CA1097193A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing reinforced wood product - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for manufacturing reinforced wood productInfo
- Publication number
- CA1097193A CA1097193A CA265,281A CA265281A CA1097193A CA 1097193 A CA1097193 A CA 1097193A CA 265281 A CA265281 A CA 265281A CA 1097193 A CA1097193 A CA 1097193A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- grid
- log
- wood
- blades
- cutting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
- B27M3/0013—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles
- B27M3/0026—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally
- B27M3/0053—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of composite or compound articles characterised by oblong elements connected laterally using glue
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27L—REMOVING BARK OR VESTIGES OF BRANCHES; SPLITTING WOOD; MANUFACTURE OF VENEER, WOODEN STICKS, WOOD SHAVINGS, WOOD FIBRES OR WOOD POWDER
- B27L7/00—Arrangements for splitting wood
- B27L7/06—Arrangements for splitting wood using wedges, knives or spreaders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
- B27M1/00—Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention is directed to a method of extruding from uncured debarked or unpeeled logs a plurality of wood strips which can be subsequently pressed and glued together to form a laminated wood product. The method of extruding the uncured unpeeled logs into a plurality of wood strips comprises extruding an uncured log in a direction along the grain of the log through a parallelogram -shaped and preferably rectangular grid of intersecting cutting blades which form a series of correspondingly parallelogram-shaped apertures at a pressure sufficient to force the uncured log through the apertures, thereby extruding the log into a plurality of wood strips of generally parallelogram-shaped cross section. The apparatus for extruding the logs into a plurality of wood strips comprises an elongated frame, an end plate positioned at one end of the elongated frame, at least one hydraulic ram which is located at the end of the frame opposite the end plate and extends parallel with the elongated frame in the direction of the end plate, and a parallelogram-shaped grid of intersecting cutting blades secured to the end of the hydraulic ram that extends in the direction of the end plate.
This invention is directed to a method of extruding from uncured debarked or unpeeled logs a plurality of wood strips which can be subsequently pressed and glued together to form a laminated wood product. The method of extruding the uncured unpeeled logs into a plurality of wood strips comprises extruding an uncured log in a direction along the grain of the log through a parallelogram -shaped and preferably rectangular grid of intersecting cutting blades which form a series of correspondingly parallelogram-shaped apertures at a pressure sufficient to force the uncured log through the apertures, thereby extruding the log into a plurality of wood strips of generally parallelogram-shaped cross section. The apparatus for extruding the logs into a plurality of wood strips comprises an elongated frame, an end plate positioned at one end of the elongated frame, at least one hydraulic ram which is located at the end of the frame opposite the end plate and extends parallel with the elongated frame in the direction of the end plate, and a parallelogram-shaped grid of intersecting cutting blades secured to the end of the hydraulic ram that extends in the direction of the end plate.
Description
~197 lL93 This invention is directed to a method and apparatus for producing a reinforced laminated wood product. More particularly, this invention is directed to a method of extruding from peeled logs a plurality of wood strips which are subsequently pressed and glued together to produce a laminated wood product.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known that common wood products in the form of lumber, and other materials used in construct-ing building such as houses, and the like, are not absolutely dimensionally stable, and shrink and expand with changes in humidity. Moreover, the wood products tend to warp and distort with fluctuations in humidity and temperature.
Lumber is ordinarily dried in a stleam kiln, but even with such processing, the lumber still tends to warp and experience changes in dimension with time. These difficulties, in many cases, can cause distortion of the floors, walls and ceilings of the building resulting in the cracking of plaster or wall facings, which is unsightly, and weakens the strength of the structure.
Another fault with well known wood products is that wood is not a consistent product and may have a variable number of knots, and grain imperfections, which reduce the strength of the lumber. Generally speaking, trees suitable for rendering into lumber products usually must be of considerable maturity in order to provide reasonably good even grain direction, and a low number of knots.
With the passage of time, and the increasing use of wood products throughout the world, mature stands of trees are becoming less plentiful.
97~L93 Building a home from wood products has a perennialproblem in that constructing the home is labor intensive.
The services of professional carpenters must be utilized in laying the joists, subfloor and floors of a normally constructed home, using nails or other fastening methods such as screws, well known in the home construction field.
As a result, there is a very high percentage of labour costs involved in erecting a house.
The disadvantages of normal lumber products have been known for many years, and many lumber substitutes, such as plywood, ahip board, particle board, ancl the like, have been developed. ~lowever, most of these products are very expensive, or are inferior to lumber in their performance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I have invented a laminated wood product which provides a good substitute for lumber. In producing -the wood substitute, I have discovered that debarked raw wood (wood that has recently been cut and still has a relatively high sap content) can be extruded in the direction of the grain through a parallelogram-shaped (and preferably rectangular) grid work of cutting blades to form a plurality of small wood strips of generally parallelogram-shaped cross section of any specified length. Moreover, I have found that various types of wood which are not now normally used in the construction business, such as aspenite (poplar) spruce and birch can be used in my invention. These types of wood are in plentiful supply and relatively inexpensive because they are not in demand as construction materials.
My method consists of passing or extruding under high pressure in the direction of the grain a debarked ~971~
or peeled log of aspenite, or other suitable wood, through a parallelogram-shaped grid work of cutting blades, whereby the log is formed into a plurality of wood strips of generally parallelogram-shaped cross section. The extrusion process is assisted if the wood strips emerging from the grid work are firmly held and pulled with a force that is approximately equal to the force being applied on the log to force it through the grid work. Moreover, raw wood which has a lower sap content can be extruded in my processs more readily than a log with a high sap content.
Generally, the wood strips that are obtained are of more or less the same length as the log which is used to extrude the wood strips. I then take the extruded wood strips and cure them at a temperature of about 200F.
for about two hours, which is considerably less time than is ordinarily used to cure lumber. During this process, the strips become twisted and somewhat resemble spaghetti or noodles. ~owever, this twisting presents no problem because the strips can be easily straightened out using a~press.
