CA1100529A - Blowing agents - bis(hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazides - Google Patents

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Hydrocarbylsulfonyl carbohydrazides of the following structural formulae are disclosed for use as blowing agents:

RSO2NHNH-?-NHNHSO2R and ?Y-SO2NHNH-?-NHNHSO2?n The compounds wherein the R groups are alkyl are novel, as are the polymeric products. This divisional application discloses an oligomeric(hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide of the formula

Description

llO~SZ9 This invention relates to the manufacture of cel-lular polymeric materials. More particularly, the invention involves the application of certain compounds as expanding agents for rubbers and plastics. Specifically, the invention resides in the discovery that certain hydrocarbyl sulfonyl carbohydrazide compounds are valuable blowing agents in the manufacture of cellular polymeric materials. Furthermore it relates to some novel compounds suitable for these uses.
The application of heat sensitive organic nitrogen compounds as expanding agents for cellular polyers is well known. For example, azodicarbonamide~decomposition point about 200C) has been widely employed as a blowing agent for rubbers and plastics. Other organic nitrogen compounds which '~
have been used include the following:
oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (dec. 160C) (U.S. Patent 2,552,065) p-toluenesulfonyl semicarbazide (dec. 235C) (U.S. Patent 2,491,709) N,N'-~initroso-N,N'-dimethylterephthalamide (dec.
90C) (Fuller, M.R., Ind. ~. Chem. 491 722 (1957) As can be seen, the temperatures at which these various compounds produce gas varies over a wide range and, as may be expected, the applications in which each type may be used are restricted to the particular processing temper-atures of particular polymers. Further restrictions on the application of specific blowing agents are imposed by the nature of the decomposition products, gaseous and otherwise.
For example, polyester polymers are adversely affected by ammonia gas which is formed in the decomposition of azodi-carbonamide and by p-toluene sulfonyl semicarbazide. Odorous decomposition products are formed during the decomposition of , ::~

dinitroso pentamethylene tetramine restricting the use of this compound to the e~pansion of certain rubbery polymers whereln the odor is not a critical factor.
An object of the present invention is to provide superior expanding agents for polymers which are normally processed at temperatures above 210C. A further object is to provide high temperature blowing agents which do not cause adverse effects on the stability or utility of the expanded polymer. A specific object is to provide expanding agents for polyester polymers.
The simple hydrocarbylsulfonyl carbohydrazide blowing agents of this invention can be illustrated by the structure:

HH HH

wherein R is a hydrocarbyl radical and preferably is an alkyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, most preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an aryl radical having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, most preferably 6 to lO carbon atoms; an aralkyl or alkaryl radical having 7 to 12 carbon atoms, most prefer-ably aralkyl having 7 to 9 carbon atoms and alkaryl having 7 to 10 carbon atoms; a cycloalkyl radical having 5 to 9 carbon atoms, most preferably 5 to 6 carbon atoms.
The compounds wherein R is an alkyl radical are novel compounds. These alkyl derivatives are shown by ex-ample below to produce 50 to 100% more gas upon decomposition than the corresponding known aryl derivatives.
These compounds can be readily prepared by either of two methods:

2NN C-N-NH2 + 2RSo Cl base > RSO2NN-C-NN-SO2R +2HCl O o or HH HH HH

(2) 2RSo2NNH + COC12 > RSO2NN-C-NNSO2R + 2HC~

Method (1) has been employed by Cremlyn and Turner (J. Chem. Soc. 1970 C, 2629) to prepare several of these compounds wherein R is phenyl, p-tolyl or p-acetaminophenyl for testing as potential herbicides, but no suggestion as to the utility of the compounds as blowing agents is given.
Method (2) is novel.
A variation of the invention is found in the reac-tion products of bis(sulfonyl chlorides) with carbohydrazide to yield oligomeric products wherein n is from 2 to 50 or even higher:

(3) ClSO - Y - SO2Cl + H2NN-C-N-Nb2 >

H H H H
~ -502N-N-C-N-N-502~ _ The resulting products are oligomers. An alternate procedure for producing these substances is given in equation (4)

(4) H N-N-SO2-Y-SO2NNH2 + COC12 H H H H

n llQ~S29 In both cases, Y is a difunctional organic moiety selected from arylene, preferably phenylene, alkarylene, preferably having 7 to 10 carbon atoms, and the structure -Rl-A-R2-wherein A is a single bond connecting Rl and R2 or is -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, usually a single bond or -O-; or A is an alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms such as methylene, ethylene, propylene, tetramethylene and hexa-methylene, or an alkylidene radical having 2 to 3 carbon atoms such as ethylidene and isopropylidene; and Rl and R
are the same or different and are alkylene having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenylene.
Preferably Y is a radical such as phenylene, tolyl-j ene, xylylene, biphenylene, oxydiphenylene, 1,3-dimethyl-j3 benzene, and methylenebisphenylene. Other preferred species of Y include such as ethylene, butylene and hexamethylene.
vl Illustrative of the hydrocarbylsulfonyl carbo-hydrazides useful in the practice of this invention are the ;
I following:
; 1,5-bis(benzenesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 1,5-bis(p-toluenesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 1,5-bis(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl) carbohydrazide l,S-bis(methanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide l,S-bis(ethanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 1,5-bis(n-propanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 1,5-bis(n-butanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 1,5-bis(n-hexanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 1,5-bis(isopropanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 1,5-bis(tert-butanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide Also useful for the purposes of the invention are the reaction products of difunctional organic sulfonyl chlorides with carbohydrazide. Thus, carbohydrazide may .. . . .
:.' : .

;529 be reacted with bis(sulfonyl chlorides~ such as the fol-lowing:
Benzene-1,3-bis(sulfonyl chloride) Benzene-1,4-bis(sulfonyl chloride) l-Methylbenzene-2,4-bis(sulfonyl chloride) 1~3-Dimethylbenzene-4~6-bis(sulfonyl chloride) p,p'-Oxybis(benzenesulfonyl chloride) 1,2-Ethanebis(sulfonyl chloride) -Butanebis(sulfonyl chloride) Method 1 referred to above lnvolves reacting carbo-hydrazide with a sulfonyl chloride in the presence of a base, at a temperature of from about room temperature up to about 100C, and for a period of up to about 10 hours.
Preferably the sulfonyl chloride is added to a suspension of the carbohydrazide in the presence of the base. However, the order of addition may be reversed. Ex-amples of suitable solvents include alcohols (i.e. methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) water, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylform-amide, acetonitrile, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, dibutyl ether, and the like. Examples of suitable bases include sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium or potassium carbonates or hydroxydes, as well as amines.
~ethod 2 referred to above involves reacting a sulfonyl hydrazide with phosgene (COCl2) in the presence of a base, at a temperature of about 15 to 100C, and for a period up to about 10 hours.
Preferably the phosgene is added to a suspension of the sulfonyl hydrazide in the presence of a base, and the temperature is maintained from about 15~ to 50C.
However, the order of addition may be reversed. The sol-vents referred to for Method l are applicable for use herein.

- ~ .

S2~

Preferably a water-alcohol mixture is used. The bases used for Method 1 are also suitable for use herein.
Each of the above methods may readily be conducted at atmospheric pressure, and higher or lower pressures are not necessary though they may be used.
In the aspect of the invention forming the subject matter of this divisional application there is provided an oligomeric(hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide of the formula _ _ - - Y-SO2NHNH-C-NHNHSO2 - - .
~I ..
O _ n wherein Y is a difunctional organic moiety selected from the group consisting of phenylene, alkarylene having 7 to 10 carbon atoms and a group of the structure -Rl-A-R2- wherein A is selected from a single bond connecting Rl and R2, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, alkylene with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkylidene with 2 to 3 carbon atoms, wherein Rl and R2 are the same or dlfferent and are alkylene having 1 to 4 çarbon atoms or phenylene, and wherein n is an integer of from 2 to about 50.
In another aspect of the invention forming the subject matter of this divisional application there is provided a method of expanding a gas-expandable polymeric material comprising heating a composition comprising a gas-expandable polymeric material and an oligomeric (hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide, as set out above, to a temperature in excess of the decomposition temperature of the oligomeric (hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide.
In one aspect the method is provided wherein the temperature is in excess of 200C.

r' ~_ J

, 11¢~i~529 The chemicals of this invention are useful in the expansion of polymeric gas-expandable materials. They are characterized by xelatively high decomposition points (well in escess of 200C) and thus are particularly valuable in the formation of cellular plastic articles which are expandable at these relatively high temperatures. The quantity of gas produced by the compounds varies considerably with the nature of the various substituents. Usually the compounds producing the largest amount of gas are the most valuable. However, the decomposition temperature and the nature of the decompos-ition residue are also factors in the utility of the compounds as blowing agents.
One outstanding feature of these compounds is the absence of ammonia in the decomposition gases. Ammonia is known to produce deleterious effects in some expandable plastics. In any case, the bis(hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazides of this invention are particularly valuable in the expansion of plastics requiring processing temperature well in excess of 200C.
The polymeric materials which may be expanded by these blowing agents include homopolymers, interpolymers, graft polymers, and mixtures and blends of two or more of these, and include thermoplastic, thermosetting, and rubbery polymers. The new blowing agents are useful for expanding polymers that have high processing temperatures such as the polycarbonates, phenylene oxide-based resins, polyaryl sul-- 6(a) -llQ~5zg fones, the various nylons, polyesters, certain polystyrenes, polypropylene, poly(styrene-acrylonitrile), polyacetals, poly(vinyl chloride), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(phenylene sulfide), poly(~ethylpentene), low and high density poly-ethylenes, polyimides, polyaryl ethers, ABS polymers, poly-acrylics, cellulosic polymerics, halogenated polymers, especially the fluoroplastics, poly(ethylen~vinyl acetate), etc. Other polymers include poly(butadienestyrene), polyiso-prene (including natural rubber), cis- or trans-polybutadiene, butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene copolymers, ethylene-propylene-non-conjugated diene terpolymers, and poly-(butadiene-acrylonitrile).
Generally, the amount of blowing agent used will depend on the nature of the polymer to be expanded, and the desired density of the foam to be produced. Usually, 0.05 to 15, and most often, 0.2 to 5.0 parts of blowing agent are employed, based on 100 parts of polymer by weight.
The blowing agents can be used alone, or in combination with other blowing agents. Activating substances can be used to increase the efficiency of gas evolution, or to lower the normal decomposition temperature of the blowing agents of the invention. Other additives such as plasticizers, fillers, nucleating agents, and the like can also be added to the polymer to be expanded.
The following examples illustrate the preparation of some of the bis~hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazides of the invention, their efficiency as gas producing agents upon deco~position, and their use as blowing agents for producing expanded materials.

ll(~'~SZ9 Example I. Preparation of 1,5-bis(benzenesulfonyl) carbo zide 175.6 g (1.0 mole) of benzenesulfonyl chloride was added to a stirred mixture of 45 g tO.5 mole) carbohydra-zide and lO0 g sodium bicarbonate in lO00 ml ethanol in a 3 liter 3 neck flask. The mixture was heated to gentle reflux for six hours. The cooled mixture was filtered and the solid precipitate (containing the desired product along with sodium chloride) was washed with ethanol and dried. Yield:
207 g. This mixture was then suspended in water and stirred for 10 minutes. The insoluble solid was filtered off and washed well with water and dried.
Yield: 120.5 g, m.p. 227C (dec.) A portion (30 g) of the product was taken up in concentrated ammonium hydroxide, diluted some with water and filtered. The solution was then acidified with dilute sulfuric acid. The resulting white solid was filtered, washed with water and dried. Yield: 28 g, m.p. 230C
(dec.) 20 Analysis:
Calc- for C13H14N4O5S2Found -% C 42.1 41.65 H 3.80 3.78 N 15.1 14.89 Example II. Preparation of 1,5-bis(p~toluene sulfonyl) carbohydrazide - 190.5 g (1.0 mole) p-toluene sulfonyl chloride, 45 g (0.5 mole) carbohydrazide, 84 g (1.0 mole) sodium bicarbonate and 1000 ml methanol were placed in a 2 llter flask. The mixture was stirred and heated to reflux (65C) for 90 mlnutes. Carbon dioxide evolution was complete at this point. The solid product and sodium chloride were filtered off. The material was suspended in water to dis-solve the sodium chloride and the residual solid product was filtered off, washed well with water, and dried at 60C.
Yield: 139 g Dec. temp~ 232C
A portion was dissolved in dioxane and reprecipi-tated by added an equal volume of 50% ethanol. The result-ing product (after drying) decomposed at 235C.
Analysis:

10Calc. for C H N O S
15 18 5 5 2 Found % C 45.27 45.47 H 4.52 4.59 N 14.07 13.67 Example III. Preparation of 1,5-bis(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl) carbohvdrazide.
.. .. ~
211 g (1.0 mole) p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride was added to a suspension of 45 g (0.5 mole) carbohydrazide and 100 g sodium bicarbonate in 1000 ml ethanol in a 3 liter reaction flask. ~he mixture was stirred and heated grad-ually to gentle reflux (80C) as carbon dioxide was evolved.
Heating was continued until CO2 no longer evolved (3 hours).
The mix was cooled to 20C and filtered. The mlxture of pro-duct and sodium chloride was dried at 60C. Yield = 227 g.
The solid mixture was suspended in 2000 ml water, stirred to dissolve the sodium chloride, and then the insoluble pro-duct was filtered, washed and dried. Yield = 129 g, m.p 239-240C (dec.) A portion was purified by solution in ammonium hydroxide, followed by filtration and acidification of the filtrate with dilute sulfuric acid. The washed and dried product had the following analysis:

g _ Calc- for C13H12N45C1252Found % C 35.53 H 2.73 N 12.76 Example IV. Preparation of 1,5-bis(methanesulfonyl) carbo-hvdrazide _ . _ _ A mixture of 45 g (0.5 mole) carbohydrazide, 84 g NaHCO3 (1.0 mole) and 50 ml methanol was stirred as 114.5 g (1.0 mole) methane sulfonyl chloride was added over 30 minutes. The temperature rose from 25C to 40C. The stirring was continued for 15 minutes (temp. 44C). The mixture was then heated to 65C for two hours, and was then cooled to 25C and the solid product (including sodium chloride) was ~iltered and washed with methanol and dried.
Yield: 146 g. The material was first suspended in water to remove sodium chloride and then filtered, washed with water and dried. Yield: 81 g, m.p. = 207C dec.
A portion of the product was recrystallized from water and had a melting point of 210C.
Analysis:
CalC- for C3HlON4O5S2Found % C 14.60 14.99 H 4.07 4.15 N 22.7 22.03 S 26.0 25.59 Example V. Preparation of 1,5-bis(ethanesulfonyl) carbo-hydrazide A mixture of 45 g (O.S mole) carbohydrazide, 85 g NaHCO3 (1.0 mole) and 250 ml methanol was stirred and 128.5 g (1.0 mole) ethane sulfonyl chloride was dropped in.
The temperature rose from 25C to 45C during the reaction 110~52~

which took 1 hour. Stirring was continued for two hours.
The product was filtered, washed and dried. Yield: 145.9 g m.p. 195C.
A portion was recrystallized from water and had a melting point of 191-192C.
Analysis:
Calc- for C5H14N45S2Found % C 21.8 21.32 H 5.1 5.01 N 20.4 19.76 S 23.3 23.17 Example VI. Preparation 1,5-bis(n-propanesulfonyl) carbo-hydrazide _ _ Into a l-liter reaction flask was charged 29.5 g (0.2 mole) n-propane sulfonyl chloride, 200 ml ethanol, 9 g (0.1 mole) carbohydrazide and 16.8 g (0.2 mole) sodium bicarbonate. The mix was stirred and heated gradually to 80C over a one hour period and was then allowed to reflux for four hours. The separated sodium chloride was filtered off (hot). The filtrate was cooled whereupon the crystal-line product separated (17 g) m.p. 191-194C.
Upon recrystallization from methanol the product melted at 194-196C.
Analysis:
CalC- for C7H18N4O5S2Found C 27.81 27.13 H 5.96 6.04 N 18.54 18.33 Example VII. Preparation of 1,5-bis(n-butanesulfonyl) carbo-hydrazide A mixture of 11.25 g (0.125 mole) carbohydrazide, ~ . -: ,. .

lla~}szs 25 g sodium bicarbonate, 200 ml methanol and 37 g (0.25 mole) l-butanesulfonyl chloride was heated to 60C until evolution of CO2 ceased. The mix was cooled and water was added to precîpitate the product. The initial precipitate weighed 12 g (dry). This melted with decomposition at 195-197C.
Analysis:
or CgH22N4O5S2 Found % C 32.60 32.12 H 6.67 6.83 N 16.95 16.97 The filtrate deposited 8.0 g more product on standing.

Example VIII. Reaction product of carbohydrazide with p,p' _ oxybis(benzenesulfonyl chloride) (l:l) 77.4 g (0.2 mole) p,p'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl chloride), 18 g (0.2 mole) carbohydrazide, 33.6 g (0.4 mole) sodium bicarbonate in a mixture of 100 ml water and 300 ml ethanol was stirred for two hours while carbon di-oxide was evolved. The temperature was then raised to 70C
(reflux temperature) for one hour. Then 500 ml water was added to the mix and the separate solid was filtered off, washed with water, and dried (60C). Yield: 66 g dec.:
223C.
This material was completely soluble in ammonium hydroxide. Reprecipitation of the compound from the clear filtrate by addition of dilute acid gave material which decomposed at 230C.

Example IX. Reaction product of Carbohydrazide with 4,4' biphenylenebis(sulfonyl chloride) (1:1) A mixture of 70.2 g (0.2 mole) 4,4'-bisphenylene-: 1111 OS29 bis(sulfon~l chloride), 18 g (0.2 mole) carbohydrazide, 33.6 g (0.4 mole) sodium bicarbonate in a mixture of 300 ml ethanol and 100 ml water was stirred for two hours.
Carbon dioxide was evolved. The mix was then warmed to reflux temperature (70) for one hour. Water (500 ml) was then added and the product was filtered off, washed well with water, and dried. Yield: 62 g, dec. 235C.
This product was completely soluble in ammonium hydroxide solution. When reprecipitated from the ammoniacal solution with acid, the product (washed and dried) decomposed at 240C.

Example X. Reaction Product of Carbohydrazide and 1,3 di-meth~lbenzene-4,6-disulfonyl chloride A mixture of 18.0 g carbohydrazide (0.2 mole), 40.0 g sodium bicarbonate, 400 ml methanol and 60.6 g (0.2 mole) 1,3-dimethylbenzene-4,6-disulfonyl chloride was heated to reflux for two hours. Evolution of carbon dioxide occur-red during the first 1/2 hour. The mixture was cooled to 20C and 1 liter of water was added with stirring for 1/2 hour. The product was filtered off, washed with water and dried. Yield: 40 g.
The resultant product was polymeric.

Example XI. Preparation of 1,5-bis(benzenesulfonyl) carbo-hydrazide from benzenesulfonyl hydrazide and _ phosgene.
A mixture of 86 g (0.5 mole of benzenesulfonyl hydrazide, 270 ml ethanol, 30 ml water and 42.5 g (0.5 mole) of sodium bicarbonate was stirred in a l-liter 3-necked flask as 27 g (0.25 mole + 10% excess) of phosgene was bubbled into the mix. The temperature rose to 45C and the mix was cooled to prevent further temperature rise.

: :`

~10~5;z9 The stirring was continued for one hour and the mix was then cooled to 20C. The white crystalline product was filtered off, washed well with water, and dried at 60C.
Yield: 57 g (61.6%) This product decomposed at 242C.
Analysis:
CalC for C13H14N4O5S2 Found .
% C 42.16 41.98 H 3.78 3.70 N 15.14 14.58 10 g of the above product was dissolved in conc.
ammonium h~droxide (completely soluble) and reprecipitated with dilute acid. Yield: 9.0 g, Dec. pt. 235C.

Example XII. Preparation of 1,5-bis(p-toluenesulfonyl) carbo-hydrazide from p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide and phosgene.
In a manner similar to that described in Example XI, a mixture of 93 g (0.5 mole) of p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, 360 ml ethanol, 40 ml water and 42 g (O.S mole) sodium bi-carbonate was stirred in a l-liter 3-necked flask as 27 g (0.25 mole plus 10% excess) of phosgene was bubbled through the stirred mixture. The product was filtered off, washed with water and dried. Yield: 62 g, dec. 237C.
A portion of the product was dissolved in concen-trated ammonium hydroxide (completely soluble) and re-precipitated with acid. The washed and dried product de-composed at 234C.
Analysis:
Calc- for C15H18N45 2 Found 30~ C 45.23 45.00 H 4.57 4~44 N 14.07 13.54 ?S29 Example XIII. Preparation of 1,5-bis(p-chlorobenzene sul-fonyl) carbohydrazide from the corresponding sulfonyl hydrazide and phosgene A mixture of 51.5 g (0.25 mole~ of p-chlorobenzene sulfonyl hydrazide, 1~0 ml ethanol, 20 ml water and 21 g (0.25 mole~ of sodium bicarbonate was stirred in a l-liter three necked flask as 13.5 g (0.125 mole plus 5% excess) of phosgene was bubbled through. After one hour the product was filtered off, washed with water and dried. Yield 1034 g, dec. 254C.
Analysis:

Calc- for C13H12N4O5S2C12 Found % C 35.54 3~.82 H 2.73 2.71 N 12.76 12.15 Example XIV. Preparation of 1,5-bis(3,4-dichlorobenzene-sulfonyl) carbohydrazide from the correspond-ing sulfonyl hydrazide and phosgene.
A mixture of 24.1 g (0.1 mole) 3,4-dichlorobenzene sulfonyl hydrazide, 180 ml ethanol, 20 ml water and 8.4 g (0.1 mole) sodium bicarbonate was stirred in a l-liter three necked flast as 5.5 g (0.055 mole) of phosgene was bubbled in. After one hour the product was filtered off, washed with water and dried. Yield: 16.0 g, dec. 232C.
This product was recrystallized from a 90-10 mix of ethanol and acetonitrile. Recovered 11 g, dec. 235C.
Analysis:
Calc for C12HloN45S2C14 Found r % C 30.71 30.45 H 1.97 1.99 N 11.02 10.63 ~10~529 Example XV. Preparation of 1,5-bis(t-butylbenzenesulfonyl) carbohvdrazide.
. . . ~
A mixture of 45.6 g (0.2 mole) of p-t-butyl benzene sulfonyl hydrazide, 180 ml ethanol, 20 ml water and 16.2 g (0.2 mole) sodium bicarbonate was stirred in a l-liter 3~
necked flask as 10.9 g (0.11 mole) of phosgene was bubbled in. The mix was stirred for one hour and the product filter-ed off, washed with water and dried. Yield: 36 g, melting range: 172-185C, dec. 180-240C.
This product was treated with boiling hexene, and the insoluble material was filtered from the hot solution.
Recovered 26 g, m.p. 212-214C, dec. 214-240C.
Analysis:
Calc- for C21H30N4O5S2Found % C 52.28 51.87 H 6.22 6.24 N 11.62 11.11 Example XVI. Preparation of 1,5-bis(n-butanesulfonyl) carbo-hydrazide A mixture of 76 g (0.5 mole) of butane sulfonyl hydrazide, 180 ml ethanol, 20 ml water and 42 g (0.5 mole) sodium bicarbonate was stirred as 27 g (0.275 mole) of phosgene was passed in. The mix was stirred for one hour, and the product was filtered, washed with water and dried.
Yield 47 g, m.p. 205-207C, dec. 207-240C. This material was completely soluble in concentrated ammonium hydroY~ide. When recrystallized from aqueous ethanol (50/S0) the product melted at 205-207C.

Analysis:

9 22 4 5 2Found % C 32.73 32.05 i29 H 6.67 6.66 N 16.97 16.16 Example XVII. Gas Evolution Data on Bis(hydrocarbylsulfonyl) Carbohydra z ides The gas evolution of several of these compounds was determined according to standard procedures. The re-sults were as follows:
Temp. CC/G
C STP
1,5-Bis(benzenesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 240-300 164 1,5-Bis(p-toluenesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 235-300 148 1,5-Bis(p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl) carbohydra-zide 2S5-310 147 l,S-Bis(methanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 225-260 297 1,5-Bis(ethanesulfonyl) carbohydrazide 235-280 255 Example XVIII. Expansion of Polysulfone Polymer Polysulfone pellets were pre-dried by heating at 250F for three hours. The pellets were then coated with 1% by weight of blowing agent by thoroughly mixing the resin and the blowing agent in a glass jar. The uniformly coated pellets were introduced into a pre-heated laboratory ex-truder where the temperatures in F were: rear - 520, front - 580, die - 520; the screw speed was 30 RPM at the stock temperature shown below. The specific gravity of the unexpanded polysulfone resin was 1,19898. The tempera-ture profile varied depending upon the blowing agent used.
Specific Blowing AgentStock Temp. F. Gravity 1,5-Bis(methanesulfonyl)530 0.71747 carbohydrazide 1,5-Bis(ethanesulfonyl)520 0.84019 car~ohydrazide - 110~?529 Specific Blowing A~ent Stock Temp~ F. Gravit~
1,5-Bis(n-propanesulfonyl) 530 0.79952 carbohydrazide 1,5-Bis(n-~utanesulfonyl) 530 0.93845 carbohydrazide 1,5-Bis(benzenesulfonyl) 525 0.82189 carbohydrazide 1,5-Bis(p-chlorobenzene- 520 0.74316 sulfonyl) carbohydrazide R.P. p,p'-oxybis(benzenesulfonyl chloride) and carbohydrazide (1:1) 520 0.76361 R.P. 4,4'-biphenylene bis (sulfonyl chloride) and carbohydrazide 530 0.80201 Control (no blowing agent) 525 1.19999 Example XIX. Expansion of Thermoplastic Polyester with 1,5-bis(~-toluenesulfonyl) carbohydrazide -Valox (trademark) thermoplastic polyester was coated with 0.3% by weight of 1.5 bis(p-toluenesulfonyl) carbohydrazide in a drum tumbler. The coated pellets were introduced into a commercial Beloit Siemag Structural St 6000/115 120 ton clamp extruder under the following operat-ing conditions:
Zone Temperatures, F
Zone 1 430 Mold temperature 180F
Melt temperature 470-490F
Injection pressure 11,000 psl Back pressure 400 psi Injection speed 0.8 sec.
Screw speed 30 rpm Cycle 1.5 min.
Mold 1" x 1" x 3/8"
plaque Density measurements on the expanded plaque showed a 40~ reduction when compared to the unexpanded polymer.

Claims (11)

Div. I of Canadian 258,997 What is claimed is:

1. An oligomeric(hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide of the formula wherein Y is a difunctional organic moiety selected from the group consisting of phenylene, alkarylene having 7 to 10 carbon atoms and a group of the structure -R1-A-R2- wherein A is selected from a single bond connecting R1 and R2, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, alkylene with 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and alkylidene with 2 to 3 carbon atoms, wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are alkylene having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenylene, and wherein n is an integer of from 2 to about 50.

2. The carbohydrazide of claim 1 wherein Y is phenylene.

3. The carbohydrazide of claim 1 wherein Y is alkarylene having 7 to 10 carbon atoms.

4. The carbohydrazide of claim 3 wherein Y is tolylene.

5. The carbohydrazide of claim 3 wherein Y is xylylene.

6. A method of expanding a gas-expandable polymeric material comprising heating a composition comprising a gas-expandable poly-meric material and an oligomeric (hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydra-zide as in Claim 1 to a temperature in excess of the decomposition temperature of the oligomeric (hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the temperature is in ex-cess of 200°C.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein the oligomeric (hydro-carbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide is as in claim 2.

9. The method of claim 6 wherein the oligomeric (hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide is as in claim 3.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein the oligomeric (hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide is as in claim 4.

11. The method of claim 6 wherein the oligomeric (hydrocarbylsulfonyl) carbohydrazide is as in claim 5.