CA1096595A - Method and apparatus for manufacturing parts for rotary fluid machines - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for manufacturing parts for rotary fluid machinesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1096595A CA1096595A CA277,211A CA277211A CA1096595A CA 1096595 A CA1096595 A CA 1096595A CA 277211 A CA277211 A CA 277211A CA 1096595 A CA1096595 A CA 1096595A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vane
- rotation
- machine
- tool
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q27/00—Geometrical mechanisms for the production of work of particular shapes, not fully provided for in another subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B5/00—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor
- B23B5/36—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes
- B23B5/46—Turning-machines or devices specially adapted for particular work; Accessories specially adapted therefor for turning specially-shaped surfaces by making use of relative movement of the tool and work produced by geometrical mechanisms, i.e. forming-lathes for turning helical or spiral surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F15/00—Methods or machines for making gear wheels of special kinds not covered by groups B23F7/00 - B23F13/00
- B23F15/08—Making intermeshing rotors, e.g. of pumps
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
In rotary fluid machines in which the conversion of pressure energy of fluids is obtained by the circulation of at least two spaced vane members in at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in the form of a channel or groove, the rotary fluid part containing the channel is manufactured by a vane tool simulating the configuration of the vane members to be circulated in the channel and the rotary fluid machine part containing the vane member is manufactured by a disc tool simulating the configuration of the channels within which the vane members circulate. The method of manufacture employs a lathe machine combined with adapter mechanism permitting the vane or disc tools, as the case may be, to simulate the relative movement between the channelled part and the vane part in the rotary fluid machine. Where the channelled part for the rotary fluid machine requires undercut portions, the vane tool is of a reduced size, but otherwise simulates the actual vane, and the manufacture is accomplished by varying the angular displacement of the tool to either side of a normal center position so as to encompass the extremities of the law of movement of the actual vane member in the rotary fluid machine.
In rotary fluid machines in which the conversion of pressure energy of fluids is obtained by the circulation of at least two spaced vane members in at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in the form of a channel or groove, the rotary fluid part containing the channel is manufactured by a vane tool simulating the configuration of the vane members to be circulated in the channel and the rotary fluid machine part containing the vane member is manufactured by a disc tool simulating the configuration of the channels within which the vane members circulate. The method of manufacture employs a lathe machine combined with adapter mechanism permitting the vane or disc tools, as the case may be, to simulate the relative movement between the channelled part and the vane part in the rotary fluid machine. Where the channelled part for the rotary fluid machine requires undercut portions, the vane tool is of a reduced size, but otherwise simulates the actual vane, and the manufacture is accomplished by varying the angular displacement of the tool to either side of a normal center position so as to encompass the extremities of the law of movement of the actual vane member in the rotary fluid machine.
Description
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The object of this invention is a manufacturing process 1~ to ma~e pa-~s for rotary fluid machines and a manufacturing device to i~plement the process.
This invention relates particularly to rotative machines for fluids, driving or driven, ~here the working fluid is a liquid or a gas, which include a stator and a rotor, and the operation of !
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The object of this invention is a manufacturing process 1~ to ma~e pa-~s for rotary fluid machines and a manufacturing device to i~plement the process.
This invention relates particularly to rotative machines for fluids, driving or driven, ~here the working fluid is a liquid or a gas, which include a stator and a rotor, and the operation of !
2 the machine results rrom the cooperation of the vanes of vane
3 wheels placed in the rotor and sliding in spiral-like passages of ¦
4 revolution in the form of channels or ~rooves provided in thP
5 j stator, each channel having both an inlet and an outlet for the
6 l working fluid. The roles of the rotor and of the stator can be
7 ,, reversed, whereupon the "rotor" then remains immobile and the
8 ' "stator" becomes mobile.
9 It is difficult to manufacture the aforesaid rotary fluid
10 ; machine part containing the spiral-like channels or grooves by
11 conventional machining. Moreover, the difficul~y increases the
12 '- more the cross section of the channel to be obtained has a configu-l
13 , ra~ion which limits the possibility of an axial feed of a machining
14 tool in relation to the disc in which the channels are to be
-15 formed.
16 The manufacturing of the channels or grooves in a disc
17 or similar items is most often done by milling. In this case, one
18 or more milling cutters turning at high speed around their own
19 ; axes are put into movement in relation to the disc so as to . , i
20 ,; generate the desired trajectory. However, to create the
21 il aforesaid channels by milling requires a great number of work
22 feeds to generate in successive movements different limiting
23 l, surfaces and also to generate different channels. Such a process
24 ,, of manufacturing is, thereforel long ar.d delicate and difficult
25 1 to achieve. It generates difficult tooling problems and very
26 il often does not result in channels which have the desired sealing
27 , while cooperating with the vane members or similar devices.
28 ¦ The present invention proceeds from tne very simple
29 concept of providing, for the manufacture of the rotary fluid machine part containing the aforesaid spiral-like channels or ~ski-8 ~Q~
1 grooves, an assembly which reproduces, from the cinematic point r 2 of view, the rotative machine itself, having as one of its 3 ~ elements a disc member and, as another element, a "vane" tool 4 )jhaving branches or sectors similar in configuration to the vanes 5 I!of the vane wheels which circulate in the spiral-like channels of 6 ~ the rotary fluid machine. By imposing on the disc and on the 7 Ivane tool the same law of movement as that projected for the 8 ! rotary fluid machine, the branches or sectors of the vane tool g ' machine into ~he disc spiral-like channels which will precisely cooperate with the configuration and movement of the vanes of the , 11 vane wheels of the rotary fluid machine.
12 With the present invention, the machining of the disc 13 ,is then a simple planing or turning operation, providing 14 simultaneous production of all the spiral-like passa~es required for the disc which is to form either the rotor or stator o~ the 16 rotary fluid machine. Such an operation can be carried out at 17 ; high speed, which leads to fast production of the discs containing !
18 , the spiral-like channels or grooves. The machining can be done 19 in one work feed or in several successive phases of work.
20 ,~ The present invention thus relates, in particular, to 21 li a machining process which comprises a first phase during which 22 a multiplicity of channels spiral-li~e in form, are machined on 23 i,.a disc by a tool having the configuration of a vane wheel and at 24 ¦1 least one subsequent phase during which the same tool is used to 25 ¦,perform a complementary machinin~ operation.
26 1i The present invention also provides for z novel machine 27 ~ to achieve the aforesaid manufacturlng process. It has a general ¦
28 " organization of a lathe with a part-holder driven by the spindle 29 of the lathe and a cross slide with ~oolholder carried by the saddle of the lathe. A vane tool comprising several branches or B _ 3 _ , ~Q ~ 6 ~ 5 1 or sector~, similar to ~he general c~nfiguration o~ a vanP ~7heel of the rotary fluid machine, is carried by the cross slide 3 , toolholder and rotated around an axis, the position of the aYiS
4 , in relation to the disc corresponding with the position of a vane j 5 11 wheel in the rotor of the rotary fluid machin~ circulating in 6 , spiral-like passages formed in the stator of the rotaEy .luid 7 ', machine. Means are provided for putting the vane tool into 8 I rotation according to a law of motion which is identical to that 9 ' of the vane wheel during the relative rotation of tne stator ; and rotor of the rotary fluid machine.
11 : The present invention also provides for a novel machine 12 , structure having means to vary the law of movement of the 13 aforesaid tool and disc member on one side and on the other of 14 the law of movement corresponding to the predetermined oper~.ion of the rotary fluid machine. This variation is utilized to obtain 16 the spiral-like passages in a form which is different from the ,: . I
17 i form of the vane tool but which will correspond to the form of 18 the vanes of the vane wheels of the projected rotary fluid machinei 19 j The present invPntion also provides for an adapter 20 li mechanism which enables an easy and rapid transfo~mation of an 21 ¦! ordinary lathe into a machine for manufacturing a machine part 22 1 with spiral-like passages of revolution in the form of channels 23 j or grooves.
24 li The invention provides for machining by using a vane 25 li tool having sectors of special shape which are adapted to machine 26 1l channels or gooves whose side wall s~lrfaces have different or 27 ' varying slopes. ' 28 l, Thus, the invention contemplates a vane tool structure 29 in which the separate branches or sectors are of different configurations, and each branch participates in the machining of ~ of the portions of the spiral-like channels for which it r~as 2 designed, 3 ; It will thus be seen that the present invention resolves, 4 ,, the difficulty of machining the parts of rotar~ fluid machines in '' which the cooperation of a vane or similar member with a wall of 6 a channel in which the fluid flows, takes place along different 7 zones of the vane, the location of the zone being a function of L~e 8 position of the vane during its circulation relative to the channel.
9 - In order to obtain a satisfactory sealing along its trajectory, a vane or a similar part has a rounded edge and the 11 cooperation of this edge with the wall of the channel takes place 12 on different generating lines.
13 The presen~ invention also contemplates the provision 14 of a vane tool characterized by a multiplic~ty of cutting edges which correspond to the different generating lines of the vane 16 which are to cooperate with the channels of the disc in a rotary 17 , fluid machine.
18 In one embodiment of the invention, the vane tool 19 1i includes a plurality of branches or sectors which differ between j themselves by the position of the cutting edges. A machine with-21 ~, the same vane tool thus allows for the manufacture of a suitable 22 ,I channel for cooperating with a v~ne having rounded edges or sides.l 23 1l According to another embodiment OI the invention, cutting 24 I~!edges at different positions are provided on differen~ vane tools ~5 liwhich are successively mounted on the toolholder of the cutting 26 ,,machine.
27 1 The presen~ invention also provides for the manufacture ¦
28 ' of the vane wheels for rotary fluid machines including a part 29 containing passages of revslution in the form of channels or grooves, by machining a circular blank of the wheel with a plate 1~ - 5 -tool having the cutting edges distributed on the surfaces limiting portions of the spiral-like channels similar to those of the rotary fluid machine part with which the wheel being cut is to cooperate. The law of movement imposed between the plate tool with cutting edges and the blank is the same as the law of movement between the rotary fluid machine part with the channels and the vane wheels of the rotary fluid machine.
It will also be understood that the present invention may be utilized in any rotary fluid machine in which the channels are formed on a cylinder, a cone, or a portion of a sphere. Thus, the invention is useful in centrifugal machines generally.
Objects and advantages of the invention are set forth in part herein and in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice with the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appended claims.
The invention consists in the novel processes, parts, constructions, arrangements, combinations and improvements herein shown and described.
It will be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description as well are exemplary and explanatory of the invention but are not restrictive thereof.
