CA1099853A - Water soluble pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol wood treating systems - Google Patents
Water soluble pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol wood treating systemsInfo
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- CA1099853A CA1099853A CA301,244A CA301244A CA1099853A CA 1099853 A CA1099853 A CA 1099853A CA 301244 A CA301244 A CA 301244A CA 1099853 A CA1099853 A CA 1099853A
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- pentachlorophenol
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention relates generally to water soluble wood treating compositions and methods for the preservation of wood or products made from wood. In the general practice of this inven-tion, wooden objects are treated with water soluble compositions comprising blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachloro-phenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45% by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyldieth-anol amine and mixtures thereof (D) from about 1% to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0% to about 20% by weight sodium hydr-oxide. In addition, these wood treating formulations may include varying amounts of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (0-10% by weight), copper salts (0-10% by weight), sodium chromates (0-10% by weight), sodium gluconate (0-10% by weight), sodium citrate (0-10% by weight), sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate (0-10% by weight) and ammonium or sodium lignin sulfonate (0-20% by weight) as added ingredients. In the practice of our invention, these compositions are incorporated into treating systems that adequately penetrate wood and deposit essentially non-leachable chlorophenols in the wooden objects.
This invention relates generally to water soluble wood treating compositions and methods for the preservation of wood or products made from wood. In the general practice of this inven-tion, wooden objects are treated with water soluble compositions comprising blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachloro-phenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45% by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyldieth-anol amine and mixtures thereof (D) from about 1% to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0% to about 20% by weight sodium hydr-oxide. In addition, these wood treating formulations may include varying amounts of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (0-10% by weight), copper salts (0-10% by weight), sodium chromates (0-10% by weight), sodium gluconate (0-10% by weight), sodium citrate (0-10% by weight), sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate (0-10% by weight) and ammonium or sodium lignin sulfonate (0-20% by weight) as added ingredients. In the practice of our invention, these compositions are incorporated into treating systems that adequately penetrate wood and deposit essentially non-leachable chlorophenols in the wooden objects.
Description
;;3 Wood has been used for many years as an importank building and construction material and its importance as such is increasing for a number of reasons. Typical uses include general construction, residential housing, utility poles~ cross arms, fence posts, railroad ties and pilings. Although wood is a renewable natural resource, it must be protected from attack by insects and fungus and marine organisms for many of these applications- Left unprotected or unpreserved, wood will decay and deteriorate anywhere from a few months to a few years, depending upon climate and soil conditions. Wood objects such as utility poles and timbers deteriorate rapidly below the ground and at ground level and would require frequent replacement if not properly and adequately preserved with a material which is both effective against attacking organisms and long lasting.
Through the years, a number of different materials have been used for preservation. Among these are included creosote, heavy metal salts, heavy oils and tars, pitch and various organic materials including chlorinated phenols, especially pentachlorophenol (PC~. Each of these materials has its advantages and disadvantages. Creosote, as well as other heavy oils and tars and pitch treatments, may have a strong odor and leave the surface greasy and oily to the touch.
Chlorinated phenols have found wide use because of their effectiveness~
relative ease of application and durability. Because of its particularly good fungicidal and insecticidal properties, pentachlorophenol is widely used as a commercial wood preser~ative. It is normallg dissolved in hydrocarbon solvents such as medium aromatic oils, volatile petroleum solvents (propane), light solvents (mineral spirits~ or in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent-inhibited grade of methglene chloride. Co-solvents are added in many instances to achieve proper solubility of pentachlorophenol in the solutions. Because energy conservation is becoming increasingly important, mc~ny of the traditioncil treating solvents are more valuable as feed stocks for other chemical products.
Therefore, a low energy based solvent such as water has been sought as a replacement for these hydrocarbon solvents. The difficulty has been that pentachlorophenol in a simple admixture with water has little or no solubility.
Prior art shows that pentachlorophenol can be reacted with sodium hydroxide in water to form the water soluble sodium pentachlorophenate. To da~e this is the only aqueous soluble form of pentachlorophenol that has been commonly used in the wood treating industry. However, sodium pentachlorophenate treating solution has a severe disadvantage in its excess leachability during field use. In the practice of our invention, new water soluble pentachloro-phenol, treating solutions are disclosed which overcome these problems even when using sodium pentachlorophenate.
In accordance with this invention, novel pentachlorophenol-aliphatic alcohol-amine or ammonia systems or tetrachlorophenol-aliphatic alcohol-amine or ammonia systems are disclosed that areaomF~tible with water and are soluble therein. Aliphatic alcohols and particularly the butyl alcohols are essential ingredients in solubilizing pentachlorophenol in water even though the butyl alcohols are sparingly water sbluble themselves. Volatile amine or ammonia systems are also essential in providing stability and ePfective penetration oP the systems into the wood. Upon contact and penetration into cellulosic materials and during the drying process, the preservative becomes fixed. It has also been found that when soluble metals such as copper sulphate or copper carbonate and chromium salts are included in these treating sys~ems, additional fixation and preservative properties are obtained. In addition, we have Pound that additives such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate and a lignin sul~onate such as ammonium or sodium lignin sulfonate provide increased effectiveness. In the various Pormulations, water in widely varying percent-ages is used as themain solvent.
The pentachlorophenol employed in the present compositions may be - . . .
~i3 present in pure form or as a technical mix.ture. Pentachlorophenol meeting the requirements of Federal Specification TT-W-570 and American Wood Preservers Association P8-7~ is especially suitable. These specifications require that pentachlorophenol contain not less than 95% of chlorinated phenols. It shall contain not more than 1~ of matter insoluble in N/l aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and it shall have a free~ing point of not less than 17~ C.
Other chlorinated phenols such as tetrachlorophenol or mixtures of tetra ~nd pen~achlorophenol may also be used in place of the pentachlorophenol as we~l as the sodium salts of these chlorinated phenols.
Several things must be considered when attempting to prepare water soluble pentachlorophenol treating solutions. Acceptable aqueous pentachloro-phenol treating solutions must be capable of penetrating deep into the wood and becoming deposited therein in an essentially non-leachable form. Prev-ious attempts to prepare water soluble pentachlorophenol treating solutions could not achieve satisfactory results in either of these ~wo requirements.
Therefore, it was unexpected that water soluble pentachlorophenol treating solutions could be obtained which, in fact, do penetrate deeply into wood and deposit the pentachlorophenol in an essentially non-leachable form in the practice of our invention. These solutions generally comprise pentachlorophenol, a butyl alcohol, an amine or ammonia and water as a solvent.
When wood is pressure treated with such a solution and dried9 the pentachloro-phenol becomes fixed into the wood.
The unexpected discovery of the effectiveness of aliphatic alcohols, especially the butyl alcohols in promoting the solubility of pentachlorophenol into aqueous systems is unique in consideration of the fact that pentachloro-phenol itself is very insoluble in water and that n-butyl alcohols are only soluble in water at room temperature to the extent of 9 parts alcohol in ]00 parts water.
9~3~i3 It was further discovered that the aliphatic alcohol-pentachlorophenol-amine or ammonia water soluble systems could be enhanced by pH control and by additions of further additives.
Mixtures of various alcohols can be used successfully in low amounts in the formulations of our invention as well as the specific alcohols alone. Among the alcohols used alone or in combination as a formulation aid are n-butyl alcohol, isopro-pyl alcohol, n-propanol, allyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol.
Varying kinds of amines were discovered to be effective in the formulations; preferably the volatile ones. These include various concentrations of ammonia water (ammonium hydroxide) triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine, methyldiethanol~
amine and blends of these amines.
Copper salts which may be used include copper sulfate, copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, copper oxide and copper chloride. ~ -According to the first embodiment of the invention there is provided water soluble wood treating and presert~ing solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachloro-phenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about
Through the years, a number of different materials have been used for preservation. Among these are included creosote, heavy metal salts, heavy oils and tars, pitch and various organic materials including chlorinated phenols, especially pentachlorophenol (PC~. Each of these materials has its advantages and disadvantages. Creosote, as well as other heavy oils and tars and pitch treatments, may have a strong odor and leave the surface greasy and oily to the touch.
Chlorinated phenols have found wide use because of their effectiveness~
relative ease of application and durability. Because of its particularly good fungicidal and insecticidal properties, pentachlorophenol is widely used as a commercial wood preser~ative. It is normallg dissolved in hydrocarbon solvents such as medium aromatic oils, volatile petroleum solvents (propane), light solvents (mineral spirits~ or in a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent-inhibited grade of methglene chloride. Co-solvents are added in many instances to achieve proper solubility of pentachlorophenol in the solutions. Because energy conservation is becoming increasingly important, mc~ny of the traditioncil treating solvents are more valuable as feed stocks for other chemical products.
Therefore, a low energy based solvent such as water has been sought as a replacement for these hydrocarbon solvents. The difficulty has been that pentachlorophenol in a simple admixture with water has little or no solubility.
Prior art shows that pentachlorophenol can be reacted with sodium hydroxide in water to form the water soluble sodium pentachlorophenate. To da~e this is the only aqueous soluble form of pentachlorophenol that has been commonly used in the wood treating industry. However, sodium pentachlorophenate treating solution has a severe disadvantage in its excess leachability during field use. In the practice of our invention, new water soluble pentachloro-phenol, treating solutions are disclosed which overcome these problems even when using sodium pentachlorophenate.
In accordance with this invention, novel pentachlorophenol-aliphatic alcohol-amine or ammonia systems or tetrachlorophenol-aliphatic alcohol-amine or ammonia systems are disclosed that areaomF~tible with water and are soluble therein. Aliphatic alcohols and particularly the butyl alcohols are essential ingredients in solubilizing pentachlorophenol in water even though the butyl alcohols are sparingly water sbluble themselves. Volatile amine or ammonia systems are also essential in providing stability and ePfective penetration oP the systems into the wood. Upon contact and penetration into cellulosic materials and during the drying process, the preservative becomes fixed. It has also been found that when soluble metals such as copper sulphate or copper carbonate and chromium salts are included in these treating sys~ems, additional fixation and preservative properties are obtained. In addition, we have Pound that additives such as tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate and a lignin sul~onate such as ammonium or sodium lignin sulfonate provide increased effectiveness. In the various Pormulations, water in widely varying percent-ages is used as themain solvent.
The pentachlorophenol employed in the present compositions may be - . . .
~i3 present in pure form or as a technical mix.ture. Pentachlorophenol meeting the requirements of Federal Specification TT-W-570 and American Wood Preservers Association P8-7~ is especially suitable. These specifications require that pentachlorophenol contain not less than 95% of chlorinated phenols. It shall contain not more than 1~ of matter insoluble in N/l aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and it shall have a free~ing point of not less than 17~ C.
Other chlorinated phenols such as tetrachlorophenol or mixtures of tetra ~nd pen~achlorophenol may also be used in place of the pentachlorophenol as we~l as the sodium salts of these chlorinated phenols.
Several things must be considered when attempting to prepare water soluble pentachlorophenol treating solutions. Acceptable aqueous pentachloro-phenol treating solutions must be capable of penetrating deep into the wood and becoming deposited therein in an essentially non-leachable form. Prev-ious attempts to prepare water soluble pentachlorophenol treating solutions could not achieve satisfactory results in either of these ~wo requirements.
Therefore, it was unexpected that water soluble pentachlorophenol treating solutions could be obtained which, in fact, do penetrate deeply into wood and deposit the pentachlorophenol in an essentially non-leachable form in the practice of our invention. These solutions generally comprise pentachlorophenol, a butyl alcohol, an amine or ammonia and water as a solvent.
When wood is pressure treated with such a solution and dried9 the pentachloro-phenol becomes fixed into the wood.
The unexpected discovery of the effectiveness of aliphatic alcohols, especially the butyl alcohols in promoting the solubility of pentachlorophenol into aqueous systems is unique in consideration of the fact that pentachloro-phenol itself is very insoluble in water and that n-butyl alcohols are only soluble in water at room temperature to the extent of 9 parts alcohol in ]00 parts water.
9~3~i3 It was further discovered that the aliphatic alcohol-pentachlorophenol-amine or ammonia water soluble systems could be enhanced by pH control and by additions of further additives.
Mixtures of various alcohols can be used successfully in low amounts in the formulations of our invention as well as the specific alcohols alone. Among the alcohols used alone or in combination as a formulation aid are n-butyl alcohol, isopro-pyl alcohol, n-propanol, allyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and tertiary butyl alcohol.
Varying kinds of amines were discovered to be effective in the formulations; preferably the volatile ones. These include various concentrations of ammonia water (ammonium hydroxide) triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine, methyldiethanol~
amine and blends of these amines.
Copper salts which may be used include copper sulfate, copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, copper oxide and copper chloride. ~ -According to the first embodiment of the invention there is provided water soluble wood treating and presert~ing solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachloro-phenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about
2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45% by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consist-ing of triethyl amine, trimekhyl amine, methyl amine and methyl-diethanol amine and mixtures thereof (D) from about 1% to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0% to about 20% by weight sodium hydroxide.
According to the second embodiment of the invention -there J
8~3 is provided water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a ch]orophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2~ to about 9~% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45%
by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of triethyl amine, trime-thyl amine, methyl amine and methyldiethanol amine and mixtures thereof and (D) from about 1~ to about 97% by weight water.
According to the third embodiment of the invention there is provided water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45%
by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of -triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyldiethanol amine and mixtures thereof (D) from about 1%
to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0.02% to about 20% by weight sodium hydroxide.
In addition, these wood treating formulations may include varying amounts of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (0-10% by weight), copper salts (0-10% by weight), sodium citrate (0-10%
by weight~i sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate (0-10% by weight)and a lignin sulfonate such as ammonium or sodium lignin sulfonate (0-20% by weight) as added ingredients.
-4a-j~
As stated previously, extreme leachabili-ty problems have always been encountered when using water solutions of sodium salts of chlorinated phenols as wood preservatives. By practice of our invention it is now possible to prepare water-borne solu-tions of sodium pentachlorophenate and tetrachlorophenate which may be deposited in wood in essentially a non-leachable form.
-4b-, s~
Either pentachlorophenol or tetrachlorophenol may be used and formed into the sodium salt prior to use by reacting with sodium hydroxide or previously prepared commercially available sodium pentachlorophenate or tetrachlorophenate may be used.
If pentachlorophenol or tetrachlorophenol are used as the starting material they are mixed with sodium hydroxide and water. Then the treating solution is prepared from copper sulfate, an amine or ammonia and a lignin sulfonate. In this marmer, a ~reating solution is prepared which, when used to treat the wooden objects of this in~ention, deposits the chlorophenate in the wood in an essentially non-leachable form. Any of the amine, ammonia or lignin sulfonates previously described may be used. It has been found that solutions may be prepared using from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight pentachlorophenol or tetrachlorophenol, from about 0.02% to about 20% by weight sodium hydroxide; from about 0.5% to about 45% by weight amine or ammonia; from about 0.25% to about 20% by weight lignin sulfonate and from about 0-1% to about 10% by weight copper sulfate. Water may be used from 1%
to about 100% by weight.
Various formulations of this inYention were prepared and tested as to their effectiveness for wood penetration and wood fixation properties.
This involved wood treatment, leaching tests and analysis. The leaching tests and an~lysis generally conform to American Wood Preserver~s ~ssociation speci-fications M11-66 Method to Determine Leachability of Wood Preservatives and A5-76 Determination of Chloride f6r Calculating Pentachlorophenol in Solution or Wood.
The experimental details of leachlng tests may bé described as follows:
Four comparable 3/4" x 3/~ x 3/~" Douglas fir or Southern pine sapwood blocks treated with like solution retentions were split in two groups.
The blocks in Group 1 were directly assayed for pentachlorophenol while the ~3 Gro~p 2 blocks were leached and then assayed for pentachlorophenol. The blocks were weighed before and after treatment to determine retentions. Retention of control and leached blocks were considered and corrections made where necessary. The percent pentachlorophenol retained in the leached blocks were reported in the examples by use of the following equation:
leached blocks average PCP assay _ x 100 = Percent preservative retention in leached unleached blocks average PCP assay blocks The retained leaching water was also analyzed for preservative content. The treating equipment used for the most part (small scale~ was that described in the American ~ood Preserverr~s Association specification ~ 6, however, in examples 12 and 13 a larger pilot plant operation was used. This is described in the above noted examples.
In addition, treated wood speciment were given the soil block tests according to AWPA Standard Method M10-63, using Madison 617, Lenzites Trabea and Madison 698 Poria Monticola Murr fungi.
~`~ Fur~hermore, although it was originally intended that the treating compositions of our invention were designed for landsite use, it was discovered that the treated wood would withs~and a marine environment as shown in Examples 2 and 10. In these cases leaching with sea water was performed as well as with tap water.
Also, solution stability tests were run to insure that they would not form precipitates under normal treating conditions. Corrosion tests confirmed that the systems are non-corrosive to steel. Bronze or copper should not be used in treating plant equipment where these systems are involved.
h brief explanation of the design of the 42 experimental examples follows:
Examples 1 through 13 demonstrate general formulations and testing results of the invention. Examples 17 ~hrough 42 serve to demonstrate the - wide latitude or ranges of formula ingredients and concentrations that are ;3 suitable for obtaining acceptable wood treating solutions. Example 1~ serves as a control for the above examples. The formulations in ~xa~ple 14 do not incorporate the important alcohols of our invRntion and do not form good solutions since formula solubility is absolutely essential for wood treating purposes.
Although the examples here contain mostly 2% or 3~ pentachlorophenol, they can be readily formulated to contain from 1% to 50% pentachlorophenol.
The 2% or 3% formulas are used because they more closely conform to the amount generally used in commercially ~reated wood to me~t present military and ~nerican Wood Preservers Associations assay retention specifications.
These examples, in general, illustrate the facets and details of this invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope to the same.
Example 1. - To make 2.5% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating compositionL
FORMULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
83.5 Ibs. water The ingredients can be mixed in any order in this and the following experiments, but it is of convenience to dissolve the PCP in n-butyl alcohol (or other alcohols) as solution number 1. Ammonium hydroxide is dissolved in the water as solution number 2. Solutions numbers 1 and 2 are mixed together to provide the final wood treating system. If formulations specify e~tra ingredients, they can be added next.
The assay results on the borings after treatment of Douglas fir wood are as follows:
Assay, Lbs.
Depth of Penetration ~S~ o~d 0.0~ to 0.5~ zone o.68 0.5" to 1.0" 7one 0.~1 9~ i3 AWPA leach test results: 79.5% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example 2. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP3 in treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n- buty] alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 82.56 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.94 lbs. copper sulfate The assay results on the borings after treatment of Douglas fir wood are as ~ollows:
Assay, Lbs.
Depth of Penetration ~ ~ 1 0.0~ to 0.5~ ~one 0.43 0.5~ to 1.0~l zone o.38 AWPA leach test results: 83.7% preservative retained using control as 100%.
AWPA leach test results (by use of sea water leach~nt): 80.0% preservative lo retained using control as 100%.
Example 3. - To make 1.7% (by weight~ concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP3 treating composition.
1.7 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 12.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 78.~ lbs. water 0.5 lbs. sodium dichromate 0.5 lbs. copper sulfate 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate The assay results on the borings after treatment of Douglas Fir wood are as ~ollows:
Assay, Lbs.
De~th of Penetration PCP,/cu. ft. wood 0.0" to 0.5~ zone 0.44 0.5" to 1.0" zone 0.30 AI~PA leach test results: 67.4% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example 4. - To make 2.0% (by w~ght) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) 8 '`
~3 in treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-hutyl alcoho]
8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 82 . 5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. sodium gluconate l.0 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 83.6% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example_5. - To make a 2.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in treating composition.
FORMn1LA
2.0 lbs. pen-tachlorophenol (PCP) 6.o lbs. butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammoniu~l~hydroxide (28%~
82.7 lbs. water 0.3 lbs. sodium citrate 1.0 ]bs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 81.8% preservative retained using control as 100%.
xample 6. - To make 3.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP~
in treating compos~tion.
FO~MULA
According to the second embodiment of the invention -there J
8~3 is provided water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a ch]orophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2~ to about 9~% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45%
by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of triethyl amine, trime-thyl amine, methyl amine and methyldiethanol amine and mixtures thereof and (D) from about 1~ to about 97% by weight water.
According to the third embodiment of the invention there is provided water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45%
by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of -triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyldiethanol amine and mixtures thereof (D) from about 1%
to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0.02% to about 20% by weight sodium hydroxide.
In addition, these wood treating formulations may include varying amounts of tetrasodium pyrophosphate (0-10% by weight), copper salts (0-10% by weight), sodium citrate (0-10%
by weight~i sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate (0-10% by weight)and a lignin sulfonate such as ammonium or sodium lignin sulfonate (0-20% by weight) as added ingredients.
-4a-j~
As stated previously, extreme leachabili-ty problems have always been encountered when using water solutions of sodium salts of chlorinated phenols as wood preservatives. By practice of our invention it is now possible to prepare water-borne solu-tions of sodium pentachlorophenate and tetrachlorophenate which may be deposited in wood in essentially a non-leachable form.
-4b-, s~
Either pentachlorophenol or tetrachlorophenol may be used and formed into the sodium salt prior to use by reacting with sodium hydroxide or previously prepared commercially available sodium pentachlorophenate or tetrachlorophenate may be used.
If pentachlorophenol or tetrachlorophenol are used as the starting material they are mixed with sodium hydroxide and water. Then the treating solution is prepared from copper sulfate, an amine or ammonia and a lignin sulfonate. In this marmer, a ~reating solution is prepared which, when used to treat the wooden objects of this in~ention, deposits the chlorophenate in the wood in an essentially non-leachable form. Any of the amine, ammonia or lignin sulfonates previously described may be used. It has been found that solutions may be prepared using from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight pentachlorophenol or tetrachlorophenol, from about 0.02% to about 20% by weight sodium hydroxide; from about 0.5% to about 45% by weight amine or ammonia; from about 0.25% to about 20% by weight lignin sulfonate and from about 0-1% to about 10% by weight copper sulfate. Water may be used from 1%
to about 100% by weight.
Various formulations of this inYention were prepared and tested as to their effectiveness for wood penetration and wood fixation properties.
This involved wood treatment, leaching tests and analysis. The leaching tests and an~lysis generally conform to American Wood Preserver~s ~ssociation speci-fications M11-66 Method to Determine Leachability of Wood Preservatives and A5-76 Determination of Chloride f6r Calculating Pentachlorophenol in Solution or Wood.
The experimental details of leachlng tests may bé described as follows:
Four comparable 3/4" x 3/~ x 3/~" Douglas fir or Southern pine sapwood blocks treated with like solution retentions were split in two groups.
The blocks in Group 1 were directly assayed for pentachlorophenol while the ~3 Gro~p 2 blocks were leached and then assayed for pentachlorophenol. The blocks were weighed before and after treatment to determine retentions. Retention of control and leached blocks were considered and corrections made where necessary. The percent pentachlorophenol retained in the leached blocks were reported in the examples by use of the following equation:
leached blocks average PCP assay _ x 100 = Percent preservative retention in leached unleached blocks average PCP assay blocks The retained leaching water was also analyzed for preservative content. The treating equipment used for the most part (small scale~ was that described in the American ~ood Preserverr~s Association specification ~ 6, however, in examples 12 and 13 a larger pilot plant operation was used. This is described in the above noted examples.
In addition, treated wood speciment were given the soil block tests according to AWPA Standard Method M10-63, using Madison 617, Lenzites Trabea and Madison 698 Poria Monticola Murr fungi.
~`~ Fur~hermore, although it was originally intended that the treating compositions of our invention were designed for landsite use, it was discovered that the treated wood would withs~and a marine environment as shown in Examples 2 and 10. In these cases leaching with sea water was performed as well as with tap water.
Also, solution stability tests were run to insure that they would not form precipitates under normal treating conditions. Corrosion tests confirmed that the systems are non-corrosive to steel. Bronze or copper should not be used in treating plant equipment where these systems are involved.
h brief explanation of the design of the 42 experimental examples follows:
Examples 1 through 13 demonstrate general formulations and testing results of the invention. Examples 17 ~hrough 42 serve to demonstrate the - wide latitude or ranges of formula ingredients and concentrations that are ;3 suitable for obtaining acceptable wood treating solutions. Example 1~ serves as a control for the above examples. The formulations in ~xa~ple 14 do not incorporate the important alcohols of our invRntion and do not form good solutions since formula solubility is absolutely essential for wood treating purposes.
Although the examples here contain mostly 2% or 3~ pentachlorophenol, they can be readily formulated to contain from 1% to 50% pentachlorophenol.
The 2% or 3% formulas are used because they more closely conform to the amount generally used in commercially ~reated wood to me~t present military and ~nerican Wood Preservers Associations assay retention specifications.
These examples, in general, illustrate the facets and details of this invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope to the same.
Example 1. - To make 2.5% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating compositionL
FORMULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
83.5 Ibs. water The ingredients can be mixed in any order in this and the following experiments, but it is of convenience to dissolve the PCP in n-butyl alcohol (or other alcohols) as solution number 1. Ammonium hydroxide is dissolved in the water as solution number 2. Solutions numbers 1 and 2 are mixed together to provide the final wood treating system. If formulations specify e~tra ingredients, they can be added next.
The assay results on the borings after treatment of Douglas fir wood are as follows:
Assay, Lbs.
Depth of Penetration ~S~ o~d 0.0~ to 0.5~ zone o.68 0.5" to 1.0" 7one 0.~1 9~ i3 AWPA leach test results: 79.5% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example 2. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP3 in treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n- buty] alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 82.56 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate 0.94 lbs. copper sulfate The assay results on the borings after treatment of Douglas fir wood are as ~ollows:
Assay, Lbs.
Depth of Penetration ~ ~ 1 0.0~ to 0.5~ ~one 0.43 0.5~ to 1.0~l zone o.38 AWPA leach test results: 83.7% preservative retained using control as 100%.
AWPA leach test results (by use of sea water leach~nt): 80.0% preservative lo retained using control as 100%.
Example 3. - To make 1.7% (by weight~ concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP3 treating composition.
1.7 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 12.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 78.~ lbs. water 0.5 lbs. sodium dichromate 0.5 lbs. copper sulfate 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate The assay results on the borings after treatment of Douglas Fir wood are as ~ollows:
Assay, Lbs.
De~th of Penetration PCP,/cu. ft. wood 0.0" to 0.5~ zone 0.44 0.5" to 1.0" zone 0.30 AI~PA leach test results: 67.4% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example 4. - To make 2.0% (by w~ght) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) 8 '`
~3 in treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-hutyl alcoho]
8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 82 . 5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. sodium gluconate l.0 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 83.6% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example_5. - To make a 2.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in treating composition.
FORMn1LA
2.0 lbs. pen-tachlorophenol (PCP) 6.o lbs. butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammoniu~l~hydroxide (28%~
82.7 lbs. water 0.3 lbs. sodium citrate 1.0 ]bs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 81.8% preservative retained using control as 100%.
xample 6. - To make 3.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP~
in treating compos~tion.
FO~MULA
3.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-~utyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 81.75 lbs. water 0.25 lbs. sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 98.5% preservative retained using control as 100%.
xam~le 7. - To make 2.0% ~by weight) concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP~
treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 83.2 lbs. water 0.3 lbs. sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate 0.5 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 80% preservative retained using control as 100%.
_ 9 _ Example 8. - To make 1.5% (by weight3 concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP3 in treating composition.
FORMULA
1.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 83.5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. sodium dichromate 0.5 Ibs. copper sul~ate ~WPA leach test results: 100% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example 9~ - To make 2.0% (by welght~ concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP3 treating composition.
F~MULA
-2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
83.o lbs. water 0.5 lbs. sodium dichromate 0.5 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 100% preservative retained using control as 100%~
- Two treating compositions containing 2.0% (by weight~ concentra-~ ~ .
tion of tetrachlorophenol (TCP) were made.
FORMULAE
a. 2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
82.5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate l.0 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 91% preservative retained using control as 100%.
AWPA leach test results (by use of sea water leachant): 81.9% preservative retained using control as 100%.
b. 2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
82.5 lbs. water .
0.5 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate l.0 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 83% preservative retained using control as 100%.
.
9~3 AWPA leach test results (by use of sea water leachant): 80% preservative retained using control as 100%.
E~ample 11. - To make 2% (by weight) concentration of tetrachlorophenol (PCP~
treating composit~on.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 10.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (23%) 0.5 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate 80.5 lbs. water The assay results on the borings after treatment of the Douglas Fir wood are as follows.
Assay, Ibs.
Depth of Penetration PCP/cu. ft. wood 0.0" to 0.5~ ~one 0.58 0.5~ to 1.0~ 7one o.66 Example 12. - To make 2.0% (by weigh~ concen~ration of pentachlorophenol (~CP) in tre æing composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 0.5 lbs. sodium hydroxide 8-0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide(924%) 85.5 lbs. water 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate (51%~
1.0 lbs. copper sulfate TEST CONDITIONS
The experiment using the above composition was conducted in a large scale experimental retort 72 feet in length by 15 inches in diameter. The initial vacuum was 28 inches Hg for one half hour, then 135 lbs. pressure was applied to the treating load for 18 hours. The treated posts were 6 feet, 6 inches long by 6-7 inches in diameter.
RESULTS ON SOUTHERN PINE POST TREATMENT
The assay results on the borings taken from the treated wood are as follows:
8~3 A.ssay, lbs.
Depth of Penetration PCP/cu. _ft._ wood .. . . _ _ 0.0" to 0.5" zone 1.06 0.5" to 1.0" zone o.69 1.0" to 1.5" zone 0.69 1.5" to 2-0" zone 0.71 Example 13. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of tetrachlorophenol (TCP3 in treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 0.5 lbs. ~odium hydroxide 7.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (24%) 86.5 lbs. water 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate (51%) 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate TEST CONDITIONS
The experiment using the above composition was conducted in a large scale experimental retort 72 feet in length by 15 inches in diameter. The initial vacuum was 28 inches Hg for one half hour, then 135 lbs. pressure was applied to the treating load for 18 hours. The treated posts were 6 ft. 6 inches long by 6-7 inches in diameter.
RESVLTS ON THE WOOD POST TREATMENT
. . ... _ . =
The assay resul~s on the borings taken from the treated Southern pine wood are as follows:
Assay, lbs.
Depth of Penetration TCP~cu. ft. wood 0.0" to 0.5" zone 0-83 0.5" to 1.0" zone 0.57 1.0" to 1.5" zone 0.51 1.5" to 2.0" zone 0-47 The assay results on the borings taken from the treated Douglas fir wood are as follows:
Assay, lbs.
Depth of P nctration TCPLcu. ft- wood 0.0~ to 0.5~ zone o.67 0.5" to 1.0" zone 0.40 Example 14. - To make 2 - 2.5 (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol~
in absence of n-butyl alcohol or other alcohols, the following formulas were attempted:
FORMULAE
a. 2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (~28%) 90.0 lbs. water b. 2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 25.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 72.5 lbs. water c. 2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 25.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 71.0 lbs. water 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate These formulations formed insoluble mixtures and thus were no~ suitable for wood treatments in the absence of butyl alcohol Example 15. - To make 3.0% (by weight~ concentration of sodium pentachloro- -~
phenate in treating composition.
FORMULA
3.0 lbs. so~ium pentachlorophenate ; 4.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 93.0 lbs. water The assay results on the borings after treatment of the Douglas Fir wood are as follows:~
Assay~ lbs.
~,~ Dep _ of _enetra~ion PCP~cu. ft wood lU
0.0" to 0.5" zone 0.90 0.5~ to 1.0~ zone 0-75 AI~PA leach test results: 20.8% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example 16. - A 3.0% (by weight~ concentration of sodium pentachlorophenate in treating composition was made in the absence of butyl alcohol.
FORMUEA
` -$.o 1~ s~dium pentachlorophenate -- 97~0 lbs. water The assay results on the borings after treatment of Douglas Fir wood are as follows:
9~53 Ass~y, Ibs.
Depth of Pene~ration PCP/cu- ft. wodd 0.0" to 0.5" zone 1.1 0.5~ to 1.0~ zone 0-04 Example 17~ - To make 2.5% (by weight) concentration ofpentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 8.o lbs. n-propanol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide ~28%) 81.5 lbs. water Exam~le 18. - To make 2.5% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PcP) in treating composition.
FORMULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 10.0 lbs. allyl alcohol 8.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 79.5 lbs. water Example 19. - To make 2.5% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP3 in treating composition.
FO~MUI31,s.
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. secondary butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 83.5 lbs. water Example 20. - To make 2.5% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP~ in treating composition.
ORMULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. iso-butyl alcohol 8-0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%3 83.5 lbs. ~ater Example_21. - To make 2.5% (by w~ight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in treating composition.
FORMULA
2.5 -lbs. pentachlorophenol 10.0 lbs. tertiary butyl alcohol _ ~ _ ~ $853 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 79.5 lbs. water Exa~ 22. - To make 1.0% (by weight~ eoncentra~ion of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a treating composition.
1.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 2.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 3.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%3 94.0 lbs. water Example 23. - To make 0.1% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a treating composition.
FO~MULA
0.1 lbs. pentachlorophenol 2.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 2.0 lbs. ammonium hydro~ide ~28%'~
95.9 lbso water Example 24. - To make 10.0% (by weight3 coneentration of pentachlorophenol ~P
(PCP) in a treating composition.
FORMULA
10.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 12.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 12.0 Ibs. ammonium hydroxide (28%3 66.o lbs. water E_a_ple 25. - To make 1.0% (by weight) eoncentration of pentachlorophenol (PGP3 in a treating eomposition.
FORMULA
1.0 lbs. pentaehlorophenol 97.0 lbs. n-butyl aleohol 2.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide ~28%3 Example Z6. - To make 50.0% (by weight~ eoneentration of pentaehlorophenol (PCP) in a treating eomposition.
FORMULA
50.0 lbs. pentaehlorophenol 48.o lbs. n-butyl aleohol 2.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%3 - To make 25.0% (by weight3 eoneentration oP pentaehlorophenol (PCP~ in a treating composition.
FDRMULA
25.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 30.0 lbs. n-butyl aLcohol 45.0 lbs. ammoniwm hydroxide (28%) Ex m~le 28. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl aLcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
1.0 lbs. copper sulfate lo.o lbs. sodiwm N-dihydroxyethylglycinate 73.0 lbs. water E~ample 29 - To make 2.5% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 15.0 lbs. ammoniwn hydroxide (14%) 76.5 lbs. water E~am~le 30. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol
xam~le 7. - To make 2.0% ~by weight) concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP~
treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 83.2 lbs. water 0.3 lbs. sodium N-dihydroxyethylglycinate 0.5 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 80% preservative retained using control as 100%.
_ 9 _ Example 8. - To make 1.5% (by weight3 concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP3 in treating composition.
FORMULA
1.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 83.5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. sodium dichromate 0.5 Ibs. copper sul~ate ~WPA leach test results: 100% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example 9~ - To make 2.0% (by welght~ concentration pentachlorophenol (PCP3 treating composition.
F~MULA
-2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
83.o lbs. water 0.5 lbs. sodium dichromate 0.5 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 100% preservative retained using control as 100%~
- Two treating compositions containing 2.0% (by weight~ concentra-~ ~ .
tion of tetrachlorophenol (TCP) were made.
FORMULAE
a. 2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
82.5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate l.0 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 91% preservative retained using control as 100%.
AWPA leach test results (by use of sea water leachant): 81.9% preservative retained using control as 100%.
b. 2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
82.5 lbs. water .
0.5 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate l.0 lbs. copper sulfate AWPA leach test results: 83% preservative retained using control as 100%.
.
9~3 AWPA leach test results (by use of sea water leachant): 80% preservative retained using control as 100%.
E~ample 11. - To make 2% (by weight) concentration of tetrachlorophenol (PCP~
treating composit~on.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 10.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (23%) 0.5 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate 80.5 lbs. water The assay results on the borings after treatment of the Douglas Fir wood are as follows.
Assay, Ibs.
Depth of Penetration PCP/cu. ft. wood 0.0" to 0.5~ ~one 0.58 0.5~ to 1.0~ 7one o.66 Example 12. - To make 2.0% (by weigh~ concen~ration of pentachlorophenol (~CP) in tre æing composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 0.5 lbs. sodium hydroxide 8-0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide(924%) 85.5 lbs. water 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate (51%~
1.0 lbs. copper sulfate TEST CONDITIONS
The experiment using the above composition was conducted in a large scale experimental retort 72 feet in length by 15 inches in diameter. The initial vacuum was 28 inches Hg for one half hour, then 135 lbs. pressure was applied to the treating load for 18 hours. The treated posts were 6 feet, 6 inches long by 6-7 inches in diameter.
RESULTS ON SOUTHERN PINE POST TREATMENT
The assay results on the borings taken from the treated wood are as follows:
8~3 A.ssay, lbs.
Depth of Penetration PCP/cu. _ft._ wood .. . . _ _ 0.0" to 0.5" zone 1.06 0.5" to 1.0" zone o.69 1.0" to 1.5" zone 0.69 1.5" to 2-0" zone 0.71 Example 13. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of tetrachlorophenol (TCP3 in treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 0.5 lbs. ~odium hydroxide 7.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (24%) 86.5 lbs. water 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate (51%) 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate TEST CONDITIONS
The experiment using the above composition was conducted in a large scale experimental retort 72 feet in length by 15 inches in diameter. The initial vacuum was 28 inches Hg for one half hour, then 135 lbs. pressure was applied to the treating load for 18 hours. The treated posts were 6 ft. 6 inches long by 6-7 inches in diameter.
RESVLTS ON THE WOOD POST TREATMENT
. . ... _ . =
The assay resul~s on the borings taken from the treated Southern pine wood are as follows:
Assay, lbs.
Depth of Penetration TCP~cu. ft. wood 0.0" to 0.5" zone 0-83 0.5" to 1.0" zone 0.57 1.0" to 1.5" zone 0.51 1.5" to 2.0" zone 0-47 The assay results on the borings taken from the treated Douglas fir wood are as follows:
Assay, lbs.
Depth of P nctration TCPLcu. ft- wood 0.0~ to 0.5~ zone o.67 0.5" to 1.0" zone 0.40 Example 14. - To make 2 - 2.5 (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol~
in absence of n-butyl alcohol or other alcohols, the following formulas were attempted:
FORMULAE
a. 2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (~28%) 90.0 lbs. water b. 2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 25.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 72.5 lbs. water c. 2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 25.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 71.0 lbs. water 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate These formulations formed insoluble mixtures and thus were no~ suitable for wood treatments in the absence of butyl alcohol Example 15. - To make 3.0% (by weight~ concentration of sodium pentachloro- -~
phenate in treating composition.
FORMULA
3.0 lbs. so~ium pentachlorophenate ; 4.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 93.0 lbs. water The assay results on the borings after treatment of the Douglas Fir wood are as follows:~
Assay~ lbs.
~,~ Dep _ of _enetra~ion PCP~cu. ft wood lU
0.0" to 0.5" zone 0.90 0.5~ to 1.0~ zone 0-75 AI~PA leach test results: 20.8% preservative retained using control as 100%.
Example 16. - A 3.0% (by weight~ concentration of sodium pentachlorophenate in treating composition was made in the absence of butyl alcohol.
FORMUEA
` -$.o 1~ s~dium pentachlorophenate -- 97~0 lbs. water The assay results on the borings after treatment of Douglas Fir wood are as follows:
9~53 Ass~y, Ibs.
Depth of Pene~ration PCP/cu- ft. wodd 0.0" to 0.5" zone 1.1 0.5~ to 1.0~ zone 0-04 Example 17~ - To make 2.5% (by weight) concentration ofpentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 8.o lbs. n-propanol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide ~28%) 81.5 lbs. water Exam~le 18. - To make 2.5% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PcP) in treating composition.
FORMULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 10.0 lbs. allyl alcohol 8.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 79.5 lbs. water Example 19. - To make 2.5% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP3 in treating composition.
FO~MUI31,s.
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. secondary butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 83.5 lbs. water Example 20. - To make 2.5% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP~ in treating composition.
ORMULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. iso-butyl alcohol 8-0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%3 83.5 lbs. ~ater Example_21. - To make 2.5% (by w~ight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in treating composition.
FORMULA
2.5 -lbs. pentachlorophenol 10.0 lbs. tertiary butyl alcohol _ ~ _ ~ $853 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 79.5 lbs. water Exa~ 22. - To make 1.0% (by weight~ eoncentra~ion of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a treating composition.
1.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 2.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 3.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%3 94.0 lbs. water Example 23. - To make 0.1% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a treating composition.
FO~MULA
0.1 lbs. pentachlorophenol 2.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 2.0 lbs. ammonium hydro~ide ~28%'~
95.9 lbso water Example 24. - To make 10.0% (by weight3 coneentration of pentachlorophenol ~P
(PCP) in a treating composition.
FORMULA
10.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 12.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 12.0 Ibs. ammonium hydroxide (28%3 66.o lbs. water E_a_ple 25. - To make 1.0% (by weight) eoncentration of pentachlorophenol (PGP3 in a treating eomposition.
FORMULA
1.0 lbs. pentaehlorophenol 97.0 lbs. n-butyl aleohol 2.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide ~28%3 Example Z6. - To make 50.0% (by weight~ eoneentration of pentaehlorophenol (PCP) in a treating eomposition.
FORMULA
50.0 lbs. pentaehlorophenol 48.o lbs. n-butyl aleohol 2.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%3 - To make 25.0% (by weight3 eoneentration oP pentaehlorophenol (PCP~ in a treating composition.
FDRMULA
25.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 30.0 lbs. n-butyl aLcohol 45.0 lbs. ammoniwm hydroxide (28%) Ex m~le 28. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl aLcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
1.0 lbs. copper sulfate lo.o lbs. sodiwm N-dihydroxyethylglycinate 73.0 lbs. water E~ample 29 - To make 2.5% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.5 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 15.0 lbs. ammoniwn hydroxide (14%) 76.5 lbs. water E~am~le 30. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol
4.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 4.0 lbs. isopropyl alcohol 80.5 lbs. water 8.o lbs. ammoniwn hydroxide (28%3 0.5 lbs. tetrasodiwn py~ophosphate 1.0 lbs. copper suLfate E~ample 31. - To mak0 3.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FORMULA
- 3.0 :Lbs. pentachlorophenol 4.0 lbs. n-butyL alcohol 4.0 lbs. isopropyl alcohol 81.0 lbs. water 8.o lbs. ammoniwm hydroxide (28%~
E~am~le 32. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol 8S;3 (PCP) in a treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 :Lbs. pentachlorophenol 4.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 4.0 lbs. isopropyl alcohol 80.5 lbs. water 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide ~28%) 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Example 33. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concent~ation of pentachlorophenol (PCP~ in a treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcohol 3.0 lbs. triethyl amine 85.5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium ~yrophosphate 3.0 lbs. acetone E~ample 34. - To make 2.0% (by weight3 concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.0 lbs. pcntachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcoho~
3.0 lbs. trimethyl amine 89.o lbs. water Example 35. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PC~) in a treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcoh~l 3.0 lbs. methyldiethanolamine 89.o lbs. water Example 36. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP~ in a t~eating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8900 lbs. water 300 lbs. methyl anine ~i3 Ex mple 37. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentr.ation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 82.0 lbs. water 1.0 lbs. a~noni~n lignin .sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sul~ate Examele 3.8. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of tetrachlorophenol-pentachlorophenol treating composition.
FORMULA
l.o lbs. pentachlorophenol 1.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8~o lbs. ammonium hydroxide [28%~
82.5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. ammonium lignin ~ulfate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Example 39. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP~ treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6 . o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
82.0 lbs. water 1.0 lbs. sodium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Example 40. - To make 2% ~by weight) concentration of sodium pentachlorophenate treating solution using sodium pentachlorophenate.
FO~MULA
12.0 lbs. sodium pentachlorophenate (16.7% concent~ate~
74~0 lbs. water 10.0 lbs. ammoni~n hydroxide 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Exam~le 41. - To make a 2% (by weight) concentration of sodium pentachloro-phenate treating solution using pentachlorophenol.
FOR~nJLA
.: ., ,' - ' ' , . . , :
~g~S3 2.0 lbs. pen-tachlorophenol 0.75 lbs. sodium hydro~ide 83.25 lbs. water 10.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Example 42. - To make a 2% (by weight) concentration of sodium tetrachloro-phenate treating solution using tetrachlorophenol 2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol o.6 lbs. sodium hydroxide 83.4 lbs. water 10.0 lbs. ammonium hydro~ide 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate ,
FORMULA
- 3.0 :Lbs. pentachlorophenol 4.0 lbs. n-butyL alcohol 4.0 lbs. isopropyl alcohol 81.0 lbs. water 8.o lbs. ammoniwm hydroxide (28%~
E~am~le 32. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol 8S;3 (PCP) in a treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 :Lbs. pentachlorophenol 4.0 lbs. n-butyl alcohol 4.0 lbs. isopropyl alcohol 80.5 lbs. water 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide ~28%) 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium pyrophosphate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Example 33. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concent~ation of pentachlorophenol (PCP~ in a treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcohol 3.0 lbs. triethyl amine 85.5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. tetrasodium ~yrophosphate 3.0 lbs. acetone E~ample 34. - To make 2.0% (by weight3 concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in a treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.0 lbs. pcntachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcoho~
3.0 lbs. trimethyl amine 89.o lbs. water Example 35. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PC~) in a treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. butyl alcoh~l 3.0 lbs. methyldiethanolamine 89.o lbs. water Example 36. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP~ in a t~eating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8900 lbs. water 300 lbs. methyl anine ~i3 Ex mple 37. - To make 2.0% (by weight~ concentr.ation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) treating composition.
FO~MULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.o lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%) 82.0 lbs. water 1.0 lbs. a~noni~n lignin .sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sul~ate Examele 3.8. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of tetrachlorophenol-pentachlorophenol treating composition.
FORMULA
l.o lbs. pentachlorophenol 1.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol 6.o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8~o lbs. ammonium hydroxide [28%~
82.5 lbs. water 0.5 lbs. ammonium lignin ~ulfate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Example 39. - To make 2.0% (by weight) concentration of pentachlorophenol (PCP~ treating composition.
FORMULA
2.0 lbs. pentachlorophenol 6 . o lbs. n-butyl alcohol 8.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide (28%~
82.0 lbs. water 1.0 lbs. sodium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Example 40. - To make 2% ~by weight) concentration of sodium pentachlorophenate treating solution using sodium pentachlorophenate.
FO~MULA
12.0 lbs. sodium pentachlorophenate (16.7% concent~ate~
74~0 lbs. water 10.0 lbs. ammoni~n hydroxide 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Exam~le 41. - To make a 2% (by weight) concentration of sodium pentachloro-phenate treating solution using pentachlorophenol.
FOR~nJLA
.: ., ,' - ' ' , . . , :
~g~S3 2.0 lbs. pen-tachlorophenol 0.75 lbs. sodium hydro~ide 83.25 lbs. water 10.0 lbs. ammonium hydroxide 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate Example 42. - To make a 2% (by weight) concentration of sodium tetrachloro-phenate treating solution using tetrachlorophenol 2.0 lbs. tetrachlorophenol o.6 lbs. sodium hydroxide 83.4 lbs. water 10.0 lbs. ammonium hydro~ide 3.0 lbs. ammonium lignin sulfonate 1.0 lbs. copper sulfate ,
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and iso-propyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45% by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyldiethanol amine and mixtures thereof (D) from about 1%
to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0% to about 20% by weight sodium hydroxide.
to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0% to about 20% by weight sodium hydroxide.
2. Water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachloro-phenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45% by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consist-ing of triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyl-diethanol amine and mixtures thereof and (D) from about 1% to about 97% by weight water.
3. The water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions according to claim 2 wherein at least one member selected from the following group is added: tetrasodium pyrophosphate, copper salts, sodium citrate, sodium n-dihydroxyethylglycinate, ammonium lignin sulfonate and sodium lignin sulfonate.
4. Water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions consisting of blends of (A) from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a chlorophenol selected from a group consisting of pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol and mixtures thereof (B) from about 2% to about 98% by weight aliphatic alcohols selected from the group consisting of N-butyl alcohol, secondary butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof (C) from about 0.56% to about 45%
by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyldiethanol amine and mixtures thereof (D) from about 1% to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0.02% to about 20%
by weight sodium hydroxide.
by weight of ammonium hydroxide or an amine selected from the group consisting of triethyl amine, trimethyl amine, methyl amine and methyldiethanol amine and mixtures thereof (D) from about 1% to about 97% by weight water and (E) from 0.02% to about 20%
by weight sodium hydroxide.
5. The water soluble wood treating and preserving solutions according to claim 4 wherein at least one member selected from the following group is added: tetrasodium pyrophosphate, copper salts, sodium citrate, sodium n-dihydroxyethylglycinate, ammonium lignin sulfonate and sodium lignin sulfonate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US85703577A | 1977-12-02 | 1977-12-02 | |
| US857,035 | 1992-03-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1099853A true CA1099853A (en) | 1981-04-28 |
Family
ID=25325030
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA301,244A Expired CA1099853A (en) | 1977-12-02 | 1978-04-17 | Water soluble pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol wood treating systems |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU522168B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7803677A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1099853A (en) |
| MX (1) | MX150535A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ186595A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA781031B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006091113A1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-31 | Mattersmiths Holdings Limited, | Compositions for use in treating organic substances |
-
1978
- 1978-02-21 ZA ZA00781031A patent/ZA781031B/en unknown
- 1978-02-23 AU AU33582/78A patent/AU522168B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-03-01 NZ NZ18659578A patent/NZ186595A/en unknown
- 1978-03-08 MX MX17269378A patent/MX150535A/en unknown
- 1978-04-17 CA CA301,244A patent/CA1099853A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-07 BR BR7803677A patent/BR7803677A/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006091113A1 (en) * | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-31 | Mattersmiths Holdings Limited, | Compositions for use in treating organic substances |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU522168B2 (en) | 1982-05-20 |
| BR7803677A (en) | 1979-07-10 |
| NZ186595A (en) | 1980-12-19 |
| AU3358278A (en) | 1979-08-30 |
| MX150535A (en) | 1984-05-23 |
| ZA781031B (en) | 1979-02-28 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |