CA1103876A - Method and apparatus for closing tubes - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for closing tubesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1103876A CA1103876A CA297,523A CA297523A CA1103876A CA 1103876 A CA1103876 A CA 1103876A CA 297523 A CA297523 A CA 297523A CA 1103876 A CA1103876 A CA 1103876A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mandrel
- tube
- sleeve
- open
- mold
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
- B29C57/10—Closing
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A bottom in a tube having an open end is formed by heating the tube and a supporting mandrel and advancing a sleeve over the end of the tube which flares outwardly after heating so as to collapse the flared end.
The collapsed end of the tube is closed by contacting the collapsed end with a mold which cooperates with the sleeve to form the bottom.
A bottom in a tube having an open end is formed by heating the tube and a supporting mandrel and advancing a sleeve over the end of the tube which flares outwardly after heating so as to collapse the flared end.
The collapsed end of the tube is closed by contacting the collapsed end with a mold which cooperates with the sleeve to form the bottom.
Description
~3~7~
This invention relates to closing thermoplastic tubes having an open end so as to form a tube bottom from the material of the previously open ended tube.
It is known that the end of ~n open tube comprising a thermo-plastic mateI~icil may ~c closed without attaching a separate piece to form the bottom. U.S. patcnt 2,876,~96 - Murphy, Jr. discloses a method and apparatus Eor closing an open ended tube at one end by initially heating the end so as to flare the end outwardly. A sleeve is then advanced over the flared end to collapse the outwardly flared end. Subsequently, a mandrel is inserted into the tube and a die or mold cooperates with the tube and the sleeve to close the collapsed end. There is no heating of the mandrel which is inserted into the tube prior to closing. It is significant that the patent only discloses the closing of sm~ill size tubes, e.g., catheter tubing having an internal diameter of .190 inches.
U.S. patent 3,300,559 - Baehr also discloses a method and apparatus for closing the open end of thermoplastic tubes. The open end of the tube which is mounted on a mandrel is brought into contact with a cup-like member. A heating element is then brought into heating engagement with the cup-like member on the side opposite the open end while the mandrel carrying the tube is advanced so as to collapse and close the end of the tube. The heating member is then retracted while the tube remains in contact with the cup-like member. The cup-like member is then cooled and the closed tube is subsequently retracted from the-cooled cup-like member.
There is no heating of the mandrel.
U.S. patent 3,509,252 - Baehr discloses a method and apparatus similar to that disclosed in the aforesaid Baehr patent except that the cup-like member is heated directly. The cup-like member does not necessarily completely close the end of the tube. Rather complete closing of the end of the tube to achieve the finished bottom shape is provided by another cup-like ~ 1 ~ ~
38~
member which is relatively cool. Neither Baehr patent discloses the heating of the mandrel heated in advance of contact by a cup-like member.
It is an overall object of this invention to provide an improved method and apparatus capable of closing open-ended tubes (such as thermo-plasLic tubes which may have substclntial diameters) in a rapid, reliable, an~l eEficlent manner.
The inventi.on provicles a method of manufacturing a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom comprising the following steps: heating the open-ended tube so as to flare the end outwardly; collapsing the flared end while simultaneously heating said tube; and closing the collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom against a heated molding surface located on the interior of the tube.
From another aspect, the invention provides apparatus for manu-facturing a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom comprising: a mandrel for extending longitudinally into said tube and supporting said tube thereon;
means for heating an end oE the tube when supported on the mandrel to flare it outwardly away from the mandrel; a sleeve surrounding said mandrel with a space therebetween for receiving said tube, said sleeve adapted to move relative to said mandrel to collapse the flared end to be closed; a mold adapted to cooperate with said sleeve and said mandrel for closing the collapsed end of said tube to form said bottom; said means for heating being adapted to heat said mandrel without heating said mold.
The invention also provides apparatus for the manufacture of a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom, comprising: means for heating the open-ended tube so as to flare the end outwardly; means for collapsing the flared end; and means for closing the collapsed~ previously flared end to form said bottom against a heated molding surface located on the interior of the tube;
said means for heating being controlled to further heat the end after flaring and before closing.
.~
~ 3~
An open-ended thermoplastic tube is preferably supported on a mandrel extending longitudinally into the tube while heating the mandrel and the tube simultaneously so as to :Elare the encl of the open-ended tube out-wardLy away Erom the heated mandre.l.. The :E:Lared encl o.E the tube :is then o:Llapsed by contact w:ith a tclescop:lng sl.eeve surround:lng the open-encled tube at~d the mandreL. The collapsed end is then closed to .Eorm the bottom of the tube by contacting the collapsed end by a mold which is substantially -2a-~s ~, cooler in temperature than the mandrel and forming the bottom over the end of the heated mandrel. The mold may then be separated from the bottom and the mandrel and the mandrel subsequently separated from the newly-formed tube bottom and removed from the tube.
Preferably the mandrel and the open-ended tube are heated radiantly from the source located adjacent the open end of the tube.
Preferably, the tube and the mandrel are heated substantially longer than the mold contacts the collapsed end of the tube. It is also desirable to heat the sleeve simultaneously with the mandrel and to advance the sleeve during heating so as to optimize the collapsing of the flared end.
A plurality of open-ended tubes are prefera~ly simultaneously supported by a plurality of mandrels respectively. Preferably, the plurality of tubes supported by the plurality of mandrels are simultaneously heated, subsequently and simultaneously heated and collapsed and subsequently and simultaneously closed- Where the open-ended tubes are supported by a plural-ity of mandrels, it is preferred to contact the collapsed ends of the tubes with a resiliently mounted mold so as to compensate for varying lengths of tubes.
In order to simultaneously support the tubes on a plurality of mandrels, a turret may be provided comprising a plurality of mandrels located at each of a plurality o~ positions on the turret. The steps of hea~ing, heating and collapsing and closing may then be accomplished at a plurality of stations located around the turret.
Figures 1-~ are sectional views depicting a plurality of steps in the process of closing open-ended tubes in accordance with this invention;and Figure 5 is a plan view showing a turret for closing a plurality of opsn-ended tubes during high speed manufacturing.
As shown in Figure 1, an open-ended tube 10 has been mounted on a mandrel 12 as an initial step in a tube closing operation. The mandrel 12 comprises an c~nnular shoulder 14 which is abutted by the end of the tube 10 when supported on the mandrel 12. A sleeve 16 surrolmds the tube 10 with the end of the tubc 10 which i.s to be closed extelldirlg outwardly beyond the encl of the sleeve 16 alld the end of the mandrel 12.
In F:igure 2, the tube 10 as we~l as the mandrel 12 and the sleeve 16 ~re heated from a radiant source located opposite and adjacent the end of the mandrel 12, the tube 10 and the sleeve 16. The source as shown in Figure 2 comprises a gas flame 18 which produces an outward flaring 20 at the end of the tube 10.
lG As shown in Figure 3, the sleeve 16 is advanced while the tube lo, mandrel 12 and tube 16 continue to be heated so as to collapse the end of the tube 10 in the area 22. Sleeve 16 may be advanced by various means.
As shown, a spring 24 is provided between an anchoring point 26 and an arm 28. Initially and during the steps depicted by Figures 1 and 2 (the Spr1ng has been eliminated in these figures for the sake of simplicity), the spring 24 is maintained under tension while the arm 28 is latched in place in a position abutting the shoulder 14 of the mandrel. Then, in Figure 3, the arm 28 is unlatched so as to drive the sleeve 16 forward to the telescoped position shown in Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 4, a mold assembly 30 is advanced to a position of contact with the end of the sleeve 16 and the collapsed portion 22 of the tube 10 so as to close the tube 10 and form a bottom 32. At this time, the spring 24 attached to the sleeve 16 is again placed under tension which assures that the sleeve 16 is held in contact with the mold assembly 30 to properly form the bottom 32.
The mold assembly 30 comprises two separate sections. A sleeve section 34 has an internal diameter which permits it to slide over the external diameter of tube 10 in contact with the end of the sleeve 16. A
central molding section 36 with~slightly concave surface 37 contacts the 7~
collapsed portion 22 of the tube 10 so as to form the bottom 32. It will be noted that a spring 38 is prov:ided between the molding section 36 and the end 39 of the molding asselllb:Ly 30 so as to accol~modc~te a vc~:iat:ion in the thickllcss of` tlle bottolll 32 wh:ich might result frolll a longer or shorter tube 10. A~ter closin6 the end of the tube lo, the molding assembly 30 may be and is retracted almost immediately as ~ill be subsequently described in connection with Figure 5.
The mandrel 12 is heated simultaneously with the tube 10 and the sleeve 16 so as to permit the end of the mandrel :L2 to serve as a molding surface which cooperates with the relatively cool molding assembly 30. It has been found that the heating of the mandrel 12 so as to permit its use as a molding surface permits large-si~e tubes to bc closed. For example, it is possible to close tubes as Large as two inches in diameter.
Furthermore, the technique provides a very rapid c~losing of -the tube while at the same time producing an attractive product. The speeds with which the ends may be closed is in part attributable to the fact that the molding assembly 30 is not heated, or is at least relatively cool as compared with the mandrel 12 so that it may be separated immediately upon closing the end of the tube 10. Simultaneously with the retraction of the mold assembly 30 and the separation from the bottom 32, the mandrel 12 begins to cool in preparation for the ejection of the tube 10 from the mandrel 12.
Reference will now be made to Figure 5 wherein apparatus is shown for achieving a high state of production of tubes ha~ing closed ends.
As shown in Figure 5, a turret 40 comprises a plura~ity of mandrel sets 42 which are adapted to rota~e through a plurcility of stations a-f.
At station a, a plurality of tubes 10 are fed onto a set of the mandrels 12. The turret 40 is then advanced to the first heating station b wherein a gas heater 18~ heats the tubes 10, the mandrels 12 (not shown) and the sleeves 16. The turret 40 is next advanced to the next heating c wherein 37~i the gas heater 182 radialltly heats the tube 10, the mandrels 12 (not shown) and the sleeves 16. At pOSitiOIl d, a gas heater 183 continues to heat the tubes 10, the mandrels 12 (not shown) alld the sleeves 16. Ho~ever, the sleeves 16 c~e now advc~lced so as to collapse the open end of the tubes 10.
~t station e of the turret, the mold assemblies 30 for each of the plurility of mandrels 12 (not showrl), are advanced so as to form the closed ends 32 of the tubes, and are subsequently retracted. Next, the mandrels 12 are advanced to stction f where the tubes 10 with the closed bottoms 32 are ejected or extracted from the mandrels 12.
As clearly demonstrated by Figure 5, the heating of the mandrels 12 rather than the molding assembly 30 permits the molding surface provided by the ends of the mandrels 12 to reach the necessary high temperature with-out delaying the closure process. In this connection, i.t will be understood that a molding surface which is too warm may not be separated from the bottom 32 without altering or distorting it. It will be noted that the mandrels 12 have time to cool, i.e., from the time of closing at station e to the time when they reach station f. In fact, cooling has begun when the mc~ndrels 12 leave station d. On the other hand, if the heating were achieved through the molding assebly 30 and the mold sections 36 provided the heated molding surface, cooling of the molds prior to separation from tubes 10 would require that the turret remain sufficiently long at each position so as to allow the molds of the assembly 30 to cool after closing and before the assembly 30 is retracted. This of course increases the time which must be allotted f~r each position of the turret 40 and thereby delays the tube closure process.
Figure 5 also depicts the relatively long period of time that ~he mandrels and the tubes 10 are heated as compared with time taken to close the ends of the tubes to form the bottoms 32. In this regard, it will be noted that the tubes are heated through stations b-d of the -turret 40 whereas tube closing takes place only at station e. In this way, the mandrels 12 are able to rcach a very higll temperature so as to assure the efEectiveness oE thc molclillg surface provided by those mandrels 12 in ~rcpar.ltioll for the:ir ful~c~ion at station e wllen tl~e ell(ls of the tubes are closed. ~lso no-te that the resil:ient mountirlg of the molding section 36 ls particularly impor-tant to accommodate the various lengths of tubes 10 which may be mounted on the mandrels of a single set.
It will be appreciated that the method and apparatus disclosed lr`~l~ herein may be utilized with a variety of thermoplastic materials. For ex-10 ~ ample, tubes may be closed in accordance with this invention wherein the r~/Or~ ;o<~ rk) tubes comprise cellulose butyrate, polypropylene, nylon, *e~e~ and poly-ethylene. It will also be appreciated that the necessary temperatures which must be achieved from the heaters 181, 182 and 183 will vary as a f~mction of the particular thermoplastic material and the dwell time at each station.
In this manner, temperature control of the heating of the tubes is attained in the embodiment lleretofore described.
Although a particular embodiment of the invention has been sho~n and described, it will be ~mderstood that other modifications may be made ~ithout departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as set ~orth in the appended claims. For example, the high speed manufacture achieved by the turret approach might also be achieved by mounting a series of mandrels on a conveyor which is associated with moving work stations positioned along the conveyor. It will also be appreciated that the molding surface need not comprise a mandrel which supports the tube but may comprise another member which is inserted into the tube and heated. It will also be understood that the invention does not necessarily require that the mold out-side the tube as contrasted with the molding surface inside the *ube be un-heated. In fact, it may be desirable with certain materials to hea~ the mold.
Note further, that the mold has been characterized herein as concave although 3Q it may also be fla~ or convex.
This invention relates to closing thermoplastic tubes having an open end so as to form a tube bottom from the material of the previously open ended tube.
It is known that the end of ~n open tube comprising a thermo-plastic mateI~icil may ~c closed without attaching a separate piece to form the bottom. U.S. patcnt 2,876,~96 - Murphy, Jr. discloses a method and apparatus Eor closing an open ended tube at one end by initially heating the end so as to flare the end outwardly. A sleeve is then advanced over the flared end to collapse the outwardly flared end. Subsequently, a mandrel is inserted into the tube and a die or mold cooperates with the tube and the sleeve to close the collapsed end. There is no heating of the mandrel which is inserted into the tube prior to closing. It is significant that the patent only discloses the closing of sm~ill size tubes, e.g., catheter tubing having an internal diameter of .190 inches.
U.S. patent 3,300,559 - Baehr also discloses a method and apparatus for closing the open end of thermoplastic tubes. The open end of the tube which is mounted on a mandrel is brought into contact with a cup-like member. A heating element is then brought into heating engagement with the cup-like member on the side opposite the open end while the mandrel carrying the tube is advanced so as to collapse and close the end of the tube. The heating member is then retracted while the tube remains in contact with the cup-like member. The cup-like member is then cooled and the closed tube is subsequently retracted from the-cooled cup-like member.
There is no heating of the mandrel.
U.S. patent 3,509,252 - Baehr discloses a method and apparatus similar to that disclosed in the aforesaid Baehr patent except that the cup-like member is heated directly. The cup-like member does not necessarily completely close the end of the tube. Rather complete closing of the end of the tube to achieve the finished bottom shape is provided by another cup-like ~ 1 ~ ~
38~
member which is relatively cool. Neither Baehr patent discloses the heating of the mandrel heated in advance of contact by a cup-like member.
It is an overall object of this invention to provide an improved method and apparatus capable of closing open-ended tubes (such as thermo-plasLic tubes which may have substclntial diameters) in a rapid, reliable, an~l eEficlent manner.
The inventi.on provicles a method of manufacturing a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom comprising the following steps: heating the open-ended tube so as to flare the end outwardly; collapsing the flared end while simultaneously heating said tube; and closing the collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom against a heated molding surface located on the interior of the tube.
From another aspect, the invention provides apparatus for manu-facturing a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom comprising: a mandrel for extending longitudinally into said tube and supporting said tube thereon;
means for heating an end oE the tube when supported on the mandrel to flare it outwardly away from the mandrel; a sleeve surrounding said mandrel with a space therebetween for receiving said tube, said sleeve adapted to move relative to said mandrel to collapse the flared end to be closed; a mold adapted to cooperate with said sleeve and said mandrel for closing the collapsed end of said tube to form said bottom; said means for heating being adapted to heat said mandrel without heating said mold.
The invention also provides apparatus for the manufacture of a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom, comprising: means for heating the open-ended tube so as to flare the end outwardly; means for collapsing the flared end; and means for closing the collapsed~ previously flared end to form said bottom against a heated molding surface located on the interior of the tube;
said means for heating being controlled to further heat the end after flaring and before closing.
.~
~ 3~
An open-ended thermoplastic tube is preferably supported on a mandrel extending longitudinally into the tube while heating the mandrel and the tube simultaneously so as to :Elare the encl of the open-ended tube out-wardLy away Erom the heated mandre.l.. The :E:Lared encl o.E the tube :is then o:Llapsed by contact w:ith a tclescop:lng sl.eeve surround:lng the open-encled tube at~d the mandreL. The collapsed end is then closed to .Eorm the bottom of the tube by contacting the collapsed end by a mold which is substantially -2a-~s ~, cooler in temperature than the mandrel and forming the bottom over the end of the heated mandrel. The mold may then be separated from the bottom and the mandrel and the mandrel subsequently separated from the newly-formed tube bottom and removed from the tube.
Preferably the mandrel and the open-ended tube are heated radiantly from the source located adjacent the open end of the tube.
Preferably, the tube and the mandrel are heated substantially longer than the mold contacts the collapsed end of the tube. It is also desirable to heat the sleeve simultaneously with the mandrel and to advance the sleeve during heating so as to optimize the collapsing of the flared end.
A plurality of open-ended tubes are prefera~ly simultaneously supported by a plurality of mandrels respectively. Preferably, the plurality of tubes supported by the plurality of mandrels are simultaneously heated, subsequently and simultaneously heated and collapsed and subsequently and simultaneously closed- Where the open-ended tubes are supported by a plural-ity of mandrels, it is preferred to contact the collapsed ends of the tubes with a resiliently mounted mold so as to compensate for varying lengths of tubes.
In order to simultaneously support the tubes on a plurality of mandrels, a turret may be provided comprising a plurality of mandrels located at each of a plurality o~ positions on the turret. The steps of hea~ing, heating and collapsing and closing may then be accomplished at a plurality of stations located around the turret.
Figures 1-~ are sectional views depicting a plurality of steps in the process of closing open-ended tubes in accordance with this invention;and Figure 5 is a plan view showing a turret for closing a plurality of opsn-ended tubes during high speed manufacturing.
As shown in Figure 1, an open-ended tube 10 has been mounted on a mandrel 12 as an initial step in a tube closing operation. The mandrel 12 comprises an c~nnular shoulder 14 which is abutted by the end of the tube 10 when supported on the mandrel 12. A sleeve 16 surrolmds the tube 10 with the end of the tubc 10 which i.s to be closed extelldirlg outwardly beyond the encl of the sleeve 16 alld the end of the mandrel 12.
In F:igure 2, the tube 10 as we~l as the mandrel 12 and the sleeve 16 ~re heated from a radiant source located opposite and adjacent the end of the mandrel 12, the tube 10 and the sleeve 16. The source as shown in Figure 2 comprises a gas flame 18 which produces an outward flaring 20 at the end of the tube 10.
lG As shown in Figure 3, the sleeve 16 is advanced while the tube lo, mandrel 12 and tube 16 continue to be heated so as to collapse the end of the tube 10 in the area 22. Sleeve 16 may be advanced by various means.
As shown, a spring 24 is provided between an anchoring point 26 and an arm 28. Initially and during the steps depicted by Figures 1 and 2 (the Spr1ng has been eliminated in these figures for the sake of simplicity), the spring 24 is maintained under tension while the arm 28 is latched in place in a position abutting the shoulder 14 of the mandrel. Then, in Figure 3, the arm 28 is unlatched so as to drive the sleeve 16 forward to the telescoped position shown in Figure 3.
As shown in Figure 4, a mold assembly 30 is advanced to a position of contact with the end of the sleeve 16 and the collapsed portion 22 of the tube 10 so as to close the tube 10 and form a bottom 32. At this time, the spring 24 attached to the sleeve 16 is again placed under tension which assures that the sleeve 16 is held in contact with the mold assembly 30 to properly form the bottom 32.
The mold assembly 30 comprises two separate sections. A sleeve section 34 has an internal diameter which permits it to slide over the external diameter of tube 10 in contact with the end of the sleeve 16. A
central molding section 36 with~slightly concave surface 37 contacts the 7~
collapsed portion 22 of the tube 10 so as to form the bottom 32. It will be noted that a spring 38 is prov:ided between the molding section 36 and the end 39 of the molding asselllb:Ly 30 so as to accol~modc~te a vc~:iat:ion in the thickllcss of` tlle bottolll 32 wh:ich might result frolll a longer or shorter tube 10. A~ter closin6 the end of the tube lo, the molding assembly 30 may be and is retracted almost immediately as ~ill be subsequently described in connection with Figure 5.
The mandrel 12 is heated simultaneously with the tube 10 and the sleeve 16 so as to permit the end of the mandrel :L2 to serve as a molding surface which cooperates with the relatively cool molding assembly 30. It has been found that the heating of the mandrel 12 so as to permit its use as a molding surface permits large-si~e tubes to bc closed. For example, it is possible to close tubes as Large as two inches in diameter.
Furthermore, the technique provides a very rapid c~losing of -the tube while at the same time producing an attractive product. The speeds with which the ends may be closed is in part attributable to the fact that the molding assembly 30 is not heated, or is at least relatively cool as compared with the mandrel 12 so that it may be separated immediately upon closing the end of the tube 10. Simultaneously with the retraction of the mold assembly 30 and the separation from the bottom 32, the mandrel 12 begins to cool in preparation for the ejection of the tube 10 from the mandrel 12.
Reference will now be made to Figure 5 wherein apparatus is shown for achieving a high state of production of tubes ha~ing closed ends.
As shown in Figure 5, a turret 40 comprises a plura~ity of mandrel sets 42 which are adapted to rota~e through a plurcility of stations a-f.
