CA1102289A - Arrangement for transferring heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air supplied to said volume - Google Patents
Arrangement for transferring heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air supplied to said volumeInfo
- Publication number
- CA1102289A CA1102289A CA352,658A CA352658A CA1102289A CA 1102289 A CA1102289 A CA 1102289A CA 352658 A CA352658 A CA 352658A CA 1102289 A CA1102289 A CA 1102289A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- heat
- circuit
- arrangement
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract There is provided a heat exchanger system for transfer of heat in the warm exhaust air from a mine to the cold input air flow to the mine. In the system there is provided a heat supply means, which supplies heat, recov-ered from the exhaust air, to the input air heat exchanger when an exhaust air heat exchanger is disconnected for defrosting.
Description
The present invention relates to an arrangement ~r the transfer of heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume, such as a mine or the like, to the input air to said volume, comprising a liquid filled circuit with at least one first circulation pump at least one first heat exchanger arranged in contact with the input airflow and at least one second heat exchanger arranged in contact with the exhaust airflow.
There is an advantage to be gained by recovering the heat contained in the exhaust air leaving dwelling houses, industrial premises, mines et-cetera. One known method of achieving this objective to a certain ex~ent, is to arrange a heat-exchanger in the exhaust air duct or line, which cools the exhaust air and consequently absorbs part of its heat content, and to arrange a heat exchanger in the air input duc~ or line, in order to heat up the input air. The two heat exchangers are coupled together through a circuit containing a circulation pump. As heat transfer medium in the circuit, it is possible to use a liquid such as a water-glycol mix~ure so ; that the heat transfer medium is prevented from freczing in the heat ex changers in the situation where the air temperatures are extremely low.
One problem occurring with this kind of known arrangemen~ is that it is not possible to cool the exhaust air to too great an ex~ent without
There is an advantage to be gained by recovering the heat contained in the exhaust air leaving dwelling houses, industrial premises, mines et-cetera. One known method of achieving this objective to a certain ex~ent, is to arrange a heat-exchanger in the exhaust air duct or line, which cools the exhaust air and consequently absorbs part of its heat content, and to arrange a heat exchanger in the air input duc~ or line, in order to heat up the input air. The two heat exchangers are coupled together through a circuit containing a circulation pump. As heat transfer medium in the circuit, it is possible to use a liquid such as a water-glycol mix~ure so ; that the heat transfer medium is prevented from freczing in the heat ex changers in the situation where the air temperatures are extremely low.
One problem occurring with this kind of known arrangemen~ is that it is not possible to cool the exhaust air to too great an ex~ent without
2~ the liquid content which is always present in the warm exhaust air, con-densing on the surface of the heat exchanger which cools this air, so that it forms frost or ice on the heat exchanger if the exit temperature of the exhaust air becomes low. Frost formation or icing on the surface of the exhaust air heat exchanger impedes heat transfer and also increases the resistance in the exhaust air duct. This icing or frost formation can ultimately lead to blockage of the exhaust air duct. This phenomenon imposes a limit on the extent to which the exhaust air can be cooled and -~:' ., .' , ,, ' .: ' ' , .
~ ,: '' ' therefore upon how much heat can be recovered.
In a particular example, the exhaus-t air from a mine is at a tem-perature of about 7C. As soon as the exhaust air is cooled down to the neighbourhood of 0C by the exhaus~ air heat exchanger, frost and ice begin to form on ~he heat exchanger surfaceA If the input air to the mine has a temperature of for example -25C, then only about 25% of the total heat energy supplied to the input air can be recovered if severe frost formation and icing on the exhaust air heat exchanger is to be avoided. It is an objective of major importance from the economic and fuel policy points of view to develop arrangements which will increase the fraction of recov-erable heat energy without any risk of malfunctioning in the arrangement due to icing or frost formation.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided in an apparatus for transfer of heat from warm exhaust air leaving an en-closed volume such as a mine via an exhaust conduit to cold input air supplied to said volume via a supply conduit comprising a glycol-water filled circuit, a circulation pump in said circuit, a first heat exchanger in said circuit, arranged in said supply conduit, a second heat exchanger in said circuit, ar-ranged in said exhaust conduit, the improvement comprising a heat store o the stratified liquid-layer type, the hot side of which is coupled to the hot side of the circuit and the cold side of which is coupled to the cold side of said circuit, valve means for deflecting part of the ho~ circuit liquid into said store during normal operation, and a shut off valve in said circuit between the hot side of the heat store and said second heat exchanger, whereby the flow of cold liquid through said second heat exchanger can be interrupted such that the warm exhaust air will defrost said second heat exchanger whilst said circulation pump feeds hot liquid from the heat store ":`
- ~ , .
