CA1103519A - Pourable blasting agents - Google Patents
Pourable blasting agentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1103519A CA1103519A CA300,485A CA300485A CA1103519A CA 1103519 A CA1103519 A CA 1103519A CA 300485 A CA300485 A CA 300485A CA 1103519 A CA1103519 A CA 1103519A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pourable
- blasting agent
- per cent
- water
- lumps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase
- C06B47/14—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase comprising a solid component and an aqueous phase
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A pourable slurried explosive comprising an aggregate of discrete deformable lumps of a water resistant explosive composition with a surface coating of a water immiscible lubricant. The texture of the lump is rubbery. The preferred lubricant is a mineral oil. This blasting agent is easy to manufacture, tolerant of ambient temperature fluctuations in the field and is easy to use.
A pourable slurried explosive comprising an aggregate of discrete deformable lumps of a water resistant explosive composition with a surface coating of a water immiscible lubricant. The texture of the lump is rubbery. The preferred lubricant is a mineral oil. This blasting agent is easy to manufacture, tolerant of ambient temperature fluctuations in the field and is easy to use.
Description
.
This invention relates to pourable blasting agents and is concerned more directly hut not exclusively with ~lasting agents, which are to be poured directly from a bag into a borehole or into a borehole which may contain water.
Several pourable slurrled blasting compositions or water gel slurries have been marketed in recent years. These slurries have in common certain rheological characteristics previously thought essential for this type of product, that isl they are ~luid enough to be poured into a 80 millimetre borehole but cohesive enough to part cleanly from their containing bag and retain their integrity while falling down the borehole. This latter property is important to ensure displacement of any water in the hole and to prevent the slurry from mixing with such water, Fluidity has been attained by the incorporation o~ a non-crosslinked gum, while cohesion relies on the presence of a crosslinked gum. In practice, these gums may be identical, with only a proportion being orosslinked, or they may be dif~erent, one gum being crosslinked and the other not crosslinked. These
This invention relates to pourable blasting agents and is concerned more directly hut not exclusively with ~lasting agents, which are to be poured directly from a bag into a borehole or into a borehole which may contain water.
Several pourable slurrled blasting compositions or water gel slurries have been marketed in recent years. These slurries have in common certain rheological characteristics previously thought essential for this type of product, that isl they are ~luid enough to be poured into a 80 millimetre borehole but cohesive enough to part cleanly from their containing bag and retain their integrity while falling down the borehole. This latter property is important to ensure displacement of any water in the hole and to prevent the slurry from mixing with such water, Fluidity has been attained by the incorporation o~ a non-crosslinked gum, while cohesion relies on the presence of a crosslinked gum. In practice, these gums may be identical, with only a proportion being orosslinked, or they may be dif~erent, one gum being crosslinked and the other not crosslinked. These
2~ two properties, cohesion and ~luidity/ are mutually incsmpatible . . .
s~g and an optimum balance must be found between the amount of crosslinked and non-crosslinked gums present. Manufacturing plan~ control is therefore stringent and, furthermore, the position of this optimum is temperature dependent, A mix, which is despatched aS satisfactory~ may be cold enough on site to prevent pouring or be warm enough to allow borehole water to mix with it.
An object of this invention is to provide a prcduct easily capable of being loaded into a borehcle in an efficient way. A further object of this invention is to avoid the necessity for a delicate balance of rheological properties in the product together with its attendant disadvantaaes.
.
Arising from a programme of experiments, a pourable blasting agent has been originaled which include~ water gel . .
slurries. The essential dlfference between the water gel slurries of this invention and previous pourable slurries of the prior art is that they do not require to be poured in a coherent mass. Instead, a slurry is prepared, containing a much higher proportion of crosslinkeid gum than has hitherto been used so that its consistency is that of a firm rubbery gel. Any explosive having such a consistency is suitable for the practice of this inventionq This gel is then cut into .
~ -3~
~, " ' ' ' ' . . , . - , . , --.. . . .. - . . -.~ 3~
small irregular lumps, typically 2 to 3 centimetres on a side~ and these lumps are coated with a lubricant such as, for example, mineral oil to prever,t adhesion and a~glomeration.
A mass of such small lumps may easily be poured lnto a hole of diameter 80 mill1metres and, if the hole contains water, the weight of the slurry squeezes water out from between the lumps and deforms these lumps so as to leave no water filled voids in the column of slurryO The magnitude of the force squeezing out water and~ therefore, the efficiency with which water is excluded, depends~on the difference in density between the slurry and the water and has been found :~ to be sufficiently grea-t if the slurry density is greater than 192 grams per cubic centimetreO
Lubrication of the lumps as they move over one another and as thay move down the borehole may be improved further by adding a small amount of oil soluble surfactant to .
; - the oil coating the lumps~
Accordingly~ this invention provides a pourable blasting agent comprising an aggregate OT discrete deform~ble lumps of a water resistant explosive composition t which has a rubbery texture, and wherein the lumps have a surface coating.
~ ' , .
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~ ''' ' :
, . . .
~. , .
of a water immiscible lubricantO The lubricant may be a mineral oil and it may comprlse from 0~1 per cent to 10 per-cent of the weight of the explosive compositionO Preferably, it comprises about 1 per cent o~ the weight of the explosive composltionO An amount of oil soluble surfactant dissolved in the oil may vary from zero to 20 per cent of the oil but, preferably1 is in the region of 5 per centO
The sizes of the lumps may vary from 1 centimetre to 7 centimetres or larger but~ preferably~ are between 2 centimetres and 6 cer,timetres7 depending on the diameter of the borehole to be loaded with the bl.asting agentO In every case the sizes of the lumps must be such as to allow them to fall freely down the boreholeO
Where the pourable blasting ogent is a water gel slurry, it is desirable that its density be within a range of densi~ies exceeding 1 gram per cubic centimetre up to 1,4 grams per cubic centimetreO Preferably9 the range of densities is from 1,2 to 1,25 grams per cubic centimetre~
The water content of the slurry may vary from 5 per cent to 25 per cent by weigh-t of the total composition but, ' prsferably, is from 5 per csnt to 12 per cent. The amount ~f , .. .
' 353L~
crosslinked gum present will depend on the water content of the slurry but a typical concentration would be 1 per cent by weight of the slurry~
As indicated above, the process of chopping the S explosive gel into small lumps to enable it to be poured down a borehole need not be limited to wuter gel slurries.O Any blasting agent, which is water resistant (where this property is required) ~nd has a rubbery texture9 would be suitableO
This includes gelignites and bIasting gelatinsO
Typical formulations by weight are as follows:
A B
Oxidiser sa1ts 57 74 (such as ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate~
potassium perchlorate, etc) lS Fuel ~ 20 15 : (such as aluminiuml :glyco7, urea, etc) Surfactant o,~ o Sensitiser (paint fine aluminium) 2,0 1,8 Water ~ : 19 8 ~0 Guar gum ~ 1,2 . ~ast crosslinker 0,~ 0,1 ``?
. Slow crosslinker 0~1 0,1 . -6-, ,, . rhe densi.ty of both these compositions can be controlled by beating in air in various amountsO After crosslinking of the gum, the entrained air bubbles become permanentO The lumps were surface coated with mineral oil.
Both compositions were prepared with densities ranging from 0,9 grams per cubic centimetre to 1,4 grams per cubic centimetre and tested by pouring them into steel pipes, which were filled with waterO The pipes measured 80 millimetres in diameter by 500 millimGtres in length~ Those with ~ density grea.ter than 1 sank and displaced the water : from the pipeO The explosive compositions were then initiated .
with 30 gram Pentolite boosters~ upon which it was ascertained that the density of the slurry was required to be at least 1,2 grams per cubic centimetre for reliable detonationO Those h~ving densities less than this were unable to squeeze .
suf~icien~ water out of the interstices~ so that only partial detonation took placeO
; . Formula A above, contained 19 per cent water and had rather a low power while formula B, with 8 per cent water9 had .
. 20 more than ~mple power to destroy the steel pipe without traceO
, A measurement of the power of composition A on the ballistic .,i ~
-.~ mortar showed 60 per cent of -the power of blasting gelatin in , . .
this test.
,, .
. ~ , , .
., . -7-- :
.. ,,. , - . . ~ . . ., .. : .:: .,. , : ,. :.,. .:,: . 1 , . :; .. ,, . ~ ... .
~3~
. The principal advantages of this invention are:
1) the ease of manu~acturec There are no close tolerance operations involved;
2) its tolerance of ambient temperature f}uctuations 5in the f ield, and
s~g and an optimum balance must be found between the amount of crosslinked and non-crosslinked gums present. Manufacturing plan~ control is therefore stringent and, furthermore, the position of this optimum is temperature dependent, A mix, which is despatched aS satisfactory~ may be cold enough on site to prevent pouring or be warm enough to allow borehole water to mix with it.
An object of this invention is to provide a prcduct easily capable of being loaded into a borehcle in an efficient way. A further object of this invention is to avoid the necessity for a delicate balance of rheological properties in the product together with its attendant disadvantaaes.
.