At station a, a plurality of tubes 10 are fed onto a set of the mandrels 12. The turret 40 is then advanced to the first heating station b wherein a gas heater 18~ heats the tubes 10, the mandrels 12 (not shown) and the sleeves 16. The turret 40 is next advanced to the next heating c wherein 37~i the gas heater 182 radialltly heats the tube 10, the mandrels 12 (not shown) and the sleeves 16. At pOSitiOIl d, a gas heater 183 continues to heat the tubes 10, the mandrels 12 (not shown) alld the sleeves 16. Ho~ever, the sleeves 16 c~e now advc~lced so as to collapse the open end of the tubes 10.
~t station e of the turret, the mold assemblies 30 for each of the plurility of mandrels 12 (not showrl), are advanced so as to form the closed ends 32 of the tubes, and are subsequently retracted. Next, the mandrels 12 are advanced to stction f where the tubes 10 with the closed bottoms 32 are ejected or extracted from the mandrels 12.
As clearly demonstrated by Figure 5, the heating of the mandrels 12 rather than the molding assembly 30 permits the molding surface provided by the ends of the mandrels 12 to reach the necessary high temperature with-out delaying the closure process. In this connection, i.t will be understood that a molding surface which is too warm may not be separated from the bottom 32 without altering or distorting it. It will be noted that the mandrels 12 have time to cool, i.e., from the time of closing at station e to the time when they reach station f. In fact, cooling has begun when the mc~ndrels 12 leave station d. On the other hand, if the heating were achieved through the molding assebly 30 and the mold sections 36 provided the heated molding surface, cooling of the molds prior to separation from tubes 10 would require that the turret remain sufficiently long at each position so as to allow the molds of the assembly 30 to cool after closing and before the assembly 30 is retracted. This of course increases the time which must be allotted f~r each position of the turret 40 and thereby delays the tube closure process.
Figure 5 also depicts the relatively long period of time that ~he mandrels and the tubes 10 are heated as compared with time taken to close the ends of the tubes to form the bottoms 32. In this regard, it will be noted that the tubes are heated through stations b-d of the -turret 40 whereas tube closing takes place only at station e. In this way, the mandrels 12 are able to rcach a very higll temperature so as to assure the efEectiveness oE thc molclillg surface provided by those mandrels 12 in ~rcpar.ltioll for the:ir ful~c~ion at station e wllen tl~e ell(ls of the tubes are closed. ~lso no-te that the resil:ient mountirlg of the molding section 36 ls particularly impor-tant to accommodate the various lengths of tubes 10 which may be mounted on the mandrels of a single set.
It will be appreciated that the method and apparatus disclosed lr`~l~ herein may be utilized with a variety of thermoplastic materials. For ex-10 ~ ample, tubes may be closed in accordance with this invention wherein the r~/Or~ ;o<~ rk) tubes comprise cellulose butyrate, polypropylene, nylon, *e~e~ and poly-ethylene. It will also be appreciated that the necessary temperatures which must be achieved from the heaters 181, 182 and 183 will vary as a f~mction of the particular thermoplastic material and the dwell time at each station.
In this manner, temperature control of the heating of the tubes is attained in the embodiment lleretofore described.
Although a particular embodiment of the invention has been sho~n and described, it will be ~mderstood that other modifications may be made ~ithout departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as set ~orth in the appended claims. For example, the high speed manufacture achieved by the turret approach might also be achieved by mounting a series of mandrels on a conveyor which is associated with moving work stations positioned along the conveyor. It will also be appreciated that the molding surface need not comprise a mandrel which supports the tube but may comprise another member which is inserted into the tube and heated. It will also be understood that the invention does not necessarily require that the mold out-side the tube as contrasted with the molding surface inside the *ube be un-heated. In fact, it may be desirable with certain materials to hea~ the mold.
Note further, that the mold has been characterized herein as concave although 3Q it may also be fla~ or convex.
Claims (78)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS;
1. A method of manufacturing a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom com-prising the following steps: supporting the open-ended tube on a mandrel extending longitudinally into said tube; heating said mandrel and said tube simultaneously so as to flare the end of the open-ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel; collapsing said flare end by contact with a sleeve surrounding said open-ended tube and said mandrel and telescopically movable relative thereto; heating said mandrel and said tube while collapsing said flared end; closing said collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end with a mold which is substantially cooler in temperature than said mandrel and forming said bottom over the end of said mandrel; separating said mold from said formed bottom and said mandrel; and separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said mandrel and said open-ended tube are heated radiantly.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said mandrel and said open-ended tube are heated radiantly from a source located adjacent said mandrel end.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said tube and said mandrel are heated substantially longer than said mold contacts said collapsed end of said tube.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein said sleeve is heated simultaneous-ly with said mandrel and said open-ended tube.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said mandrel, said sleeve, and said open-ended tube are heated radiantly from a source located adjacent said mandrel end.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the open end of said tube opposite said collapsed end rests on a shoulder of said mandrel.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said mold resiliently contacts said collapsed end.
9. The method of claim 8 wherein the open end of said tube opposite said collapsed end rests on a shoulder of said mandrel.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said mandrel and said open-ended tube are heated radiantly from a source located adjacent said mandrel end.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of cooling said mandrel while closing said collapsed end.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein a plurality of said open-ended tubes are simultaneously supported by a plurality of mandrels respectively.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said open-ended tubes on said mandrels are sequentially heated and closed.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said tubes are heated and collapsed prior to closing.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said open-ended tubes on said mandrels are simultaneously heated, simultaneously heated and collapsed and simultaneously closed.
16. Apparatus for manufacturing a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom comprising: a mandrel for extending longitudinally into said tube and supporting said tube thereon; means for heating an end of the tube when supported on the mandrel to flare it outwardly away from the mandrel; a sleeve surrounding said mandrel with a space therebetween for receiving said tube, said sleeve adapted to move relative to said mandrel to collapse the flared end to be closed; a mold adapted to cooperate with said sleeve and said mandrel for closing the collapsed end of said tube to form said bottom;
said means for heating being adapted to heat said mandrel without heating said mold.
said means for heating being adapted to heat said mandrel without heating said mold.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said means for heating also heats said sleeve without heating said mold.
18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said means for heating comprises a source of radiant heat.
19. The apparatus of claim 16 including means for advancing said mandrel and said sleeve from said heating means to said mold means.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 further comprising a turret adapted to rotate past a plurality of stations, said mandrel and said sleeve mounted on said turret, said heating means located at one of said stations and said mold located at another of said stations.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 wherein said heating means is located at more than one of said stations.
22. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said heating means is adapted to flare the end of said tube outwardly.
23. The apparatus of claim 22 wherein said sleeve is adapted to slide forward over said mandrel to collapse the flared end of said tube after heating.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein said sleeve is adapted to slide forward over said mandrel to collapse the flared end of said tube during heating.
25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein said sleeve is adapted to slide rearward upon contact with the mold.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said mold is resiliently mounted.
27. The apparatus of claim 25 wherein said mold comprises a sleeve section and a molding section, said molding section being resiliently mounted relative to said sleeve section so as to accommodate different tube lengths, said sleeve section abutting said sleeves and said molding section cooperating with said heated mandrel to form said bottom.
28. The apparatus of claim 27 comprising a plurality of said mandrels, a plurality of said sleeves and a plurality of said molds, said molds simultaneously cooperating with said mandrels and said sleeves during closure of said tubes.
29. A method of manufacturing a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom comprising the following steps: heating the open-ended tube so as to flare the end outwardly; collapsing the flared end while simultaneously heating said tube; and closing the collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom against a heated molding surface located on the interior of the tube.
30. The method of claim 29 wherein the temperature of said molding surface is controlled.
31. The method of claim 29 wherein the bottom is also formed against a mold located on the exterior of the tube.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the temperature of the mold on the exterior is controlled independently from the temperature of the molding surface on the interior.
33. A method of manufacturing a plastic tube having a bottom formed from an open ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom, comprising the following steps:
supporting the open ended tube between a mandrel and a sleeve, said mandrel comprising a body portion and an end portion, said end portion extending inwardly of said first portion to form the end of said mandrel, and the end of said sleeve being substantially aligned with the end of said mandrel;
heating said mandrel, said sleeve and said tube simultaneously so as to flare the end of the open ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel;
collapsing said flared end by contact with said sleeve surrounding said open ended tube and said mandrel said sleeve being telescopically mov-able relative thereto;
closing said collapsed previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end with a mold;
separating said mold from said formed bottom of said mandrel; and separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
supporting the open ended tube between a mandrel and a sleeve, said mandrel comprising a body portion and an end portion, said end portion extending inwardly of said first portion to form the end of said mandrel, and the end of said sleeve being substantially aligned with the end of said mandrel;
heating said mandrel, said sleeve and said tube simultaneously so as to flare the end of the open ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel;
collapsing said flared end by contact with said sleeve surrounding said open ended tube and said mandrel said sleeve being telescopically mov-able relative thereto;
closing said collapsed previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end with a mold;
separating said mold from said formed bottom of said mandrel; and separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
34. The method of claim 33 wherein substantial contact between the flared end and the sleeve is avoided.
35. The method of claim 33 wherein the tube is flared outwardly a distance substantially greater than the thickness of the sleeve.
36. The method of claim 33 wherein substantially all of the end of said tube extending beyond said mandrel and said sleeve is flared outwardly.
37. An apparatus for manufacturing a plastic tube having a closed end from an open-ended tube without using additional material to form said closed end, comprising a mandrel including a molding surface at one end thereof, said mandrel adapted to fit within and support said tube;
heating means for heating an open end of said open-ended tube so as to cause said open end to flare outwardly;
a sleeve disposed generally concentrically about said mandrel and sized to permit fitting of said plastic tube between said sleeve and said mandrel;
means for controlling the moving of said sleeve relative to said mandrel whereby the end of said sleeve is substantially aligned with the molding surface of said mandrel during the heating of said tube which causes its end to flare outwardly;
means for moving said sleeve relative to said mandrel and said tube to contact and cause the flared end of said tube to collapse inwardly; and mold means adapted to cooperate with said molding surface of said mandrel and with the collapsed end of said tube to shape the exterior sur-face of said closed end of said tube.
heating means for heating an open end of said open-ended tube so as to cause said open end to flare outwardly;
a sleeve disposed generally concentrically about said mandrel and sized to permit fitting of said plastic tube between said sleeve and said mandrel;
means for controlling the moving of said sleeve relative to said mandrel whereby the end of said sleeve is substantially aligned with the molding surface of said mandrel during the heating of said tube which causes its end to flare outwardly;
means for moving said sleeve relative to said mandrel and said tube to contact and cause the flared end of said tube to collapse inwardly; and mold means adapted to cooperate with said molding surface of said mandrel and with the collapsed end of said tube to shape the exterior sur-face of said closed end of said tube.
38. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said heating means continues heating during the collapsing of said flared end.
39. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said heating means simultaneously heats said molding surface of said mandrel.
40. The apparatus of claim 39 wherein said heating means heats said mandrel and said tube without heating said mold means.
41. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said heating means comprises a source of radiant heat.
42. The apparatus of claim 37 including means for advancing said mandrel and said sleeve from said heating means to said mold means.
43. The apparatus of claim 42 further comprising a turret adapted to rotate past a plurality of stations, said mandrel and said sleeve mounted on said turret, said heating means located at one of said stations and said mold means located at another of said stations.
44. The apparatus of claim 43 wherein said heating means is located at more than one of said stations.
45. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein said sleeve is adapted to slide rearward upon contact with said mold means.
46. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein said mold means is resiliently mounted.
47. The apparatus of claim 45 wherein said mold means comprises a sleeve section and a molding section, said molding section being resiliently mounted relative to said sleeve section so as to accommodate different tube lengths, said sleeve section abutting said sleeve and said molding section cooperating with said heating mandrel to form said bottom.
48. The apparatus of claim 47 comprising a plurality of said mandrels, a plurality of said sleeves and a plurality of said molds, said molds simultaneously cooperating with said mandrels and said sleeve during closure of said tubes.
49. The apparatus according to claim 37 wherein said heating means is controlled to heat said tube to an extent such that the end of said tube flares outwardly, its flared diameter being greater than the outside diameter of said sleeve, whereby buckling of said flared tube upon the motion of said sleeve relative to said mandrel is avoided.
50. The apparatus of claim 37 wherein a plurality of said mandrels are mounted on plural work stations, and said work stations are adapted to move relative to said means for heating said mandrel and to said mold means.
51. Apparatus for the manufacture of a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom, comprising:
a mandrel extending longitudinally into said tube for supporting the open-ended tube;
a sleeve surrounding said open-ended tube and said mandrel and telescopically movable relative thereto for collapsing said flared end;
means for heating said mandrel and said tube simultaneously so as to flare the end of the open-ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel being controlled to heat said mandrel and said tubes during the collapsing of said flared end;
mold means for closing said collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end, said mold means being controlled to be substantially cooler in temperature than said mandrel, said bottom being formed over the end of said mandrel;
means for separating said mold from said formed bottom and said mandrel; and means for separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
a mandrel extending longitudinally into said tube for supporting the open-ended tube;
a sleeve surrounding said open-ended tube and said mandrel and telescopically movable relative thereto for collapsing said flared end;
means for heating said mandrel and said tube simultaneously so as to flare the end of the open-ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel being controlled to heat said mandrel and said tubes during the collapsing of said flared end;
mold means for closing said collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end, said mold means being controlled to be substantially cooler in temperature than said mandrel, said bottom being formed over the end of said mandrel;
means for separating said mold from said formed bottom and said mandrel; and means for separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
52. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein said means for heating said mandrel and said open-ended tube is radiant heater means.
53. The apparatus of claim 52 wherein said radiant heater means is located adjacent to said mandrel end.
54. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein heater means are controlled to heat said tube and said mandrel substantially longer than the time in which said mold contacts said collapsed end of said tube.
55. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein said sleeve is heated simultane-ously with said mandrel and said open-ended tube.
56. The apparatus of claim 55 wherein said mandrel, said sleeve, and said open-ended tube are heated radiantly from a source located adjacent said mandrel end.
57. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein said mandrel comprises a shoulder for contacting the open end of said tube opposite said collapsed end.
58. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein said mold is adapted to resilient-ly contact said collapsed end.
59. The apparatus of claim 58 wherein said mandrel comprises a shoulder to contact the open end of said tube opposite said collapsed end.
60. The apparatus of claim 59 wherein said mandrel and said open-ended tube are heated radiantly from a source located adjacent said mandrel end.
61. The apparatus of claim 51 further comprising means for cooling said mandrel while closing said collapsed end.
62. The apparatus of claim 51 wherein a plurality of said open-ended tubes are simultaneously supported by a plurality of mandrels respectively.
63. The apparatus of claim 62 wherein said open-ended tubes on said mandrels are sequentially heated and closed.
64. The apparatus of claim 63 wherein said tubes are heated and collapsed prior to closing.
65. The apparatus of claim 64 wherein said open-ended tubes on said mandrels are simultaneously heated, simultaneously heated and collapsed and simultaneously closed.
66. Apparatus for the manufacture of a plastic tube having a bottom from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom, comprising:
means for heating the open-ended tube so as to flare the end outwardly;
means for collapsing the flared end; and means for closing the collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom against a heated molding surface located on the interior of the tube;
said means for heating being controlled to further heat the end after flaring and before closing.
means for heating the open-ended tube so as to flare the end outwardly;
means for collapsing the flared end; and means for closing the collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom against a heated molding surface located on the interior of the tube;
said means for heating being controlled to further heat the end after flaring and before closing.
67. The apparatus of claim 66 wherein the temperature of said molding surface is controlled.
68. The apparatus of claim 67 further comprising a mold located on the exterior of the tube for forming the bottom.
69. The apparatus of claim 68 further comprising means for controlling the temperature of the mold on the exterior independently from the tempera-ture of the molding surface on the interior.
70. Apparatus for manufacturing a plastic tube having a bottom formed from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom comprising:
a mandrel for supporting the open-ended tube;
a sleeve disposed around said mandrel and said tube;
means for heating said mandrel, said sleeve and said tube simultaneously so as to flare the end of the open-ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel, the end of the mandrel being controlled to be separated from the end of said sleeve a distance substantially less than the maximum cross-sectional dimension of the tube;
said sleeve surrounding said open-ended tube and said mandrel being telescopically movable relative thereto so as to collapse said flared end by contact;
mold means for closing said collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end;
means for separating said mold from said formed bottom and said mandrel; and means for separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
a mandrel for supporting the open-ended tube;
a sleeve disposed around said mandrel and said tube;
means for heating said mandrel, said sleeve and said tube simultaneously so as to flare the end of the open-ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel, the end of the mandrel being controlled to be separated from the end of said sleeve a distance substantially less than the maximum cross-sectional dimension of the tube;
said sleeve surrounding said open-ended tube and said mandrel being telescopically movable relative thereto so as to collapse said flared end by contact;
mold means for closing said collapsed, previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end;
means for separating said mold from said formed bottom and said mandrel; and means for separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
71. The apparatus of claim 70 wherein said sleeve is shaped such that substantial contact between the flare end and the sleeve is avoided.
72. The apparatus of claim 70 wherein the tube is flared outwardly a distance substantially greater than the thickness of the sleeve.
73. The apparatus of claim 70 wherein substantially all of the end of said tube extending beyond said mandrel and said sleeve is flared outwardly.
74. The apparatus of claim 70 wherein said mandrel is at least partially cylindrical and the end of said sleeve is substantially aligned with the end of the cylindrical portion of said mandrel.
75. Apparatus for manufacturing a plastic tube having a bottom formed from an open-ended tube without using additional material for forming the bottom comprising:
a mandrel comprising a first portion and a second portion, said second portion extending inwardly of said first portion to form the end of said mandrel;
a sleeve disposed generally about said mandrel and sized so as to permit supporting of a tube on said mandrel within said sleeve, the end of said sleeve being substantially aligned with the end of the first portion of said mandrel;
means for heating said mandrel, said sleeve and said tube simultane-ously so as to flare the end of the open-ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel, the tube being flared outwardly a distance substantially greater than the thickness of the sleeve;
said sleeve being telescopically movable relative to said mandrel, to collapse said flared end by contact with said sleeve surrounding said open ended tube and said mandrel;
mold means for closing said collapsed previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end, means for separating said mold from said formed bottom of said mandrel; and means for separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
a mandrel comprising a first portion and a second portion, said second portion extending inwardly of said first portion to form the end of said mandrel;
a sleeve disposed generally about said mandrel and sized so as to permit supporting of a tube on said mandrel within said sleeve, the end of said sleeve being substantially aligned with the end of the first portion of said mandrel;
means for heating said mandrel, said sleeve and said tube simultane-ously so as to flare the end of the open-ended tube outwardly away from the heated mandrel, the tube being flared outwardly a distance substantially greater than the thickness of the sleeve;
said sleeve being telescopically movable relative to said mandrel, to collapse said flared end by contact with said sleeve surrounding said open ended tube and said mandrel;
mold means for closing said collapsed previously flared end to form said bottom by contacting said collapsed end, means for separating said mold from said formed bottom of said mandrel; and means for separating said mandrel from said tube after said mold has been separated from said bottom and said mandrel.
76. The apparatus of claim 75 wherein substantial contact between the flared end and the sleeve is avoided.
77. The apparatus of claim 75 wherein the end of the mandrel is separated from the end of the sleeve during the flaring of said tube a dis-tance substantially less than the maximum cross-sectional dimension of the tube.
78. The apparatus of claim 75 wherein substantially all of the end of said tube extending beyond said mandrel and said sleeve is flared outwardly.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US77078677A | 1977-02-22 | 1977-02-22 | |
| US770,786 | 1977-02-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1103876A true CA1103876A (en) | 1981-06-30 |
Family
ID=25089671
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA297,523A Expired CA1103876A (en) | 1977-02-22 | 1978-02-21 | Method and apparatus for closing tubes |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS53118481A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1103876A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2807556A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2380858A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1595135A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3342240A1 (en) * | 1983-11-23 | 1985-05-30 | Krupp Corpoplast Maschinenbau GmbH, 2000 Hamburg | Process for producing a preform |
| GB2205065A (en) * | 1987-05-27 | 1988-11-30 | Metal Box Plc | Methods and apparatus for flanging tubular polymer articles |
| JP5702976B2 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2015-04-15 | 株式会社東芝 | Sample detection device |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL95019C (en) * | 1952-10-21 | |||
| US2876496A (en) * | 1955-12-16 | 1959-03-10 | Dade Reagents Inc | Process for making tubes |
| US3226464A (en) * | 1961-09-11 | 1965-12-28 | Robert W Saumsiegle | Method for making plastic containers |
| GB1099064A (en) * | 1966-05-10 | 1968-01-10 | Perry Ltd E S | Sealing of tubes of plastics material |
| US3475786A (en) * | 1966-12-30 | 1969-11-04 | Medical Supply Co | Tube closing machine |
| DE2020198A1 (en) * | 1970-04-25 | 1971-11-11 | Fr Plastic Ges F Kunststoff U | Hollow plastic bodies prodn |
| US3929943A (en) * | 1972-10-19 | 1975-12-30 | Du Pont | Process for sealing thermoplastic tube |
| DE2523818A1 (en) * | 1974-05-30 | 1977-05-18 | American Med Electronics | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING SENSOR COVERS FOR ELECTRONIC THERMOMETERS |
-
1978
- 1978-02-21 CA CA297,523A patent/CA1103876A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-02-21 FR FR7804901A patent/FR2380858A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-02-22 JP JP1956978A patent/JPS53118481A/en active Pending
- 1978-02-22 DE DE19782807556 patent/DE2807556A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1978-02-22 GB GB710378A patent/GB1595135A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS53118481A (en) | 1978-10-16 |
| FR2380858A1 (en) | 1978-09-15 |
| GB1595135A (en) | 1981-08-05 |
| DE2807556A1 (en) | 1978-08-24 |
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