The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for the manufacture of a machine part containing a spiral-like passage of revolution in a rotary fluid machine in which the conversion of pressure energy of fluids is obtained by the 28 circulation of at least two spaced vane members in at least one ~ 6 -spiral-like passage of revolution in the form of a channel defined by a pair of rib members having top surfaces and side walls, and wherein the vane members are parts o at least two vane wheels each of which is mounted for rotation about its own axis in a first part of the machine, the spiral-like passages of revolution are formed in a second part of the machine and at least one of the first and second parts of the machine is rotatable, and wherein the spiral-like passages of revolution are generated by a combined rota-tion of the vane members about the axis o* rotation of their respective vane wheels and by rotation of the first part of the machine in relation to the second part of the machine.
The method for the manufacture of the machine part containing the spiral-like passages of revolution by a turning operation is comprised of the steps of: providing at least one vane tool having cutting sectors formed in the shape of the vane members of the vane wheels of the machine, providing a blank member to be formed into the second part of the machine, rotating the blank member about a first axis of rotation which is in the same direction as that of the relative rotation between the first and second parts of the machine, rotating the vane tool about a second axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the axis of rotation of the vane wheels in the first part of the machine, and bringing the rotating vane tool into cutting engagement with the rotating blank member according to the same combined relative law of movement as between the rotating vane wheels and the relative rotation between the first and second parts of the machine during operation of the machine, whereby the vane tool cutting sectors cut into the blank member in a direction normal to the direction of rotation of the second axis of rotation to thereby cut in the manner of a turning operation at least one channel in the blank member which forms the at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in which the at least two spaced vane members circulate during operation of the rotary fluid machine.
The apparatus for the manufacture of the machine part containing the spiral-like passages of revolution is defined as: at least one vane tool having cutting sectors formed in the shape of the vane members of the vane wheels of the machine, means mounting a blank member to be formed into the second part of the machine for rotation about a first axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the relative axis of rotation between the first and second parts of the machine, means mounting the vane tool for rotation about a ;~ second axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the axis of rotation of the vane wheels in the first part of the machine, means bringing the rotating vane tool into cutting engagement with the ~otating blank member according to the same combined relative law of movement as between the rotating vane wheels and the relative rotation between the first and second parts of the machine during operation of the machine, whereby the vane tool cutting sectors cut into the blank member in a direction normal to the direction of rotation of the second axis of rotation to thereby cut in the manner of 28 a turning operation at least one channel in the blank member - 7a -, ~$9~
which forms at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in which the at least two spaced vane members circulate during operation of the rotary fluid machine.
The accompanying drawings, referred to herein and constituting a part hereof, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a schematic view of a stator for a rotary fluid machine in -the form of a disc having spiral-like passages - 7b -of revolution in the f ~ ~ ~ nels or grooves;
~ FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary schematic view o~ a por~ion ~-3 l' of a rotor for a rotary fluid machine having a vane wheel adzpted 4 ll to cooperate with the stator shown in Figure l;
5 1 FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary schematic view, partly in 6 ~ section, of a portion of the rotor shown in Figure 2;
7 ,' FIGURE 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary schematic view, 8 l, partly in elevation and partly in cross section, of a channel of 9 ,, the stator shown in Figure 1, the channel being defined by side ana 10 ,, bottom walls formed.by the disc and a top wall formed by the 11 , cooperating rotor shown in Figure 2;
12 ' FIGURE 5 is a schematic view in elevation of a disc to 13 ~ be machined according to the method and means of the present 14 ' invention;
15 .. FIGURE 6 is a view in elevation of the machining device , 16 " of the invention;
17 .. FIGURE 7 is a plan view of the machine shown in Figure 6, 18 . FIGURE 8 is aschematic view of the vane tool of the , -19 il invention;
20 1! FIGURE 9 is an enlarged view in cross section of the 21 1! vane shown in Figure 2;
22 1l FIGURE 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the vane 23 l, tool shown in Figure 8, and further shows in cross section the 24 ,,config~ration of its different vane branches or sectors;
25 jl FIGURE 11 is a view in front elevation of a stator 26 ¦~with spiral~ e passages formed therein according to the method 27 i~of the invention and utilizing the vane tool shown in Figure 10;
28 , FIGURE 12 is a view analogous to Figure 25, showing 29 " another cn~nnel structure for a stator for a rotary fluid machine ¦ ~`` formed according to the invention;
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FIGVRE 13 is z fragmentary schematic view in 2 perspective of another embodiment of a vane tool according to tn 3 invention having divergent edges;
4 , FIGURE 14 is 2 schematic view illustrating the first i phase of the method of manufacture of the invention;
6 ¦ FIGURE 15 is a view similar to Figure 14, illustrating 7 ,'the second phase of the method of manufacture of the invention, 8 ~, FIGURE 16 is a view similar to Figures 14 and 15, 9 . illustrating the third phase of the method of manufacture of the invention; -11 FIGURE 17 is a view similar to Figures 14-16, illustrat-12 ing the final phase of the ~ethod of manufacture of the invention;~
13 FIGURE 18 is a view in front elevation of a vane wheel 14 for a rotary fluid machine;
FIGURE 19 is a schematic view of an adapter mechanism 16 . according to the invention mounted on a conventional lathe for 17 . carrying out the method of manufacture of the invention;
18 " FIGURE 20 is a view in a schematic section of a vane 19 i,member;
~ I' FIGURE 21 is a schematic view concerning a frontal 21 ¦i edge of a vane member;
22 tl FIGURE 22 is a perspective view of a vane tool ~ith 23 I branches constructed in accordance with the invention;
24 1l FIGURE 23 is a fragment2ry schematic view,partly in ''se~tion, illustrating the machining of a cylinder according to the 26 1l method of manufacture OI the invention; -27 il F-LGURE 24 shows a cylinder mounted lor ~achining 28 according to the method of manufacture of the invention;
29 ~ FIGURE 25 is a fragmentary schematic view in axial section illustrating the manufacturing o a disc of a centrifugal ' -- B g . , .
s machine according to the method of manufacture of the invention;
FIGURE 26 is a front view of the aisc shown in Figure 25; and FI~URE 27 is a view of a plate tool constructed according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention provides, among other things, for the machining of a stator 11 with spiral-like passages of revolution in the form of channels or grooves, the center lines of which are schemati2ed at 121, 122, 123, 124 on Figure 1. The passages 121, 122, 123 and 124 connect a central fluid opening 13 of the disc with one or more peripheral fluid openings 14.
Circulating in the channels 121, 122, 123 and 124 are vanes 15 of the vane wheels 16 (Figures 2 and 3), the latter being -housed in the slots 17 made in a rotor 18 mounted for rotation relative to the stator 11 about the axis 19. The rotor 18 has on its side in front of the stator 11, a surface 21 which cooperates sealingly with the surface 22 of the stator 11 (see Figure 4). The surface 22 is prolonged by side wall surfaces 23 and 24 (Figure 4) which define, with the bottom 25, a channel or groove 12.
In the structure shown schematically in Figures 2 and 4, the surfaces 21 and 22 are planar. In other structures, the cooperating surfaces of the rotor and stator are curved and form a surface of revolution about axis 19. Each of the vane wheels 16 is independently mounted for rotation about 27 its own axis 26, which is transverse to axis 19.
~3 - 10 -It will be understood that Figures 1-4 schematically illustrate stator and rotor elements for a rotary fluid machine, in which the rotor 18 houses one or more vane wheels 16 having a plurality of vanes 15 which circulate in spiral-like passages of revolution 121-124 in the form of channels or grooves, all of which elements are described and illustrated in detail in one or more of my previously issued U.S. patents 3,904,331, granted September 9, 1975; 4,061,449, granted December 6, 1977; 4,090,825, granted May 23, 1978. Also it will be understood that Figure 1 is only a schematic illustration of a stator, which is repre-sentative of the stators disclosed in my prior patent and in Figures 11 and 12. As is more fully described hereinafter, Figure 11 is a detailed showing of a stator formed from the tool of Figure 10 and Figure 12 is a detailed showing of a stator element formed from the tools of Figures 14-17 and 22, all in accordance with the present invention.
For the machining of the channels or the grooves according to the method of the invention, a disc 20 to be machined, shown in Figure 5, is secured to th.e part-holder 31 of a spindle 32 of a lathe, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
The disc 20 therefore rotates around the horizontal axis 33.
The saddle 34 of the lathe can be displaced in one direction or the other by the axial feed means 35. On the saddle 34 . is mounted a cross slide 36 which.can be adjusted transversely by the cross feed means 37. On the cross slide 36 is mounted ; 27 a toolholder 38 carrying a vane tool 39.
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In accordance with the invention, van~ tool 39, shown in greater detail in Figures 8 and 10, has the shape of a rotary fluid machine vane wheel, described and shown in greater detail in my aforementioned U.S. patent 4,090,825 at Figures 10-15, i.e. it comprises branches or sectGrs 41 which have a contour corresponding fundamentally to the contour of the vanes of a vane wheel 16 ~Figure 2) intended to circulate within the channels to be formed in the disc 20. Vane tool 39 is fixed on the vertical axis 42 of the toolholder 38, which is distant from the axis 33, and is driven for rotation about axis 42 by a positive transmission taken from the driving mechanism of the spindle 32 such as, for example, spline shaft 40, shown in Figure 7, powered directly from the gear box of the lathe.
A law of movement is imposed between the axis 42 of toolholder 38 and the spindle 32, which is identical to the relative movement which takes place between the stator and the vane wheels housed by the rotor auring the operation of the rotary fluid machine for which the stator is being machined.
This movement is described in greater detail in my aforementioned : previously issued patents. t The initial position of the vane tool 39 is adjusted by the controls 37. By approaching progressively the saddle 34 to the disc 20 by acting on the axial feed controls 35, vane tool 39 forms, by its branches or sectors 41, spiral-like channels 12 in the materail of the disc 20, the cross sections of which are conjugated with the contour of the operating portions of the 28 vane tool sectors 41.
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When the desired depth is reached, the saddle 34 is displaced in the opposite direction, which removes the sectors 41 from the grooves just formed. It will be understood that the adjustment of the position of vane tool 39 and its feeding movement into cutting engagement with disc 20 may be accomplished manually by an operator or automatically by suitable mechanical, hydraulic or electric 8 means, not shown and not deemed to be a part of the invention.
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1 In the structure sho~m on ~igure 6, the ~,ean pl~ne ~f ~ the body of the vane tool 39 is above the aY.is of rotation 33, 3 ; However, the invention provides for a mode of machining in ~Jhicn 4 ,, this mean plane passes through the axis 33 or below iL, ~ Figure 9 shows on an enlarged scale a cross section of 6 ~ the vane 15 of a vane wheel i6 which is intended to circulate 7 ,I within the channels being machined in disc 20, The edges 42 and 8 ; 42~ of the vane 15 are rounded and cooperate with the lateral 9 walls or flanks of the channels of the stator by diffPrent generating lines depending on the position of the vane in a channel 11 . of the stator, 12 ,, For the construction of the vane tool 39 with five 13 branches or sectors 41, there are chosen along sections 42 and 14 42' of the edges of vane 15, in addition to the extremities 42.2 ', and 42.3, three other equidistant points, namely 42,1 half way 16 between 42,2 and 42,3, 42.4 e~uidistant from 42.1 and 42,2 and 42,$
17 ' equidistant from 42,1 and from 42,3. The same procedure is done 18 , on the opposite edge 42'. A transversal edge 43.1 of ~he branch 19 , 41.1 of the vane tool 39 has a shape of a flat hexagon (Figure 10), 20 ' having opposite apexes 47.1 and 47'.1 corresponding to points I -21 ¦, 42.1 and 42'.1 on vane 15 in Figure 9. The sides of vane 15 22 " originating in these two apexes, 44.1 and 45.1 on one side and 23 44'.1 and 45'.1 on the other, are oblique to satisfy the conditions 24 ~, of machining of the tool 43.1 and are connected together by the 1, long sides 46.1 and 46'.1. The branch 41.1 of the vane tool 39 26 ',j is, therefore, opera~ive in the section 43.1 by its edges 47.1 27 !l and 47l.1;
28 i~ In the same way, the branch 41,2 of the vane tool 3g is 29 operative, in the plane 43.2, by its edges 47.2 and 47'.2 which : corresponds to the angles 42.2 and 42'.2 of the vane 15; the . - 13 -, branch 41.3 has edges as shown in 47.3 and 47'.3 on the section made by the plane 43.3 which correspond to angles 42.3 and 42'.3 of vane 15; branch 41.4 has edges as shown in 47.4 and 47'.4 which correspond to angles 42.4 and 42l.4 of vane 15; and branch 41.5 has edges as shown in 47.5 and 47'.5 which correspond to angles 42.5 and 42'.5 of vane 15.
The invention contemplates the provision of tools having branches or sectors of different configurations for different phases of machining; rought machining, normal machining and, if needed, finishing machining, more fully described hereinafter.
Also in accordance with the invention, there is provided a law of movement in relation to the number of branches or sectors of the vane tool and in relation to the number of the channels to be machined so that the same branch or sector successively machines all the different channels to be made.
This is the case, for example, when the vane tool has five branches and the disc to be machined has four channels. In , other words, a five branch tool can cut one, two, three, four or any number of channels in the disc member, depending on the ratio of rotation of the tool to the rotation of the disc member. It is, however, advantageous with a five branch tool to cut four channels since each branch of the tool will then cut each channel. Such an operation avoids the reposi-tioning of the tool to cut each channel as each edge of each branch of the tool is different and designed to give the full contour of the profile of the vane of the vane wheel which later 28 will be in sliding cooperation with the ribs and bottom of B
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the channel in the stator.
Also in accordance with the invention, means are provided for angular displacement of the vane tool about its own axis of rotation after a cut so that one branch of the vane tool plays the role o~ another branch. Alternatively, or in addition, the disc member may be angularly displaced about its axis of rotation.
Figure 11 shows a disc or stator 48 with channels obtained with a vane tool as shown On Figure 10 in accordance with the invention. The stator 48 has channels 49, one extremity of which emerges into a central opening 50 and the other extremity ends at the periphery 51. Lines 52 and 53 represent the intersections of the side walls of the channels with the frontal face 54 of the stator.
In accordance with the invention means are provided for machining channels or grooves in a part for a rotary fluid machine whose cross sections are such that conventional machining with a tool having a shape corres-ponding to the shape of the channels would cause, during the axial feed, an excessive removal of material which would finally not permit the desired profile for the groove or the channel to be obtained. This is the case when the bottoms of the channels are wider than the distance between their sides at the tops. A rotary fluid machine which has a stator with channels satisfying this condition has a dis-charge flow whlch is particularly high.
~Q965~i Such a stator is shown in ~igure 12. The channel 55 connecting the central orifice 56 with the periphery 57 is limited, in addition to the bottom 58, by two lateral walls.
If,for example, for the portion 59 of the lateral wall 50 close to the periphery 57, a tool as schematized in 61 with its operative edge 62 was machining the portion 59 close to the bottom 58, it would remove, at the beginning of the cutting, an excessive portion of the material not allowing at the end to keep the material which forms the front side 63 of the channel To machine such a disc, the invention provides fora way which departs from the size of the actual vane 71 (Figure 13) of a vane wheel 110 (Figure 18) designed to cooperate 'r ~
with the channels 55. The vane 71 has a frontal side 72, fit to cooperate with the bottomi58, wider than the sections which are closer to the root of the vane. The section closest to ~-- the body of the vane wheel is shown at 73. The lateral sides 74 and 75 of the vane 71 are here in the shape of a truncated cone, the axis of the trunc of the cone being mean line 76 of the vane. In this event, in accordance with the invention, there is provided a vane tool having simulated vanes of reduced size, which are less divergent than the vane 71, and the sides 7Z and 78 of which are on the trunc of the cone of the axis 76, with smaller apex angle of thé cone. The reduction of the divergence is chosen such that the simulated vane 79 corresponds in scale to the vane of a vane wheel of a rotary B
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fluid ~achine in which the channels of ~he stator can be obtained by machinlng, as here above expla'ined. Starting with this reduced, size van~, a tool is designed with branches or sectors as defined !
above with reference to Figures 9 and 10.
Referring now ~ore particularly to Figures 14-17, there is illustrated a method of ~anufac~ure according to the invention utilizing a tool 101 of the invention-constructed as ', described above. Thus, the branches 102 correspond to the aforesaid reduced-size simulated vane 79 ~d ~e ra~al edges 103 and 104 are only slightly divergent, i.e. depart slightly from parallelism. By a longitudin21 displacement of the saddle 34 in the direction shown by the arrow f, (Figure 14), the vane tool 101 cuts in the disc 20 spiral-like grooves whose cross sections are conjugated with those of branches 102. The direction of rotation i of the vane tool 101 about its axis 99 is shown by the arrow fl.
Figure 15 corresponds to the second phase of machining according to the method of the invention. It is distinct from the¦
first phase, simply, by the introduction into the transmission, interposed between the spindle 32 of the machine tool rotating around the axis 33 and the axis 42 of the toolholder 38 on which is mounted the vane tool 101, of a progressive var-ation which additionally advances the v2ne tool 101 in rotation in relation i~to the disc 20 in the direction shown by the dotted arrow f2.
During this second phase, tne side walls 105 of the groove, which have been cut during the first phase by the edges 104, upstream .
of the edges 103 if the reference is the rotation of the tool lGl, 2 are no longer cut.
! On the other hand, the edges 103, do~mstream, are in 4 ,. operation due to the advancement in rotation introduced. In this !
5 ! way, the cross sections of the grooves become bigger than the 6 1 cross sections of the individual bra~ches 102 of the tool At the~
i!
7 ,, end of the second phase, a channel or groove is limited, by the 8 l lateral wall 105 and by the lateral wall 106; the latter being g at a greater distance from the wall 105 than the distance between the edges 103 and 104 of the tool 101 " - ;
ll . During the third phase of machining according to the 12 method of the inven~ion, depicted in Figure 16, the transmissio~
13 between the axis 33 and the axis 42 is progressively modified, 14 but in the opposite direction to the modification introduced in the second phase~ i e. a delay in rotation is imposed as schema-16 '' tized by the dotted arrow f3.
17 li In this third phase~ the edges 104 become operative, 18 , while the edges 103 are inoperative The lateral walls 106 are I
19 1l no longer machined, but the latPral walls 105 are cut by the 20 1l edges 104 till the wall 107 is obtained The resulting cross 21 ~! section of the channel is thus still bigger than that obtained 22 ll in the second phase 23 ,l In the final phase of machining according to the 24 ', method of the invention, depicted in Figure 17, the transmission 25 li between the axis 33 and the axis 42 is brought back to its ini tial 26 l, position It is, then, possible to remove the tool from the 27 channels by a transla~ion of the saddle 34 as sho~m by the 28 l' arrow f' 29 ' The advances and delays in rotation of the second and third phases of machining corresponds to the passage from the B 1~-~imulated vane 79 on Figure 15 to the real vane 71.
A disc with spiral-like grooves obtained in this way can then cooperate with a vane wheel whose vanes are the size and shape of vanes 71. Such a vane wheel 110 is shown in Figure 18.
It will be understood that the axial feed as well as retardation or acceleration of the tool in relation to the rotation of the disc member can be done manually by the operator or automatically by suitable mechanical, hydraulic or electric means, not shown and not deemed to be a part of the invention.
Figure 19 shows schematically an adaptor according to the invention which, in combination with an ordinary lathe, enables a disc to be machined with spiral-like passages in the several phases as described above.
To this end, the frame 201 of a conventional lathe is traversed by a tubular spindle shaft 203, put into rotation and held in the bearings 204 and ~05. Inside the tubular shaft 203 is mounted a stationary shaft 202. Shaft 202 can be adjusted angularly about its longitudinal axis 206 by a lever 207 which can be located in several predetermined positions by an elastic pin 208 cooperating with the corresponding housings 209 fixed to the frontal face 210 of the frame. A plate 212 is fixed to the head 211 of the annular shaft 203. The said plate 212 has fi~edly mounted to its external frontal surface 213 26 and a shaft 214 about which gear 215 is mounted for rotation.
B
Gear 215 in turn engages with gear 216 secured to the extremity of the shaft 202. A conical gear 217 is also mounted for rotation about shaft 214 and engages a conical gear 218 secured to shaft 219 which is mounted for rota-tion in a bearing 20 situated at the extremity of the support 221 fixed to the plate 212. On the other extremity 222 of the shaft 219 of the gear 218 is mounted a vane tool 223 with its branches; which may be, for example, identical to the tool shown in either Figure 10 or Figure 22. The vane tool cuts a disc 224 to make a stator with channels.
The disc 224 is mour.ted on a support 225, the latter being mounted on the saddle 226 of the lathe. The axial feed of the saddle 226 is controlled by the hand-wheel 227.
The saddle 226 is carried by the carriage 228 mounted ~Q~
~ slidingly on the bench 229 of the lathe. The cro~s 4eed i5 2 controlled by the hand-wheel 230.
3 l~ Once the first phase of machining is over, which 4 I~corresponds to the median position of the handle 207, the SecGn~
5 liphase is obtained by an angular displacement in a predetermined 6 ,Idirection o the stationary shaft 202 by the action on -the handle ¦
7 207. To free the handle 207, the elastic pin 208 is removed.
8 Il~Then, after the second phase, the third phase is carried on by g lla rotation of the handle 207 in the opposite direction. The f 10 fourth phase, the removal of the vane tool 223, is obtained by 11 bringing the handle to its central position. The disc 224, the .. . .
12 ;machining of which is finished, is then carried away by the i !
1~ ' action on the hand-wheel 230.
14 While using such adapter mechanism, the disc 224 is stationary except -for preliminary adjustments and axial feed.
. . , 16 The law of m~ve~ent is transmitted by the adapter mechanism , -.; , 17 Idirectly to the vane tool with its branches.
18 ~ Figure 20 shows a section of a vane of the vane wheel i!
19 for a rotary fluid machine, the section made through planes , transverse to the mean plane which are asymmetrical instead of 21 1I being symmetrical, in relation to the said mean plane, as was the 22 '~case in the structures previously described.
, i 23 'l, Such a cross section 231 comprises, on the upstream sidej 24 ¦1 a portion 232 with a rela~ivPly small radius of curvature and, cn ¦
, the downstream side, a portion 233 with a larger radius of 1, 26 !, curvature. The mean plane 236, parallel to the do~mstream f2ce 237 27 '' and to the upstream face 238 of the vane, is not perpendicular 28 j to either the external surface 239 of the channel or to the 2~ ' internal face 241 of the channel.
I A rotary fluid machine with vane wheels, the vanes of 1 which have a contour as just defined'in reference to FigurP 20, ~, - ~ takes advantage of the oil wedge and of the suction effPct 3 caused by the circulation of a vane in a spiral-like channel ;~ 4 1 of the stator, It is beneficial for the operation of tne ~¦
5 j machine. f 6 j The branches of a vane tool ~or the machining of 7 l~ the channels with which will cooperate such vanes, are defined 8 1', in the same manner as explained above.
g , Thus, as shown in Figure 21, the front por,ion of the 10 ; branches or sectors of the tool is defined by the front sid-e 111 .. - . !
11 of'a vane, The latter is a portion of a spherical surface limited 12 ' by two arcs 112 and 113 centered on the mean line 114 of the vane 13 ' and also by rectilinear sides 115 and 116, A first branch of 14 the tool comprises an edge 115.1 corresponding to the straight line which joins- the extremities 112.1 and 113.1 of the arcs 112 16 ' and 113. Another branch of the tool comprises an edge 115.2 17 , which connects points 112.2 and 113.2. A third branch corresponds 18 ,, to the straight line 115.3 which connects points 112.3 and 113.3.
19 ' A fourth edge corresponds to the straight line 115.4 joining the 20 ¦¦ points 112.4 and 113.4. A fifth edge corresponds to the straight 21 !¦ line 115.5 joining the points 115.5 and 113.5.
22 ,' A vane tool 301 is shown on a smaller scale in Figure 22.
23 il It comprises five branches or sectors 302.1-302.5. The edges 24 11 of each of the branches are represented by dark lines. On the 5 ili branch 302.1 the lateral edges 316.1, 317.1 and the front edge 26 jl 318.1 are connected together between the back face 319, lateral 27 ,~ faces 320 and 321 and front face 322 of the branch. On the 28 l'branch 302.3, for example, the lateral edges 316.3 and 3i7.3 29 !~ and also the front edge 318.3 are located at the center of the thickness of the branch.
65~5 1 ~ It will be understood that~the manufac~uring prscess, , the machining device and the vane tool's of the invention, a~ s 3 described above, apply also to the machining of spiral-like 4 ' passages in a body of revolu~ion as a cylinder, a cone or a 5 portion of a sphere.
Thus, there is shown in Figures 23 and 24, a cylindrical 7 blank 321 having its front faces 322 and 323 held between lathe- ¦
8 , centers 324 and 324' and is therefore, put into rotation. The 9 machining is done by the branch or sector 325 of th~ vane tool :: , 10 326 mounted for rotation around the axis 327. The arrow f 11 schematizes the direction of the feed during the machining. The 12 law of movement between the rotation of cylindrical blank 321 13 around the axis 324-324' and the rotation of vane tool 326 around , 14 the axis 327 corresponds to the predetermineZ relative movement ,, - 15 between the cylinder 321 with grooves and the vanes or the 16 ; cooperating walls engaging the grooves in a rotary fluid machine. j -17 , Figure 24 shows the grooves 328 obtained by machining blank 321 18 with tool 326.
19 , The dotted lines 329 and 330 on Figure 23 show schematically the additional machining obtained by an advancement i t 21 ,, or retardation in rotation imposed on the tool 326. This is to ¦ i 22 !; obtain channels the walls of which diverge frc.m their external 23 sides resultirtgin a rotary luid machine with high discharge 24 ',, flow, as previously described.
25 " ~he invention also provides for the manufacturing of 26 i, centrifugal and centripetal impellers. Figure 25 shows such an 27 ', impeller being manufactured according to the i~vention. To that 28 ~ end, the impeller is mounted for rotation about the axis 333 29 between lathe-centers, schematized at 331 and 332. The vane tool is mounted for rotation about the axis 334 perpendicular ~Q~65~S
wski-8 ~ 6~
to th axis 333. The vane tool co~prises branches or sectors 2 ~ 335. The work feed is schematized by ~he arrow . The ~rrGw 1 3 j, schematizes the adjustment o the tool before the machining 4 ll The dotted lines 336 and 337 on Figure 25 represent I schematically the positions of the lateral edges of the ~ranch 6 or sector 335 of the tool during the second and third phases of 7 ,, the mzcnining according to the method of the invention in a case 8 , when channels with divergent sides are to be obtained. The -g channels 338 which are thus obtained are lim~ by the walls 339, , shown in Figure 26.
11 ' The invention also provides for the manufacture of 12 vane wheels for circulating in spiral-like chann~s or grooves of 13 a rotary fluid machine. The vane wheels are manufactured from 14 circular blanks by utilizing as a tool a disc derived from the disc of a rotary fluid machine having channels or grooves formed 16 i therein with which the vane wheel to be manufactured is to ; 17 ' cooperate when in use. To this end, to obtain, for example, 18 j, vane wheels fit to cooperate with a disc having spiral-like 19 ll channels such as shown in Figure 12, the departing point is the 20 li said disc. Thus, referring particularly to Figure 27, a disc 21 ¦I tool 341 is first machined, having the general shape of a disc 22 I with ribs 342.1 to 342.5 regularly distributed angularly around 23 1 the axis 43. The said disc 341 is made of tool material.
24 ~i typical rib 342 has a general shape similar to that of a rib 25 j bordering the channels 55 of the actual disc shown in Figure 12.
26 ¦I However, only the portion 344 of the rib is conser~ed. This 27 I portion corresponds, when viewed by an observer situated in tne 28 l' direction of the axis of rotation of the said disc at infinity, 29 to the visible portion which is shown on Figure 12 with hori~ontal~
, hatching. The rib 342 of the disc tool 341 is therefore limited ~ by the surface 355 which corr~sponds ~o the said portion The 2 surface 355 is prolonged by a curved surface 356 ~hose generating 3 , lines are parallel to the axis 343.
4 jl ~he internal surface of the rib 342 comprises a port~on 5 11i 357 which corresponds to the visible portion 60 of the rib of 6 ' the stator shown in Figure 12. Starting from the line 358, which 7 , is the extremity of the visible portion, the internal surface 8 1i of the rib 342 is a curved surface 359. The directrix of the 9 curved surface 359 is the intersection 63 of the invisible 10 i portion 59 of the stator with the bottom 58 of the channel 55 11 in Figure 12. The directrix of the curved surface 356 is formed 12 ;by the intersection 64 of the external plane of the rib of the 13 . stator with the bottom 55 in Figure 12. A rib tool 342 is thus 14 ~ defined.. The different rib tools 342.1, 342.2, etc. to 342.5 of the disc tool 341 have edges defined in the same manner ab 16 explained above so as to define the edges of the branches of a 17 1 tool with branches.
18 In the same manner, the bottom 361 of the disc tool 341 19 1, has cutting edges, some of them being shown by 362. These edges 20 ¦' cut the front sides of the vanes in the circular blank mounted on ¦
21 I the toolholder of the lathe, the spindle of which carries the 22 , disc 341. The ribs 342 cut the lateral sides of the vanes.
23 ~1 In a similar manner, vanes or similar members can be 24 ! obtained for rotary fluid machines in which the channels are 25 ,I formed in a tool material on a cylindrical body, a conical body 26 ¦~ or an hour-glass body. The same also applies to the formation of j 27 ~ the vanes of centri~ugal impellers. In all these cases, a tool 28 ,I having a similar body with ribs is utilized.
29 I, The invention also provides for a disc wi~h spiral-like
1 grooves, an assembly which reproduces, from the cinematic point r 2 of view, the rotative machine itself, having as one of its 3 ~ elements a disc member and, as another element, a "vane" tool 4 )jhaving branches or sectors similar in configuration to the vanes 5 I!of the vane wheels which circulate in the spiral-like channels of 6 ~ the rotary fluid machine. By imposing on the disc and on the 7 Ivane tool the same law of movement as that projected for the 8 ! rotary fluid machine, the branches or sectors of the vane tool g ' machine into ~he disc spiral-like channels which will precisely cooperate with the configuration and movement of the vanes of the , 11 vane wheels of the rotary fluid machine.
12 With the present invention, the machining of the disc 13 ,is then a simple planing or turning operation, providing 14 simultaneous production of all the spiral-like passa~es required for the disc which is to form either the rotor or stator o~ the 16 rotary fluid machine. Such an operation can be carried out at 17 ; high speed, which leads to fast production of the discs containing !
18 , the spiral-like channels or grooves. The machining can be done 19 in one work feed or in several successive phases of work.
20 ,~ The present invention thus relates, in particular, to 21 li a machining process which comprises a first phase during which 22 a multiplicity of channels spiral-li~e in form, are machined on 23 i,.a disc by a tool having the configuration of a vane wheel and at 24 ¦1 least one subsequent phase during which the same tool is used to 25 ¦,perform a complementary machinin~ operation.
26 1i The present invention also provides for z novel machine 27 ~ to achieve the aforesaid manufacturlng process. It has a general ¦
28 " organization of a lathe with a part-holder driven by the spindle 29 of the lathe and a cross slide with ~oolholder carried by the saddle of the lathe. A vane tool comprising several branches or B _ 3 _ , ~Q ~ 6 ~ 5 1 or sector~, similar to ~he general c~nfiguration o~ a vanP ~7heel of the rotary fluid machine, is carried by the cross slide 3 , toolholder and rotated around an axis, the position of the aYiS
4 , in relation to the disc corresponding with the position of a vane j 5 11 wheel in the rotor of the rotary fluid machin~ circulating in 6 , spiral-like passages formed in the stator of the rotaEy .luid 7 ', machine. Means are provided for putting the vane tool into 8 I rotation according to a law of motion which is identical to that 9 ' of the vane wheel during the relative rotation of tne stator ; and rotor of the rotary fluid machine.
11 : The present invention also provides for a novel machine 12 , structure having means to vary the law of movement of the 13 aforesaid tool and disc member on one side and on the other of 14 the law of movement corresponding to the predetermined oper~.ion of the rotary fluid machine. This variation is utilized to obtain 16 the spiral-like passages in a form which is different from the ,: . I
17 i form of the vane tool but which will correspond to the form of 18 the vanes of the vane wheels of the projected rotary fluid machinei 19 j The present invPntion also provides for an adapter 20 li mechanism which enables an easy and rapid transfo~mation of an 21 ¦! ordinary lathe into a machine for manufacturing a machine part 22 1 with spiral-like passages of revolution in the form of channels 23 j or grooves.
24 li The invention provides for machining by using a vane 25 li tool having sectors of special shape which are adapted to machine 26 1l channels or gooves whose side wall s~lrfaces have different or 27 ' varying slopes. ' 28 l, Thus, the invention contemplates a vane tool structure 29 in which the separate branches or sectors are of different configurations, and each branch participates in the machining of ~ of the portions of the spiral-like channels for which it r~as 2 designed, 3 ; It will thus be seen that the present invention resolves, 4 ,, the difficulty of machining the parts of rotar~ fluid machines in '' which the cooperation of a vane or similar member with a wall of 6 a channel in which the fluid flows, takes place along different 7 zones of the vane, the location of the zone being a function of L~e 8 position of the vane during its circulation relative to the channel.
9 - In order to obtain a satisfactory sealing along its trajectory, a vane or a similar part has a rounded edge and the 11 cooperation of this edge with the wall of the channel takes place 12 on different generating lines.
13 The presen~ invention also contemplates the provision 14 of a vane tool characterized by a multiplic~ty of cutting edges which correspond to the different generating lines of the vane 16 which are to cooperate with the channels of the disc in a rotary 17 , fluid machine.
18 In one embodiment of the invention, the vane tool 19 1i includes a plurality of branches or sectors which differ between j themselves by the position of the cutting edges. A machine with-21 ~, the same vane tool thus allows for the manufacture of a suitable 22 ,I channel for cooperating with a v~ne having rounded edges or sides.l 23 1l According to another embodiment OI the invention, cutting 24 I~!edges at different positions are provided on differen~ vane tools ~5 liwhich are successively mounted on the toolholder of the cutting 26 ,,machine.
27 1 The presen~ invention also provides for the manufacture ¦
28 ' of the vane wheels for rotary fluid machines including a part 29 containing passages of revslution in the form of channels or grooves, by machining a circular blank of the wheel with a plate 1~ - 5 -tool having the cutting edges distributed on the surfaces limiting portions of the spiral-like channels similar to those of the rotary fluid machine part with which the wheel being cut is to cooperate. The law of movement imposed between the plate tool with cutting edges and the blank is the same as the law of movement between the rotary fluid machine part with the channels and the vane wheels of the rotary fluid machine.
It will also be understood that the present invention may be utilized in any rotary fluid machine in which the channels are formed on a cylinder, a cone, or a portion of a sphere. Thus, the invention is useful in centrifugal machines generally.
Objects and advantages of the invention are set forth in part herein and in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice with the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of instrumentalities and combinations pointed out in the appended claims.
The invention consists in the novel processes, parts, constructions, arrangements, combinations and improvements herein shown and described.
It will be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description as well are exemplary and explanatory of the invention but are not restrictive thereof.
The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for the manufacture of a machine part containing a spiral-like passage of revolution in a rotary fluid machine in which the conversion of pressure energy of fluids is obtained by the 28 circulation of at least two spaced vane members in at least one ~ 6 -spiral-like passage of revolution in the form of a channel defined by a pair of rib members having top surfaces and side walls, and wherein the vane members are parts o at least two vane wheels each of which is mounted for rotation about its own axis in a first part of the machine, the spiral-like passages of revolution are formed in a second part of the machine and at least one of the first and second parts of the machine is rotatable, and wherein the spiral-like passages of revolution are generated by a combined rota-tion of the vane members about the axis o* rotation of their respective vane wheels and by rotation of the first part of the machine in relation to the second part of the machine.
The method for the manufacture of the machine part containing the spiral-like passages of revolution by a turning operation is comprised of the steps of: providing at least one vane tool having cutting sectors formed in the shape of the vane members of the vane wheels of the machine, providing a blank member to be formed into the second part of the machine, rotating the blank member about a first axis of rotation which is in the same direction as that of the relative rotation between the first and second parts of the machine, rotating the vane tool about a second axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the axis of rotation of the vane wheels in the first part of the machine, and bringing the rotating vane tool into cutting engagement with the rotating blank member according to the same combined relative law of movement as between the rotating vane wheels and the relative rotation between the first and second parts of the machine during operation of the machine, whereby the vane tool cutting sectors cut into the blank member in a direction normal to the direction of rotation of the second axis of rotation to thereby cut in the manner of a turning operation at least one channel in the blank member which forms the at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in which the at least two spaced vane members circulate during operation of the rotary fluid machine.
The apparatus for the manufacture of the machine part containing the spiral-like passages of revolution is defined as: at least one vane tool having cutting sectors formed in the shape of the vane members of the vane wheels of the machine, means mounting a blank member to be formed into the second part of the machine for rotation about a first axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the relative axis of rotation between the first and second parts of the machine, means mounting the vane tool for rotation about a ;~ second axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the axis of rotation of the vane wheels in the first part of the machine, means bringing the rotating vane tool into cutting engagement with the ~otating blank member according to the same combined relative law of movement as between the rotating vane wheels and the relative rotation between the first and second parts of the machine during operation of the machine, whereby the vane tool cutting sectors cut into the blank member in a direction normal to the direction of rotation of the second axis of rotation to thereby cut in the manner of 28 a turning operation at least one channel in the blank member - 7a -, ~$9~
which forms at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in which the at least two spaced vane members circulate during operation of the rotary fluid machine.
The accompanying drawings, referred to herein and constituting a part hereof, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGURE 1 is a schematic view of a stator for a rotary fluid machine in -the form of a disc having spiral-like passages - 7b -of revolution in the f ~ ~ ~ nels or grooves;
~ FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary schematic view o~ a por~ion ~-3 l' of a rotor for a rotary fluid machine having a vane wheel adzpted 4 ll to cooperate with the stator shown in Figure l;
5 1 FIGURE 3 is a fragmentary schematic view, partly in 6 ~ section, of a portion of the rotor shown in Figure 2;
7 ,' FIGURE 4 is an enlarged, fragmentary schematic view, 8 l, partly in elevation and partly in cross section, of a channel of 9 ,, the stator shown in Figure 1, the channel being defined by side ana 10 ,, bottom walls formed.by the disc and a top wall formed by the 11 , cooperating rotor shown in Figure 2;
12 ' FIGURE 5 is a schematic view in elevation of a disc to 13 ~ be machined according to the method and means of the present 14 ' invention;
15 .. FIGURE 6 is a view in elevation of the machining device , 16 " of the invention;
17 .. FIGURE 7 is a plan view of the machine shown in Figure 6, 18 . FIGURE 8 is aschematic view of the vane tool of the , -19 il invention;
20 1! FIGURE 9 is an enlarged view in cross section of the 21 1! vane shown in Figure 2;
22 1l FIGURE 10 is an enlarged schematic view of the vane 23 l, tool shown in Figure 8, and further shows in cross section the 24 ,,config~ration of its different vane branches or sectors;
25 jl FIGURE 11 is a view in front elevation of a stator 26 ¦~with spiral~ e passages formed therein according to the method 27 i~of the invention and utilizing the vane tool shown in Figure 10;
28 , FIGURE 12 is a view analogous to Figure 25, showing 29 " another cn~nnel structure for a stator for a rotary fluid machine ¦ ~`` formed according to the invention;
~s~ 8 ~6~ ~
FIGVRE 13 is z fragmentary schematic view in 2 perspective of another embodiment of a vane tool according to tn 3 invention having divergent edges;
4 , FIGURE 14 is 2 schematic view illustrating the first i phase of the method of manufacture of the invention;
6 ¦ FIGURE 15 is a view similar to Figure 14, illustrating 7 ,'the second phase of the method of manufacture of the invention, 8 ~, FIGURE 16 is a view similar to Figures 14 and 15, 9 . illustrating the third phase of the method of manufacture of the invention; -11 FIGURE 17 is a view similar to Figures 14-16, illustrat-12 ing the final phase of the ~ethod of manufacture of the invention;~
13 FIGURE 18 is a view in front elevation of a vane wheel 14 for a rotary fluid machine;
FIGURE 19 is a schematic view of an adapter mechanism 16 . according to the invention mounted on a conventional lathe for 17 . carrying out the method of manufacture of the invention;
18 " FIGURE 20 is a view in a schematic section of a vane 19 i,member;
~ I' FIGURE 21 is a schematic view concerning a frontal 21 ¦i edge of a vane member;
22 tl FIGURE 22 is a perspective view of a vane tool ~ith 23 I branches constructed in accordance with the invention;
24 1l FIGURE 23 is a fragment2ry schematic view,partly in ''se~tion, illustrating the machining of a cylinder according to the 26 1l method of manufacture OI the invention; -27 il F-LGURE 24 shows a cylinder mounted lor ~achining 28 according to the method of manufacture of the invention;
29 ~ FIGURE 25 is a fragmentary schematic view in axial section illustrating the manufacturing o a disc of a centrifugal ' -- B g . , .
s machine according to the method of manufacture of the invention;
FIGURE 26 is a front view of the aisc shown in Figure 25; and FI~URE 27 is a view of a plate tool constructed according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The invention provides, among other things, for the machining of a stator 11 with spiral-like passages of revolution in the form of channels or grooves, the center lines of which are schemati2ed at 121, 122, 123, 124 on Figure 1. The passages 121, 122, 123 and 124 connect a central fluid opening 13 of the disc with one or more peripheral fluid openings 14.
Circulating in the channels 121, 122, 123 and 124 are vanes 15 of the vane wheels 16 (Figures 2 and 3), the latter being -housed in the slots 17 made in a rotor 18 mounted for rotation relative to the stator 11 about the axis 19. The rotor 18 has on its side in front of the stator 11, a surface 21 which cooperates sealingly with the surface 22 of the stator 11 (see Figure 4). The surface 22 is prolonged by side wall surfaces 23 and 24 (Figure 4) which define, with the bottom 25, a channel or groove 12.
In the structure shown schematically in Figures 2 and 4, the surfaces 21 and 22 are planar. In other structures, the cooperating surfaces of the rotor and stator are curved and form a surface of revolution about axis 19. Each of the vane wheels 16 is independently mounted for rotation about 27 its own axis 26, which is transverse to axis 19.
~3 - 10 -It will be understood that Figures 1-4 schematically illustrate stator and rotor elements for a rotary fluid machine, in which the rotor 18 houses one or more vane wheels 16 having a plurality of vanes 15 which circulate in spiral-like passages of revolution 121-124 in the form of channels or grooves, all of which elements are described and illustrated in detail in one or more of my previously issued U.S. patents 3,904,331, granted September 9, 1975; 4,061,449, granted December 6, 1977; 4,090,825, granted May 23, 1978. Also it will be understood that Figure 1 is only a schematic illustration of a stator, which is repre-sentative of the stators disclosed in my prior patent and in Figures 11 and 12. As is more fully described hereinafter, Figure 11 is a detailed showing of a stator formed from the tool of Figure 10 and Figure 12 is a detailed showing of a stator element formed from the tools of Figures 14-17 and 22, all in accordance with the present invention.
For the machining of the channels or the grooves according to the method of the invention, a disc 20 to be machined, shown in Figure 5, is secured to th.e part-holder 31 of a spindle 32 of a lathe, as shown in Figures 6 and 7.
The disc 20 therefore rotates around the horizontal axis 33.
The saddle 34 of the lathe can be displaced in one direction or the other by the axial feed means 35. On the saddle 34 . is mounted a cross slide 36 which.can be adjusted transversely by the cross feed means 37. On the cross slide 36 is mounted ; 27 a toolholder 38 carrying a vane tool 39.
,, , ~ILQ~S~
In accordance with the invention, van~ tool 39, shown in greater detail in Figures 8 and 10, has the shape of a rotary fluid machine vane wheel, described and shown in greater detail in my aforementioned U.S. patent 4,090,825 at Figures 10-15, i.e. it comprises branches or sectGrs 41 which have a contour corresponding fundamentally to the contour of the vanes of a vane wheel 16 ~Figure 2) intended to circulate within the channels to be formed in the disc 20. Vane tool 39 is fixed on the vertical axis 42 of the toolholder 38, which is distant from the axis 33, and is driven for rotation about axis 42 by a positive transmission taken from the driving mechanism of the spindle 32 such as, for example, spline shaft 40, shown in Figure 7, powered directly from the gear box of the lathe.
A law of movement is imposed between the axis 42 of toolholder 38 and the spindle 32, which is identical to the relative movement which takes place between the stator and the vane wheels housed by the rotor auring the operation of the rotary fluid machine for which the stator is being machined.
This movement is described in greater detail in my aforementioned : previously issued patents. t The initial position of the vane tool 39 is adjusted by the controls 37. By approaching progressively the saddle 34 to the disc 20 by acting on the axial feed controls 35, vane tool 39 forms, by its branches or sectors 41, spiral-like channels 12 in the materail of the disc 20, the cross sections of which are conjugated with the contour of the operating portions of the 28 vane tool sectors 41.
65~
When the desired depth is reached, the saddle 34 is displaced in the opposite direction, which removes the sectors 41 from the grooves just formed. It will be understood that the adjustment of the position of vane tool 39 and its feeding movement into cutting engagement with disc 20 may be accomplished manually by an operator or automatically by suitable mechanical, hydraulic or electric 8 means, not shown and not deemed to be a part of the invention.
, , 12a ~
;' 13 ~Q~5~
1 In the structure sho~m on ~igure 6, the ~,ean pl~ne ~f ~ the body of the vane tool 39 is above the aY.is of rotation 33, 3 ; However, the invention provides for a mode of machining in ~Jhicn 4 ,, this mean plane passes through the axis 33 or below iL, ~ Figure 9 shows on an enlarged scale a cross section of 6 ~ the vane 15 of a vane wheel i6 which is intended to circulate 7 ,I within the channels being machined in disc 20, The edges 42 and 8 ; 42~ of the vane 15 are rounded and cooperate with the lateral 9 walls or flanks of the channels of the stator by diffPrent generating lines depending on the position of the vane in a channel 11 . of the stator, 12 ,, For the construction of the vane tool 39 with five 13 branches or sectors 41, there are chosen along sections 42 and 14 42' of the edges of vane 15, in addition to the extremities 42.2 ', and 42.3, three other equidistant points, namely 42,1 half way 16 between 42,2 and 42,3, 42.4 e~uidistant from 42.1 and 42,2 and 42,$
17 ' equidistant from 42,1 and from 42,3. The same procedure is done 18 , on the opposite edge 42'. A transversal edge 43.1 of ~he branch 19 , 41.1 of the vane tool 39 has a shape of a flat hexagon (Figure 10), 20 ' having opposite apexes 47.1 and 47'.1 corresponding to points I -21 ¦, 42.1 and 42'.1 on vane 15 in Figure 9. The sides of vane 15 22 " originating in these two apexes, 44.1 and 45.1 on one side and 23 44'.1 and 45'.1 on the other, are oblique to satisfy the conditions 24 ~, of machining of the tool 43.1 and are connected together by the 1, long sides 46.1 and 46'.1. The branch 41.1 of the vane tool 39 26 ',j is, therefore, opera~ive in the section 43.1 by its edges 47.1 27 !l and 47l.1;
28 i~ In the same way, the branch 41,2 of the vane tool 3g is 29 operative, in the plane 43.2, by its edges 47.2 and 47'.2 which : corresponds to the angles 42.2 and 42'.2 of the vane 15; the . - 13 -, branch 41.3 has edges as shown in 47.3 and 47'.3 on the section made by the plane 43.3 which correspond to angles 42.3 and 42'.3 of vane 15; branch 41.4 has edges as shown in 47.4 and 47'.4 which correspond to angles 42.4 and 42l.4 of vane 15; and branch 41.5 has edges as shown in 47.5 and 47'.5 which correspond to angles 42.5 and 42'.5 of vane 15.
The invention contemplates the provision of tools having branches or sectors of different configurations for different phases of machining; rought machining, normal machining and, if needed, finishing machining, more fully described hereinafter.
Also in accordance with the invention, there is provided a law of movement in relation to the number of branches or sectors of the vane tool and in relation to the number of the channels to be machined so that the same branch or sector successively machines all the different channels to be made.
This is the case, for example, when the vane tool has five branches and the disc to be machined has four channels. In , other words, a five branch tool can cut one, two, three, four or any number of channels in the disc member, depending on the ratio of rotation of the tool to the rotation of the disc member. It is, however, advantageous with a five branch tool to cut four channels since each branch of the tool will then cut each channel. Such an operation avoids the reposi-tioning of the tool to cut each channel as each edge of each branch of the tool is different and designed to give the full contour of the profile of the vane of the vane wheel which later 28 will be in sliding cooperation with the ribs and bottom of B
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the channel in the stator.
Also in accordance with the invention, means are provided for angular displacement of the vane tool about its own axis of rotation after a cut so that one branch of the vane tool plays the role o~ another branch. Alternatively, or in addition, the disc member may be angularly displaced about its axis of rotation.
Figure 11 shows a disc or stator 48 with channels obtained with a vane tool as shown On Figure 10 in accordance with the invention. The stator 48 has channels 49, one extremity of which emerges into a central opening 50 and the other extremity ends at the periphery 51. Lines 52 and 53 represent the intersections of the side walls of the channels with the frontal face 54 of the stator.
In accordance with the invention means are provided for machining channels or grooves in a part for a rotary fluid machine whose cross sections are such that conventional machining with a tool having a shape corres-ponding to the shape of the channels would cause, during the axial feed, an excessive removal of material which would finally not permit the desired profile for the groove or the channel to be obtained. This is the case when the bottoms of the channels are wider than the distance between their sides at the tops. A rotary fluid machine which has a stator with channels satisfying this condition has a dis-charge flow whlch is particularly high.
~Q965~i Such a stator is shown in ~igure 12. The channel 55 connecting the central orifice 56 with the periphery 57 is limited, in addition to the bottom 58, by two lateral walls.
If,for example, for the portion 59 of the lateral wall 50 close to the periphery 57, a tool as schematized in 61 with its operative edge 62 was machining the portion 59 close to the bottom 58, it would remove, at the beginning of the cutting, an excessive portion of the material not allowing at the end to keep the material which forms the front side 63 of the channel To machine such a disc, the invention provides fora way which departs from the size of the actual vane 71 (Figure 13) of a vane wheel 110 (Figure 18) designed to cooperate 'r ~
with the channels 55. The vane 71 has a frontal side 72, fit to cooperate with the bottomi58, wider than the sections which are closer to the root of the vane. The section closest to ~-- the body of the vane wheel is shown at 73. The lateral sides 74 and 75 of the vane 71 are here in the shape of a truncated cone, the axis of the trunc of the cone being mean line 76 of the vane. In this event, in accordance with the invention, there is provided a vane tool having simulated vanes of reduced size, which are less divergent than the vane 71, and the sides 7Z and 78 of which are on the trunc of the cone of the axis 76, with smaller apex angle of thé cone. The reduction of the divergence is chosen such that the simulated vane 79 corresponds in scale to the vane of a vane wheel of a rotary B
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fluid ~achine in which the channels of ~he stator can be obtained by machinlng, as here above expla'ined. Starting with this reduced, size van~, a tool is designed with branches or sectors as defined !
above with reference to Figures 9 and 10.
Referring now ~ore particularly to Figures 14-17, there is illustrated a method of ~anufac~ure according to the invention utilizing a tool 101 of the invention-constructed as ', described above. Thus, the branches 102 correspond to the aforesaid reduced-size simulated vane 79 ~d ~e ra~al edges 103 and 104 are only slightly divergent, i.e. depart slightly from parallelism. By a longitudin21 displacement of the saddle 34 in the direction shown by the arrow f, (Figure 14), the vane tool 101 cuts in the disc 20 spiral-like grooves whose cross sections are conjugated with those of branches 102. The direction of rotation i of the vane tool 101 about its axis 99 is shown by the arrow fl.
Figure 15 corresponds to the second phase of machining according to the method of the invention. It is distinct from the¦
first phase, simply, by the introduction into the transmission, interposed between the spindle 32 of the machine tool rotating around the axis 33 and the axis 42 of the toolholder 38 on which is mounted the vane tool 101, of a progressive var-ation which additionally advances the v2ne tool 101 in rotation in relation i~to the disc 20 in the direction shown by the dotted arrow f2.
During this second phase, tne side walls 105 of the groove, which have been cut during the first phase by the edges 104, upstream .
of the edges 103 if the reference is the rotation of the tool lGl, 2 are no longer cut.
! On the other hand, the edges 103, do~mstream, are in 4 ,. operation due to the advancement in rotation introduced. In this !
5 ! way, the cross sections of the grooves become bigger than the 6 1 cross sections of the individual bra~ches 102 of the tool At the~
i!
7 ,, end of the second phase, a channel or groove is limited, by the 8 l lateral wall 105 and by the lateral wall 106; the latter being g at a greater distance from the wall 105 than the distance between the edges 103 and 104 of the tool 101 " - ;
ll . During the third phase of machining according to the 12 method of the inven~ion, depicted in Figure 16, the transmissio~
13 between the axis 33 and the axis 42 is progressively modified, 14 but in the opposite direction to the modification introduced in the second phase~ i e. a delay in rotation is imposed as schema-16 '' tized by the dotted arrow f3.
17 li In this third phase~ the edges 104 become operative, 18 , while the edges 103 are inoperative The lateral walls 106 are I
19 1l no longer machined, but the latPral walls 105 are cut by the 20 1l edges 104 till the wall 107 is obtained The resulting cross 21 ~! section of the channel is thus still bigger than that obtained 22 ll in the second phase 23 ,l In the final phase of machining according to the 24 ', method of the invention, depicted in Figure 17, the transmission 25 li between the axis 33 and the axis 42 is brought back to its ini tial 26 l, position It is, then, possible to remove the tool from the 27 channels by a transla~ion of the saddle 34 as sho~m by the 28 l' arrow f' 29 ' The advances and delays in rotation of the second and third phases of machining corresponds to the passage from the B 1~-~imulated vane 79 on Figure 15 to the real vane 71.
A disc with spiral-like grooves obtained in this way can then cooperate with a vane wheel whose vanes are the size and shape of vanes 71. Such a vane wheel 110 is shown in Figure 18.
It will be understood that the axial feed as well as retardation or acceleration of the tool in relation to the rotation of the disc member can be done manually by the operator or automatically by suitable mechanical, hydraulic or electric means, not shown and not deemed to be a part of the invention.
Figure 19 shows schematically an adaptor according to the invention which, in combination with an ordinary lathe, enables a disc to be machined with spiral-like passages in the several phases as described above.
To this end, the frame 201 of a conventional lathe is traversed by a tubular spindle shaft 203, put into rotation and held in the bearings 204 and ~05. Inside the tubular shaft 203 is mounted a stationary shaft 202. Shaft 202 can be adjusted angularly about its longitudinal axis 206 by a lever 207 which can be located in several predetermined positions by an elastic pin 208 cooperating with the corresponding housings 209 fixed to the frontal face 210 of the frame. A plate 212 is fixed to the head 211 of the annular shaft 203. The said plate 212 has fi~edly mounted to its external frontal surface 213 26 and a shaft 214 about which gear 215 is mounted for rotation.
B
Gear 215 in turn engages with gear 216 secured to the extremity of the shaft 202. A conical gear 217 is also mounted for rotation about shaft 214 and engages a conical gear 218 secured to shaft 219 which is mounted for rota-tion in a bearing 20 situated at the extremity of the support 221 fixed to the plate 212. On the other extremity 222 of the shaft 219 of the gear 218 is mounted a vane tool 223 with its branches; which may be, for example, identical to the tool shown in either Figure 10 or Figure 22. The vane tool cuts a disc 224 to make a stator with channels.
The disc 224 is mour.ted on a support 225, the latter being mounted on the saddle 226 of the lathe. The axial feed of the saddle 226 is controlled by the hand-wheel 227.
The saddle 226 is carried by the carriage 228 mounted ~Q~
~ slidingly on the bench 229 of the lathe. The cro~s 4eed i5 2 controlled by the hand-wheel 230.
3 l~ Once the first phase of machining is over, which 4 I~corresponds to the median position of the handle 207, the SecGn~
5 liphase is obtained by an angular displacement in a predetermined 6 ,Idirection o the stationary shaft 202 by the action on -the handle ¦
7 207. To free the handle 207, the elastic pin 208 is removed.
8 Il~Then, after the second phase, the third phase is carried on by g lla rotation of the handle 207 in the opposite direction. The f 10 fourth phase, the removal of the vane tool 223, is obtained by 11 bringing the handle to its central position. The disc 224, the .. . .
12 ;machining of which is finished, is then carried away by the i !
1~ ' action on the hand-wheel 230.
14 While using such adapter mechanism, the disc 224 is stationary except -for preliminary adjustments and axial feed.
. . , 16 The law of m~ve~ent is transmitted by the adapter mechanism , -.; , 17 Idirectly to the vane tool with its branches.
18 ~ Figure 20 shows a section of a vane of the vane wheel i!
19 for a rotary fluid machine, the section made through planes , transverse to the mean plane which are asymmetrical instead of 21 1I being symmetrical, in relation to the said mean plane, as was the 22 '~case in the structures previously described.
, i 23 'l, Such a cross section 231 comprises, on the upstream sidej 24 ¦1 a portion 232 with a rela~ivPly small radius of curvature and, cn ¦
, the downstream side, a portion 233 with a larger radius of 1, 26 !, curvature. The mean plane 236, parallel to the do~mstream f2ce 237 27 '' and to the upstream face 238 of the vane, is not perpendicular 28 j to either the external surface 239 of the channel or to the 2~ ' internal face 241 of the channel.
I A rotary fluid machine with vane wheels, the vanes of 1 which have a contour as just defined'in reference to FigurP 20, ~, - ~ takes advantage of the oil wedge and of the suction effPct 3 caused by the circulation of a vane in a spiral-like channel ;~ 4 1 of the stator, It is beneficial for the operation of tne ~¦
5 j machine. f 6 j The branches of a vane tool ~or the machining of 7 l~ the channels with which will cooperate such vanes, are defined 8 1', in the same manner as explained above.
g , Thus, as shown in Figure 21, the front por,ion of the 10 ; branches or sectors of the tool is defined by the front sid-e 111 .. - . !
11 of'a vane, The latter is a portion of a spherical surface limited 12 ' by two arcs 112 and 113 centered on the mean line 114 of the vane 13 ' and also by rectilinear sides 115 and 116, A first branch of 14 the tool comprises an edge 115.1 corresponding to the straight line which joins- the extremities 112.1 and 113.1 of the arcs 112 16 ' and 113. Another branch of the tool comprises an edge 115.2 17 , which connects points 112.2 and 113.2. A third branch corresponds 18 ,, to the straight line 115.3 which connects points 112.3 and 113.3.
19 ' A fourth edge corresponds to the straight line 115.4 joining the 20 ¦¦ points 112.4 and 113.4. A fifth edge corresponds to the straight 21 !¦ line 115.5 joining the points 115.5 and 113.5.
22 ,' A vane tool 301 is shown on a smaller scale in Figure 22.
23 il It comprises five branches or sectors 302.1-302.5. The edges 24 11 of each of the branches are represented by dark lines. On the 5 ili branch 302.1 the lateral edges 316.1, 317.1 and the front edge 26 jl 318.1 are connected together between the back face 319, lateral 27 ,~ faces 320 and 321 and front face 322 of the branch. On the 28 l'branch 302.3, for example, the lateral edges 316.3 and 3i7.3 29 !~ and also the front edge 318.3 are located at the center of the thickness of the branch.
65~5 1 ~ It will be understood that~the manufac~uring prscess, , the machining device and the vane tool's of the invention, a~ s 3 described above, apply also to the machining of spiral-like 4 ' passages in a body of revolu~ion as a cylinder, a cone or a 5 portion of a sphere.
Thus, there is shown in Figures 23 and 24, a cylindrical 7 blank 321 having its front faces 322 and 323 held between lathe- ¦
8 , centers 324 and 324' and is therefore, put into rotation. The 9 machining is done by the branch or sector 325 of th~ vane tool :: , 10 326 mounted for rotation around the axis 327. The arrow f 11 schematizes the direction of the feed during the machining. The 12 law of movement between the rotation of cylindrical blank 321 13 around the axis 324-324' and the rotation of vane tool 326 around , 14 the axis 327 corresponds to the predetermineZ relative movement ,, - 15 between the cylinder 321 with grooves and the vanes or the 16 ; cooperating walls engaging the grooves in a rotary fluid machine. j -17 , Figure 24 shows the grooves 328 obtained by machining blank 321 18 with tool 326.
19 , The dotted lines 329 and 330 on Figure 23 show schematically the additional machining obtained by an advancement i t 21 ,, or retardation in rotation imposed on the tool 326. This is to ¦ i 22 !; obtain channels the walls of which diverge frc.m their external 23 sides resultirtgin a rotary luid machine with high discharge 24 ',, flow, as previously described.
25 " ~he invention also provides for the manufacturing of 26 i, centrifugal and centripetal impellers. Figure 25 shows such an 27 ', impeller being manufactured according to the i~vention. To that 28 ~ end, the impeller is mounted for rotation about the axis 333 29 between lathe-centers, schematized at 331 and 332. The vane tool is mounted for rotation about the axis 334 perpendicular ~Q~65~S
wski-8 ~ 6~
to th axis 333. The vane tool co~prises branches or sectors 2 ~ 335. The work feed is schematized by ~he arrow . The ~rrGw 1 3 j, schematizes the adjustment o the tool before the machining 4 ll The dotted lines 336 and 337 on Figure 25 represent I schematically the positions of the lateral edges of the ~ranch 6 or sector 335 of the tool during the second and third phases of 7 ,, the mzcnining according to the method of the invention in a case 8 , when channels with divergent sides are to be obtained. The -g channels 338 which are thus obtained are lim~ by the walls 339, , shown in Figure 26.
11 ' The invention also provides for the manufacture of 12 vane wheels for circulating in spiral-like chann~s or grooves of 13 a rotary fluid machine. The vane wheels are manufactured from 14 circular blanks by utilizing as a tool a disc derived from the disc of a rotary fluid machine having channels or grooves formed 16 i therein with which the vane wheel to be manufactured is to ; 17 ' cooperate when in use. To this end, to obtain, for example, 18 j, vane wheels fit to cooperate with a disc having spiral-like 19 ll channels such as shown in Figure 12, the departing point is the 20 li said disc. Thus, referring particularly to Figure 27, a disc 21 ¦I tool 341 is first machined, having the general shape of a disc 22 I with ribs 342.1 to 342.5 regularly distributed angularly around 23 1 the axis 43. The said disc 341 is made of tool material.
24 ~i typical rib 342 has a general shape similar to that of a rib 25 j bordering the channels 55 of the actual disc shown in Figure 12.
26 ¦I However, only the portion 344 of the rib is conser~ed. This 27 I portion corresponds, when viewed by an observer situated in tne 28 l' direction of the axis of rotation of the said disc at infinity, 29 to the visible portion which is shown on Figure 12 with hori~ontal~
, hatching. The rib 342 of the disc tool 341 is therefore limited ~ by the surface 355 which corr~sponds ~o the said portion The 2 surface 355 is prolonged by a curved surface 356 ~hose generating 3 , lines are parallel to the axis 343.
4 jl ~he internal surface of the rib 342 comprises a port~on 5 11i 357 which corresponds to the visible portion 60 of the rib of 6 ' the stator shown in Figure 12. Starting from the line 358, which 7 , is the extremity of the visible portion, the internal surface 8 1i of the rib 342 is a curved surface 359. The directrix of the 9 curved surface 359 is the intersection 63 of the invisible 10 i portion 59 of the stator with the bottom 58 of the channel 55 11 in Figure 12. The directrix of the curved surface 356 is formed 12 ;by the intersection 64 of the external plane of the rib of the 13 . stator with the bottom 55 in Figure 12. A rib tool 342 is thus 14 ~ defined.. The different rib tools 342.1, 342.2, etc. to 342.5 of the disc tool 341 have edges defined in the same manner ab 16 explained above so as to define the edges of the branches of a 17 1 tool with branches.
18 In the same manner, the bottom 361 of the disc tool 341 19 1, has cutting edges, some of them being shown by 362. These edges 20 ¦' cut the front sides of the vanes in the circular blank mounted on ¦
21 I the toolholder of the lathe, the spindle of which carries the 22 , disc 341. The ribs 342 cut the lateral sides of the vanes.
23 ~1 In a similar manner, vanes or similar members can be 24 ! obtained for rotary fluid machines in which the channels are 25 ,I formed in a tool material on a cylindrical body, a conical body 26 ¦~ or an hour-glass body. The same also applies to the formation of j 27 ~ the vanes of centri~ugal impellers. In all these cases, a tool 28 ,I having a similar body with ribs is utilized.
29 I, The invention also provides for a disc wi~h spiral-like
30 ~! grooves similar to the one shown on Figure 12 made in a material - 25 ~
'~
~wski-8 1 hard enough to permit it to machine a vane tool with branches ~r 2 sectors which could then be utilized, in turn, for machining a 3 disc so as to form spiral-like channels, as explained above 4 Thus, the invention in its broader aspects is no, limited to the specific embodiments herein shown and described, 6 but departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the 7 .~ accompanying claims, without departing from the principles of the 8 invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.
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~wski-8 1 hard enough to permit it to machine a vane tool with branches ~r 2 sectors which could then be utilized, in turn, for machining a 3 disc so as to form spiral-like channels, as explained above 4 Thus, the invention in its broader aspects is no, limited to the specific embodiments herein shown and described, 6 but departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the 7 .~ accompanying claims, without departing from the principles of the 8 invention and without sacrificing its chief advantages.
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Claims (8)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. In a rotary fluid machine in which the conversion of pressure energy of fluids is obtained by the circulation of at least two spaced vane members in at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in the form of a channel defined by a pair of rib members having top surfaces and side walls, and wherein the vane members are parts of at least two vane wheels each of which is mounted for rotation about its own axis in a first part of said machine, said spiral-like passages of revolution are formed in a second part of said machine and at least one of said first and second parts of said machine is rotatable, and wherein said spiral-like passages of revolution are generated by a combined rotation of said vane members about the axis of rotation of their respective vane wheels and by rotation of said first part of said machine in relation to said second part of said machine, a method for the manufacture of said machine part containing said spiral-like passage of revolution by a turning operation comprising the steps of:
providing at least one vane tool having cutting sectors formed in the shape of the vane members of said vane wheels of said machine, providing a blank member to be formed into said second part of said machine, rotating said blank member about a first axis of rotation which is in the same direction as that of the relative rotation between said first and second parts of said machine, rotating said vane tool about a second axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the axis of rotation of said vane wheels in said first part of said machine, and bringing said rotating vane tool into cutting engagement with said rotating blank member according to the same combined relative law of movement as between said rotating vane wheels and said relative rotation between said first and second parts of said machine during operation of said machine, whereby said vane tool cutting sectors cut into said blank member in a direction normal to the direction of rotation of said second axis of rotation to thereby cut in the manner of a turning operation at least one channel in said blank member which forms said at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in which said at least two spaced vane members circulate during operation of said rotary fluid machine.
providing at least one vane tool having cutting sectors formed in the shape of the vane members of said vane wheels of said machine, providing a blank member to be formed into said second part of said machine, rotating said blank member about a first axis of rotation which is in the same direction as that of the relative rotation between said first and second parts of said machine, rotating said vane tool about a second axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the axis of rotation of said vane wheels in said first part of said machine, and bringing said rotating vane tool into cutting engagement with said rotating blank member according to the same combined relative law of movement as between said rotating vane wheels and said relative rotation between said first and second parts of said machine during operation of said machine, whereby said vane tool cutting sectors cut into said blank member in a direction normal to the direction of rotation of said second axis of rotation to thereby cut in the manner of a turning operation at least one channel in said blank member which forms said at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in which said at least two spaced vane members circulate during operation of said rotary fluid machine.
2. A method of manufacture as claimed in claim 1, wherein said at least one spiral-like passage of revolution is in the form of a channel having rounded side and bottom surfaces, and wherein a plurality of vane tools are brought into cutting engagement with said blank member, the edges of each of said plurality of vane tools corresponding to different lines of cooperation between the rounded sides of said vane members and the rounded surfaces of said channel.
3. A method of manufacture as claimed in claim 1, wherein a multiplicity of tools of the same general configuration describing the profile of said vane members are successively brought into cutting engagement with said blank member, each of said multiplicity of tools being distinct from the others by the position of their cutting edges.
4. A method of manufacture as claimed in claim 1 including the additional steps of removing said vane tool from cutting engagement with said blank member after cutting said channel to the desired depth, changing the relative positions of said vane tool and said blank member by angularly displacing one of said first and second axes of rotation with respect to the other, and again bringing said vane tool into cutting engagement with said blank member in their modified relative positions, whereby said at least one channel is cut larger than the size of the vane tool cutting sectors.
5. A method of manufacture as claimed in claim 4, wherein said relative positions of said vane tool and said blank member are first modified by relative angular displacement of said first and second axes of rotation in a first direction and are thereafter again modified by relative angular displace-ment of said first and second axes of rotation in a second direction opposite to said first direction.
6. In a rotary fluid machine in which the conversion of pressure energy of fluids is obtained by the circulation of at least two spaced vane members in at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in the form of a channel defined by a pair of rib members having top surfaces and side walls, and wherein the vane members are parts of at least two vane wheels each of which is mounted for rotation about its own axis in a first part of said machine, said spiral-like passages of revolution are formed in a second part of said machine and at least one of said first and second parts of said machine is rotatable, and wherein said spiral-like passages of revolution are generated by a combined rotation of said vane members about the axis of rotation of their respective vane wheels and by rotation of said first part of said machine in relation to said second part of said machine, apparatus for the manufacture of said machine part containing said spiral-like passage of revolution comprising:
at least one vane tool having cutting sectors formed in the shape of the vane members of the vane wheels of said machine, means mounting a blank member to be formed into said second part of said machine for rotation about a first axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the relative axis of rotation between said first and second parts of said machine, means mounting said vane tool for rotation about a second axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the axis of rotation of said vane wheels in said first part of said machine, means bringing said rotating vane tool into cutting engagement with said rotating blank member according to the same combined relative law of movement as between said rotating vane wheels and said relative rotation between said first and second parts of said machine during operation of said machine, whereby said vane tool cutting sectors cut into said blank member in a direction normal to the direction of rotation of said second axis of rotation to thereby cut in the manner of a turning operation at least one channel in said blank member which forms said at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in which said at least two spaced-vane members circulate during operation of said rotary fluid machine.
at least one vane tool having cutting sectors formed in the shape of the vane members of the vane wheels of said machine, means mounting a blank member to be formed into said second part of said machine for rotation about a first axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the relative axis of rotation between said first and second parts of said machine, means mounting said vane tool for rotation about a second axis of rotation which is in the same direction as the axis of rotation of said vane wheels in said first part of said machine, means bringing said rotating vane tool into cutting engagement with said rotating blank member according to the same combined relative law of movement as between said rotating vane wheels and said relative rotation between said first and second parts of said machine during operation of said machine, whereby said vane tool cutting sectors cut into said blank member in a direction normal to the direction of rotation of said second axis of rotation to thereby cut in the manner of a turning operation at least one channel in said blank member which forms said at least one spiral-like passage of revolution in which said at least two spaced-vane members circulate during operation of said rotary fluid machine.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 6, including means to progressively angularly displace, in either of two opposite directions, said first and second axes of rotation so as to modify the relative positions between said vane tool mounting means and blank member mounting means.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7, wherein said blank member is secured to a lathe spindle shaft mounted for rotation about a horizontal axis, said vane tool is secured to another shaft mounted for rotation about a vertical axis, and including means for angularly displacing each of said spindle shaft and said another shaft from their respective horizontal and vertical axes of rotation to thereby modify the relative positions between said vane tool and said blank member.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7612799A FR2349381A1 (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1976-04-29 | MACHINING PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS OF FLUID ROTATING MACHINES AND MACHINING DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THIS PROCESS |
| FR7612799 | 1976-04-29 | ||
| GB1775377A GB1594965A (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1977-10-28 | Method and apparatus for the manufacture of parts of rotary fluid machines |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1096595A true CA1096595A (en) | 1981-03-03 |
Family
ID=26219427
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,211A Expired CA1096595A (en) | 1976-04-29 | 1977-04-28 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing parts for rotary fluid machines |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS52155403A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1096595A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2719316A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2349381A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1594965A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3524123A1 (en) * | 1985-07-05 | 1987-02-12 | Linsinger Ernst & Co Gmbh | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PROFILING ROD-LIKE WORKPIECES |
| DE3831337A1 (en) * | 1988-02-25 | 1989-09-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Method of manufacturing a machine consisting of two components in engagement with one another, in particular a displacement machine working according to the spiral principle |
| US5598618A (en) * | 1989-09-29 | 1997-02-04 | Aquino; Giovanni | Mainrotor machining process and apparatus |
| CN102139440B (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2013-01-23 | 时敬龙 | Machining method for stator of all-metal screw pump for thickened-oil thermal exploitation |
| CN103084639A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-05-08 | 西北工业大学 | Method for strengthening process rigidity of thin-wall blade based on non-uniform allowance |
| CN111774895A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-10-16 | 宜昌长机科技有限责任公司 | Radial elastic clamping mechanism and method for shaft parts |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1397538A (en) * | 1971-05-27 | 1975-06-11 | Gkn Transmissions Ltd | Method of and apparatus for effecting internal machining operations on annular components |
-
1976
- 1976-04-29 FR FR7612799A patent/FR2349381A1/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-04-28 CA CA277,211A patent/CA1096595A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-04-29 DE DE19772719316 patent/DE2719316A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-04-30 JP JP5062177A patent/JPS52155403A/en active Pending
- 1977-10-28 GB GB1775377A patent/GB1594965A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1594965A (en) | 1981-08-05 |
| DE2719316A1 (en) | 1977-11-17 |
| FR2349381B1 (en) | 1982-05-14 |
| JPS52155403A (en) | 1977-12-23 |
| FR2349381A1 (en) | 1977-11-25 |
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