Preparatoryto extrusion, the logs should be debarked or peeled. Otherwise, the bark tends to collect as a thick tight mat on the grid work and greatly reduces the efficiency of the extrusion process.
The strips, if o~ square cross section, can be grouped together so that there are sets of the strips passing in generally the same direction. The strips are coated with glue and then glued together under pressure using a suitable glue such as epoxy, urea formaldehyde or phenol formaldehyde. Epoxy 9,3 and phenol formaldehyde glues are preferred if the wood product is destined for ultimate use outdoors. Of the two, epoxy type glues appear to have better characteristics.
A strong laminated product can be found by having sets of the wood strips in each layer extend in alternating directions.
I have found that my laminated wood product can be produced in virtually any required length or width.
~y process also has the advantage in that not more than about 10 percent of the original log that is extruded into the strips is discarded. This is a substantial reduction over ordinary techniques for producing lumber where when a log is sawn into planks, and the like, generally about 33 percent of the log is lost and must be used in scrap wood applications such as chip board and the like.
Another advantage of my product is that less glue is required than in other substitute wood products such as particle board and chip board. In common chip board, the glue content usually ranges from 40 to 60 percent.
On the other hand, in my extruded wood strip product, the glue content is usually in the range of 30 to 35 percent of the finished product.
A further advantage of my process is that when the peeled log is extruded through the blade grid, all knots in the wood of significant size are either cut into small pieces, or are popped out of the wood. Subsequently, when the wood strips are cured, the cut knots, unless they are very small, separate themselves from the wood strips. Accordingly, the wood strips do not normally contain any knots, which would contribute to weakness -~
in the finished laminated wood product.
1(~9~193 A well known problem with common chip board is that because of its high glue content, usually urea formaldehyde, screws and nails are not held securely by the chip board. The nails or screws with time tend to work free from the chip board. Because my laminated product has a reduced proportion of glue, the nail and screw holding characteristics of my product are much higher than with common chip board.
After the extrusion step, the wood strips are sorted, cleared of knots, and joined into long lengths.
They are then kiln dried, as mentioned previously, at a temperature of about 200F. for about two hours. These curing conditions are usually sufficient to reduce the moisture content of the wood strips below about 12 percent.
Once the strips have been cured, tlley are removed and placed in parallel rows of four or more, following which glue in the form of epoxy or phenoL or urea formaldehyde is applied. The group of strips coated with glue are then pressed together under high pressure. In this way, wood modules made up of my laminated wood strips can be produced.
Normally, I prefer to form the wood strips into flat modules, which can be directly substituted for lumber.
In other words, thick planks or plates of wood are produced.
However, the plurality of wood strips can be pressed and glued together to form round logs, or fliches. Both of these latter items can be peeled by ordinary plywood manu-facturing techniques for use in the production of plywood.
The elongated wood strips of my invention can also be glued and pressed in a suitable press to form laminated floor panels, which have reinforcing floor joists .. . . . .
1~97193 Integrally molded underneath the panels as part of the floor-type panel. Floors in homes made from such floor panels do not require reinforcing or floor joists, as is now the case with conventional lumber and plywood products and conventional house erecting techniques.
Finally, my process can also be used for woods which are considerably harder than aspenite and birch, for example, oak. Prior to extrusion, the oak log is boiled in order to soften it sufficiently for extrusion through the blade grid work.
The method of extruding logs into a plurality ;~
of wood strips comprises extruding a peeled uncured log in a direction along the grain of the log ~hrough a reinforced parallelogram-shaped and preferably rectangular grid of ~;~
intersecting cutting blades which form a series of apertures. ;
The pressure of extrusion must be sufficient to force the log through the apertures, thereby extruding the log into a plurality of wood strips. The extrusion process proceeds more easily if the wood strips emerging from the apertures ~n are firmly held and pulled with a force that is approximately equal to the force being applied to the log to force it ;
through the apertures. The apertures formed by the intersecting cutting blades can be square in shape. Moreover, the leading cutting edges of the cutting blades can be nonlinear. The cutting blades can be reinforced by primary and secondary support grids.
An uncured log can be extruded through the grid of intersecting cutting blades by means of one or more hydraulic ~;
,: .
rams which force the blades through the length of the log.
The moisture content of the wood may be reduced to below about 12%, by kiln drying the strips at a temperature of about 200F for about two hours for example, and the strips ~r~
~ - 7 -':
. .
1~97~9~
can be pressed together to form a wood module, which may be bonded together to form laminated wood products. The glue can be selected from epoxy, urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, or any other suitable wood glue.
The apparatus for extruding the uncured peeled logs into a plurality of wood strips can comprise an elongated frame, an end plate positioned at one end of the elongated frame, at least one hydraulic ram which is located at the end of the frame opposite the end plate and extends parallel with the elongatecl frame in the direction of the end plate, and a reinforced parallelogram-shaped grid of intersecting cutting blades secured to the end of the hydraulic ram that extends in the direction of the end plate.
The frame can include at least two parallel tracks that extend in the direction of and meet with the end plate, and the grid o the intersecting cutting blades can travel on the two tracks. The intersecting blades of the grid can be positioned to form square shaped apertures between the blades. The grid of cutting blades can be reinforced by primary and secondary support grids positioned on the side of the cutting blade removed from the end plate.
The primary and secondary support grids can have a plurality of intersecting vertical and horizontal supports which align with the intersecting blades of the cutting grid. The primary support grid can have a bewer number of vertical and horizontal supports than the respective number of blades of the cutting grid, and the secondary support grid can have a few number of vertical and horizontal ` 30 supports than the primary support grid.
~al97~91;~
DRAWINGS
In the Drawings:
FIGURE 1 illustrates an overhead view of the apparatus used to extrude the logs into elongated wood strips.
FIGURE 2 represents an exploded view of the grid work of cutting blades and primary and secondary support grids.
FIGURE 3 shows a front view of a cutting grid.
FIGURE 4 shows a front view of a primary support grid.
FIGURE 5 shows a front view of a secondary support grid.
FIGURE 6 shows sections of vertical and horizontal cutting blades.
FIGURE 7 shows a perspective view of ~ section of the cutting grid with vertical and horizontal cutting blades fitted together.
FIGURE 8 shows a perspective view of a laminated wood strip product.
FIGURE 9 shows a perspective view of a laminated .,~
wood strip product with integral underlying supporting joists.
'`
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, the basic extruder 1 used for extruding a peeled raw log 8, of aspenite, birch, spruce or the like, into a plurality of`elongated wood strips 1OJ is equipped with two parallel tracks 2. The log 8 is placed so that it rests between and in a longitudinal ~(197~93 direction parallel with the two tracks 2. An end plate 3 is located at one end of the two parallel tracks 2, and is securely fastened to the two tracks 2. Mounted above and within the boundaries established by the two parallel tracks 2, at the end opposite the end plate 3, are two hydraulic rams 4 which telescope in a direction parallel with the pair of tracks 2 and toward the log 8. These two hydraulic rams 4 are connected to a grid system which is made up of a cutting grid 5p a primary support grid 6, and a secondary support grid 7. The cutting grid 5 is mounted so that it faces and contacts the log 8 in advance of the primary and secondary support grids 6 and 7.
The cutting grid 5, with its primary and secondary supporting grids 6 and 7, is forced against the end of the log 8 that is opposite end plate 3, by applying hydraulic pressure to the pair of hydraulic rams 4. In this way, the log 8 is extruded along its grain into a plurality of elongated wood strips 10. The pair of telescoping hydraulic rams 4 have sufficient extension that the cutting grid 5, can pass the entire length of the log 8, until it contacts end plate 3. End plate 3 is reinforced by end plate reinforcing 9 to withstand the very high pressures - involved. The peeled log extrusion process is assisted if the wood strips 10 emerging from the grid 5 are firmly held and pulled with a force that is equal approximately to the force being applied to the three grids 5, 6 and 7. No apparatus for securing and pulling the wood strips 10 is shown but any suitable system known in the art would 30 be satisfactory. :
~09'i'~93 Figure 2 provides a detailed exploded view of cutting grid 5, primary support grid 6, and secondary support grid 7. The unextruded log 8 is shown at the right.
The cutting grid 5 consists of a plurality of vertical cutting blades 11, which are arranged in parallel.
The plurality of vertical cutting blades 11 intersect with a corresponding plurality of horizontal cutting blades 12, also arranged in parallel. In this way, a grid work of vertical and horizontally extending cutting blades is formed. When this cutting grid 5 is forced by high pressure through the log 8, the log 8 is, in effect, extruded into a plurality of elongated strips 10 (See Figure 1) each having a square cross section. A certain degree of extension takes place, particularly with logs that have a high water content.
Because very significant pressures are involved, it is necessary to prevent buckling or collapse of the cutting grid 5 by reinforcing the cutting grid 5 with a primary support grid 6, and a secondary support grid 7. This combination is capable o~ withstanding the high pressures involved when the cutting grid 5 is forced through the log 8.
Primary support grid 6, similar to cutting grid 5, is made up of a plurality of parallel disposed primary vertical supports 13, and a corresponding plurality of parallel disposed primary horizontal supports 14. The vertical supports 13 and horizontal supports 14 intersect with one another to form a grid pattern, similar to the grid pattern of cut~ing grid 5. Since primary support grid 6 is used for reinforcing purposes only and does not actually contact the log 8, and therefore does not participate in the actual extrusion process, there is a smaller number of vertical supports 13 and horizontal supports 14, when compared with the number of vertical and horizontal cutting blades 11 and 12 in cutting grid 5. However, it is important that the fewer number of vertical supports 13 and horizontal supports 14 align in position with the corresponding vertical blades 11 and horizontal blades 12 of the cutting grid 5 so that there is no obstruction to the passage of the log 8 through the cutting grid 5.
Secondary support grid 7, similar to prlmary support grid 6, is also constructed of a series of parallel disposed secondary vertical supporks 15, and parallel disposed secondary horizontal supports 16. Again, since these vertical and horizontal supports 15 and 16 are used for reinforcing purposes only, they do not have to be as plentiful in number as the cutting blades 11 and 12 in the cutting grid 5. However, as with primary support .~ 20 grid 6, it is important that the vertical supports 15 and horizontal supports 16 are aligned with the vertical cutting blades 11 and horizontal cutting blades 12 of : cutting grid 5, so that no obstructions are presented to the passage of the log 8 through the cutting grid net-work. The thickness and strength of the primary support grid 6, and the secondary support grid 7, must be sufficient to withstand the substantial pressures that are created against vertical and horizontal cutting blades 11 and 12, when the log 8 is extruded through the cutt.ing grid 3~ 5.
~097~C~3 Figure 3 shows a front or end view of the cutting grid 5, with the vertical cutting blades 11, and hori-zontal cutting blades 12, (on end) intersecting as shown.
The horizontal and vertical cutting blades 11 and 12 are fastened within cutting grid frame 17. The corners of the frame 17 have connecting plates 18. These connecting plates 18 have holes therein, which can be used in order to bolt, or secure in some other manner, the cutting grid 5 to the primary support grid 6 and the secondary support grid 7.
Figure 4 shows a front or end view of the primary support grid 6. The intersecting primary vertical supports 13 and primary horizontal supports 14 are mounted within a primary support grid frame 19. As indicated previously, the respective number of vertical supports 13 and horizontal supports 14 is less than the respective number of vertical cutting blades 11 and horizontal clltting blades 12 making up the cutting grid 5. It will also be noted that the respective primary vertical supports 13 and primary hori-zontal supports 14 correspond in position with the respective vertical and horiæontal cutting blades 11 and 12 of the cutting grid 5. In other words, the primary vertical and horizontal supports, although fewer in number, align with the respective vertical and horizontal cutting blades 11 and 12. Connecting plates 20l similar to the connecting plates 18 of the cutting grid 5, are located in the four corners of the primary support grid frame 19. These con-necting blades 20 are used to connect and align the primary support grid with the cutting grid 5 and the secondary support grid 7.
Referring to Figure 5, which illustrates a front or end view of the secondary support grid 7, the secondary 1~97~3 support grid 7 is made up of a set of secondary vertical supports 15 which intersect with a corresponding set of secondary horizontal supports 16. The intersecting secondary vertical supports 15 and horizontal supports 16 are enclosed in a secondary support grid frame 21. Although fewer in number than either the horizontal and vertical cutting blades of the cutting grid 5, and the horizontal and verti-cal primary supports of the primary support grid 6, never-theless the positions of the secondary vertical and hori-zontal supports 15 and 16 are positioned so that they align with the respective cutting blades and primary supports of the cutting grid 5 and the primary support grid 6, thereby presenting no obstruction to the advancement of the log 8 through the overall grid complex. As with the ` cutting grid 5, and the primary support grid 6, discussed previously, connecting plates 22 are located in the four corners of the frame 21, and are used to connect and align the cutting grid 5, the primary support grid 6 and the secondary support grid 7.
~0 Figure 6 shows a section piece of a vertical cutting blade 11, which is a component of the cutting ~ grid 5. The cutting edge of the vertical cutting blade -~
`- 11 is at the left. Since substantial pressures are involved, it is advantageous to have the cutting blade sharpened with a scalloped or uneven edge of some type. In this way, the entire cutting edge of the blade 11 does not contact the log 8 at one time. With an uneven cutting edge, the cutting blade 11 is able to cut the log 8 with lower initial pressure. The vertical cutting blade 11 (as can be seen in Figure 6) has a series of intersection ~0~71~3 slots 23 cut along its length and extending part of the width of the blade 11.
The horizontal cutting blade 12, as shown in Figure 6, also is sharpened so that it has a scalloped or uneven cutting edge~ Cutting blade 12 has a correspond- ~.
ing number of intersection slots 24. The vertical cutting blade intersection slots 23 and horizontal cutting blade intersection slots 24 enable the vertical and horizontal : cutting blades 11 and 12 to fit together as shown in Figure 7 to form a grid work of cutting blades.
Figure 8 shows a laminated wood strip board ~ ~:
25. The board 25 is formed with an upper layer 26 of parallel wood strips, a middle layer 27 of wood strips extending at right angles to the direction of the upper wood strips in the upper layer 26, and a lower layer 28 of wood strips extending in the same direction as the .; strips in the upper layer 26. This method of orienting the three layers of strips gives the board 25 considerable strength. The board 25 is formed by contacting the various strips of wood in each layer with glue and gluing these strips together under high pressure to form a unitary block 25.
Figure 9 shows a wood strip board 29 which has built-in reinforcing joists 30. These joists 30 can be formed in one integral operation with the main body of the strip board 29 by using a suitable mold and gluing and pressing together the requisite number of wood strips.
Other forms of strip board can also be formed by gluing together the elongated wood strips in various patterns, and using appropriate molds for pressing and gluing the strips into module wood productsO
The foregoing detailed description provides a method and apparatus to enable a person to practise my invention. However, it is not intended that the fore-going description should be construed in a limiting manner because it will be recognized that non-inventive variations in both the process and the method can be made without ; departing from the spirit of my invention. Accordingly, the scope of my invention is to be construed according to the claims that follow this description, and any non-inventive mechanical equivalents of the process and apparatus of my invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
It is well known that common wood products in the form of lumber, and other materials used in construct-ing building such as houses, and the like, are not absolutely dimensionally stable, and shrink and expand with changes in humidity. Moreover, the wood products tend to warp and distort with fluctuations in humidity and temperature.
Lumber is ordinarily dried in a stleam kiln, but even with such processing, the lumber still tends to warp and experience changes in dimension with time. These difficulties, in many cases, can cause distortion of the floors, walls and ceilings of the building resulting in the cracking of plaster or wall facings, which is unsightly, and weakens the strength of the structure.
Another fault with well known wood products is that wood is not a consistent product and may have a variable number of knots, and grain imperfections, which reduce the strength of the lumber. Generally speaking, trees suitable for rendering into lumber products usually must be of considerable maturity in order to provide reasonably good even grain direction, and a low number of knots.
With the passage of time, and the increasing use of wood products throughout the world, mature stands of trees are becoming less plentiful.
97~L93 Building a home from wood products has a perennialproblem in that constructing the home is labor intensive.
The services of professional carpenters must be utilized in laying the joists, subfloor and floors of a normally constructed home, using nails or other fastening methods such as screws, well known in the home construction field.
As a result, there is a very high percentage of labour costs involved in erecting a house.
The disadvantages of normal lumber products have been known for many years, and many lumber substitutes, such as plywood, ahip board, particle board, ancl the like, have been developed. ~lowever, most of these products are very expensive, or are inferior to lumber in their performance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
I have invented a laminated wood product which provides a good substitute for lumber. In producing -the wood substitute, I have discovered that debarked raw wood (wood that has recently been cut and still has a relatively high sap content) can be extruded in the direction of the grain through a parallelogram-shaped (and preferably rectangular) grid work of cutting blades to form a plurality of small wood strips of generally parallelogram-shaped cross section of any specified length. Moreover, I have found that various types of wood which are not now normally used in the construction business, such as aspenite (poplar) spruce and birch can be used in my invention. These types of wood are in plentiful supply and relatively inexpensive because they are not in demand as construction materials.
My method consists of passing or extruding under high pressure in the direction of the grain a debarked ~971~
or peeled log of aspenite, or other suitable wood, through a parallelogram-shaped grid work of cutting blades, whereby the log is formed into a plurality of wood strips of generally parallelogram-shaped cross section. The extrusion process is assisted if the wood strips emerging from the grid work are firmly held and pulled with a force that is approximately equal to the force being applied on the log to force it through the grid work. Moreover, raw wood which has a lower sap content can be extruded in my processs more readily than a log with a high sap content.
Generally, the wood strips that are obtained are of more or less the same length as the log which is used to extrude the wood strips. I then take the extruded wood strips and cure them at a temperature of about 200F.
for about two hours, which is considerably less time than is ordinarily used to cure lumber. During this process, the strips become twisted and somewhat resemble spaghetti or noodles. ~owever, this twisting presents no problem because the strips can be easily straightened out using a~press.
Preparatoryto extrusion, the logs should be debarked or peeled. Otherwise, the bark tends to collect as a thick tight mat on the grid work and greatly reduces the efficiency of the extrusion process.
The strips, if o~ square cross section, can be grouped together so that there are sets of the strips passing in generally the same direction. The strips are coated with glue and then glued together under pressure using a suitable glue such as epoxy, urea formaldehyde or phenol formaldehyde. Epoxy 9,3 and phenol formaldehyde glues are preferred if the wood product is destined for ultimate use outdoors. Of the two, epoxy type glues appear to have better characteristics.
A strong laminated product can be found by having sets of the wood strips in each layer extend in alternating directions.
I have found that my laminated wood product can be produced in virtually any required length or width.
~y process also has the advantage in that not more than about 10 percent of the original log that is extruded into the strips is discarded. This is a substantial reduction over ordinary techniques for producing lumber where when a log is sawn into planks, and the like, generally about 33 percent of the log is lost and must be used in scrap wood applications such as chip board and the like.
Another advantage of my product is that less glue is required than in other substitute wood products such as particle board and chip board. In common chip board, the glue content usually ranges from 40 to 60 percent.
On the other hand, in my extruded wood strip product, the glue content is usually in the range of 30 to 35 percent of the finished product.
A further advantage of my process is that when the peeled log is extruded through the blade grid, all knots in the wood of significant size are either cut into small pieces, or are popped out of the wood. Subsequently, when the wood strips are cured, the cut knots, unless they are very small, separate themselves from the wood strips. Accordingly, the wood strips do not normally contain any knots, which would contribute to weakness -~
in the finished laminated wood product.
1(~9~193 A well known problem with common chip board is that because of its high glue content, usually urea formaldehyde, screws and nails are not held securely by the chip board. The nails or screws with time tend to work free from the chip board. Because my laminated product has a reduced proportion of glue, the nail and screw holding characteristics of my product are much higher than with common chip board.
After the extrusion step, the wood strips are sorted, cleared of knots, and joined into long lengths.
They are then kiln dried, as mentioned previously, at a temperature of about 200F. for about two hours. These curing conditions are usually sufficient to reduce the moisture content of the wood strips below about 12 percent.
Once the strips have been cured, tlley are removed and placed in parallel rows of four or more, following which glue in the form of epoxy or phenoL or urea formaldehyde is applied. The group of strips coated with glue are then pressed together under high pressure. In this way, wood modules made up of my laminated wood strips can be produced.
Normally, I prefer to form the wood strips into flat modules, which can be directly substituted for lumber.
In other words, thick planks or plates of wood are produced.
However, the plurality of wood strips can be pressed and glued together to form round logs, or fliches. Both of these latter items can be peeled by ordinary plywood manu-facturing techniques for use in the production of plywood.
The elongated wood strips of my invention can also be glued and pressed in a suitable press to form laminated floor panels, which have reinforcing floor joists .. . . . .
1~97193 Integrally molded underneath the panels as part of the floor-type panel. Floors in homes made from such floor panels do not require reinforcing or floor joists, as is now the case with conventional lumber and plywood products and conventional house erecting techniques.
Finally, my process can also be used for woods which are considerably harder than aspenite and birch, for example, oak. Prior to extrusion, the oak log is boiled in order to soften it sufficiently for extrusion through the blade grid work.
The method of extruding logs into a plurality ;~
of wood strips comprises extruding a peeled uncured log in a direction along the grain of the log ~hrough a reinforced parallelogram-shaped and preferably rectangular grid of ~;~
intersecting cutting blades which form a series of apertures. ;
The pressure of extrusion must be sufficient to force the log through the apertures, thereby extruding the log into a plurality of wood strips. The extrusion process proceeds more easily if the wood strips emerging from the apertures ~n are firmly held and pulled with a force that is approximately equal to the force being applied to the log to force it ;
through the apertures. The apertures formed by the intersecting cutting blades can be square in shape. Moreover, the leading cutting edges of the cutting blades can be nonlinear. The cutting blades can be reinforced by primary and secondary support grids.
An uncured log can be extruded through the grid of intersecting cutting blades by means of one or more hydraulic ~;
,: .
rams which force the blades through the length of the log.
The moisture content of the wood may be reduced to below about 12%, by kiln drying the strips at a temperature of about 200F for about two hours for example, and the strips ~r~
~ - 7 -':
. .
1~97~9~
can be pressed together to form a wood module, which may be bonded together to form laminated wood products. The glue can be selected from epoxy, urea formaldehyde, phenol formaldehyde, or any other suitable wood glue.
The apparatus for extruding the uncured peeled logs into a plurality of wood strips can comprise an elongated frame, an end plate positioned at one end of the elongated frame, at least one hydraulic ram which is located at the end of the frame opposite the end plate and extends parallel with the elongatecl frame in the direction of the end plate, and a reinforced parallelogram-shaped grid of intersecting cutting blades secured to the end of the hydraulic ram that extends in the direction of the end plate.
The frame can include at least two parallel tracks that extend in the direction of and meet with the end plate, and the grid o the intersecting cutting blades can travel on the two tracks. The intersecting blades of the grid can be positioned to form square shaped apertures between the blades. The grid of cutting blades can be reinforced by primary and secondary support grids positioned on the side of the cutting blade removed from the end plate.
The primary and secondary support grids can have a plurality of intersecting vertical and horizontal supports which align with the intersecting blades of the cutting grid. The primary support grid can have a bewer number of vertical and horizontal supports than the respective number of blades of the cutting grid, and the secondary support grid can have a few number of vertical and horizontal ` 30 supports than the primary support grid.
~al97~91;~
DRAWINGS
In the Drawings:
FIGURE 1 illustrates an overhead view of the apparatus used to extrude the logs into elongated wood strips.
FIGURE 2 represents an exploded view of the grid work of cutting blades and primary and secondary support grids.
FIGURE 3 shows a front view of a cutting grid.
FIGURE 4 shows a front view of a primary support grid.
FIGURE 5 shows a front view of a secondary support grid.
FIGURE 6 shows sections of vertical and horizontal cutting blades.
FIGURE 7 shows a perspective view of ~ section of the cutting grid with vertical and horizontal cutting blades fitted together.
FIGURE 8 shows a perspective view of a laminated wood strip product.
FIGURE 9 shows a perspective view of a laminated .,~
wood strip product with integral underlying supporting joists.
'`
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring to Figure 1, the basic extruder 1 used for extruding a peeled raw log 8, of aspenite, birch, spruce or the like, into a plurality of`elongated wood strips 1OJ is equipped with two parallel tracks 2. The log 8 is placed so that it rests between and in a longitudinal ~(197~93 direction parallel with the two tracks 2. An end plate 3 is located at one end of the two parallel tracks 2, and is securely fastened to the two tracks 2. Mounted above and within the boundaries established by the two parallel tracks 2, at the end opposite the end plate 3, are two hydraulic rams 4 which telescope in a direction parallel with the pair of tracks 2 and toward the log 8. These two hydraulic rams 4 are connected to a grid system which is made up of a cutting grid 5p a primary support grid 6, and a secondary support grid 7. The cutting grid 5 is mounted so that it faces and contacts the log 8 in advance of the primary and secondary support grids 6 and 7.
The cutting grid 5, with its primary and secondary supporting grids 6 and 7, is forced against the end of the log 8 that is opposite end plate 3, by applying hydraulic pressure to the pair of hydraulic rams 4. In this way, the log 8 is extruded along its grain into a plurality of elongated wood strips 10. The pair of telescoping hydraulic rams 4 have sufficient extension that the cutting grid 5, can pass the entire length of the log 8, until it contacts end plate 3. End plate 3 is reinforced by end plate reinforcing 9 to withstand the very high pressures - involved. The peeled log extrusion process is assisted if the wood strips 10 emerging from the grid 5 are firmly held and pulled with a force that is equal approximately to the force being applied to the three grids 5, 6 and 7. No apparatus for securing and pulling the wood strips 10 is shown but any suitable system known in the art would 30 be satisfactory. :
~09'i'~93 Figure 2 provides a detailed exploded view of cutting grid 5, primary support grid 6, and secondary support grid 7. The unextruded log 8 is shown at the right.
The cutting grid 5 consists of a plurality of vertical cutting blades 11, which are arranged in parallel.
The plurality of vertical cutting blades 11 intersect with a corresponding plurality of horizontal cutting blades 12, also arranged in parallel. In this way, a grid work of vertical and horizontally extending cutting blades is formed. When this cutting grid 5 is forced by high pressure through the log 8, the log 8 is, in effect, extruded into a plurality of elongated strips 10 (See Figure 1) each having a square cross section. A certain degree of extension takes place, particularly with logs that have a high water content.
Because very significant pressures are involved, it is necessary to prevent buckling or collapse of the cutting grid 5 by reinforcing the cutting grid 5 with a primary support grid 6, and a secondary support grid 7. This combination is capable o~ withstanding the high pressures involved when the cutting grid 5 is forced through the log 8.
Primary support grid 6, similar to cutting grid 5, is made up of a plurality of parallel disposed primary vertical supports 13, and a corresponding plurality of parallel disposed primary horizontal supports 14. The vertical supports 13 and horizontal supports 14 intersect with one another to form a grid pattern, similar to the grid pattern of cut~ing grid 5. Since primary support grid 6 is used for reinforcing purposes only and does not actually contact the log 8, and therefore does not participate in the actual extrusion process, there is a smaller number of vertical supports 13 and horizontal supports 14, when compared with the number of vertical and horizontal cutting blades 11 and 12 in cutting grid 5. However, it is important that the fewer number of vertical supports 13 and horizontal supports 14 align in position with the corresponding vertical blades 11 and horizontal blades 12 of the cutting grid 5 so that there is no obstruction to the passage of the log 8 through the cutting grid 5.
Secondary support grid 7, similar to prlmary support grid 6, is also constructed of a series of parallel disposed secondary vertical supporks 15, and parallel disposed secondary horizontal supports 16. Again, since these vertical and horizontal supports 15 and 16 are used for reinforcing purposes only, they do not have to be as plentiful in number as the cutting blades 11 and 12 in the cutting grid 5. However, as with primary support .~ 20 grid 6, it is important that the vertical supports 15 and horizontal supports 16 are aligned with the vertical cutting blades 11 and horizontal cutting blades 12 of : cutting grid 5, so that no obstructions are presented to the passage of the log 8 through the cutting grid net-work. The thickness and strength of the primary support grid 6, and the secondary support grid 7, must be sufficient to withstand the substantial pressures that are created against vertical and horizontal cutting blades 11 and 12, when the log 8 is extruded through the cutt.ing grid 3~ 5.
~097~C~3 Figure 3 shows a front or end view of the cutting grid 5, with the vertical cutting blades 11, and hori-zontal cutting blades 12, (on end) intersecting as shown.
The horizontal and vertical cutting blades 11 and 12 are fastened within cutting grid frame 17. The corners of the frame 17 have connecting plates 18. These connecting plates 18 have holes therein, which can be used in order to bolt, or secure in some other manner, the cutting grid 5 to the primary support grid 6 and the secondary support grid 7.
Figure 4 shows a front or end view of the primary support grid 6. The intersecting primary vertical supports 13 and primary horizontal supports 14 are mounted within a primary support grid frame 19. As indicated previously, the respective number of vertical supports 13 and horizontal supports 14 is less than the respective number of vertical cutting blades 11 and horizontal clltting blades 12 making up the cutting grid 5. It will also be noted that the respective primary vertical supports 13 and primary hori-zontal supports 14 correspond in position with the respective vertical and horiæontal cutting blades 11 and 12 of the cutting grid 5. In other words, the primary vertical and horizontal supports, although fewer in number, align with the respective vertical and horizontal cutting blades 11 and 12. Connecting plates 20l similar to the connecting plates 18 of the cutting grid 5, are located in the four corners of the primary support grid frame 19. These con-necting blades 20 are used to connect and align the primary support grid with the cutting grid 5 and the secondary support grid 7.
Referring to Figure 5, which illustrates a front or end view of the secondary support grid 7, the secondary 1~97~3 support grid 7 is made up of a set of secondary vertical supports 15 which intersect with a corresponding set of secondary horizontal supports 16. The intersecting secondary vertical supports 15 and horizontal supports 16 are enclosed in a secondary support grid frame 21. Although fewer in number than either the horizontal and vertical cutting blades of the cutting grid 5, and the horizontal and verti-cal primary supports of the primary support grid 6, never-theless the positions of the secondary vertical and hori-zontal supports 15 and 16 are positioned so that they align with the respective cutting blades and primary supports of the cutting grid 5 and the primary support grid 6, thereby presenting no obstruction to the advancement of the log 8 through the overall grid complex. As with the ` cutting grid 5, and the primary support grid 6, discussed previously, connecting plates 22 are located in the four corners of the frame 21, and are used to connect and align the cutting grid 5, the primary support grid 6 and the secondary support grid 7.
~0 Figure 6 shows a section piece of a vertical cutting blade 11, which is a component of the cutting ~ grid 5. The cutting edge of the vertical cutting blade -~
`- 11 is at the left. Since substantial pressures are involved, it is advantageous to have the cutting blade sharpened with a scalloped or uneven edge of some type. In this way, the entire cutting edge of the blade 11 does not contact the log 8 at one time. With an uneven cutting edge, the cutting blade 11 is able to cut the log 8 with lower initial pressure. The vertical cutting blade 11 (as can be seen in Figure 6) has a series of intersection ~0~71~3 slots 23 cut along its length and extending part of the width of the blade 11.
The horizontal cutting blade 12, as shown in Figure 6, also is sharpened so that it has a scalloped or uneven cutting edge~ Cutting blade 12 has a correspond- ~.
ing number of intersection slots 24. The vertical cutting blade intersection slots 23 and horizontal cutting blade intersection slots 24 enable the vertical and horizontal : cutting blades 11 and 12 to fit together as shown in Figure 7 to form a grid work of cutting blades.
Figure 8 shows a laminated wood strip board ~ ~:
25. The board 25 is formed with an upper layer 26 of parallel wood strips, a middle layer 27 of wood strips extending at right angles to the direction of the upper wood strips in the upper layer 26, and a lower layer 28 of wood strips extending in the same direction as the .; strips in the upper layer 26. This method of orienting the three layers of strips gives the board 25 considerable strength. The board 25 is formed by contacting the various strips of wood in each layer with glue and gluing these strips together under high pressure to form a unitary block 25.
Figure 9 shows a wood strip board 29 which has built-in reinforcing joists 30. These joists 30 can be formed in one integral operation with the main body of the strip board 29 by using a suitable mold and gluing and pressing together the requisite number of wood strips.
Other forms of strip board can also be formed by gluing together the elongated wood strips in various patterns, and using appropriate molds for pressing and gluing the strips into module wood productsO
The foregoing detailed description provides a method and apparatus to enable a person to practise my invention. However, it is not intended that the fore-going description should be construed in a limiting manner because it will be recognized that non-inventive variations in both the process and the method can be made without ; departing from the spirit of my invention. Accordingly, the scope of my invention is to be construed according to the claims that follow this description, and any non-inventive mechanical equivalents of the process and apparatus of my invention.
Claims (20)
1. A method of extruding logs into a plurality of wood strips comprising extruding an uncured peeled log in a direction along the grain of the log through a reinforced parallelogram-shaped grid of intersecting cutting blades which form a series of parallelogram-shaped apertures at a high pressure sufficient to force the log through the apertures, thereby extruding the log into a plurality of wood strips of generally parallelogram-shaped cross section.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the apertures formed by the intersecting cutting blades are of rectangular cross section.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the apertures formed by the intersecting cutting blades are of square cross section.
4. The method of claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein the leading cutting edges of the cutting blades are non-linear.
5. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the cutting blades are reinforced by primary and secondary support grids.
6. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the log is extruded through the grid of intersecting cutting blades by means of one or more hydraulic rams which force the blades through the length of the log.
7. A method of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the incured log has a relatively low sap content.
- page 1 of claims -
- page 1 of claims -
8. The method of claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the wood strips emerging from the apertures are firmly gripped and pulled away from the apertures with a force that is approximately equal to the pressure used to force the log through the apertures.
9. The method of claim 2 further comprising the following steps of reducing the moisture content of the wood strips to below about 12%;
applying glue to the wood strips; and pressing the wood strips together to form a wood module.
applying glue to the wood strips; and pressing the wood strips together to form a wood module.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the glue is selected from the group consisting of epoxy, urea formaldehyde and phenolformaldehyde.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the moisture content of the wood strips is reduced to below about 12% by kiln drying said strips at a temperature of about 200°F for about two hours.
12. The method of claim 9 wherein said wood strips or said wood modules are bonded together to form laminated wood products.
13. An apparatus for extruding peeled logs into a plurality of wood strips comprising:
(a) an elongated frame, (b) an end plate positioned at one end of the elongated frame, - page 2 of claims -(c) at least one hydraulic ram which is located at the end of the frame opposite the end plate and extends parallel with the elongated frame in the direction of the end plate, (d) a reinforced parallelogram-shaped grid of intersecting cutting blades secured to the end of the hydraulic ram that extends in the direction of the end plate.
(a) an elongated frame, (b) an end plate positioned at one end of the elongated frame, - page 2 of claims -(c) at least one hydraulic ram which is located at the end of the frame opposite the end plate and extends parallel with the elongated frame in the direction of the end plate, (d) a reinforced parallelogram-shaped grid of intersecting cutting blades secured to the end of the hydraulic ram that extends in the direction of the end plate.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the grid is rectangular.
15. The apparatus of claim 13 wherein the frame includes at least two parallel tracks that extend in the direction of and meet with the end plate, and the grid of intersecting cutting blades travels on the two tracks.
16. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the intersecting blades of the grid are positioned to form square cross section apertures between the blades.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein the cutting edges of the intersecting blades are non-linear.
18. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the grid is reinforced by primary and secondary support grids positioned on the side of the cutting grid removed from the end plate.
19. The apparatus fo claim 18 wherein the primary and secondary support grids have a plurality of intersecting vertical and horizontal supports which align with the intersecting blades of the cutting grid.
- page 3 of claims -
- page 3 of claims -
20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein the primary support grid has a fewer number of vertical and horizontal supports than the respective number of vertical and horizontal blades of the cutting grid, and the secondary support grid has a fewer number of vertical and horizontal supports than a respective number of vertical and horizontal blades of the primary support grid.
- page 4 of claims-
- page 4 of claims-
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,281A CA1097193A (en) | 1976-11-09 | 1976-11-09 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing reinforced wood product |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,281A CA1097193A (en) | 1976-11-09 | 1976-11-09 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing reinforced wood product |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1097193A true CA1097193A (en) | 1981-03-10 |
Family
ID=4107233
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA265,281A Expired CA1097193A (en) | 1976-11-09 | 1976-11-09 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing reinforced wood product |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1097193A (en) |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4478263A (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1984-10-23 | Johnston James L | Log splitter |
| EP0225577A1 (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-06-16 | Peter Schacht | Press for the manufacture of wooden panels |
| US4830071A (en) * | 1988-03-22 | 1989-05-16 | Gollahon Robert J | Wood processing machine |
| US4875514A (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1989-10-24 | Hollister Jr Graham | Wood splitting method and apparatus |
| EP0375807A1 (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-07-04 | Hans Binder | Method and apparatus for manufacturing lamellar wood from timber |
| EP0376918A2 (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-07-04 | Gebr. Linck Maschinenfabrik "Gatterlinck" GmbH & Co. KG | Method and apparatus for manufacturing lamellar wood from sawn timber |
| EP0447670A2 (en) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-09-25 | Gebrüder Linck Maschinenfabrik "Gatterlinck" GmbH & Co. KG | Apparatus and process for the manufacture of multiply wood products |
| US5352317A (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1994-10-04 | Firma Gebruder Linck Maschinenfabrik "Gatterlinck" Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method of preparing a multilayered solid wood panel |
| FR2856949A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-07 | Aficor Sa | MACHINE FOR EXTENDING WOODEN TRUNCTIONS |
| EP2457705A1 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-30 | Gerhard Stahlhandel GmbH | Die for producing pellets |
-
1976
- 1976-11-09 CA CA265,281A patent/CA1097193A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4478263A (en) * | 1983-03-23 | 1984-10-23 | Johnston James L | Log splitter |
| EP0225577A1 (en) * | 1985-12-02 | 1987-06-16 | Peter Schacht | Press for the manufacture of wooden panels |
| US4830071A (en) * | 1988-03-22 | 1989-05-16 | Gollahon Robert J | Wood processing machine |
| US4875514A (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1989-10-24 | Hollister Jr Graham | Wood splitting method and apparatus |
| US5088533A (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1992-02-18 | Hans Binder | Method and device for the production of wood sheets from cut wood |
| EP0375807A1 (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-07-04 | Hans Binder | Method and apparatus for manufacturing lamellar wood from timber |
| EP0376918A2 (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-07-04 | Gebr. Linck Maschinenfabrik "Gatterlinck" GmbH & Co. KG | Method and apparatus for manufacturing lamellar wood from sawn timber |
| EP0376918A3 (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1990-11-28 | Hans Binder | Method and apparatus for manufacturing lamellar wood from sawn timber |
| US5002106A (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1991-03-26 | Hans Binder | Method and device for the production of wood sheets from cut wood |
| US5500070A (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1996-03-19 | Firma Gebruder Linck Maschinenfabrik "Gatterlinck" Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method of preparing a multilayered solid wood panel |
| US5352317A (en) * | 1989-11-01 | 1994-10-04 | Firma Gebruder Linck Maschinenfabrik "Gatterlinck" Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method of preparing a multilayered solid wood panel |
| EP0447670A3 (en) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-11-13 | Gebrueder Linck Maschinenfabrik "Gatterlinck" Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and process for the manufacture of multiply wood products |
| EP0447670A2 (en) * | 1990-03-17 | 1991-09-25 | Gebrüder Linck Maschinenfabrik "Gatterlinck" GmbH & Co. KG | Apparatus and process for the manufacture of multiply wood products |
| FR2856949A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-07 | Aficor Sa | MACHINE FOR EXTENDING WOODEN TRUNCTIONS |
| WO2005002814A1 (en) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-13 | Aficor S.A. | Horizontal log ripping machine |
| EP2457705A1 (en) * | 2010-11-29 | 2012-05-30 | Gerhard Stahlhandel GmbH | Die for producing pellets |
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