CA1102638A - Reservoir type water heating device - Google Patents
Reservoir type water heating deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1102638A CA1102638A CA314,901A CA314901A CA1102638A CA 1102638 A CA1102638 A CA 1102638A CA 314901 A CA314901 A CA 314901A CA 1102638 A CA1102638 A CA 1102638A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- drum
- heating device
- water heating
- disposed
- type water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A vertical drum is disposed upon and connected to a combustion chamber through a heat transfer wall. A burner opens in the combustion chamber to face the heat transfer wall and an exhaust tube is connected to the combustion chamber on the lower wall adjacent its periphery and extends horizontally below the drum until it communicates with the atmospher.
A vertical drum is disposed upon and connected to a combustion chamber through a heat transfer wall. A burner opens in the combustion chamber to face the heat transfer wall and an exhaust tube is connected to the combustion chamber on the lower wall adjacent its periphery and extends horizontally below the drum until it communicates with the atmospher.
Description
11~3~63~ , ~i~
RESERVOI:R TYPE WATER HEATIMG DEVICE
B~CKG~OUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a reservoir type water heating device serving as a source of hot water supply used wlth a central hot water supply system or a small-sized central hot water system and more particularly to such a device employing a combustion device as a heating source and especially including an exhaust pipe for exhaust gases due to the combustion.
In central hot water supply systems or small-sized simple hot water supply systems (which supply hot water to the bath, kitchen, washing stand etc. equipped in a single house), the heating source therefor is formed of a reservoir '7r~
type water heating device adapted to be heated by a combustion device. Also in water heating device of the type referred to and including the exhaust pipe through which exhaust gases resulting from the combustion effected by an associated r, combustion device are exhausted outside thereaf, and particularly with petroleum, for example, kerosene used as a ~u~ the combustion device includes frequently a gun type burner.
In conventional reservoir type water heating devices including the~gun type burner, the drum serving as a ~, hot water reservoir is underlaid with a combustion chamber through a heat transfer wall and the burner establishes a flame within the combustion chamber to heat water in the drum. Then a flue formed of a heat transfer material communicates with th combustion chamber and extends centrally .
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~ i;38 . , .'~
~, through the drum to exhaust gaseous combus-tion products to the atmosphere. After the flame has automatically disappeared in the combustion chamber due to the water in the drum reaching a predetermined temperature, heat accumulated in ~;
the water dissipates from the heat -transfer wall and ~lue !j to the atmosphere through the spontaneous convection.
Accordingly, the more an amount of hot water accumulated in the drum the more an quantity of dissipated heat will be resulting in an undesirable problem that an operation eficiency decreases. In view of experiences encountered by the applicants till now, it has been believed that this problem has not been previously noticed by any expert and therefore no countermeasure to solve it is not taken.
Accordingly, it is the principal object o~ the present invention to prevent or suppress heat accumulated in an amount of hot water within a hot water reservoir from dissipating through a ~lue.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved reservoir type water heating device accomplish.ing the principal object as above described in the preceding paragraph.
It is another object of the present invention to improve an outer portion of a reservoir type water heating device for preventing or suppressing the heat dissipation as above described.
;~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a reservoir type . ~ water heat device comprising, in combination, a closed .. . - 2 --. ,, . 'I
. ~, end drums including a hot water reservoir formed therein to ,~, accumulate an amount of hot water, the drum communicating J
with both a ~ater supply pipe and a hot water delivery pipe, combustion means disposed outside of the hot water reservoir includin~ a combustion chamber to heat water within the reservoir through the drum and form gaseous combustion products therein, and an exhaust passageway connected to the combustion chamber to exhaust the gaseous combustion products externally of the combustion chamber therethrough, the exhaust passageway being disposed outside of the hot water reservoir without extending through the latter.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust passageway may be in the form of a tube including a transverse tube portion having one end portion located outside of a space disposed directly under the drum and a ~longltudinal tube portion having one end~connected to the other end of the transverse tube portion and the other end communicatlng with the combustion chamber.
~ ~ In order to inorease the overall efficiency, a ;~ chimney may be vertically disposed outside of the drum so that a lower end thereof is connected to the one end of the transverse tube portion and the chimney includes an upper end connected to a transversely disposed extension tilted downward at a predetermined angle to the hori~ontal.
:: ~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ~EIE DRAWINGS
The~present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction ith the accompanying drawings in w~ioh:
_ . Il~
~ S38 Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view of a ¦ conventional reservoir type water heating device with parts ¦ illustrated in elevation;
¦ Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of one ¦ embodimen-t according to the reservoir type water warming ¦ device of the present invention with parts illustrated in ¦ elevation; and ¦ Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 but iIlustrating a modification of the present invention.
'' ', I : ' .
DESCRIPTION OF T~IE P:REFERRED EMBODIME~TS .
Referring now to Figure l of the drawings, there is illustrated a conventional reservoir type water heating device. The arrangement illustrated comprises a water drum lO, a comubstion chamber 12 disposed on the lower portion of the dxum and surrounded by a heat transfer wall 14 except ng that a bottom surface thereof is formed of the bottom wall of the drum. The drum lO is covered with a heat isolating member 16 and a burner 18 is disposed outside of the lower portion of the heat isolating member 16 to open in the combustion chamber 12. The burner 18 is operative to establish a flame within the combustlon chamber 12 to heat an amount of water 20 filling the drum lO.
Then a flue 22 communicates with the combustion chamber 12 and extends centrally through the drum 10. The flue 22 serves as an exhaust pipe through which gaseous combustion products formed in the combustion chamber 12 axe exhausted to the atmosphere. The flue 22 performs also the function of transferring heat from the gaseous combustion products to the water 2Q disposed in the drum lQ.
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In operation, the water 20 is heated with the ~i flame established within the combustion chambex 12 to 1 accumulate heat therein. When the heated water 2Q reaches a predetermiend temperature, the flame is automatically ., extinguished. After the extinguishment of the 1ame, heat accumulated in the hot water 20 is transmitted through the heat transfer wall 14 and the flue 22 wall and dissipated from inner surfaces thereof due to the spontaneous convention Therefoxe, the larger the amount of hot water disposed in the drum 10 the more an quantity of heat dissipated from the hot water will be resulting in an undesirable problem that an operation efficiency decreases. In view Q~ experiences encountered by the applicants till now, it has been believed that this undesirable problem has not previously no-ticed by any expert and therefore no countermeasure to solve it has not been yet taken.
The quantity of dissipated heat as above described may be expressed by Q = aS~T and hT = tw - ta where Q designates the quantity of dissipated heat in Kcal/hr, a a convention heat transfer rate in Kcal/m2hrC, S a v;
convection heat transfer area in m , tw a temperature on a heat transfer surface in C and ta designates the ambient temperature in C.
In water heatin~ devices commonly marketed in ~i~
Japan the quantlty of dissipated heat Q has a value of 8 x 1. 1 x 70 -. 600 Kcal/hr, because ~, S and ~T have ~enerally s values of 8 Kcal/m hrC, 1.1 m2 and 80 - 10 = 70C
respectively. 3
RESERVOI:R TYPE WATER HEATIMG DEVICE
B~CKG~OUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a reservoir type water heating device serving as a source of hot water supply used wlth a central hot water supply system or a small-sized central hot water system and more particularly to such a device employing a combustion device as a heating source and especially including an exhaust pipe for exhaust gases due to the combustion.
In central hot water supply systems or small-sized simple hot water supply systems (which supply hot water to the bath, kitchen, washing stand etc. equipped in a single house), the heating source therefor is formed of a reservoir '7r~
type water heating device adapted to be heated by a combustion device. Also in water heating device of the type referred to and including the exhaust pipe through which exhaust gases resulting from the combustion effected by an associated r, combustion device are exhausted outside thereaf, and particularly with petroleum, for example, kerosene used as a ~u~ the combustion device includes frequently a gun type burner.
In conventional reservoir type water heating devices including the~gun type burner, the drum serving as a ~, hot water reservoir is underlaid with a combustion chamber through a heat transfer wall and the burner establishes a flame within the combustion chamber to heat water in the drum. Then a flue formed of a heat transfer material communicates with th combustion chamber and extends centrally .
.
~ i;38 . , .'~
~, through the drum to exhaust gaseous combus-tion products to the atmosphere. After the flame has automatically disappeared in the combustion chamber due to the water in the drum reaching a predetermined temperature, heat accumulated in ~;
the water dissipates from the heat -transfer wall and ~lue !j to the atmosphere through the spontaneous convection.
Accordingly, the more an amount of hot water accumulated in the drum the more an quantity of dissipated heat will be resulting in an undesirable problem that an operation eficiency decreases. In view of experiences encountered by the applicants till now, it has been believed that this problem has not been previously noticed by any expert and therefore no countermeasure to solve it is not taken.
Accordingly, it is the principal object o~ the present invention to prevent or suppress heat accumulated in an amount of hot water within a hot water reservoir from dissipating through a ~lue.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved reservoir type water heating device accomplish.ing the principal object as above described in the preceding paragraph.
It is another object of the present invention to improve an outer portion of a reservoir type water heating device for preventing or suppressing the heat dissipation as above described.
;~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a reservoir type . ~ water heat device comprising, in combination, a closed .. . - 2 --. ,, . 'I
. ~, end drums including a hot water reservoir formed therein to ,~, accumulate an amount of hot water, the drum communicating J
with both a ~ater supply pipe and a hot water delivery pipe, combustion means disposed outside of the hot water reservoir includin~ a combustion chamber to heat water within the reservoir through the drum and form gaseous combustion products therein, and an exhaust passageway connected to the combustion chamber to exhaust the gaseous combustion products externally of the combustion chamber therethrough, the exhaust passageway being disposed outside of the hot water reservoir without extending through the latter.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust passageway may be in the form of a tube including a transverse tube portion having one end portion located outside of a space disposed directly under the drum and a ~longltudinal tube portion having one end~connected to the other end of the transverse tube portion and the other end communicatlng with the combustion chamber.
~ ~ In order to inorease the overall efficiency, a ;~ chimney may be vertically disposed outside of the drum so that a lower end thereof is connected to the one end of the transverse tube portion and the chimney includes an upper end connected to a transversely disposed extension tilted downward at a predetermined angle to the hori~ontal.
:: ~
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF ~EIE DRAWINGS
The~present invention will become more readily apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction ith the accompanying drawings in w~ioh:
_ . Il~
~ S38 Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view of a ¦ conventional reservoir type water heating device with parts ¦ illustrated in elevation;
¦ Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of one ¦ embodimen-t according to the reservoir type water warming ¦ device of the present invention with parts illustrated in ¦ elevation; and ¦ Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2 but iIlustrating a modification of the present invention.
'' ', I : ' .
DESCRIPTION OF T~IE P:REFERRED EMBODIME~TS .
Referring now to Figure l of the drawings, there is illustrated a conventional reservoir type water heating device. The arrangement illustrated comprises a water drum lO, a comubstion chamber 12 disposed on the lower portion of the dxum and surrounded by a heat transfer wall 14 except ng that a bottom surface thereof is formed of the bottom wall of the drum. The drum lO is covered with a heat isolating member 16 and a burner 18 is disposed outside of the lower portion of the heat isolating member 16 to open in the combustion chamber 12. The burner 18 is operative to establish a flame within the combustlon chamber 12 to heat an amount of water 20 filling the drum lO.
Then a flue 22 communicates with the combustion chamber 12 and extends centrally through the drum 10. The flue 22 serves as an exhaust pipe through which gaseous combustion products formed in the combustion chamber 12 axe exhausted to the atmosphere. The flue 22 performs also the function of transferring heat from the gaseous combustion products to the water 2Q disposed in the drum lQ.
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In operation, the water 20 is heated with the ~i flame established within the combustion chambex 12 to 1 accumulate heat therein. When the heated water 2Q reaches a predetermiend temperature, the flame is automatically ., extinguished. After the extinguishment of the 1ame, heat accumulated in the hot water 20 is transmitted through the heat transfer wall 14 and the flue 22 wall and dissipated from inner surfaces thereof due to the spontaneous convention Therefoxe, the larger the amount of hot water disposed in the drum 10 the more an quantity of heat dissipated from the hot water will be resulting in an undesirable problem that an operation efficiency decreases. In view Q~ experiences encountered by the applicants till now, it has been believed that this undesirable problem has not previously no-ticed by any expert and therefore no countermeasure to solve it has not been yet taken.
The quantity of dissipated heat as above described may be expressed by Q = aS~T and hT = tw - ta where Q designates the quantity of dissipated heat in Kcal/hr, a a convention heat transfer rate in Kcal/m2hrC, S a v;
convection heat transfer area in m , tw a temperature on a heat transfer surface in C and ta designates the ambient temperature in C.
In water heatin~ devices commonly marketed in ~i~
Japan the quantlty of dissipated heat Q has a value of 8 x 1. 1 x 70 -. 600 Kcal/hr, because ~, S and ~T have ~enerally s values of 8 Kcal/m hrC, 1.1 m2 and 80 - 10 = 70C
respectively. 3
2~38 Each home served with a simple central hot water- 71 supply system has usually a burden of hot water supply on f the order of 20,Q00 Kcal a day which figure averages 1,500 Kcal/hr to twelve hours.~ Therefore it can be understood 7 that the quantity of dissipated heat as above calculated is large as compared with the mean figure just specified.
Also comventional gun type burners are handy, on the one side apd actually not so good in combustive property as~well as being unavoidable to produce some amount of soot ; due to their destined diffusion combustion, on the other hand. Further, with fIames caused from this difusion combustion, the direct contact of the flames with an adjacent cold heat transfer wall or the like has resulted ln one of causes for sooting. This has led to the necessity of making - ~ ~ the particular combustion chamber large by taking account of ~a sufficient margin. ~ ~
On the other hand, in order to increase an efficiency of heat exhange, it~is re~uired to increase a ; Reynolds number of a heat transfer portion. This results in the necesslty of increasing flow speeds of associated fluids or to decrease a hydraulic diameter involved. However, because of a fear that the heat transfer wall is sooted, the . ~ ~ ~efficiency of heat exchange can not be so much increased and ~ ~usually ranges from a~out 60 to about 75~. Accordingly even 7~ with the quantity of dissipated heat in view, the actual efficlency of operation is of about 50 to about 60~ resulting -¦
l in the waste of thermal energy.
; Referring now to Figure 2, there is illustrated a reservoir type watcr~heating device according to th_ present . ~ ll , , ~, . .
6~18 invention. The arrangement illustrated comprises a vertically f., disposed metallic drum lO in the form of a hollow cylinder including an upper end closed with an apertured dome-shaped wall lOA and a lower end closed with a combustion chamber 12 :~
of generally crescent section to form a hot water reservoir LQ~_therein. The combustion chamber 12 includes an upper heat transfer wall l~ formed of any suitable metallic material to be spherically convex toward the interior of the drum lO
with its periphery connected in watertight relationship with the bo~tom of the drum and a lower metallic wall ln the form of a truncated cone including a central aperture and a periphery rigidly connected to the bottom of the drum lO. A
cylindrical burner 18 is coaxially disposed in the truncated cone and opens in the central aperture on the lower wall of the combustion chamber 12~to face a heated surface 14A
formed of the lower surface as viewed in Figure 2 of the heat transfer wall 14. :
The lnterior of.the drum lO or reservoir lOB is ~illed with an amount of water to be heated or hot water ;~
deslgnated by the reference numeral 20 and -the outside of the drum is surrounded by a well known heat insulating material 16. As shown in Figure 2, a portion of the heat .
insulating material I6A surrounds in contact relationship the outer peripheral wall of the drum lO, another portion f ~i the heat insulating material 16B is disposed on the dome- :~
shaped wall lOA of the drum 10 and still another portion of the heat insulating ma~terial 16C is suitably secured to the lower surface of the lower wall of the combustion chamber 12 located bel the bottom of the drum.
. 7 _ . ~ ~ ~
¦ The drum 10 is en closed wi~hin a coaxial metal ¦ enclosure 24 with a top cover to sandwich the portions o~
the heat insulati ng material 16A and 16B therebetween. Then Z
a hot water deliv ery pipe 26 is extendea and sealed through the top enclosure cover and to be snugly ~itted into an 1y aperture on the d ome-shaped drwm wall lOA while a water sùpply pipe 28 is extended and sealed through the enclosure 24 at its level s ubstantially equal to that of the central portion oP the com bustion chamber 12 and then extended through the adjac ent part of the portion of the heat insulating materi al 16A until it opens ln the interior of the drum 10.
In~this way, the drum lO, the enclosure 24 and the associated compone nts are connected lnto a uni-tary structure 1~ and supported by a plurality of leg members 30 (only two of which are illustrated) standing up on the foundation. Then a hollow cylindrical casing 32 substantially equal in diameter to the enclosure 24 is suitably connected to the bottom of the enclosure 24 to define an upper space 34 occupied by the combustion chamber 12 and the substantial portion of the burner 18 and a lower space 36 overlaid with the space 34 along ith the upper heat transfer wall 14 and a bottom plate ~ closing the lower end thereof. The bottom plate 38 I is located below the burner 18 to be spaced away from the latter by a predetermined dis-tance.
The burner 18 is operatéd to burn a mixture of an atomized liquid fuel formed through the vaporizatlon and the primary air. The liquid fuel may comprise kerosene. To thi, end, an electromagnetic pump 40 of the well known - 8 - li ll~Z~
construction is disposed in the lower space 36 to be spaced away from the burner 18 by a predetermined distance and ;~
connected to khe latter -through a fuel feed tube 42. A ~, constant oil-level device 44 is disposed on the bottom plate f 38 and overlaid with the pump 40. The constant oil-level device 44 is well known in the art and adapted to be supplied f with a fuel from an external oil reservoir (not shown) through a fuel supply pipe 44A extending throu~h the casing f 32. In order to supply the primary air or burning air to flf the burner 18, a blower 46 is mounted to the ~ottom plate 38 il and connected to the burner 18 through an air supply tube.
The blower 46 is also spaced away from the burner 18 by a predetermined distance.
As the burner 18 is operative to stop the burning ~`
when the water 20 reaches~a predetermined temperature and to f effect again the burning in response to the water decreasing to another predetermined temperature lower than the 3 firstmentioned predetermined temperature. Components for controlling the operation of the burner are also disposed if within the lower space 36 although such components are not ~
illustrated. f As shown in Figure 2, an exhaust passageway 48 in h the form of a metallic tube includes a transverse tube f portion horizontally disposed to extend parpendicularly through the casing 32 and having one end portion disposed ff outside of the space 36 ~ffUSt located below the drum 10. The '!
exhaust tube 48 also includes a longitudinal tube portion ~, 48A connected to the other end of the transverse tube portion f and extending upward in the ~orm of a bend to open in the ~.9~
6~8 1 ' conical portion of the lower wall o~ -the combustion chamber 12 adjacent to the periphery thereof. The exhaust passageway 48 is encircled by an air feed passaqeway 50 in the form of ~, a metalli tube to form an air annular passageway therebetween. ~?
The air feed tube 50 includes a closed encl adjacent to that end of the exhaust`tube 48 opening in the combustion chamber 12 and communicates with the blower 46 on the suction side.
The air feed tube 50 also extends through the casing 32 while it forms a double tube structrure with the exhaust tube 48.
Then the exhaust and feed passageways 48 and 50 respectively are connected to a combined feed and exhaust duct 52 extending through an opening 54A disposed on a wall 54. More specifically, the exhaust passageway 48 is connected to an inner tube portion 52~ of the duct 42 through an extension 56 thereof while the air feed passageway 50 is connected to an outer tube portion 52B encircling the inner tube portion 52 through a connection tube 58 disposed to be spaced away from the extension 56. The inner tube portion 52A serves to exhaust gaseous combustion products formed in the combustion chamber 12 to the atmospher while the outer tube portion 52B serves to suck the air to deliver it to the blower.
From the foregoing it is seen that a combustion J~
device generally designated by the reference numeral 60 is formed of the combustion chamber 18, the electromagnetic pump 40, the constant oil-level device 44, the blower 46, the exhaust passageway 48, the air feed passageway 50 etc.
and supported by the leg members 30 and the bo-ttom plate 38.
I .
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63~1 In operation the burner 18 heats the amount of water 20 in the reservoir lOB while gaseous combustion products are exhausted through the exhaust tube 48 and the associated components. When the water 20 reaches its prede- d termined temperature, the burning is stopped at and after which heat accumulatied in the water :is dissipated through the heat transfer wall 12. However, since the exhaust tube 48 is lowered in level than the heat transfer wall 12, -the convection causes no heat dissipation. In other words, thermaI energy remains in the combustion chamber 12 without escaping therefrom. Also the heat transfer wall 14 is located at the bottom rather than the upper or peripheral wall of the drum 10 while the water forms a temperature boundary haviny a lo~ temperature in the lower portion of the drum 1~ due to its convention. As a result, the heat transfer wall is put at a low temperature and accordinglv a temperature difference between the heat transfer wall 14 and air within the combustion chamber 12 becomes small. This 3 results in a decrease in amount of dissipated heat. That is, when the heat dissipation through the heat transfer wall 14 proceeds more, an amount of dissipated heat therethrough is more decreased. This results in an increase in overall efEiciency.
When the hot water 20 is delivered through the hot water delivery pipe 36 and cold water automatically replenishes the drum's interior ox hot water reservoir lOA, through the water supply pipe 28 until the water 20 is lowered to its predegermined temperature. At that time, the combustion device 25 is initiated automatically to effect , the burning to heat the water 20 as in the prior art practice.
Until the water reaches the predetermined temperature higher than that just described.
The process as above described is repeated to accumulate always the hot water 20 in -the reservoir ~ .
Figure 3 shows a modification of the presen-t invention. The arrangement illustrated is diEferent from that shown in Figure 2 only in that in Figure 3, a chimney 62 is connected to the exhaust tube 48 outside of the enclosure 24. The chimney 62 with a relatively small diameter ll includes a vertical portion 62A connected to the lower end as viewed in Figure 3 of the exhaust tube 48 and a lateral portion 62B connected to the upper end of the vertical portion 62A to be tilted downward at an angle of five degrees or more to~the horizontal. The lateral portion 62B extends 3 beyond the room to permit the gaseous combustion products to be exhausted to the atmosphere. Further, the vertical chimney portion 62A is provided on the lower end with a J
drain tube 64 for delivering drains formed in the chimney to J
the outside of the latter.
In the arrangement illustrated, the chimney 62 has its inlet and outlet temperature small in difference there-between with the result that a heat loss due to the convection or draft become small. In additon, as the lateral chinmey portion 62B is til-ted to the horizontal, drains and rain water are prevented from being intruded into the interior of the chimney 62.
From the foregoing it is seen that the prsent invention provides a reservoir type water heating device .
~, . 1.
110~631~1 ~
having a high heat efficiency. For example, the embodiment ~.
shown in each of Figures 2. and 3 has a quan~ity of dissipated heat of from 75 - lO0 Kcal/hr during no cumbusion, an efficiency of heat exhcange of about 85% and an operation efficiency of abou~ 80%.
While the present invention has been illustrated and described in conjunction with a few preferred embodiments thereof it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be resorted to without departing from the s~ir t nd ~ ~e E th~ pr ~ t inveAt o .
:
~
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... ,. . .. , ~ . .
Also comventional gun type burners are handy, on the one side apd actually not so good in combustive property as~well as being unavoidable to produce some amount of soot ; due to their destined diffusion combustion, on the other hand. Further, with fIames caused from this difusion combustion, the direct contact of the flames with an adjacent cold heat transfer wall or the like has resulted ln one of causes for sooting. This has led to the necessity of making - ~ ~ the particular combustion chamber large by taking account of ~a sufficient margin. ~ ~
On the other hand, in order to increase an efficiency of heat exhange, it~is re~uired to increase a ; Reynolds number of a heat transfer portion. This results in the necesslty of increasing flow speeds of associated fluids or to decrease a hydraulic diameter involved. However, because of a fear that the heat transfer wall is sooted, the . ~ ~ ~efficiency of heat exchange can not be so much increased and ~ ~usually ranges from a~out 60 to about 75~. Accordingly even 7~ with the quantity of dissipated heat in view, the actual efficlency of operation is of about 50 to about 60~ resulting -¦
l in the waste of thermal energy.
; Referring now to Figure 2, there is illustrated a reservoir type watcr~heating device according to th_ present . ~ ll , , ~, . .
6~18 invention. The arrangement illustrated comprises a vertically f., disposed metallic drum lO in the form of a hollow cylinder including an upper end closed with an apertured dome-shaped wall lOA and a lower end closed with a combustion chamber 12 :~
of generally crescent section to form a hot water reservoir LQ~_therein. The combustion chamber 12 includes an upper heat transfer wall l~ formed of any suitable metallic material to be spherically convex toward the interior of the drum lO
with its periphery connected in watertight relationship with the bo~tom of the drum and a lower metallic wall ln the form of a truncated cone including a central aperture and a periphery rigidly connected to the bottom of the drum lO. A
cylindrical burner 18 is coaxially disposed in the truncated cone and opens in the central aperture on the lower wall of the combustion chamber 12~to face a heated surface 14A
formed of the lower surface as viewed in Figure 2 of the heat transfer wall 14. :
The lnterior of.the drum lO or reservoir lOB is ~illed with an amount of water to be heated or hot water ;~
deslgnated by the reference numeral 20 and -the outside of the drum is surrounded by a well known heat insulating material 16. As shown in Figure 2, a portion of the heat .
insulating material I6A surrounds in contact relationship the outer peripheral wall of the drum lO, another portion f ~i the heat insulating material 16B is disposed on the dome- :~
shaped wall lOA of the drum 10 and still another portion of the heat insulating ma~terial 16C is suitably secured to the lower surface of the lower wall of the combustion chamber 12 located bel the bottom of the drum.
. 7 _ . ~ ~ ~
¦ The drum 10 is en closed wi~hin a coaxial metal ¦ enclosure 24 with a top cover to sandwich the portions o~
the heat insulati ng material 16A and 16B therebetween. Then Z
a hot water deliv ery pipe 26 is extendea and sealed through the top enclosure cover and to be snugly ~itted into an 1y aperture on the d ome-shaped drwm wall lOA while a water sùpply pipe 28 is extended and sealed through the enclosure 24 at its level s ubstantially equal to that of the central portion oP the com bustion chamber 12 and then extended through the adjac ent part of the portion of the heat insulating materi al 16A until it opens ln the interior of the drum 10.
In~this way, the drum lO, the enclosure 24 and the associated compone nts are connected lnto a uni-tary structure 1~ and supported by a plurality of leg members 30 (only two of which are illustrated) standing up on the foundation. Then a hollow cylindrical casing 32 substantially equal in diameter to the enclosure 24 is suitably connected to the bottom of the enclosure 24 to define an upper space 34 occupied by the combustion chamber 12 and the substantial portion of the burner 18 and a lower space 36 overlaid with the space 34 along ith the upper heat transfer wall 14 and a bottom plate ~ closing the lower end thereof. The bottom plate 38 I is located below the burner 18 to be spaced away from the latter by a predetermined dis-tance.
The burner 18 is operatéd to burn a mixture of an atomized liquid fuel formed through the vaporizatlon and the primary air. The liquid fuel may comprise kerosene. To thi, end, an electromagnetic pump 40 of the well known - 8 - li ll~Z~
construction is disposed in the lower space 36 to be spaced away from the burner 18 by a predetermined distance and ;~
connected to khe latter -through a fuel feed tube 42. A ~, constant oil-level device 44 is disposed on the bottom plate f 38 and overlaid with the pump 40. The constant oil-level device 44 is well known in the art and adapted to be supplied f with a fuel from an external oil reservoir (not shown) through a fuel supply pipe 44A extending throu~h the casing f 32. In order to supply the primary air or burning air to flf the burner 18, a blower 46 is mounted to the ~ottom plate 38 il and connected to the burner 18 through an air supply tube.
The blower 46 is also spaced away from the burner 18 by a predetermined distance.
As the burner 18 is operative to stop the burning ~`
when the water 20 reaches~a predetermined temperature and to f effect again the burning in response to the water decreasing to another predetermined temperature lower than the 3 firstmentioned predetermined temperature. Components for controlling the operation of the burner are also disposed if within the lower space 36 although such components are not ~
illustrated. f As shown in Figure 2, an exhaust passageway 48 in h the form of a metallic tube includes a transverse tube f portion horizontally disposed to extend parpendicularly through the casing 32 and having one end portion disposed ff outside of the space 36 ~ffUSt located below the drum 10. The '!
exhaust tube 48 also includes a longitudinal tube portion ~, 48A connected to the other end of the transverse tube portion f and extending upward in the ~orm of a bend to open in the ~.9~
6~8 1 ' conical portion of the lower wall o~ -the combustion chamber 12 adjacent to the periphery thereof. The exhaust passageway 48 is encircled by an air feed passaqeway 50 in the form of ~, a metalli tube to form an air annular passageway therebetween. ~?
The air feed tube 50 includes a closed encl adjacent to that end of the exhaust`tube 48 opening in the combustion chamber 12 and communicates with the blower 46 on the suction side.
The air feed tube 50 also extends through the casing 32 while it forms a double tube structrure with the exhaust tube 48.
Then the exhaust and feed passageways 48 and 50 respectively are connected to a combined feed and exhaust duct 52 extending through an opening 54A disposed on a wall 54. More specifically, the exhaust passageway 48 is connected to an inner tube portion 52~ of the duct 42 through an extension 56 thereof while the air feed passageway 50 is connected to an outer tube portion 52B encircling the inner tube portion 52 through a connection tube 58 disposed to be spaced away from the extension 56. The inner tube portion 52A serves to exhaust gaseous combustion products formed in the combustion chamber 12 to the atmospher while the outer tube portion 52B serves to suck the air to deliver it to the blower.
From the foregoing it is seen that a combustion J~
device generally designated by the reference numeral 60 is formed of the combustion chamber 18, the electromagnetic pump 40, the constant oil-level device 44, the blower 46, the exhaust passageway 48, the air feed passageway 50 etc.
and supported by the leg members 30 and the bo-ttom plate 38.
I .
I .`
.
63~1 In operation the burner 18 heats the amount of water 20 in the reservoir lOB while gaseous combustion products are exhausted through the exhaust tube 48 and the associated components. When the water 20 reaches its prede- d termined temperature, the burning is stopped at and after which heat accumulatied in the water :is dissipated through the heat transfer wall 12. However, since the exhaust tube 48 is lowered in level than the heat transfer wall 12, -the convection causes no heat dissipation. In other words, thermaI energy remains in the combustion chamber 12 without escaping therefrom. Also the heat transfer wall 14 is located at the bottom rather than the upper or peripheral wall of the drum 10 while the water forms a temperature boundary haviny a lo~ temperature in the lower portion of the drum 1~ due to its convention. As a result, the heat transfer wall is put at a low temperature and accordinglv a temperature difference between the heat transfer wall 14 and air within the combustion chamber 12 becomes small. This 3 results in a decrease in amount of dissipated heat. That is, when the heat dissipation through the heat transfer wall 14 proceeds more, an amount of dissipated heat therethrough is more decreased. This results in an increase in overall efEiciency.
When the hot water 20 is delivered through the hot water delivery pipe 36 and cold water automatically replenishes the drum's interior ox hot water reservoir lOA, through the water supply pipe 28 until the water 20 is lowered to its predegermined temperature. At that time, the combustion device 25 is initiated automatically to effect , the burning to heat the water 20 as in the prior art practice.
Until the water reaches the predetermined temperature higher than that just described.
The process as above described is repeated to accumulate always the hot water 20 in -the reservoir ~ .
Figure 3 shows a modification of the presen-t invention. The arrangement illustrated is diEferent from that shown in Figure 2 only in that in Figure 3, a chimney 62 is connected to the exhaust tube 48 outside of the enclosure 24. The chimney 62 with a relatively small diameter ll includes a vertical portion 62A connected to the lower end as viewed in Figure 3 of the exhaust tube 48 and a lateral portion 62B connected to the upper end of the vertical portion 62A to be tilted downward at an angle of five degrees or more to~the horizontal. The lateral portion 62B extends 3 beyond the room to permit the gaseous combustion products to be exhausted to the atmosphere. Further, the vertical chimney portion 62A is provided on the lower end with a J
drain tube 64 for delivering drains formed in the chimney to J
the outside of the latter.
In the arrangement illustrated, the chimney 62 has its inlet and outlet temperature small in difference there-between with the result that a heat loss due to the convection or draft become small. In additon, as the lateral chinmey portion 62B is til-ted to the horizontal, drains and rain water are prevented from being intruded into the interior of the chimney 62.
From the foregoing it is seen that the prsent invention provides a reservoir type water heating device .
~, . 1.
110~631~1 ~
having a high heat efficiency. For example, the embodiment ~.
shown in each of Figures 2. and 3 has a quan~ity of dissipated heat of from 75 - lO0 Kcal/hr during no cumbusion, an efficiency of heat exhcange of about 85% and an operation efficiency of abou~ 80%.
While the present invention has been illustrated and described in conjunction with a few preferred embodiments thereof it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be resorted to without departing from the s~ir t nd ~ ~e E th~ pr ~ t inveAt o .
:
~
- 13 - ~
, , ~
~
... ,. . .. , ~ . .
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A reservoir type water heating device comprising, in combination, a closed end drum including a hot water reservoir formed therein to accumulate an amount of hot water, said drum communicating with both a water feed pipe and a hot water delivery pipe, combustion means disposed below said reservoir to heat water within said reservoir through said drum, a heated surface member, at a lower end of said drum including a central portion higher in level than a peripheral portion to define one side of a space, said combustion means including a combustion chamber disposed in said space and a burner vertically disposed in coaxial relationship with said heated surface member, an exhaust passageway including one end opening in a peripheral portion of said combustion chamber on the lower side, an intermediate portion disposed below said drum and the other end opening outside of the device proper, a pump for supplying a liquid fuel to said burner, and a blower for supplying burning air to said burner, both said pump and said blower being disposed below said burner.
2. A reservoir type water heating device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said exhaust passageway is in the form of a tube including a transverse tube portion having one end portion located outside of said space and a longitudinal tube portion having one end connected to the other end of said transverse tube portion and the other end communicating with the interior of said combustion chamber.
3. A reservoir type water heating device as claimed in claim 1 wherein a plurality of leg members are disposed in spaced relationship to support said drum, and form said space, said pump and blower being secured to a bottom plate disposed below said burner to be spaced away from the latter by a predetermined distance.
4. A reservoir type water heating device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said water feed pipe is connected to a lateral peripheral wall of said drum and said hot water delivery pipe is connected to the central portion of an upper wall of said drum.
5. A reservoir type water heating device as claim 1, wherein an outer enclosure is disposed to encircle said drum to form an annular spacing having a predetermined width therebetween and a heat insulating material fills said spacing.
6. A reservoir type water heating device as claimed in claim 1, wherein an air feed passageway is disposed below a peripheral portion of said combustion chamber to encircle said exhaust passageway, said air feed passageway including one end communicating with a suction side of said blower and the other end communicating with the atmosphere.
7. A reservoir type water heating device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a chimney is vertically disposed outside of said drum so that a lower end thereof is connected to said one end of said transverse tube portion.
8. A reservoir type water heating device as claimed in claim 1, wherein both said pump and said blower are disposed to be spaced away from said burner by predetermined distances.
9. A reservoir type water heating device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said chimney includes an upper end connected to a transversely disposed extension, tilted downward at a predetermined angle to the horizontal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA314,901A CA1102638A (en) | 1978-10-30 | 1978-10-30 | Reservoir type water heating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA314,901A CA1102638A (en) | 1978-10-30 | 1978-10-30 | Reservoir type water heating device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1102638A true CA1102638A (en) | 1981-06-09 |
Family
ID=4112767
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA314,901A Expired CA1102638A (en) | 1978-10-30 | 1978-10-30 | Reservoir type water heating device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1102638A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-10-30 CA CA314,901A patent/CA1102638A/en not_active Expired
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| MKEX | Expiry |