f which extend laterall~ ~n the sheet~ and which are disposed longitudinallv in the sleeve between the end edaes 42a and 4~b~ ~hen the sleeve ~s placed an the patient's leg~ the lowermost chamber 48a i5 located on a lower part o~ the leg adja-cent-the atient'~ ankle, while the uppermost chamber is located on an upper part of the leg adjacent the mid-thigh..
- As shown, the sleeve 26 has a pair of lines 44' and 44"
defining a vent~lation chamber or sizing portion 50 which extends between the adjoining pressure chambers 48d and 48e, such that the ventilating chamber 50 separates the pressure chambers into a set of lower contiguous chambers 48a, b, c, and d, and a set of upper contiguous chambers 48e and f. The inner sheet 38 has a plurality of ventilation openings 52 extending through the sheet 38 and communicating with the ventilation chamber 50~ In addi-tionj the ventilation chamber 50 has a sufficient length to permitmovement of the sleeve between a first position with the adjoining ; chambers 48d and e being spaced apart a relatively small distance and a second position with the adjoining chambers 48d and e being .
!
.
` ' _4_ .
spaced from each other a relatively large distance. In one form, the ventilating chamber 50 may have a lenyth approximately the same as the pressure chambers 48a-f.
In a preferrea embodiment, the side edges 4Oa and 4Ob and the connecting lines 46 are tapered from the end edge 42a toward the end edge 42b. Thus, the sleeve 26 has a reduced con-figuration adjacent its lower end to facilitate placement of the sleeve on the more narrow regions of the leg adjacent the patient's ankles. Moxeover, it will be seen that the connecting lines 44 and 46 define chambers having volumes which progressively increase in si~e from the lowermost pressure chamber 48a to the uppermost pressure chamber 48f. The relative size of the chambers facili-tates the device to develop a compressive pressure gradient dur-ing the compression or inflation cycles which decreases from a 1~ lower part of the sleeve adjacent the end edge 42b toward an upper part of the sleeve adjacent the end edge 42a. As shown in Fig. 2, the sleeves 26 have a plurality of connectors 58 which are secured to the sheet 36 and which communicate wi~h the sepa-rate pressure chambers and ventilation chamber in the sleeve 26.
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the connectors 58 are secured to the conduits 34a and b, such that the conduits separately communicate with the pressure chambers and ventilation chamber in the sleeve through the connectors 58.
As best shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the sleeves 26 may have a plurality of hook and loop strips 60 and 62, respectively, to releasably secure the sleeves about the patient's legs. The hook strips 60 extend past one of the side edges 4Ob of the sleeve, while the loop strips 62 are secured to the outside of the outer : , .
_5_ sheet 36. During pla~ement, the sleeves 26 are wrapped around the patient's legs with the inner sheet 38 and ventilating open-ings 52 facing the legs, and the hook strips 60 are releasably attached to the associated loop strips 62 on the outside of the sleeves in order to secure the sleeves on the legs and confine movement of the sleeves away from the patient's legs when inflated during operation of the device.
In use, the control apparatus 2Z intermittently inflates the pressure chambers 48a-f in a manner producing.a com-pressive pressure gradient which progressively decreases from aIower to upper portion of the sleeve. After the compression cycles have been completed, the control apparatus 22 deflates the pressure chambers during periodic decompression cycles between the compression cycles, after which the control apparatus 22 repeats the compression cycles.
In addition, the control apparatus passes air through the conduits 34a and b associated with the ventilation chambers 50 in the sleeves 26, and the air passes from the ventilation chambers 50 through the openings 52 against the patient's legs.
In this manner, the compression device 20 causes passage of air between the sleeves 26 and the patient's limbs in order to venti- -late the patient's lègs during use of the device. The air may be continuously supplied to the ventilating chambers, or, if desired, only during the decompression cycles when the sleeves are more loosely fitted about the limbs.
The ventilation chamber 50 also comprises a sizing por-tion of the sleeve in order to permit adjustment of the sleeve on limbs of varying lengths. Thus, for a patient having relatively ~ .
415~
long legs, the sleeves ~6 are secured about the patient's limbs with the ventilation chambers 50 in a generally planar configura-tion such that the adjoining chambexs 48d and e are spaced apart a relatively large distance in their second position. For a patient having relatively short legs, the ventilation chambers or sizing portions 50 are folded about a laterally extending cen~
tral fold line 54, such that the effective length of the sleeves 26 between the ~djoining chambers 48d and e is reduced in their first position. Thus, the sleeves 26 are secured about the patient's legs with the sizing portions 50 folded into a configu-- ration of reduced longitudinal dimensions, and with the pressure chambers located at the proper position on -the patient's l~gs.
ID this manner, the compression sleeves 26 may be readily adjusted to the particular size of the patient's limbs in order to obtain proper placement of the pressure chambers on the patient's limbs ` and minimize the number of sleeves of differing lengths which ~; would otherwise be required to properly fit patients of varying leg sizes. In a preferred form, the sleeve sizing portions 50 are located in the region of the patient's knees whether the sleeves are secured about the patient's legs in their reduced or enlarged configuration.
Another embodiment of the present invention is illus-trated in Fig. 6, in which like reference numerals designate like ~ parts. In this embodiment, the sizing portion 50' is uninflated ; 25 during use of the device. The sizing portion may comprise a closed chamber, or, if desired, may comprise a seal extending between the adjoining chambers 48d and e. The sizing portion 50' may be utllized to shorten or lengthen the compression sleeves .
~ -7~
?,~7 for patients with varying leg si~es in a manner as previously described.
The foregoing detailed descriptic~n is given for clear-ness of understanding only, and no unnecessary limitations should be understood therefrom, as modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art~
' :
.
.
Claims
1. A sleeve for applying compressive pressures against a patient's limb, comprising:
an inner flexible sheet of fluid impervious material;
an outer flexible sheet of fluid impervious material;
means for connecting said sheets together along lines defining a plurality of separate pressure chambers and a separate ventilation chamber between the sheets, said inner sheet having a plurality of openings communicating with the ventilation chamber to permit passage of air from the venti-lation chamber onto the patient's limb; and means for releasably securing the sleeve about the patient's limb with the chambers encircling the limb.
an inner flexible sheet of fluid impervious material;
an outer flexible sheet of fluid impervious material;
means for connecting said sheets together along lines defining a plurality of separate pressure chambers and a separate ventilation chamber between the sheets, said inner sheet having a plurality of openings communicating with the ventilation chamber to permit passage of air from the venti-lation chamber onto the patient's limb; and means for releasably securing the sleeve about the patient's limb with the chambers encircling the limb.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA363,975A CA1104897A (en) | 1976-12-10 | 1980-11-04 | Compression sleeve |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US749,494 | 1976-12-10 | ||
| US05/749,494 US4091804A (en) | 1976-12-10 | 1976-12-10 | Compression sleeve |
| CA291,776A CA1102649A (en) | 1976-12-10 | 1977-11-25 | Compression sleeve |
| CA363,975A CA1104897A (en) | 1976-12-10 | 1980-11-04 | Compression sleeve |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1104897A true CA1104897A (en) | 1981-07-14 |
Family
ID=27165400
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA363,975A Expired CA1104897A (en) | 1976-12-10 | 1980-11-04 | Compression sleeve |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1104897A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-11-04 CA CA363,975A patent/CA1104897A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |