CA1097195A - Band saw for meat - Google Patents
Band saw for meatInfo
- Publication number
- CA1097195A CA1097195A CA334,007A CA334007A CA1097195A CA 1097195 A CA1097195 A CA 1097195A CA 334007 A CA334007 A CA 334007A CA 1097195 A CA1097195 A CA 1097195A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- meat
- blade
- saw
- cutting
- operator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
- B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
- B26D1/46—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having an endless band-knife or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D53/00—Machines or devices for sawing with strap saw-blades which are effectively endless in use, e.g. for contour cutting
- B23D53/02—Machines or devices for sawing with strap saw-blades which are effectively endless in use, e.g. for contour cutting with stationarily-mounted wheels, i.e. during sawing carrying the strap
- B23D53/023—Arrangements for tilting the head carrying the saw wheels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A meat saw having a band saw blade (20) mounted such that the downwardly, moving cutting flight of the blade has its teeth descending at an angle toward the saw table (14) in the direction of feed of the meat being cut. The cutting flight is displaced from the table surface in the order of 75°.
Description
~'7195 -BAND SAW FOR ME~T
Background of the Invention This invention relates: to the sawing of meat with a meat saw oE the general type disclosed 5 in U. S. Patent ~,585,957 issued February 19, 1962.
Such saws have a band blade which passes around upper and lower wheels, the lower wneel usually being the driven one, with the downwardly moving cutting fligllt oE the blade passing through a slot in the stationary saw table. The operation of the meat saw i~s such t'llat a meat cutter (operator) usually stands to the side of tne ~lade, looking at the side of the band rather than the edge. A gage plate is mounted on the other side of the blade from the opera~or's position, and is adjustable to~ard and away rom the blade. On the near side o~ the blade a carriage is provided movable in the plane of the stationary table top parallel to the gage plate, in other words, from side to sicle of the operator~
The gage plate is set for the desired thickness of cut, a large piece oE meat is placed on the carriage ancl is thrust forward, away from tl~e operator, in~o engagement with the gage plate, at a position clear of the toothed edge of the blade.
The operator then moves the carriage and the meat thereon into the blade, feeding through the patn oE
the moving blade as the cut is made. The portion or slice of meat being removed slides against the gage plate and over the section oE the stationary table between the blade opening and the gage plate. rrhese steps are repeated to saw the piece into slices of like thickness.
It is important for the operator ko observe the continuity of this operation, so that the sliced cut of meat is continually held against the gage plate, and a slice of uniform thicknes.s, such as a ~.~
~97~gS
steak or chop, iS produced. If the operator does not observe and guide the meat properly, it is possible for a "tail" or appendage of lean meat to be produced at the trailing end of the large piece oE
meat rom which progressive slices or steaks are being cut. Thus, the meat cutter/operator i5 reguired to hold the meat being cut properly in position, move the carriage and the meat thereon in order to feed it toward the band saw blade, and continually maintain the meat in position as cutting progresses, in oLder to assure a uniform cut.
In an attempt to minimize the feeding thrust required of the operator, and in order to provide proper sawing of meat which may be frozen or may contain gristle, bone, ancl fat in addition to the lean meat, it is customary to operate the band saw blade at a rather high speed, ~or example in the order of 3000 ft/min. for cooled meat to 5000 ~t/min. for frozen meat.
U. S. Patent No. 169,035 issued Oc-tober 19, 1975, discloses a band saw wherein the cutting fligh-t of t'ne saw moves downwar(l and against the direction oE ~eed of the product. The relationship is apparent from Fig. 2 of the drawings, wllerein the ~5 arrangement of the cutting band blade is at an obtuse angle to tlle material.
U. S. Patent No. 192,917 issued July 10, 1877, discloses a conventional band saw arrangement, however, the carriage for logs being sawed provides ~or a slight upward motion of the logs into the blade. The carriage is located at an obtuse (more than 90) angle to the cutting teeth of the band blade.
U. S. Patent No. 1,576,051 issued March 9, 1926, illustrates a band saw wherein the band wheels and the band blade can be moved between horizontal ~97~95 and vertical positions. The reference does not specify any maintained angular relationship of the band blade and table.
U. S. Patent No. 2,179,659 issued Nove~ber 14, 1939, discloses a multi-blade slicing machine such as used for slicing loaves of bread. Adjacent flights of the band blades cut upward and downward r in other words, each blade is guided so that both upward and downward moviny flights are active in cutting slices, causing the blades to act in op-posite directions on opposite sides of each slice.
Loaves are fed by a carriage through the multiple bands, with the loaf having a slight angle to the path of the blades, however, any self-feeding com-~5 ponent of any of the blades that might exist isovercome by the other bl~des acting in opposite directions.
U. S. Patent No. 2,293,053 issued August 18, 19~2, shows a plurality of reciprocating blades acting generally at right angles to a conveyor for loaves of bread; and the apparent incline of the blades is merely due to the incline of the conveyor.
`U. S. Patent No. 2,300,278 issued October 27, 1942, shows multiple band blade slicing machine 25 for bread. Again, both flights of the blade are cutting flights, and a cross in a shallow X pattern, with the hori20ntal line plane through the center or the loaf intersecting the plane ~hrough which the blades cross in moving from top to bottom. Adjacent 30 band or flights cut in opposite directions.
U. S. Patent No. 2,311,762 issued February 23, 1943, also shows a plural band bread slicer where th~ blades cross over and are guided so that both upward and downward flights slice the loaf.
U. S. Patent 2,551,268 issued May 1, l9Sl discloses a work support table which is adjustable 7~95 I -4~
in inclination in both directions. The table, however, is stationary and the band saw structure reciprocates to cut through the work.
U. S. Patent NoO 2 J 705,510 issued April 5, 1955, discloses a band saw movable between an upright position (Figs. 1 and 2) and a lowered cut-off position (Fig. 16).
U. S. Patent No. 2,862,231 issued December
Background of the Invention This invention relates: to the sawing of meat with a meat saw oE the general type disclosed 5 in U. S. Patent ~,585,957 issued February 19, 1962.
Such saws have a band blade which passes around upper and lower wheels, the lower wneel usually being the driven one, with the downwardly moving cutting fligllt oE the blade passing through a slot in the stationary saw table. The operation of the meat saw i~s such t'llat a meat cutter (operator) usually stands to the side of tne ~lade, looking at the side of the band rather than the edge. A gage plate is mounted on the other side of the blade from the opera~or's position, and is adjustable to~ard and away rom the blade. On the near side o~ the blade a carriage is provided movable in the plane of the stationary table top parallel to the gage plate, in other words, from side to sicle of the operator~
The gage plate is set for the desired thickness of cut, a large piece oE meat is placed on the carriage ancl is thrust forward, away from tl~e operator, in~o engagement with the gage plate, at a position clear of the toothed edge of the blade.
The operator then moves the carriage and the meat thereon into the blade, feeding through the patn oE
the moving blade as the cut is made. The portion or slice of meat being removed slides against the gage plate and over the section oE the stationary table between the blade opening and the gage plate. rrhese steps are repeated to saw the piece into slices of like thickness.
It is important for the operator ko observe the continuity of this operation, so that the sliced cut of meat is continually held against the gage plate, and a slice of uniform thicknes.s, such as a ~.~
~97~gS
steak or chop, iS produced. If the operator does not observe and guide the meat properly, it is possible for a "tail" or appendage of lean meat to be produced at the trailing end of the large piece oE
meat rom which progressive slices or steaks are being cut. Thus, the meat cutter/operator i5 reguired to hold the meat being cut properly in position, move the carriage and the meat thereon in order to feed it toward the band saw blade, and continually maintain the meat in position as cutting progresses, in oLder to assure a uniform cut.
In an attempt to minimize the feeding thrust required of the operator, and in order to provide proper sawing of meat which may be frozen or may contain gristle, bone, ancl fat in addition to the lean meat, it is customary to operate the band saw blade at a rather high speed, ~or example in the order of 3000 ft/min. for cooled meat to 5000 ~t/min. for frozen meat.
U. S. Patent No. 169,035 issued Oc-tober 19, 1975, discloses a band saw wherein the cutting fligh-t of t'ne saw moves downwar(l and against the direction oE ~eed of the product. The relationship is apparent from Fig. 2 of the drawings, wllerein the ~5 arrangement of the cutting band blade is at an obtuse angle to tlle material.
U. S. Patent No. 192,917 issued July 10, 1877, discloses a conventional band saw arrangement, however, the carriage for logs being sawed provides ~or a slight upward motion of the logs into the blade. The carriage is located at an obtuse (more than 90) angle to the cutting teeth of the band blade.
U. S. Patent No. 1,576,051 issued March 9, 1926, illustrates a band saw wherein the band wheels and the band blade can be moved between horizontal ~97~95 and vertical positions. The reference does not specify any maintained angular relationship of the band blade and table.
U. S. Patent No. 2,179,659 issued Nove~ber 14, 1939, discloses a multi-blade slicing machine such as used for slicing loaves of bread. Adjacent flights of the band blades cut upward and downward r in other words, each blade is guided so that both upward and downward moviny flights are active in cutting slices, causing the blades to act in op-posite directions on opposite sides of each slice.
Loaves are fed by a carriage through the multiple bands, with the loaf having a slight angle to the path of the blades, however, any self-feeding com-~5 ponent of any of the blades that might exist isovercome by the other bl~des acting in opposite directions.
U. S. Patent No. 2,293,053 issued August 18, 19~2, shows a plurality of reciprocating blades acting generally at right angles to a conveyor for loaves of bread; and the apparent incline of the blades is merely due to the incline of the conveyor.
`U. S. Patent No. 2,300,278 issued October 27, 1942, shows multiple band blade slicing machine 25 for bread. Again, both flights of the blade are cutting flights, and a cross in a shallow X pattern, with the hori20ntal line plane through the center or the loaf intersecting the plane ~hrough which the blades cross in moving from top to bottom. Adjacent 30 band or flights cut in opposite directions.
U. S. Patent No. 2,311,762 issued February 23, 1943, also shows a plural band bread slicer where th~ blades cross over and are guided so that both upward and downward flights slice the loaf.
U. S. Patent 2,551,268 issued May 1, l9Sl discloses a work support table which is adjustable 7~95 I -4~
in inclination in both directions. The table, however, is stationary and the band saw structure reciprocates to cut through the work.
U. S. Patent NoO 2 J 705,510 issued April 5, 1955, discloses a band saw movable between an upright position (Figs. 1 and 2) and a lowered cut-off position (Fig. 16).
U. S. Patent No. 2,862,231 issued December
2, 1958, discloses both circular and band cutting elements for thermal plastics. These are not toothecl, but are knife-like edged elements. The band member ~ shown in Fig. 3 cuts in an upward direction through the sheet of thermal plastic material, and functions by melting portions of the ]5 material adjacent the moving band.
U. S. Patent No. 3,884,106 issuecl May 20, 1975r discloses a cut off saw of the band type, wherein the band may be moved between an angular position and a horizontal position as shown in dotted and full lines in Fig. 1.
U. S. Patent No. 4,~31,793 issued June 28, 1977, discloses a vertically mounted toothed cutting band, having special tooth configurations, mounted to extend vertically with respect to a conveyor belt. The teeth of the band blade are bevele~ and the blade is mounted such that the cutting flight operates vertically to the conveyor, but at an angle, taken in a plane parallel to the conveyor surface, equal to the bevel angle of the teeth on the blade.
British Patent Wo. 1,209,457 relates to impeovements in the carriage of a meat saw.
U~ S. Patent No. 3,402,677 issued September 24, 1968, discloses a band saw arrangement wherein the drive is coupled to the upper wheel of the band saw, and the uppe~ and lower wheels, alon~ with the saw band, can be tilted between a vertical position shown in Fig. 1 and various slanted positions, one of which is shown in Fig. 2. Details of the mechanism to tilt the saw frame are not described, but are said to be under control of a hand wheel.
The saw band is twisted 90 by a guide as the band leaves the upper wheel, thus, the cutting edge of the band faces toward the end of the table, in a plane extendiny through the upper and lower wheels and perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the two wheels. The tilting of the band, rather, is used to accomplish bevel or angular cuts through a work piece supported on the table.
Swedish Patent No. 32908 of 1912 illus-trates a b~nd saw which is described as being usefulin the cutting of many different types of materials such as rubber, wood, bread, meat, and other things It discloses the loc:ation of a band saw blade su~h that the active ~light ~f the band ex-~0 tends at an acute angle with respect to the tablesurface of the saw. The angle illustrated appears to be in the order of 45.
French Patent No. 2,346,112 discloses a band saw for cutting logs, wherein a mGtor operated tilt control moves the entire band mechanism to an angle o approximately 60 with respect to the incoming logs in order to start the rip cut length-wise of the log. This is said to minimize the load on the blade at this time, and thus allow the blade more freely to enter the log in a straight condi-tion. Once the cut is commenced, the mechanism returns the band to the conventional vetical posi-tion, and a cut is finished in that position.
British Patent No. 12312 of 1911 discloses two forms of wood saws for ripping logs; one arrangement has multiple ganged recriprocating 7~L~5 blades and the other form discloses a band saw which can have the cutting flight located either horizont-ally or vertically. The cutting flight is located such that it proceeds at an angle to the infeed of the log r as shown in Fig. 3 of that patent, and again the angle between the active or cutting flight of the band and the path of the log appears to be in the order of 45 to 50. It is stated that the purpose of this arrangement is to allow the teeth o the blade to enter the log in an orientation where they more easily penetrate the fibers of the wood, and the pressure on the blade due to feeding force on the wood is reduced, thus prolonging blade life.
French Patent No. 1,1~7,328 discloses a multible band sanding machine wherein the table for pieces of wood is located at an inclination to the sanding band such that a component of the band motion is available for self-feeding of blocks of wood. How~ver, in this arrangement t:he bands are vertical, the table is located at an angle with respect to horiæontal, and the blocks to be sanded are fed between the sanding belts. This arrangement thus does not have any relation to the problems of controlling a large piece of meat being manipulated manually on the carriage and/or table of a meat saw.
French Patent No. 1,064,207 discloses a band saw for logs or long blocks of wood wherein the cutting flight of the band is located at an obtuse angle to the feeding motion of the piece being cut.
The arrangement is comparable to that pre~iously described in connection with U. S. Patent No.
192,~17.
German Patent No. 640,474 of 1937 discloses a band saw for cross cutting logs, wherein the logs 35 are placed on inclined supports, and roll into a feeding mechanism which carries them through a ~L~9~5 vertically arranged band blade. The motion of the logs through the blade is along an arc centered on the rotation of the feeding de~ice, and the cut pieces of the log, once past the blade and the feed-ing mechanism, roll further down the angled supportsinto an elevator mechanism which carries the pieces away. The actual motion of the logs through the band blade is essentially horizontal, with a slight rising and then falling movement resulting from the rotation of the log feeding mechanism.
The prior art, therefore, while sug~esting various arrangements for band blades, and even suggesting the use of a band blade havir,g a cutting flight which is at an acute angle with respect to the eeding direction of meat in a band saw, does not recognize the prohlems peculiar to the handlin~, manipulating, and controlling pieces of meat in such a saw. While the assistance of an an~led band is desirable to minimize the effort exerted by the operator, and thus allowing the operator to con-centrate more on guidillg the meat, such assistance must be carefu]ly applied otheLwise the operator .loses control over the piece of meat, and the assistance then becomes detrimental.
Summary of the Invèntion Irhe present invention provides an improved meat saw of the band saw type, and a method of cut-ting meat, in which the descending cutting flight of the saw blade is guided to intersect the saw table at an an~le to the table surface, rather than ex-tending perpendicularly to the table surface as in prior art saws. 'rhe angle is such that the blade teeth descend with a downward and forward component which is in the direction of the feed path of the meat. The optimum angle of the blade is in the order of 15 from vertical (75 frorn the table ~0~ s surface), with the blade inclined in the same direction as the eeding path~ This blade inclina-tion provides two important resul~s. ^
The horizontal component of force of the bladetooth movement, i.e., parallel to the table sur~ace, assis~s in feeding of the meat to and past the blade. To a degree, this provides a feeding assist, thus the operator can exert considerably less feeding force than in the past, but he main tains full contol over the large piece of meat which he must manipulate. This also enables the operator to concentrate more on proper guidance of the meat being cut.
Furthermore, the slightly inclined attitude of the saw blade, positioned directly in front of the cutter/operator, enables the operator to observe the slice of meat being severed and proceeding behind the blade as the meat is advanced, vithout the necessity of the operator turning or cocking his head to peer past the blade. The operator can stand in a normal ront facing position Eor such saws, and ]ook directly at and beyond the kerf of the cut as the operation ~rogresses.
The primary object of the invention, there~
fore, is to provide an improved method of sawing meat and to provide a band saw particularly adapted for cutting meat and the l~ike, wherein the saw blade i5 guided such that the downwardly moving cutting ~light of the blade has its teeth descending toward the saw table along a line extending at an angle in the order of 75 from the table surface, with respect to the direction in which material is fed to the blade, whereby the cutting action of the blade includes a component tending to move the meat in the direction of feed without interfering with the oper-~09~1~5 ator's control of the sawing operation; and to provide such asaw wherein the operator has a clear straight-forward field of view to the saw kerf and the slice being removed.
The above objectives of the invention are achieved, in one aspect, by providing a manually fed band saw for meat comprising 1) an endless band saw blade, 2) at least two wheels receiving said blade, 3) a motor connected to rotate one of caid wheels 4) a meat supporting surface on which meat to be cut is manipulated by an operator, 5) means mounting said wheels on opposite side of said surface in position such that the cutting flight of the said blade is guided at an angle in the order of 75 from said meat supporting surface, whereby the cutting action of said blade includes a component tending to move the meat being cut in the direction of feed.
In a further aspect the invention provides a saw particularly adapted for cutting meat:, a table with a supporting surface, a carriage mounted essentially in the plane of said table for manual movement in the feeding path along said surface, and a saw blade having a downwardly moving cutting flight with a - 20 cutting edge intersecting the feeding path at an angle in the order of 75 and thus having a component of motion in the direction of feeding which assists the manual feeding action of the operator without interfering with the operator's control over the sawing operation.
In a still further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of sawing meat with a band saw blade, comprising guiding a cutti.ng flight of the blade at an acute angle maintained at approximately 75 from a meat supporting saw table with the cutting edge of the blade facing toward the table surface and running through the table surface, and manually feeding a piece of meat repeatedly into the angular intersection of the table and the cutting edge to remove slices from the piece `~., ~
~)97~9S
as the force component of the moving cutting edge cutting on the meat along the table surface assists the operator in the feeding motion of the piece.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a meat saw constructed according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a frontal view of the saw looking from the cutter/operator's usual position;
Fig. 3 is a substantially enlarged view showing the cutting 1ight of the saw blade, a portion of the gage plate, and a portion of the carriage and the table;
Fig. 4 is a ~iew similar to Fig. 3, illustrating a piece of meat in position on the carriage and partially severed;
Fig. S is a top view of the parts shown in Fig. 4, illustrating the manner in which the meat is ~ed through the blade; and Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the various forces acting upon the meat during the sawing operation. -Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the general arrangement of a band type meat saw according to the invention is shown to include a base cabinet 10 housing a drive motor 12. A table 14 is supported on the top of the cabinet, with a horizontally re-ciprocable carriage 15 mounted at the front of the table. A
lower wheel 16 is supported in the cabinet, driven from motor 12 by a belt and pulley drive 17, and providing guidance and power to the saw band - 9a -~39~5 20. A tower type housing 22 extends upwardly ~rom the rear of cabinet 10, and includes an enclosure 23 for the upper wheel 24. The saw:blade 20 is fitted to the wheels 16 and 24, and so driven that its teeth 20a (Fig. 3) descend toward the table, moving through an opening in the table 14 adjacent to the edge of carriage 15, which in turn moves along the edge of the supporting surface of the table.
A gage plate 25 is supported extending gen-erally ver~ically from the table surface, and can beadjùsted to a variety of positions by reason of the adjustment mechanism 26, to provide a stop agai.nst which a piece of meat may be pushed over the car-riage and the adjacent surface of tne table against the gage plate, thereby to determine the thic~ness of the slice of meat cut as the piece is advanced through the path of operati.on o the saw blade 20.
Details of the foregoing are contained in U. S.
Patent No. 2,585,957.
Special blades are ava:ilable for meat saws, and these are ~enerally charac:terized by having a somewhat undercut tooth and oft:en having or~ly three to four teetll per inch (1 to 1.5 per cm.) as distin-guished from wood cutting blades having eight to sixteen teeth per inch (3 to 6.3 per cm.) and from metal cutting blades 'naving sixteen to thirty-two teeth per inch (6.3 to 12.6 per cm.). Also for cut-ting some boneless meats a double-beveled knife band may be use~, or for soft-boned materials such as chicken a scalloped bevel edged blade may be used.
For fresh cooled (38F or 2.5C) meat such as loins of beef or pork, a blade having four teet'n per inch is usually recommended.
In accordance with the invention, the saw blade is supported such that its descending or cut-ting flight operates at an angle with respect to the ~L~3~ 5 table surface, as distinguished from being generally perpendicularly positioned with respect to the table in prior art saws. Thus, the saw teeth 20a descend along a line which has a small but significant com-ponent in the direction in which material is fed tothe blade, that direction being from right to left as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2. The angle is apparent in detail from Figs. 3 and ~, where a seg~ent of the blade, and SegMentS of the carriage and gage plate are shown substantially enlarged. In Fig. ~ th blade is shown partially passed through a piece of meat 30, the direction of motion of the carriage ; being indicated by the arrow 32.
Thus, the meat cutter/operator places a relatively large piece of meat, such as a loin of beef or pork, on the carriage lS, moving the car-riage to its position farthest to the right. The piece is then pushed against t'ne gage plate 25 which has been set to the desired thickness of cut. The operator moves the carriage, holding the piece of meat firmly thereon and against the gage plate, from right to left, eeding the piece through the path o the saw blade, and thus cut~ing the desired slice from the piece. This operation is illustrated in 25 Fig. 5. A slice 33 is shown in the process of being severed from the piece of meat 30.
The various forces acting on the piece of meat are illustrated in Fig. 6, wherein the force in the path of the blade is indicated by the arrow ~B~ and the angular displacement of the saw blade from the vertical is indicated by the angle ~O The quantities represented in Fig. 6 are defined as follows:
~ = Angle that the blade makes with a perpendicular to the table surface FB= Force exerted on the product being ~7~5 cut by the blade R = The resistive force developed in cutting r opposite` the direction of : product travel on the product being cut P - The force exerted by the operator to accomplish the cutting operation Ff= Frictional resistance to motion of the product being cut tincludes sliding fricti.on on stationary table and gage plate, and the rolling resistance of movable carriage) FT Force exerted upward on the product by the table on which it rests Fg= Gravitation force (weight of the product) If the product or piece is Eed at constant velocity, then ~FX = = R + Ff - FB sin ~- P
If ~ = O as in a prior art saw, the feeding ~orce P
required from the operator is merely the sum o R
an~ Ff. IIowever, as the value o~ ~ is increased, the force P required to satisfy the force balance ; equation becomes smaller. The effect is similar to a power assisted feed.
Thus, as the piece of meat is advanced repeatedly through the saw blade path, there is a component of the cutting force of tlle blade acting to move the piece oE meat as it is being fed, but feeding remains fully under control of the operator who can stop feeding the piece at any time, merely by no longer exerting the small force P. The actual feel of the cutting action is such that the operator can sense the substantial decrease (from normal) in the amount of force he must exert to move the meat past the blade. It has been found that the amount ~ 7~5 of this assist and the amount of control required of the operator to assure an even cut, is achieved with the angle ~ being in the order of 15. ~tated another way, the cutting flight of the blade 20 is located at an angle ~ to the table surface in the order of 75. Tests have indicated that this inclination may be varied only a slight amount in either direction while still achieving desired re-sults. The optimum angle or operator ease, comfort and u~ility has been determined to be in the order of 75 blade inclination from the table surface, and a greater inclination of the blade is uncom~ort-able to the operator, as he begins to feel that he is losing control of manipulation oE the meat, e. g.
he is losing the abilitir to place the cut exactly where he wants it to be.
Referring to Fig. ~, it will be noted that as the operator faces the side oE the blade 20 and manually feeds a piece of meat 30, his field oE view is directly over the kerf 34 being produced by the saw, with the saw blade descen~3ing at an angle frorn right to le~t in his view. This enables the opera-tor to see fully the slice 33 as i~ proceeds during the cut without turning or cocking his head as has been the custom in the past. The bottom of the slice is resting upon the table surface, sliding thereover, whereas the remainder oE the piece oE
meat 30 is resting on the moving carriage 15. The slice is passing between the blade 20 and the gage plate 25 as the cut progresses, however, the support given by the gage plate to the slice will decrease progressively as the end oE the cut comes nearer.
The slice, in effect, is standing alone, on its edge as the latter part of the cut is made, and if the meat is not fro~en, the slice may tend to be rather 1exible, and may fall away from the remaining piece.
~1197~iL9S
To achieve uniform, "untailed" cutting of meat which is not ~ro~en using a prior art saw, the operator must witll his left hand support and pull the slice past the blade from right to left while pushing the larger uncut piece of meat with his right hand in the same direction. When using the saw of this application, the pushing force exerted by the operator with his right hand on the larger uncut piece of meat is substantially reduced. Also, as a result oE the favorable force situation p-o-duced b~ the inclined blade acting on the meat, the operator is not required to support or pull the slice past the blade to achieve a uniform, "untailed" cut. This is so whether the saw is pro-vided with a rolling carriage, or merely utilizes a~ixed table surEace over which the product slides.
The meat or product being cut may be cooled, fresh or ~rozen pieces of meat, which con-tain fat, bone, and gristle as well as the lean meat. Thus, the resistance to Eeeding of such materials through the saw blade may vary according to the type and condition of the meat, as each cut progresses. The differences may be more noticeable with fresh meat than with fro~en blocks. The ease of feed and control over tne piece which are pro-vided to the operator by the invention make the cutting job much less tiring, and a uniformly sliced product more easily produced. The operator is able to produce uniform slices down to the very end of the piece, maintaining good control. The result is a more comfortable operation, less tiring and easier feed for the operator, allowing him to concentrate upon control of tlle piece and the slices, and avoid-ing dangerous proximity to the blade.
While the method and the form of apparatus herein described constitutes a preferred embodiment of this invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise method and form of apparatus, and that changes may be made therein without departin~ from the scope of the invention.
U. S. Patent No. 3,884,106 issuecl May 20, 1975r discloses a cut off saw of the band type, wherein the band may be moved between an angular position and a horizontal position as shown in dotted and full lines in Fig. 1.
U. S. Patent No. 4,~31,793 issued June 28, 1977, discloses a vertically mounted toothed cutting band, having special tooth configurations, mounted to extend vertically with respect to a conveyor belt. The teeth of the band blade are bevele~ and the blade is mounted such that the cutting flight operates vertically to the conveyor, but at an angle, taken in a plane parallel to the conveyor surface, equal to the bevel angle of the teeth on the blade.
British Patent Wo. 1,209,457 relates to impeovements in the carriage of a meat saw.
U~ S. Patent No. 3,402,677 issued September 24, 1968, discloses a band saw arrangement wherein the drive is coupled to the upper wheel of the band saw, and the uppe~ and lower wheels, alon~ with the saw band, can be tilted between a vertical position shown in Fig. 1 and various slanted positions, one of which is shown in Fig. 2. Details of the mechanism to tilt the saw frame are not described, but are said to be under control of a hand wheel.
The saw band is twisted 90 by a guide as the band leaves the upper wheel, thus, the cutting edge of the band faces toward the end of the table, in a plane extendiny through the upper and lower wheels and perpendicular to the axes of rotation of the two wheels. The tilting of the band, rather, is used to accomplish bevel or angular cuts through a work piece supported on the table.
Swedish Patent No. 32908 of 1912 illus-trates a b~nd saw which is described as being usefulin the cutting of many different types of materials such as rubber, wood, bread, meat, and other things It discloses the loc:ation of a band saw blade su~h that the active ~light ~f the band ex-~0 tends at an acute angle with respect to the tablesurface of the saw. The angle illustrated appears to be in the order of 45.
French Patent No. 2,346,112 discloses a band saw for cutting logs, wherein a mGtor operated tilt control moves the entire band mechanism to an angle o approximately 60 with respect to the incoming logs in order to start the rip cut length-wise of the log. This is said to minimize the load on the blade at this time, and thus allow the blade more freely to enter the log in a straight condi-tion. Once the cut is commenced, the mechanism returns the band to the conventional vetical posi-tion, and a cut is finished in that position.
British Patent No. 12312 of 1911 discloses two forms of wood saws for ripping logs; one arrangement has multiple ganged recriprocating 7~L~5 blades and the other form discloses a band saw which can have the cutting flight located either horizont-ally or vertically. The cutting flight is located such that it proceeds at an angle to the infeed of the log r as shown in Fig. 3 of that patent, and again the angle between the active or cutting flight of the band and the path of the log appears to be in the order of 45 to 50. It is stated that the purpose of this arrangement is to allow the teeth o the blade to enter the log in an orientation where they more easily penetrate the fibers of the wood, and the pressure on the blade due to feeding force on the wood is reduced, thus prolonging blade life.
French Patent No. 1,1~7,328 discloses a multible band sanding machine wherein the table for pieces of wood is located at an inclination to the sanding band such that a component of the band motion is available for self-feeding of blocks of wood. How~ver, in this arrangement t:he bands are vertical, the table is located at an angle with respect to horiæontal, and the blocks to be sanded are fed between the sanding belts. This arrangement thus does not have any relation to the problems of controlling a large piece of meat being manipulated manually on the carriage and/or table of a meat saw.
French Patent No. 1,064,207 discloses a band saw for logs or long blocks of wood wherein the cutting flight of the band is located at an obtuse angle to the feeding motion of the piece being cut.
The arrangement is comparable to that pre~iously described in connection with U. S. Patent No.
192,~17.
German Patent No. 640,474 of 1937 discloses a band saw for cross cutting logs, wherein the logs 35 are placed on inclined supports, and roll into a feeding mechanism which carries them through a ~L~9~5 vertically arranged band blade. The motion of the logs through the blade is along an arc centered on the rotation of the feeding de~ice, and the cut pieces of the log, once past the blade and the feed-ing mechanism, roll further down the angled supportsinto an elevator mechanism which carries the pieces away. The actual motion of the logs through the band blade is essentially horizontal, with a slight rising and then falling movement resulting from the rotation of the log feeding mechanism.
The prior art, therefore, while sug~esting various arrangements for band blades, and even suggesting the use of a band blade havir,g a cutting flight which is at an acute angle with respect to the eeding direction of meat in a band saw, does not recognize the prohlems peculiar to the handlin~, manipulating, and controlling pieces of meat in such a saw. While the assistance of an an~led band is desirable to minimize the effort exerted by the operator, and thus allowing the operator to con-centrate more on guidillg the meat, such assistance must be carefu]ly applied otheLwise the operator .loses control over the piece of meat, and the assistance then becomes detrimental.
Summary of the Invèntion Irhe present invention provides an improved meat saw of the band saw type, and a method of cut-ting meat, in which the descending cutting flight of the saw blade is guided to intersect the saw table at an an~le to the table surface, rather than ex-tending perpendicularly to the table surface as in prior art saws. 'rhe angle is such that the blade teeth descend with a downward and forward component which is in the direction of the feed path of the meat. The optimum angle of the blade is in the order of 15 from vertical (75 frorn the table ~0~ s surface), with the blade inclined in the same direction as the eeding path~ This blade inclina-tion provides two important resul~s. ^
The horizontal component of force of the bladetooth movement, i.e., parallel to the table sur~ace, assis~s in feeding of the meat to and past the blade. To a degree, this provides a feeding assist, thus the operator can exert considerably less feeding force than in the past, but he main tains full contol over the large piece of meat which he must manipulate. This also enables the operator to concentrate more on proper guidance of the meat being cut.
Furthermore, the slightly inclined attitude of the saw blade, positioned directly in front of the cutter/operator, enables the operator to observe the slice of meat being severed and proceeding behind the blade as the meat is advanced, vithout the necessity of the operator turning or cocking his head to peer past the blade. The operator can stand in a normal ront facing position Eor such saws, and ]ook directly at and beyond the kerf of the cut as the operation ~rogresses.
The primary object of the invention, there~
fore, is to provide an improved method of sawing meat and to provide a band saw particularly adapted for cutting meat and the l~ike, wherein the saw blade i5 guided such that the downwardly moving cutting ~light of the blade has its teeth descending toward the saw table along a line extending at an angle in the order of 75 from the table surface, with respect to the direction in which material is fed to the blade, whereby the cutting action of the blade includes a component tending to move the meat in the direction of feed without interfering with the oper-~09~1~5 ator's control of the sawing operation; and to provide such asaw wherein the operator has a clear straight-forward field of view to the saw kerf and the slice being removed.
The above objectives of the invention are achieved, in one aspect, by providing a manually fed band saw for meat comprising 1) an endless band saw blade, 2) at least two wheels receiving said blade, 3) a motor connected to rotate one of caid wheels 4) a meat supporting surface on which meat to be cut is manipulated by an operator, 5) means mounting said wheels on opposite side of said surface in position such that the cutting flight of the said blade is guided at an angle in the order of 75 from said meat supporting surface, whereby the cutting action of said blade includes a component tending to move the meat being cut in the direction of feed.
In a further aspect the invention provides a saw particularly adapted for cutting meat:, a table with a supporting surface, a carriage mounted essentially in the plane of said table for manual movement in the feeding path along said surface, and a saw blade having a downwardly moving cutting flight with a - 20 cutting edge intersecting the feeding path at an angle in the order of 75 and thus having a component of motion in the direction of feeding which assists the manual feeding action of the operator without interfering with the operator's control over the sawing operation.
In a still further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of sawing meat with a band saw blade, comprising guiding a cutti.ng flight of the blade at an acute angle maintained at approximately 75 from a meat supporting saw table with the cutting edge of the blade facing toward the table surface and running through the table surface, and manually feeding a piece of meat repeatedly into the angular intersection of the table and the cutting edge to remove slices from the piece `~., ~
~)97~9S
as the force component of the moving cutting edge cutting on the meat along the table surface assists the operator in the feeding motion of the piece.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a meat saw constructed according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is a frontal view of the saw looking from the cutter/operator's usual position;
Fig. 3 is a substantially enlarged view showing the cutting 1ight of the saw blade, a portion of the gage plate, and a portion of the carriage and the table;
Fig. 4 is a ~iew similar to Fig. 3, illustrating a piece of meat in position on the carriage and partially severed;
Fig. S is a top view of the parts shown in Fig. 4, illustrating the manner in which the meat is ~ed through the blade; and Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating the various forces acting upon the meat during the sawing operation. -Description of the Preferred Embodiment Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, the general arrangement of a band type meat saw according to the invention is shown to include a base cabinet 10 housing a drive motor 12. A table 14 is supported on the top of the cabinet, with a horizontally re-ciprocable carriage 15 mounted at the front of the table. A
lower wheel 16 is supported in the cabinet, driven from motor 12 by a belt and pulley drive 17, and providing guidance and power to the saw band - 9a -~39~5 20. A tower type housing 22 extends upwardly ~rom the rear of cabinet 10, and includes an enclosure 23 for the upper wheel 24. The saw:blade 20 is fitted to the wheels 16 and 24, and so driven that its teeth 20a (Fig. 3) descend toward the table, moving through an opening in the table 14 adjacent to the edge of carriage 15, which in turn moves along the edge of the supporting surface of the table.
A gage plate 25 is supported extending gen-erally ver~ically from the table surface, and can beadjùsted to a variety of positions by reason of the adjustment mechanism 26, to provide a stop agai.nst which a piece of meat may be pushed over the car-riage and the adjacent surface of tne table against the gage plate, thereby to determine the thic~ness of the slice of meat cut as the piece is advanced through the path of operati.on o the saw blade 20.
Details of the foregoing are contained in U. S.
Patent No. 2,585,957.
Special blades are ava:ilable for meat saws, and these are ~enerally charac:terized by having a somewhat undercut tooth and oft:en having or~ly three to four teetll per inch (1 to 1.5 per cm.) as distin-guished from wood cutting blades having eight to sixteen teeth per inch (3 to 6.3 per cm.) and from metal cutting blades 'naving sixteen to thirty-two teeth per inch (6.3 to 12.6 per cm.). Also for cut-ting some boneless meats a double-beveled knife band may be use~, or for soft-boned materials such as chicken a scalloped bevel edged blade may be used.
For fresh cooled (38F or 2.5C) meat such as loins of beef or pork, a blade having four teet'n per inch is usually recommended.
In accordance with the invention, the saw blade is supported such that its descending or cut-ting flight operates at an angle with respect to the ~L~3~ 5 table surface, as distinguished from being generally perpendicularly positioned with respect to the table in prior art saws. Thus, the saw teeth 20a descend along a line which has a small but significant com-ponent in the direction in which material is fed tothe blade, that direction being from right to left as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2. The angle is apparent in detail from Figs. 3 and ~, where a seg~ent of the blade, and SegMentS of the carriage and gage plate are shown substantially enlarged. In Fig. ~ th blade is shown partially passed through a piece of meat 30, the direction of motion of the carriage ; being indicated by the arrow 32.
Thus, the meat cutter/operator places a relatively large piece of meat, such as a loin of beef or pork, on the carriage lS, moving the car-riage to its position farthest to the right. The piece is then pushed against t'ne gage plate 25 which has been set to the desired thickness of cut. The operator moves the carriage, holding the piece of meat firmly thereon and against the gage plate, from right to left, eeding the piece through the path o the saw blade, and thus cut~ing the desired slice from the piece. This operation is illustrated in 25 Fig. 5. A slice 33 is shown in the process of being severed from the piece of meat 30.
The various forces acting on the piece of meat are illustrated in Fig. 6, wherein the force in the path of the blade is indicated by the arrow ~B~ and the angular displacement of the saw blade from the vertical is indicated by the angle ~O The quantities represented in Fig. 6 are defined as follows:
~ = Angle that the blade makes with a perpendicular to the table surface FB= Force exerted on the product being ~7~5 cut by the blade R = The resistive force developed in cutting r opposite` the direction of : product travel on the product being cut P - The force exerted by the operator to accomplish the cutting operation Ff= Frictional resistance to motion of the product being cut tincludes sliding fricti.on on stationary table and gage plate, and the rolling resistance of movable carriage) FT Force exerted upward on the product by the table on which it rests Fg= Gravitation force (weight of the product) If the product or piece is Eed at constant velocity, then ~FX = = R + Ff - FB sin ~- P
If ~ = O as in a prior art saw, the feeding ~orce P
required from the operator is merely the sum o R
an~ Ff. IIowever, as the value o~ ~ is increased, the force P required to satisfy the force balance ; equation becomes smaller. The effect is similar to a power assisted feed.
Thus, as the piece of meat is advanced repeatedly through the saw blade path, there is a component of the cutting force of tlle blade acting to move the piece oE meat as it is being fed, but feeding remains fully under control of the operator who can stop feeding the piece at any time, merely by no longer exerting the small force P. The actual feel of the cutting action is such that the operator can sense the substantial decrease (from normal) in the amount of force he must exert to move the meat past the blade. It has been found that the amount ~ 7~5 of this assist and the amount of control required of the operator to assure an even cut, is achieved with the angle ~ being in the order of 15. ~tated another way, the cutting flight of the blade 20 is located at an angle ~ to the table surface in the order of 75. Tests have indicated that this inclination may be varied only a slight amount in either direction while still achieving desired re-sults. The optimum angle or operator ease, comfort and u~ility has been determined to be in the order of 75 blade inclination from the table surface, and a greater inclination of the blade is uncom~ort-able to the operator, as he begins to feel that he is losing control of manipulation oE the meat, e. g.
he is losing the abilitir to place the cut exactly where he wants it to be.
Referring to Fig. ~, it will be noted that as the operator faces the side oE the blade 20 and manually feeds a piece of meat 30, his field oE view is directly over the kerf 34 being produced by the saw, with the saw blade descen~3ing at an angle frorn right to le~t in his view. This enables the opera-tor to see fully the slice 33 as i~ proceeds during the cut without turning or cocking his head as has been the custom in the past. The bottom of the slice is resting upon the table surface, sliding thereover, whereas the remainder oE the piece oE
meat 30 is resting on the moving carriage 15. The slice is passing between the blade 20 and the gage plate 25 as the cut progresses, however, the support given by the gage plate to the slice will decrease progressively as the end oE the cut comes nearer.
The slice, in effect, is standing alone, on its edge as the latter part of the cut is made, and if the meat is not fro~en, the slice may tend to be rather 1exible, and may fall away from the remaining piece.
~1197~iL9S
To achieve uniform, "untailed" cutting of meat which is not ~ro~en using a prior art saw, the operator must witll his left hand support and pull the slice past the blade from right to left while pushing the larger uncut piece of meat with his right hand in the same direction. When using the saw of this application, the pushing force exerted by the operator with his right hand on the larger uncut piece of meat is substantially reduced. Also, as a result oE the favorable force situation p-o-duced b~ the inclined blade acting on the meat, the operator is not required to support or pull the slice past the blade to achieve a uniform, "untailed" cut. This is so whether the saw is pro-vided with a rolling carriage, or merely utilizes a~ixed table surEace over which the product slides.
The meat or product being cut may be cooled, fresh or ~rozen pieces of meat, which con-tain fat, bone, and gristle as well as the lean meat. Thus, the resistance to Eeeding of such materials through the saw blade may vary according to the type and condition of the meat, as each cut progresses. The differences may be more noticeable with fresh meat than with fro~en blocks. The ease of feed and control over tne piece which are pro-vided to the operator by the invention make the cutting job much less tiring, and a uniformly sliced product more easily produced. The operator is able to produce uniform slices down to the very end of the piece, maintaining good control. The result is a more comfortable operation, less tiring and easier feed for the operator, allowing him to concentrate upon control of tlle piece and the slices, and avoid-ing dangerous proximity to the blade.
While the method and the form of apparatus herein described constitutes a preferred embodiment of this invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise method and form of apparatus, and that changes may be made therein without departin~ from the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A manually fed band saw for meat comprising 1) an endless band saw blade, 2) at least two wheels receiving said blade, 3) a motor connected to rotate one of said wheels 4) a meat supporting surface on which meat to be cut is manipulated by an operator, 5) means mounting said wheels on opposite side of said surface in position such that the cutting flight of the said blade is guided at an angle in the order of 75° from said meat supporting surface, whereby the cutting action of said blade includes a component tending to move the meat being cut in the direction of feed.
2. A saw particularly adapted for cutting meat, a table with a supporting surface, a carriage mounted essentially in the plane of said table for manual movement in the feeding path along said surface, and a saw blade having a downwardly moving cutting flight with a cutting edge intersecting the feeding path at an angle in the order of 75° and thus having a component of motion in the direction of feeding which assists the manual feeding action of the operator without interfering with the operator's control over the sawing operation.
3. A method of sawing meat with a band saw blade, comprising guiding a cutting flight of the blade at an acute angle maintained at approximately 75° from a meat supporting saw table with the cutting edge of the blade facing toward the table surface and running through the table surface, and manually feeding a piece of meat repeatedly into the angular intersection of the table and the cutting edge to remove slices from the piece as the force component of the moving cutting edge acting on the meat along the table surface assists the operator in the feeding motion of the piece.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US93548678A | 1978-08-21 | 1978-08-21 | |
| US935,486 | 1978-08-21 | ||
| US6565979A | 1979-08-10 | 1979-08-10 | |
| US065,659 | 1979-08-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1097195A true CA1097195A (en) | 1981-03-10 |
Family
ID=26745833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA334,007A Expired CA1097195A (en) | 1978-08-21 | 1979-08-17 | Band saw for meat |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU526384B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1097195A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2933624A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2438532A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2031336B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5088363A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1992-02-18 | Aaron U. Jones | Method and apparatus for an automatic sawmill |
| SE9402981D0 (en) * | 1994-09-07 | 1994-09-07 | Ftc Sweden | Trimming and slicing device |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2201413A (en) * | 1938-12-10 | 1940-05-21 | William B Turner | Angle cutting multiple band saw |
| US2585957A (en) * | 1946-02-20 | 1952-02-19 | Hobart Mfg Co | Meat saw with cleaning and scrap collecting apparatus |
-
1979
- 1979-08-17 CA CA334,007A patent/CA1097195A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-08-20 DE DE19792933624 patent/DE2933624A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-08-20 FR FR7921007A patent/FR2438532A1/en active Granted
- 1979-08-21 AU AU50130/79A patent/AU526384B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1979-08-21 GB GB7929010A patent/GB2031336B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2031336A (en) | 1980-04-23 |
| FR2438532B1 (en) | 1984-06-15 |
| AU526384B2 (en) | 1983-01-06 |
| FR2438532A1 (en) | 1980-05-09 |
| AU5013079A (en) | 1980-02-28 |
| DE2933624A1 (en) | 1980-03-06 |
| GB2031336B (en) | 1982-06-16 |
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