through the first heat exchanger such that the heating of the input air flow is maintained.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is pro-vided an arrangement for the transfer of heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air to said volume comprising:
a liquid-filled circuit having;
at leas~ one first circulation pump;
at least one first heat exchanger arranged in contact with said input airflow;
at least one second heat exchanger arranged in con~act with said exhaust airflow;
at least one by-pass line arranged in said circuit in parallel with said second heat exchanger;
means for controlling the liquid flow through said second heat exchanger; and, layer type heat store means for supplying heat to said first heat exehanger in the form of heat extracted from said exhaust air~ while said second heat exchanger is disconnected for defrosting, having the hot side thereof coupled to said liquid circuit between the output of said second heat exchanger and the input of said first heat exchanger and having the cold side thereof coupled to said liquid circuit between the output of the first heat exchanger and the input of said second heat exchanger, whereby said hea* store constitutes said by-pass line.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention:
Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention; and ~ 3 -'' :- ,' ' '' , ~:
Figures 2 and 3 illus~rate two embodiments o the invention in which an auxiliary heat source is provided in order to facilitate defrosting.
~ igure 1 schematically illustrates an enclosed volume 1 such as a mine or the like, with an air supply duct 2 and an exhaust air duct 3. Fans are normally provided, although not illustrated here, in order to circulate the air through the volume 1 A first heat exchanger 4 is arranged in the air supply duct 2. A second heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the exhaust air duc~ 3. The heat exchangers ~ and 5 are connected into a closed, liquid filled circuit 6. The liquid can consist of a water-glycol mixture. A by-pass line is arranged across the second heat exchanger 5. A heat store 8 of layer design is connected into the circuit 6 and its cold side connected to the by-pass line 7. The circuit 6 exhibits a circulation pump 18 which maintains circulation of the liquid through at least the firs~ heat exchanger 4. The circuit 6, between the heat store 8 and the second heat exchanger 5, contains an element 9. The element 9 can be constituted by a shut-off valve or a reversible circulation pump.
In operation of the installation shown in Figure 1, with the temperature relationships set out for example in the drawing, after a rela-tively short period of time icing and frost formation occur at the second heat exchanger 5. As icing gradually begins to restrict heat exchange be-tween the exhaust air and the liquid in the circuit 6, the valve 9 can be closed down. This means tha~ the exhaust air, having for example a tem-perature of 7C, brings about defrosting of the second heat exchanger whilst the heat supply to the heat exchanger 4 is maintained by means of the layer of hot liquid collected in the heat store 8. During the period of operation in which defrosting is notin process, it is arranged, in other words, that only part of the liquid heated up in the second heat exchanger is ~ . ' ' , ' ' ' .. ~
, , relayed ~directly) to the first heat exchanger ~, whilst the remaining fraction of the liquid heated up in the second heat exchanger is stored in the heat store for a period of time during which the valve 9 is kept closed.
In a situation where the element 9 is constituted by a reversible circulation pump, the arrangement is such that the pump 9 normally pumps liquid from the second heat exchanger 5 to the heat store 8. When the second heat exchanger 5 is to be defrosted, the pump 9 is reversed so that it pumps hot liquid from the heat store 8 through the heat exchanger 5.
In this case, thus ho~ liquid from the heat store 8 is pumped both through the heat exchanger ~ and through that S. In this fashion, frost and ice having formed on ~he heat exchanger 5 are thawed both ~rom the outside by the warm exhaust air, and from ~he inside by the hot liquid from the heat store.
An external heat source 10, such as an oil-burner unit, can be arranged to reheat the input air prehea~ed in the heat exchanger ~, in order to ensure that the air arriving in the enclosed volume 1 does not have an undesirably low temperature. In this context, account must also be taken of the situa~ion in the exhaust air duct since the exhaust air leaving the vol-ume 1 should have a temperature normally exceeding 0C so that the heat ex-changer 5 can also be defrosted by the supply of heat from outside, that is to say that the relatively warm exhaust air can throw out the frost forming on the plastic tube heat exchanger 5.
Referring now to Figure 2 there can be seen an arrangement generally similar to that of Figure 1. However, in this case a second by-pass line 25 has been provided which is so arr~nged that is shunts the flow through the circuit 6 ~rom a point between the circulation pump 18 and the first heat exchanger ~, to a point between the first by-pass line 7 and the second :
heat exchanger 5. The by-pass line 25 contains an auxiliary heat source 23 which may for example be designed as an i~nersion heater. In order to control the flow distribution between the circuit 6 and the by-pass line 25, a first valve 20 is arranged in the line 25 and a second valve 21 at the heat exchanger 4. The valves 20 and 21 are adjusted in such fashion that a certain flow of hot liquid ~rom the heat s~ore ~ through ~he heat exchanger 4 is maintained even when the heat exchanger 5 is being defrosted.
The immersion heater 23 heats up the liquid flow in the by-pass line 25 to a level corresponding to the temperature reduction occurring in the flow through the heat exchanger 5 whilst the latter is being defrosted, with the result that the flow leaving the heat exchanger 5 and arriving in the heat store 8 has a temperature which does not differ too radically from the temperature in the hot section of the heat store 8.
Referring now to Figure 3, there can be seen an alternative method of coupling the auxiliary heat source 23 into an apparatus otherwise in accordance with Figure 1. In this instance, a by-pass line 7b has been provided, which extends from a point between the circulation pump ~ and the heat store 8, to a point between the by-pass line 7 and the second heat exchanger 5. The flow distribution between the circuit 6 and the by-pass line 7b is regulated by valves 20 and 21 which are arra~ged after the branch between the by-pass line 7b and the circuit 6. The valve 20, 21 can of course be designed as a ~hree-way valve and need not leak any flow into the main circui~ 6 since the by-pass valve 7 ensures that circulation through the heat store 8 and the first heat exchanger 4 is maintained for the time dur-ing which the second heat exchanger 5 is being derosted.
~ ,: '' ' therefore upon how much heat can be recovered.
In a particular example, the exhaus-t air from a mine is at a tem-perature of about 7C. As soon as the exhaust air is cooled down to the neighbourhood of 0C by the exhaus~ air heat exchanger, frost and ice begin to form on ~he heat exchanger surfaceA If the input air to the mine has a temperature of for example -25C, then only about 25% of the total heat energy supplied to the input air can be recovered if severe frost formation and icing on the exhaust air heat exchanger is to be avoided. It is an objective of major importance from the economic and fuel policy points of view to develop arrangements which will increase the fraction of recov-erable heat energy without any risk of malfunctioning in the arrangement due to icing or frost formation.
According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided in an apparatus for transfer of heat from warm exhaust air leaving an en-closed volume such as a mine via an exhaust conduit to cold input air supplied to said volume via a supply conduit comprising a glycol-water filled circuit, a circulation pump in said circuit, a first heat exchanger in said circuit, arranged in said supply conduit, a second heat exchanger in said circuit, ar-ranged in said exhaust conduit, the improvement comprising a heat store o the stratified liquid-layer type, the hot side of which is coupled to the hot side of the circuit and the cold side of which is coupled to the cold side of said circuit, valve means for deflecting part of the ho~ circuit liquid into said store during normal operation, and a shut off valve in said circuit between the hot side of the heat store and said second heat exchanger, whereby the flow of cold liquid through said second heat exchanger can be interrupted such that the warm exhaust air will defrost said second heat exchanger whilst said circulation pump feeds hot liquid from the heat store ":`
- ~ , .
through the first heat exchanger such that the heating of the input air flow is maintained.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is pro-vided an arrangement for the transfer of heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air to said volume comprising:
a liquid-filled circuit having;
at leas~ one first circulation pump;
at least one first heat exchanger arranged in contact with said input airflow;
at least one second heat exchanger arranged in con~act with said exhaust airflow;
at least one by-pass line arranged in said circuit in parallel with said second heat exchanger;
means for controlling the liquid flow through said second heat exchanger; and, layer type heat store means for supplying heat to said first heat exehanger in the form of heat extracted from said exhaust air~ while said second heat exchanger is disconnected for defrosting, having the hot side thereof coupled to said liquid circuit between the output of said second heat exchanger and the input of said first heat exchanger and having the cold side thereof coupled to said liquid circuit between the output of the first heat exchanger and the input of said second heat exchanger, whereby said hea* store constitutes said by-pass line.
In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention:
Figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention; and ~ 3 -'' :- ,' ' '' , ~:
Figures 2 and 3 illus~rate two embodiments o the invention in which an auxiliary heat source is provided in order to facilitate defrosting.
~ igure 1 schematically illustrates an enclosed volume 1 such as a mine or the like, with an air supply duct 2 and an exhaust air duct 3. Fans are normally provided, although not illustrated here, in order to circulate the air through the volume 1 A first heat exchanger 4 is arranged in the air supply duct 2. A second heat exchanger 5 is arranged in the exhaust air duc~ 3. The heat exchangers ~ and 5 are connected into a closed, liquid filled circuit 6. The liquid can consist of a water-glycol mixture. A by-pass line is arranged across the second heat exchanger 5. A heat store 8 of layer design is connected into the circuit 6 and its cold side connected to the by-pass line 7. The circuit 6 exhibits a circulation pump 18 which maintains circulation of the liquid through at least the firs~ heat exchanger 4. The circuit 6, between the heat store 8 and the second heat exchanger 5, contains an element 9. The element 9 can be constituted by a shut-off valve or a reversible circulation pump.
In operation of the installation shown in Figure 1, with the temperature relationships set out for example in the drawing, after a rela-tively short period of time icing and frost formation occur at the second heat exchanger 5. As icing gradually begins to restrict heat exchange be-tween the exhaust air and the liquid in the circuit 6, the valve 9 can be closed down. This means tha~ the exhaust air, having for example a tem-perature of 7C, brings about defrosting of the second heat exchanger whilst the heat supply to the heat exchanger 4 is maintained by means of the layer of hot liquid collected in the heat store 8. During the period of operation in which defrosting is notin process, it is arranged, in other words, that only part of the liquid heated up in the second heat exchanger is ~ . ' ' , ' ' ' .. ~
, , relayed ~directly) to the first heat exchanger ~, whilst the remaining fraction of the liquid heated up in the second heat exchanger is stored in the heat store for a period of time during which the valve 9 is kept closed.
In a situation where the element 9 is constituted by a reversible circulation pump, the arrangement is such that the pump 9 normally pumps liquid from the second heat exchanger 5 to the heat store 8. When the second heat exchanger 5 is to be defrosted, the pump 9 is reversed so that it pumps hot liquid from the heat store 8 through the heat exchanger 5.
In this case, thus ho~ liquid from the heat store 8 is pumped both through the heat exchanger ~ and through that S. In this fashion, frost and ice having formed on ~he heat exchanger 5 are thawed both ~rom the outside by the warm exhaust air, and from ~he inside by the hot liquid from the heat store.
An external heat source 10, such as an oil-burner unit, can be arranged to reheat the input air prehea~ed in the heat exchanger ~, in order to ensure that the air arriving in the enclosed volume 1 does not have an undesirably low temperature. In this context, account must also be taken of the situa~ion in the exhaust air duct since the exhaust air leaving the vol-ume 1 should have a temperature normally exceeding 0C so that the heat ex-changer 5 can also be defrosted by the supply of heat from outside, that is to say that the relatively warm exhaust air can throw out the frost forming on the plastic tube heat exchanger 5.
Referring now to Figure 2 there can be seen an arrangement generally similar to that of Figure 1. However, in this case a second by-pass line 25 has been provided which is so arr~nged that is shunts the flow through the circuit 6 ~rom a point between the circulation pump 18 and the first heat exchanger ~, to a point between the first by-pass line 7 and the second :
heat exchanger 5. The by-pass line 25 contains an auxiliary heat source 23 which may for example be designed as an i~nersion heater. In order to control the flow distribution between the circuit 6 and the by-pass line 25, a first valve 20 is arranged in the line 25 and a second valve 21 at the heat exchanger 4. The valves 20 and 21 are adjusted in such fashion that a certain flow of hot liquid ~rom the heat s~ore ~ through ~he heat exchanger 4 is maintained even when the heat exchanger 5 is being defrosted.
The immersion heater 23 heats up the liquid flow in the by-pass line 25 to a level corresponding to the temperature reduction occurring in the flow through the heat exchanger 5 whilst the latter is being defrosted, with the result that the flow leaving the heat exchanger 5 and arriving in the heat store 8 has a temperature which does not differ too radically from the temperature in the hot section of the heat store 8.
Referring now to Figure 3, there can be seen an alternative method of coupling the auxiliary heat source 23 into an apparatus otherwise in accordance with Figure 1. In this instance, a by-pass line 7b has been provided, which extends from a point between the circulation pump ~ and the heat store 8, to a point between the by-pass line 7 and the second heat exchanger 5. The flow distribution between the circuit 6 and the by-pass line 7b is regulated by valves 20 and 21 which are arra~ged after the branch between the by-pass line 7b and the circuit 6. The valve 20, 21 can of course be designed as a ~hree-way valve and need not leak any flow into the main circui~ 6 since the by-pass valve 7 ensures that circulation through the heat store 8 and the first heat exchanger 4 is maintained for the time dur-ing which the second heat exchanger 5 is being derosted.
Claims (15)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In an apparatus for transfer of heat from warm exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume such as a mine via an exhaust conduit to cold input air supplied to said volume via a supply conduit comprising a glycol-water filled circuit, a circulation pump in said circuit, a first heat exchanger in said circuit, arranged in said supply conduit, a second heat exchanger in said circuit, arranged in said exhaust conduit, the improvement comprising a heat store of the stratified liquid-layer type, the hot side of which is coupled to the hot side of the circuit and the cold side of which is coupled to the cold side of said circuit, valve means for deflecting part of the hot circuit liquid into said store during normal operation, and a shut-off valve in said circuit between the hot side of the heat store and said second heat exchanger, whereby the flow of cold liquid through said second heat exchanger can be interrupted such that the warm exhaust air will defrost said second heat exchanger whilst said circulation pump feeds hot liquid from the heat store through the first heat exchanger such that the heating of the input air flow is maintained.
2. An arrangement for the transfer of heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air to said volume comprising:
a liquid-filled circuit having;
at least one first circulation pump;
at least one first heat exchanger arranged in contact with said input airflow;
at least one second heat exchanger arranged in contact with said exhaust airflow;
at least one by-pass line arranged in said circuit in parallel with said second heat exchanger;
means for controlling the liquid flow through said second heat exchanger; and, layer type heat store means for supplying heat to said first heat exchanger in the form of heat extracted from said exhaust air, while said second heat exchanger is disconnected for defrosting, having the hot side thereof coupled to said liquid circuit be-tween the output of said second heat exchanger and the input of said first heat exchanger and having the cold side thereof coupled to said liquid circuit between the output of the first heat ex-changer and the input of said second heat exchanger, whereby said heat store constitutes said by-pass line.
a liquid-filled circuit having;
at least one first circulation pump;
at least one first heat exchanger arranged in contact with said input airflow;
at least one second heat exchanger arranged in contact with said exhaust airflow;
at least one by-pass line arranged in said circuit in parallel with said second heat exchanger;
means for controlling the liquid flow through said second heat exchanger; and, layer type heat store means for supplying heat to said first heat exchanger in the form of heat extracted from said exhaust air, while said second heat exchanger is disconnected for defrosting, having the hot side thereof coupled to said liquid circuit be-tween the output of said second heat exchanger and the input of said first heat exchanger and having the cold side thereof coupled to said liquid circuit between the output of the first heat ex-changer and the input of said second heat exchanger, whereby said heat store constitutes said by-pass line.
3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that flow control means comprises a second circulation pump arranged between the heat store and the second heat exchanger; in that the second circulation pump is of reversible design and arranged to pump hot liquid from the heat store through the second heat exchanger whilst the latter is defrosting, and in that the first circulation pump is arranged to continually pump hot liquid from the heat store to the first heat exchanger.
4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the liquid flow control means are controlled by a timer which cyclically initiates shut-down of the circuit for a certain part of the cycle.
5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the length of the said part of the cycle is controlled by the external tem-perature.
6. An arrangement as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the length of the said part of the cycle is designed to be manually adjustable.
7. An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the flow control means are arranged to be initiated by detecting element which detects a certain level of ice formation on the second heat exchanger and which maintains this initiated condition as long as the ice deposit on the second heat exchanger is greater that a predetermined value.
8. An arrangement as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the detecting element detects icing by detecting the exhaust air pressure drop across the second heat exchanger.
9. An arrangement as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the detecting element is designed to maintain the defrosting until the surface temperature of the second heat exchanger exceeds 0°C.
10. An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, further including at least one second by-pass line disposed in parallel with the second heat exchanger, comprises an auxiliary heat source arranged in order, at the time of de-frosting of the second heat exchanger, to supply heat to the liquid flowing through said heat exchanger; and in that valve elements are arranged in order to direct the circuit flow to the second by-pass line.
11. An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a second by-pass line is disposed in parallel with the second heat exchanger and the heat store; and in that a valve element is arranged to control the distribution of the flow of hot liquid from the heat store through the first heat exchanger and the second by-pass line.
12. An arrangement as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that an auxiliary heat source is arranged in the second by-pass line in order, if required, to be able to heat the liquid flowing through the second heat exchanger whilst the latter is defrosting.
13 An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the flow control means is a shut-off valve, and in that the initiation comprises shut-down of the flow control means.
14. An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the flow control means is a second circulation pump, and in that the initiation comprises reversing the second circulation pump.
15. An arrangement as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the flow control means is a second circulation pump and in that the initiation comprises shut-down of said pump.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA352,658A CA1102289A (en) | 1975-12-22 | 1980-05-26 | Arrangement for transferring heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air supplied to said volume |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7514560A SE405168B (en) | 1975-12-22 | 1975-12-22 | DEVICE FOR TRANSFERING HEAT FROM FRAN AIR TO SUPPLY AIR |
| SE75-14560-7 | 1975-12-22 | ||
| CA268,265A CA1087143A (en) | 1975-12-22 | 1976-12-20 | Arrangement for transferring heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air supplied to said volume |
| CA352,658A CA1102289A (en) | 1975-12-22 | 1980-05-26 | Arrangement for transferring heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air supplied to said volume |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1102289A true CA1102289A (en) | 1981-06-02 |
Family
ID=27164833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA352,658A Expired CA1102289A (en) | 1975-12-22 | 1980-05-26 | Arrangement for transferring heat from the exhaust air leaving an enclosed volume to the input air supplied to said volume |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1102289A (en) |
-
1980
- 1980-05-26 CA CA352,658A patent/CA1102289A/en not_active Expired
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