Arising from a programme of experiments, a pourable blasting agent has been originaled which include~ water gel . .
slurries. The essential dlfference between the water gel slurries of this invention and previous pourable slurries of the prior art is that they do not require to be poured in a coherent mass. Instead, a slurry is prepared, containing a much higher proportion of crosslinkeid gum than has hitherto been used so that its consistency is that of a firm rubbery gel. Any explosive having such a consistency is suitable for the practice of this inventionq This gel is then cut into .
~ -3~
~, " ' ' ' ' . . , . - , . , --.. . . .. - . . -.~ 3~
small irregular lumps, typically 2 to 3 centimetres on a side~ and these lumps are coated with a lubricant such as, for example, mineral oil to prever,t adhesion and a~glomeration.
A mass of such small lumps may easily be poured lnto a hole of diameter 80 mill1metres and, if the hole contains water, the weight of the slurry squeezes water out from between the lumps and deforms these lumps so as to leave no water filled voids in the column of slurryO The magnitude of the force squeezing out water and~ therefore, the efficiency with which water is excluded, depends~on the difference in density between the slurry and the water and has been found :~ to be sufficiently grea-t if the slurry density is greater than 192 grams per cubic centimetreO
Lubrication of the lumps as they move over one another and as thay move down the borehole may be improved further by adding a small amount of oil soluble surfactant to .
; - the oil coating the lumps~
Accordingly~ this invention provides a pourable blasting agent comprising an aggregate OT discrete deform~ble lumps of a water resistant explosive composition t which has a rubbery texture, and wherein the lumps have a surface coating.
~ ' , .
~ -4- ~
~ ''' ' :
, . . .
~. , .
of a water immiscible lubricantO The lubricant may be a mineral oil and it may comprlse from 0~1 per cent to 10 per-cent of the weight of the explosive compositionO Preferably, it comprises about 1 per cent o~ the weight of the explosive composltionO An amount of oil soluble surfactant dissolved in the oil may vary from zero to 20 per cent of the oil but, preferably1 is in the region of 5 per centO
The sizes of the lumps may vary from 1 centimetre to 7 centimetres or larger but~ preferably~ are between 2 centimetres and 6 cer,timetres7 depending on the diameter of the borehole to be loaded with the bl.asting agentO In every case the sizes of the lumps must be such as to allow them to fall freely down the boreholeO
Where the pourable blasting ogent is a water gel slurry, it is desirable that its density be within a range of densi~ies exceeding 1 gram per cubic centimetre up to 1,4 grams per cubic centimetreO Preferably9 the range of densities is from 1,2 to 1,25 grams per cubic centimetre~
The water content of the slurry may vary from 5 per cent to 25 per cent by weigh-t of the total composition but, ' prsferably, is from 5 per csnt to 12 per cent. The amount ~f , .. .
' 353L~
crosslinked gum present will depend on the water content of the slurry but a typical concentration would be 1 per cent by weight of the slurry~
As indicated above, the process of chopping the S explosive gel into small lumps to enable it to be poured down a borehole need not be limited to wuter gel slurries.O Any blasting agent, which is water resistant (where this property is required) ~nd has a rubbery texture9 would be suitableO
This includes gelignites and bIasting gelatinsO
Typical formulations by weight are as follows:
A B
Oxidiser sa1ts 57 74 (such as ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate~
potassium perchlorate, etc) lS Fuel ~ 20 15 : (such as aluminiuml :glyco7, urea, etc) Surfactant o,~ o Sensitiser (paint fine aluminium) 2,0 1,8 Water ~ : 19 8 ~0 Guar gum ~ 1,2 . ~ast crosslinker 0,~ 0,1 ``?
. Slow crosslinker 0~1 0,1 . -6-, ,, . rhe densi.ty of both these compositions can be controlled by beating in air in various amountsO After crosslinking of the gum, the entrained air bubbles become permanentO The lumps were surface coated with mineral oil.
Both compositions were prepared with densities ranging from 0,9 grams per cubic centimetre to 1,4 grams per cubic centimetre and tested by pouring them into steel pipes, which were filled with waterO The pipes measured 80 millimetres in diameter by 500 millimGtres in length~ Those with ~ density grea.ter than 1 sank and displaced the water : from the pipeO The explosive compositions were then initiated .
with 30 gram Pentolite boosters~ upon which it was ascertained that the density of the slurry was required to be at least 1,2 grams per cubic centimetre for reliable detonationO Those h~ving densities less than this were unable to squeeze .
suf~icien~ water out of the interstices~ so that only partial detonation took placeO
; . Formula A above, contained 19 per cent water and had rather a low power while formula B, with 8 per cent water9 had .
. 20 more than ~mple power to destroy the steel pipe without traceO
, A measurement of the power of composition A on the ballistic .,i ~
-.~ mortar showed 60 per cent of -the power of blasting gelatin in , . .
this test.
,, .
. ~ , , .
., . -7-- :
.. ,,. , - . . ~ . . ., .. : .:: .,. , : ,. :.,. .:,: . 1 , . :; .. ,, . ~ ... .
~3~
. The principal advantages of this invention are:
1) the ease of manu~acturec There are no close tolerance operations involved;
2) its tolerance of ambient temperature f}uctuations 5in the f ield, and
3~ its ease of use~ The blasting agent flows down a borehole much more easily than previous pourable slurries described ecrlier in the p-ior crt.
. . ' . ' ~
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Claims
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1, Pourable blasting agent comprising an aggregate of discrete deformable lumps of a water resistant explosive composition, which has a rubbery texture, and wherein the lumps have a surface coating of a water immiscible lubricant, . 2, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the lubricant is a mineral oil.
3. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the amount of oil comprising the surface coating on the lumps is from 0.1 per cent to 10 per cent of the weight of the explosive composition.
4. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the amount of oil is about 1 per cent of the weight of the explosive composition.
5, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the said mineral oil contains dissolved therein a surfactant.
6, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the amount of surfactant is from 0,1 per cent to 20 per cent by weight of the oil.
7, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the amount of surfactant is about 5 per cent of the weight of the oil.
8, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the sizes of the lumps may vary within a range of sizes from 1 centimetre to 7 centimetres.
9. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the range of sizes is from 2 centimetres to 6 centi-metres.
10, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the explosive composition comprises a water gel slurry, 11. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the density of the water gel slurry lies within a range of densities exceeding 1 up to 1,4 grams per cubic centimetre.
12. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the range of densities is from 1.2 to 1,25 grams per cubic centimetre.
13. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the water content of the slurry is from 5 per cent to 25 per cent by weight of the total composition.
14, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 13 wherein the water content is from 5 per cent to 12 per cent by weight of the total composition.
1, Pourable blasting agent comprising an aggregate of discrete deformable lumps of a water resistant explosive composition, which has a rubbery texture, and wherein the lumps have a surface coating of a water immiscible lubricant, . 2, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the lubricant is a mineral oil.
3. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 2 wherein the amount of oil comprising the surface coating on the lumps is from 0.1 per cent to 10 per cent of the weight of the explosive composition.
4. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the amount of oil is about 1 per cent of the weight of the explosive composition.
5, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 2, wherein the said mineral oil contains dissolved therein a surfactant.
6, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the amount of surfactant is from 0,1 per cent to 20 per cent by weight of the oil.
7, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the amount of surfactant is about 5 per cent of the weight of the oil.
8, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the sizes of the lumps may vary within a range of sizes from 1 centimetre to 7 centimetres.
9. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the range of sizes is from 2 centimetres to 6 centi-metres.
10, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the explosive composition comprises a water gel slurry, 11. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the density of the water gel slurry lies within a range of densities exceeding 1 up to 1,4 grams per cubic centimetre.
12. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the range of densities is from 1.2 to 1,25 grams per cubic centimetre.
13. Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 10, wherein the water content of the slurry is from 5 per cent to 25 per cent by weight of the total composition.
14, Pourable blasting agent as claimed in Claim 13 wherein the water content is from 5 per cent to 12 per cent by weight of the total composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA77/2059 | 1977-04-05 | ||
| ZA00772059A ZA772059B (en) | 1977-04-05 | 1977-04-05 | Improvements in and relating to pourable blasting agents |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1103519A true CA1103519A (en) | 1981-06-23 |
Family
ID=25571446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA300,485A Expired CA1103519A (en) | 1977-04-05 | 1978-04-05 | Pourable blasting agents |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU513265B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7802126A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1103519A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1551028A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ186848A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA772059B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO142837C (en) * | 1979-06-01 | 1982-09-16 | Dyno Industrier As | POWDER-SHEET, FUEL-SENSITIVE EXPLOSION WITHOUT EXPLOSIVE COMPONENTS |
-
1977
- 1977-04-05 ZA ZA00772059A patent/ZA772059B/en unknown
-
1978
- 1978-03-28 GB GB11984/78A patent/GB1551028A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-29 AU AU34562/78A patent/AU513265B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-31 NZ NZ186848A patent/NZ186848A/en unknown
- 1978-04-05 BR BR7802126A patent/BR7802126A/en unknown
- 1978-04-05 CA CA300,485A patent/CA1103519A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1551028A (en) | 1979-08-22 |
| BR7802126A (en) | 1978-12-19 |
| NZ186848A (en) | 1979-10-25 |
| ZA772059B (en) | 1978-06-28 |
| AU3456278A (en) | 1979-10-04 |
| AU513265B2 (en) | 1980-11-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |