CA1096954A - Monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices - Google Patents
Monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devicesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1096954A CA1096954A CA280,253A CA280253A CA1096954A CA 1096954 A CA1096954 A CA 1096954A CA 280253 A CA280253 A CA 280253A CA 1096954 A CA1096954 A CA 1096954A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- current
- condition
- change
- circuit
- sensing devices
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices. It includes a common two conductor circuit connecting the condition sensing devices. A central monitoring apparatus is connected to the common two conductor circuit and supplies current to the circuit. Each of the condition sensing devices includes a device for limiting the amount of current flowing therethrough from the common two conductor circuit; a mechanism to detect and to react to any change from a normal condition being sensed; and a mechanism to interrupt the current to at least all following condition sensing devices in the circuit upon reaction of the condition sensing device to a change in a condition being sensed. An apparatus is formed as part of the central monitoring apparatus for measuring and indicating a magnitude of current being supplied to the common two conductor circuit at any given time.
A monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices. It includes a common two conductor circuit connecting the condition sensing devices. A central monitoring apparatus is connected to the common two conductor circuit and supplies current to the circuit. Each of the condition sensing devices includes a device for limiting the amount of current flowing therethrough from the common two conductor circuit; a mechanism to detect and to react to any change from a normal condition being sensed; and a mechanism to interrupt the current to at least all following condition sensing devices in the circuit upon reaction of the condition sensing device to a change in a condition being sensed. An apparatus is formed as part of the central monitoring apparatus for measuring and indicating a magnitude of current being supplied to the common two conductor circuit at any given time.
Description
10~6954 The present invention relates to a monitoring arrangement for detecting a change in the operational state of one of a plurality of objects, each of which objects has associated therewith a fault-indicating device communicating via a two-wire cable with a central monitoring apparatus, said two-wire cable being common to all said objects.
It is known in fault-indicating systems to use trans-mitters which vary the frequency of a signal transmitted to the central monitoring apparatus when the state of the object being monitored differs from a predetermined state. Even though this known system has the advantage whereby only two electrical wires are required between the central monitoring apparatus and all the objects being monitored, the devices associated with each object are nevertheless both complicated and expensive, since each monitored object must be capable of sending a specific harmonic or frequency to said central apparatus, in order to be able to ascertain rapidly from said apparatus which of the objects being monitored has changed its state.
By "monitored object" is meant here, for example, a dwelling house which is to be monitored against unlawful entry, a liquid-containing vessel in which the level of liquid is to be monitored, etc.
According to the invention there is provided a par-ticularly simple and reliable arrangement in which each fault-indicating system comprises a standard unit and in which the indication of a change in the state of one of a plurality of monitored objects in the central monitoring apparatus, as is given in the form of a change in current, this change in current indicating immediately which object shall be investigated.
According to the present invention, then, there is ~1 1~6954 provided a monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices including a common two conductor circuit con-necting the condition sensing devices; a monitoring apparatus connected to the common two conductor circuit and supplying current to the circuit; each of the condition sensing devices including means to regulate the amount of current flowing there-through from the common two conductor circuit; means to detect and react to any change from a normal condition being sensed;
and means to interrupt the current to at least all following condition sensing devices in the circuit upon reaction of the condition sensing device to a change in a condition being sensed; and means formed as a part of the central monitoring apparatus for measuring and indicating the magnitude of current being supplied to the common two conductor circuit at any given time.
Since the central monitoring apparatus supplies a constant, or substantially constant, current to each of said fault-indicating systems, when the current supply to those fault-indicating systems following a system in which a change in thestate of the object monitored thereby is interrupted, there will immediately be a corresponding reduction in the current supplied by the central monitoring apparatus, thereby enabling the object whose state has changed to be quickly identified.
A number of embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a simplified view of a system according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows, by way of example, a constant current regulator incorporated in each of the fault-indicating systems 1(3~6954 shown in Figure l;
Figure 3 is an embodiment of a fault~indicating system incorporated in the arrangement shown in Figure l;
Figure 4 is a simplified view of a polarity-independent constant-current generator;
Figure 5 illustrates a fault-indicating system of the same type as the system shown in Figure 3 but with a different type of emitter; and Figure 6 illustrates a further fault-indicating circuit.
Figure 1 shows a monitoring arrangement according to the invention, having a central monitoring apparatus 1 and a plurality of fault-indicating systems 2, 3.... n connected there-to. The fault-indicating systems may, for example, be intended to indicate the occurrence of a burglary or a fire, or the level to which a vessel has been filled, and may be installed, for example, in different buildings at different locations. The fault-indicating systems are connected to the central monitoring apparatus 1, which may be installed in a building separate from those in which said indicating systems are installed, by means of a twin cable having wires 4 and 5, said cable serving all of said fault-indicating systems. The terminal points of the two wires 4, 5 are connected to a terminal circuit comprising a constant-current regulator 6. Each of the fault-indicating systems has one such constant-current regulator 6, an embodiment of which is described below.
The central monitoring apparatus 1 comprises a current supply unit 7 connected, for example, over terminals 8, 9 to an a.c. voltage net, which unit comprises a rectifying device for delivering on its output a d.c. voltage, marked + and -respectively. For indicating the magnitude of the direct current delivered by the unit 7, there is provided between the negative terminal of the unit and the negative wire 4 a shunt resistance lO, across which a digital voltmeter 11 is connected~ As will be be explained hereinafter, each fault-indicating system 2-n and the terminal circuit consume a constant, or substantially con-stant current equal to J amps. The shunt resistance lO is designed so that the digital voltmeter indicates a change of one unit in its display for a change of J amps, When current is consumed by all the fault-indicating systems and the terminal circuits, the digital voltmeter ll will consequently show a value corresponding to n.J, while, for example, when only the fault-indicating circuits 2 and 3 in Figure l consume current, the digital voltmeter 11 will indicate a value corresponding to
It is known in fault-indicating systems to use trans-mitters which vary the frequency of a signal transmitted to the central monitoring apparatus when the state of the object being monitored differs from a predetermined state. Even though this known system has the advantage whereby only two electrical wires are required between the central monitoring apparatus and all the objects being monitored, the devices associated with each object are nevertheless both complicated and expensive, since each monitored object must be capable of sending a specific harmonic or frequency to said central apparatus, in order to be able to ascertain rapidly from said apparatus which of the objects being monitored has changed its state.
By "monitored object" is meant here, for example, a dwelling house which is to be monitored against unlawful entry, a liquid-containing vessel in which the level of liquid is to be monitored, etc.
According to the invention there is provided a par-ticularly simple and reliable arrangement in which each fault-indicating system comprises a standard unit and in which the indication of a change in the state of one of a plurality of monitored objects in the central monitoring apparatus, as is given in the form of a change in current, this change in current indicating immediately which object shall be investigated.
According to the present invention, then, there is ~1 1~6954 provided a monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices including a common two conductor circuit con-necting the condition sensing devices; a monitoring apparatus connected to the common two conductor circuit and supplying current to the circuit; each of the condition sensing devices including means to regulate the amount of current flowing there-through from the common two conductor circuit; means to detect and react to any change from a normal condition being sensed;
and means to interrupt the current to at least all following condition sensing devices in the circuit upon reaction of the condition sensing device to a change in a condition being sensed; and means formed as a part of the central monitoring apparatus for measuring and indicating the magnitude of current being supplied to the common two conductor circuit at any given time.
Since the central monitoring apparatus supplies a constant, or substantially constant, current to each of said fault-indicating systems, when the current supply to those fault-indicating systems following a system in which a change in thestate of the object monitored thereby is interrupted, there will immediately be a corresponding reduction in the current supplied by the central monitoring apparatus, thereby enabling the object whose state has changed to be quickly identified.
A number of embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a simplified view of a system according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows, by way of example, a constant current regulator incorporated in each of the fault-indicating systems 1(3~6954 shown in Figure l;
Figure 3 is an embodiment of a fault~indicating system incorporated in the arrangement shown in Figure l;
Figure 4 is a simplified view of a polarity-independent constant-current generator;
Figure 5 illustrates a fault-indicating system of the same type as the system shown in Figure 3 but with a different type of emitter; and Figure 6 illustrates a further fault-indicating circuit.
Figure 1 shows a monitoring arrangement according to the invention, having a central monitoring apparatus 1 and a plurality of fault-indicating systems 2, 3.... n connected there-to. The fault-indicating systems may, for example, be intended to indicate the occurrence of a burglary or a fire, or the level to which a vessel has been filled, and may be installed, for example, in different buildings at different locations. The fault-indicating systems are connected to the central monitoring apparatus 1, which may be installed in a building separate from those in which said indicating systems are installed, by means of a twin cable having wires 4 and 5, said cable serving all of said fault-indicating systems. The terminal points of the two wires 4, 5 are connected to a terminal circuit comprising a constant-current regulator 6. Each of the fault-indicating systems has one such constant-current regulator 6, an embodiment of which is described below.
The central monitoring apparatus 1 comprises a current supply unit 7 connected, for example, over terminals 8, 9 to an a.c. voltage net, which unit comprises a rectifying device for delivering on its output a d.c. voltage, marked + and -respectively. For indicating the magnitude of the direct current delivered by the unit 7, there is provided between the negative terminal of the unit and the negative wire 4 a shunt resistance lO, across which a digital voltmeter 11 is connected~ As will be be explained hereinafter, each fault-indicating system 2-n and the terminal circuit consume a constant, or substantially con-stant current equal to J amps. The shunt resistance lO is designed so that the digital voltmeter indicates a change of one unit in its display for a change of J amps, When current is consumed by all the fault-indicating systems and the terminal circuits, the digital voltmeter ll will consequently show a value corresponding to n.J, while, for example, when only the fault-indicating circuits 2 and 3 in Figure l consume current, the digital voltmeter 11 will indicate a value corresponding to
2.J. Thus, as will be explained hereinafter, the arrangement is such that in the event of a fault or a deviation from a pre-determined state of a monitored object, indicated, for example, by the circuit 2, all the following fault-indicating circuits, calculated from the central monitoring apparatus to the loop terminal circuit, will be disconnected. This means that current will be consumed only by circuit 2 and the digital voltmeter will indicate a value corresponding to 1 J, which in turn indicates that a deviation from the predetermined state has taken place at the site of the first fault-indicating system of the series, i.e.
the fault-indicating system 2.
The illustrated central monitoring apparatus l is also provided with a comparator 12 (operational amplifier) which ob-tains a supply voltage across a line 14 and 15, and the input of which is connected to the negative terminal of the unit 7, across a line 16, and to a voltage divider. The voltage divider com-prises a fixed resistance 17 and a variable resistance 18 and is connected between the supply wires 4 and 5. ~hen currentsupplied by the current-supply unit 7 corresponds to n.J, the signal on the output 19 of the comparator 12 will be zero.
When the current supplied by said unit lies beneath the value n.J by an amount equal to at least one current unit J, the comparator 12 will deliver an output voltage which is supplied to an acoustic or optical alarm device 20, thereby obviating the need to constantly monitor the digital voltmeter.
Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of a constant-current regulator 6, one such regulator being incorporated in each of the fault-indicating systems and in the terminal circuit. The constant-current regulator is connected between the current-supply wires 4 and 5 and is provided with an adjustable resis-tance 21 through which the major part of the constant, or sub-stantially constant, current J passes, said current being char-acteristic of each fault-indicating system and the terminal circuit. In order for the current J to be held constant, the voltage across the resistance 21 shall be constant and the vol-tage control is effected by means of a zener diode 22 which is supplied with current over a FET 23 which is connected so as to operate as a current regulator. A further FET 24, which also operates as a current regulator, is arranged to supply an oper-ational amplifier 25 with working current and working voltage which is stabilized by means of a zener diode 26. The current through the zener diode 22 and through the operational amplifier 25 is much smaller than the current through the resistance 21, and hence the dependency of the field effect transistors 23 and 24 on temperature and voltage will not have any significant affect on the total current. The non-inverted input 27 of the amplifier 25 is connected to the reference diode 22, which diode, 1~"69~4 for example, has a working voltage of 6.8 volts. The inverted input 28 is connected to the resistance 21. Since, as is well known, the amplifier 25 endeavours to maintain the two inputs 27, 28 at equal voltages, the amplifier will control, via a transistor 29, the current through the resistance 21. Since the voltage across the zener diode 22 is held constant, the voltage across the resistance 21 will also be constant, as will also the current through the resistance 21. If, as shown in Figure 2, the resistance 21 is variable, the system can be readily adjusted to provide the desired constant current.
Figure 3 illustrates a complete fault-indicating circuit generally designated 60 having a constant-current regulator 6 of the described type. To prevent damage to the circuits in the event of wrongly connecting the supply lines, a diode 30 is provided between the supply line 5 and the constant-current reg-ulator The fault-indicating circuit, which is to indicate when the state of an object changes from a predetermined state, is connected between the constant-current regulator 6 and the nega-tive supply line 4. It is assumed here that the object to bemonitored is a building or a room which must be constantly illu-minated and that darkening of the room or building would con-stitute a change from said predetermined state, The sensing circuit includes a voltage divider having a potentiometer and a light-sensing body 32 whose resistance is changed with a change in light strength. The voltage divider 31, 32 is connected to a Schmitt-trigger 33 forming a voltage-level detector, said level detector controlling, via a transistor 34, a current-mode switch comprising the transistors 35 and 36. When the transistor 34 is conductive, current will flow through the relay winding 37 there-by holding a closing contact 38 closed. The contact 38 is con-nected in the line 5 and thus breaks the current to circuits located downstream of the contact, i.e. circuits to the right of the contact in Figure 3. See also Figure 1 in which this con-tact 38 is shown. The resistances 39 and 41 in the sensing circuit are identical and much higher than the resistance of the winding 37. The purpose of the resistances 39' and 41' is to provide a suitable working voltage for the transistors 35 and 36 respectively. The circuit also comprises a voltage stabilizer 42 for stablizing the voltage to the level detector 33. In its simplest form, the stabilizer 42 may comprise a zener diode.
The potentiometer 31 is used to set the threshold value of the level detector, i.e. the value at which the level detector shall be adjusted in dependence upon the change in resistance of the light-sensitive element 32. When the element 32 ceases to be illuminated, no current will be supplied to the relay winding 37, causing the relay contact 38 to be opened and all following fault-indicating systems and the terminal circuit to be discon-nected. A decrease in current corresponding to the number of disconnected circuits will be indicated in the central monitoring apparatus and consequently immediately a fault occurs an indica-tion is given as to where said fault has occurred. Since, in the illustrated case, the contact 38 is arranged in the last fault-indicating system of the chain, only the terminal circuit will be disconnected, said terminal circuit comprising a constant-current regulator 6, and the total current supplied to the supply lines 4 and 5 from the unit 7 will fall by a unit J, i.e. by the current normally consumed by the terminal circuit. Thus, the function of the terminal circuit is merely to provide the requi-site decrease in current when the last fault-indicating system 10~i95~
begins to operate, to show that a fault has occurred in said last ault-indicating system.
Figure 4 shows how the constant-current regulator 6 can be connected to a diode bridge 43-46 to enable arbitrary con-nection of the supply line.
Figure 5 illustrates a fault-identifying circuit for controlling the level of liquid in a tank 47. To this end there is provided two electrodes 48, 49 the lower ends of which shall normally lie above the surface 50 of the liquid. When the sur-face S0 rises above the ends of the electrodes as shown in Figure 5, the contact 38' (see Figure 1) is opened and dis-connects all following circuits. The circuit elements described with reference to Figure 3 have the previously given references and will not be described here. The most important difference between the circuit shown in Figure 3 and the circuit shown in Figure 5 resides in the fact that an oscillator 51 is provided.
The output signal from the oscillator 51 is supplied across a capacitor 52 to the electrode 49. The capacitor 52 filters out the d.c. voltage component of the output a.c. voltage, which may comprise, for example, a square wave or a sine wave, thereby avoiding polarization. The a.c. voltage is rectified by a rec-tifier 53 and charges a capacitor 54.
When there is no liquid between the electrode tips, the apparatus is in its predetermined state and the contacts 38' shall thus be closed. In order for the contact 38' in the illus-trated circuit to be closed in the determined state, it is necessary for the level detector 33 to be actuated and the tran-sistor 34 to conduct current. When the transistor 34 conducts current, the transistor 35 is cut off and the transistor 36 is conductive, current passing through the relay winding 37 and the contact 38' being held closed. When the level of liquid in tan~
1~16954 47 increases so that the tips of the electrodes 48, 49 are covered by the electrically conductive li~uid in the tank, there is formed a voltage divider comprising the internal resistance of the oscillator 51 and the resistance between the electrode tips, the voltage on the diode 53 and the capacitor 54 falling.
The capacitor 54 is discharged across a resistance 55 and when the input voltage to the level detector 33 has fallen to a specific value, the level detector 33 changes its state. The transistor 34 is cut off, the transistor 35 becomes conductive and the transistox 36 is cut off, the relay winding 37`being de-energized and the contact 38' being opened so as to give an alarm.
A further embodiment of a fault-indicating system is shown in Figure 6. In this embodiment, the sensing element com-prises a contact 56 which is arranged to close in the event, for example, of a fire in the building or room being monitored. In the normal state of the system of Fiqure 6, the constant-current generator 6 is supplied with current through the relay winding 37 as a result of current from the transistor 57. The resistance 58 has a substantially higher resistance than the relay winding 37. When the contact 56 is closed, current will pass through the resistance 58 and across the contact 56 instead of to the base of the transistor 57, whereupon the transistor is cut off and the current through the relay winding 37 is interrupted, the contact 38' being opened. When the contact 38' is opened, all following circuits are disconnected and a fault is indicated on the digital voltmeter 11 and an alarm given from the alarm de-vice 20.
Although a plurality of different circuits and different elements for sensing the predetermined, normal state of an object 10~6954 has been shown and illustrated, it will-be obvious to one of normal skill in the art that many modifications can be made within the scope of the invention.
Although the relay winding has been described as a quiescent current winding, arranged to hold an associated con-tact closed in the normal state of a fault-indicating system, it is also possible, of course, to first energize the winding when a fault or a deviation from said normal state is detected.
,,
the fault-indicating system 2.
The illustrated central monitoring apparatus l is also provided with a comparator 12 (operational amplifier) which ob-tains a supply voltage across a line 14 and 15, and the input of which is connected to the negative terminal of the unit 7, across a line 16, and to a voltage divider. The voltage divider com-prises a fixed resistance 17 and a variable resistance 18 and is connected between the supply wires 4 and 5. ~hen currentsupplied by the current-supply unit 7 corresponds to n.J, the signal on the output 19 of the comparator 12 will be zero.
When the current supplied by said unit lies beneath the value n.J by an amount equal to at least one current unit J, the comparator 12 will deliver an output voltage which is supplied to an acoustic or optical alarm device 20, thereby obviating the need to constantly monitor the digital voltmeter.
Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of a constant-current regulator 6, one such regulator being incorporated in each of the fault-indicating systems and in the terminal circuit. The constant-current regulator is connected between the current-supply wires 4 and 5 and is provided with an adjustable resis-tance 21 through which the major part of the constant, or sub-stantially constant, current J passes, said current being char-acteristic of each fault-indicating system and the terminal circuit. In order for the current J to be held constant, the voltage across the resistance 21 shall be constant and the vol-tage control is effected by means of a zener diode 22 which is supplied with current over a FET 23 which is connected so as to operate as a current regulator. A further FET 24, which also operates as a current regulator, is arranged to supply an oper-ational amplifier 25 with working current and working voltage which is stabilized by means of a zener diode 26. The current through the zener diode 22 and through the operational amplifier 25 is much smaller than the current through the resistance 21, and hence the dependency of the field effect transistors 23 and 24 on temperature and voltage will not have any significant affect on the total current. The non-inverted input 27 of the amplifier 25 is connected to the reference diode 22, which diode, 1~"69~4 for example, has a working voltage of 6.8 volts. The inverted input 28 is connected to the resistance 21. Since, as is well known, the amplifier 25 endeavours to maintain the two inputs 27, 28 at equal voltages, the amplifier will control, via a transistor 29, the current through the resistance 21. Since the voltage across the zener diode 22 is held constant, the voltage across the resistance 21 will also be constant, as will also the current through the resistance 21. If, as shown in Figure 2, the resistance 21 is variable, the system can be readily adjusted to provide the desired constant current.
Figure 3 illustrates a complete fault-indicating circuit generally designated 60 having a constant-current regulator 6 of the described type. To prevent damage to the circuits in the event of wrongly connecting the supply lines, a diode 30 is provided between the supply line 5 and the constant-current reg-ulator The fault-indicating circuit, which is to indicate when the state of an object changes from a predetermined state, is connected between the constant-current regulator 6 and the nega-tive supply line 4. It is assumed here that the object to bemonitored is a building or a room which must be constantly illu-minated and that darkening of the room or building would con-stitute a change from said predetermined state, The sensing circuit includes a voltage divider having a potentiometer and a light-sensing body 32 whose resistance is changed with a change in light strength. The voltage divider 31, 32 is connected to a Schmitt-trigger 33 forming a voltage-level detector, said level detector controlling, via a transistor 34, a current-mode switch comprising the transistors 35 and 36. When the transistor 34 is conductive, current will flow through the relay winding 37 there-by holding a closing contact 38 closed. The contact 38 is con-nected in the line 5 and thus breaks the current to circuits located downstream of the contact, i.e. circuits to the right of the contact in Figure 3. See also Figure 1 in which this con-tact 38 is shown. The resistances 39 and 41 in the sensing circuit are identical and much higher than the resistance of the winding 37. The purpose of the resistances 39' and 41' is to provide a suitable working voltage for the transistors 35 and 36 respectively. The circuit also comprises a voltage stabilizer 42 for stablizing the voltage to the level detector 33. In its simplest form, the stabilizer 42 may comprise a zener diode.
The potentiometer 31 is used to set the threshold value of the level detector, i.e. the value at which the level detector shall be adjusted in dependence upon the change in resistance of the light-sensitive element 32. When the element 32 ceases to be illuminated, no current will be supplied to the relay winding 37, causing the relay contact 38 to be opened and all following fault-indicating systems and the terminal circuit to be discon-nected. A decrease in current corresponding to the number of disconnected circuits will be indicated in the central monitoring apparatus and consequently immediately a fault occurs an indica-tion is given as to where said fault has occurred. Since, in the illustrated case, the contact 38 is arranged in the last fault-indicating system of the chain, only the terminal circuit will be disconnected, said terminal circuit comprising a constant-current regulator 6, and the total current supplied to the supply lines 4 and 5 from the unit 7 will fall by a unit J, i.e. by the current normally consumed by the terminal circuit. Thus, the function of the terminal circuit is merely to provide the requi-site decrease in current when the last fault-indicating system 10~i95~
begins to operate, to show that a fault has occurred in said last ault-indicating system.
Figure 4 shows how the constant-current regulator 6 can be connected to a diode bridge 43-46 to enable arbitrary con-nection of the supply line.
Figure 5 illustrates a fault-identifying circuit for controlling the level of liquid in a tank 47. To this end there is provided two electrodes 48, 49 the lower ends of which shall normally lie above the surface 50 of the liquid. When the sur-face S0 rises above the ends of the electrodes as shown in Figure 5, the contact 38' (see Figure 1) is opened and dis-connects all following circuits. The circuit elements described with reference to Figure 3 have the previously given references and will not be described here. The most important difference between the circuit shown in Figure 3 and the circuit shown in Figure 5 resides in the fact that an oscillator 51 is provided.
The output signal from the oscillator 51 is supplied across a capacitor 52 to the electrode 49. The capacitor 52 filters out the d.c. voltage component of the output a.c. voltage, which may comprise, for example, a square wave or a sine wave, thereby avoiding polarization. The a.c. voltage is rectified by a rec-tifier 53 and charges a capacitor 54.
When there is no liquid between the electrode tips, the apparatus is in its predetermined state and the contacts 38' shall thus be closed. In order for the contact 38' in the illus-trated circuit to be closed in the determined state, it is necessary for the level detector 33 to be actuated and the tran-sistor 34 to conduct current. When the transistor 34 conducts current, the transistor 35 is cut off and the transistor 36 is conductive, current passing through the relay winding 37 and the contact 38' being held closed. When the level of liquid in tan~
1~16954 47 increases so that the tips of the electrodes 48, 49 are covered by the electrically conductive li~uid in the tank, there is formed a voltage divider comprising the internal resistance of the oscillator 51 and the resistance between the electrode tips, the voltage on the diode 53 and the capacitor 54 falling.
The capacitor 54 is discharged across a resistance 55 and when the input voltage to the level detector 33 has fallen to a specific value, the level detector 33 changes its state. The transistor 34 is cut off, the transistor 35 becomes conductive and the transistox 36 is cut off, the relay winding 37`being de-energized and the contact 38' being opened so as to give an alarm.
A further embodiment of a fault-indicating system is shown in Figure 6. In this embodiment, the sensing element com-prises a contact 56 which is arranged to close in the event, for example, of a fire in the building or room being monitored. In the normal state of the system of Fiqure 6, the constant-current generator 6 is supplied with current through the relay winding 37 as a result of current from the transistor 57. The resistance 58 has a substantially higher resistance than the relay winding 37. When the contact 56 is closed, current will pass through the resistance 58 and across the contact 56 instead of to the base of the transistor 57, whereupon the transistor is cut off and the current through the relay winding 37 is interrupted, the contact 38' being opened. When the contact 38' is opened, all following circuits are disconnected and a fault is indicated on the digital voltmeter 11 and an alarm given from the alarm de-vice 20.
Although a plurality of different circuits and different elements for sensing the predetermined, normal state of an object 10~6954 has been shown and illustrated, it will-be obvious to one of normal skill in the art that many modifications can be made within the scope of the invention.
Although the relay winding has been described as a quiescent current winding, arranged to hold an associated con-tact closed in the normal state of a fault-indicating system, it is also possible, of course, to first energize the winding when a fault or a deviation from said normal state is detected.
,,
Claims (7)
1. A monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices including:
a common two conductor circuit connecting said condi-tion sensing devices;
a monitoring apparatus connected to said common two conductor circuit and supplying current to said circuit;
each of said condition sensing devices including:
means to regulate the amount of current flowing there-through from said common two conductor circuit;
means to detect and react to any change from a normal condition being sensed; and means to interrupt the current to at least all following condition sensing devices in said circuit upon reaction of the condition sensing device to a change in a condition being sensed; and means formed as a part of said central monitoring appa-ratus for measuring and indicating the magnitude of current being supplied to said common two conductor circuit at any given time.
a common two conductor circuit connecting said condi-tion sensing devices;
a monitoring apparatus connected to said common two conductor circuit and supplying current to said circuit;
each of said condition sensing devices including:
means to regulate the amount of current flowing there-through from said common two conductor circuit;
means to detect and react to any change from a normal condition being sensed; and means to interrupt the current to at least all following condition sensing devices in said circuit upon reaction of the condition sensing device to a change in a condition being sensed; and means formed as a part of said central monitoring appa-ratus for measuring and indicating the magnitude of current being supplied to said common two conductor circuit at any given time.
2. The monitoring arrangement of claim 1 in which said means to regulate the amount of current flowing through each condition sensing device limits the current to essentially equal values for each sensing device.
3. The monitoring arrangement of claim 1 in which said means to interrupt the current to at least all following condition sensing devices in said circuit includes switch means located in one conductor of said circuit with the switch means movable between circuit closing and circuit interrupting posi-tions by the operation of relay means.
4. The monitoring arrangement of claim 3 in which the operation of said relay means is controlled by said means to de-tect and react to any change from a normal condition being sensed.
5. The monitoring arrangement of claim 4 in which said relay means are energized when said means to detect and react to any change from a normal condition being sensed detects a normal condition.
6. The monitoring arrangement of claim 4 in which said relay means are de-energized when said means to detect and react to any change from a normal condition being sensed detects a normal condition.
7. The monitoring arrangement of claim 6 in which said means to detect and react to any change from a normal condition being sensed changed its electrical resistance in response to a change in the condition being sensed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA280,253A CA1096954A (en) | 1977-06-10 | 1977-06-10 | Monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA280,253A CA1096954A (en) | 1977-06-10 | 1977-06-10 | Monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1096954A true CA1096954A (en) | 1981-03-03 |
Family
ID=4108861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA280,253A Expired CA1096954A (en) | 1977-06-10 | 1977-06-10 | Monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1096954A (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-06-10 CA CA280,253A patent/CA1096954A/en not_active Expired
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0463860B1 (en) | Faulted circuit detector having isolated indicator | |
| US4453159A (en) | Self-monitoring heat tracing system | |
| US6151560A (en) | Open circuit failure monitoring apparatus for controlled electrical resistance heaters | |
| US3991413A (en) | Constant current detector system | |
| US6233128B1 (en) | Data retention in a circuit breaker | |
| US5763858A (en) | Automatically controlled ice and snow melting system including a two-wire remote control | |
| US5751532A (en) | Intergrating reset overcurrent relay | |
| JP4618959B2 (en) | Automatic monitoring of high voltage signals | |
| US3973257A (en) | Apparatus for detecting changes in the electrical characteristics of sensor devices | |
| EP0440769A1 (en) | Processor controlled circuit breaker trip system having reliable status display. | |
| US4224606A (en) | Fluid level detector test switch | |
| US4761638A (en) | Means and method for detecting presence of electrically conductive fluid | |
| CA3004965A1 (en) | Method for determining thresholds of a state monitoring unit for a fire detection and/or extinguishing control center, state monitoring unit, and system comprising same | |
| US6567001B1 (en) | Fire control panel monitoring for degradation of wiring integrity during alarm state | |
| US4172252A (en) | Monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices | |
| US3913010A (en) | Means and method for measuring electrical-ground resistance between earth-separated locations | |
| EP0418321B1 (en) | A system and a method for detecting and locating liquid leaks | |
| CA1096954A (en) | Monitoring arrangement for monitoring a change from a normal condition of any one of a plurality of condition sensing devices | |
| US5122661A (en) | Method and apparatus for testing infrared radiation detectors | |
| US3029420A (en) | Network for monitoring alarm systems | |
| JPS62501990A (en) | Fault state detection method and circuit | |
| GB1583140A (en) | Automatic temperature control devices | |
| EP0333233B1 (en) | Method for detecting heater circuit malfunctions in a multi-component hot melt heating system | |
| US4298901A (en) | Resistive controller | |
| US3359457A (en) | Device for overload protection of electrical equipment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |