CA1095866A - Heating of a building by means of its hollow structures - Google Patents
Heating of a building by means of its hollow structuresInfo
- Publication number
- CA1095866A CA1095866A CA287,366A CA287366A CA1095866A CA 1095866 A CA1095866 A CA 1095866A CA 287366 A CA287366 A CA 287366A CA 1095866 A CA1095866 A CA 1095866A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- air
- heating
- hollow
- floor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Central Heating Systems (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention is concerned with a method in which the heating of rooms is performed by using warm or hot air heating the way of a water central heating system, whereby the equivalent of the pipe system consists mainly of hollow heat-accumulating intermediate-floor or ground-floor structures and the equivalent of the heat radiators consists of the faces of said hollow structures which limit the room space. The air circulation system is sealed.
The present invention is concerned with a method in which the heating of rooms is performed by using warm or hot air heating the way of a water central heating system, whereby the equivalent of the pipe system consists mainly of hollow heat-accumulating intermediate-floor or ground-floor structures and the equivalent of the heat radiators consists of the faces of said hollow structures which limit the room space. The air circulation system is sealed.
Description
-Seppo Hyttinen 10958{i~
Heating of a building by means of its hollow structures The present invention is concerned with a method in which the heating of rooms is performed by using warm or hot air heating in the way of a water central heating system, whereby the equivalent of the pipe system consists mainly of hollow heat-accumulating intermediate-floo~ or ground-floor structures and the equivalent of the heat radiators consists of the faces of said hollow structures which limit the room space. The air circulation system is sealed.
Heating systems of the above type are also previously known, in which the air is, however, first heated by means of a hot-water radiator. Air heating systems are also known in which no water is used, but therein the air circulation takes place at léast partly in the room space, and the channels are not hollow spaces incorporated in the building frame, or if they are, they are of a light construction and are therefore not accumulating. Drawbacks of the first-mentioned system are their high cost owing to several systems (water and air) having to be constructed at the same time as well as high heat losses resulting from the water central heating, and drawbacks of the latter systems are separate "radiator"
~r ~og58~6 -constructions as well as high variations in the room temperature owing to the hot air and low accumulating capacity, and short periods of operation, which results in accelerated contamination of the heating apparatus, and thereby in reduced output. When the air is passed into the room space, moistening of the air is to be taken into account as an extra cos~ item.
In absence of an accumulating and sealed system, it is not possible to use the sequential mode of heating to be described below and operated by means of a heat pump either.
The characteristics of the invention are described in the patent claim following the present description.
By means of the method, the following advantages are obtained:
Into the system it is possible to install different heat generators, in which case it is possible, -at each particular time, to use the most advantageous one of them, or the heat generator can easily be replaced by another one. As possible heat generators should be mentioned an apparatus burning oil or solid fuel, an electrical resistor, or the condenser of a refrigerator machine. Owing to the accumulating system and to an oil-burning hot-air blower, wherein the air is heated straight by means of the furnace wall, an excellent output is achieved. When the burning takes place efficiently, the furnace does not become sooty almost at all, whereby the cleaning intervals become longer. Owing to the accumulating system, the nozzles need not be exchanged with variation in the heat requirement. The slowness resu]ting from the system can be avoided by using a high-capacity oil burner and a little difference in temperature at the room thermostat. When electricity or a heat pump is used, the accumulating capacity of an intermediate floor can be utilized by performing the heating at an appropriate time of the day or night. (When the air is passed along separate channels first close to the outer wall, a natural circulation of air is produced in the room space so that the draught from the windows is reduced.
3 ~09S8~6 Moreover, when the heat pump is installed so that its evaporator part is placed in the hollow space of a hollow roof or any other hollow structural component limited by the outdoor air, which hollow space is provided with possibility of sealed circulation of air, and the heat is transferred from the outer space through the surface of the structure to the evaporator, besides from direct radiation of the sun, heat can also be obtained from rain water and from water vapour contained in the outdoor air when the vapour is condensed on the outer surface of the hollow structure. Prerequisites of this system are expressly a sealed system as well as a certain accumulating capacity of the structure both in the hollow structure ]imited by the outer air and in the hollow structure inside the heat insulation of the building.
Solid fuel can be b~rnt, e.g., in a metallic fireplace provided with a double mantle, in which case the channel formed by said mantles is connected with the hollow spaces of the building frame. All heat that is not radiated straight through the mouth opening of the fireplace when the fireplace is used as an open hearth is transferred and bound to the hollow structure, whereby no heat is lost.
It should still be ascertained why a heating system of the described type was not discovered earlier. The reason will be that energy has been inexpensive and construction work (heat insulation) expensive, in which situation the water central heating system has been the correct solution owing to the good heat-transfer properties of water. Another reason may have been imagined slowness of an air heating system as compared with changes in weather, and, as a third reason, no hollow components have been available as incorporated in the building frame which components were, e.g., sufficiently reinforced in order to stand continual changes in temperature. The slowness can, however, be eliminated by means of modern precise thermostats, in which the difference in temperature of an operating sequence can be made little, and by using high-capacity heating apparatuses. It is advantageous tG llSe high-capacity heating apparatuses, beca~se their standing losses are little 1~95~66 owing to their low heat capacity. I have filed a separate Canadian patent application No. 287,367 on September 23, 1978 for a hollow intermediate floor, ceiling, or ground floor structure that can be used when putting the present method into practice.~
Two embodiments of the invention are illustrated inlthe attached drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a schematical view of the floor beam system of one embod-iment of the invention and of the channel system incorporated in same, Fig. 2 shows the position of the channel system in relation to the hot-air blower, Fig. 3 shows a cross-section at the return-air chamber as viewed in the transversal direction of the beam system, Fig. 4 is a schematical view of the beam system of the roof struc-ture of a second embodiment of the inventio~ of the arrangement of the blower and evaporator in same, as well as of the circulation of air in the hollow space (illustrated with broken line), Fig. 5 is a schematical cross-sectional view of the building frame of an embodiment in accordance with Fig. 4 as viewed in the direc-tion of the beam system, andFig. 6 shows the construction principle of the roof structure of the embodiment in accordance with Fig. 4.
The sealed space in the hot-air circulation system (Figs. 1 to 3) is formed by a hot-air generator 3 (Fig. 2), by the starting-air cllamber 4 and return-air chamber 5, placed on the starting and re-turn side of same, respectively, with connecting channels 6, by channels passing from the starting-air channel -to the hollow space 1~95~6~
in the intermediate floor, by the hollow space, and by channels passing from same into the return-air chamber.
The positioning of the channel system into the beam system is shown in Fig. 1. The direction of the air flow in the channel is denoted by arrow. The hollow space consists of the beam system 1, by the floor slab 2 at the level of its upper surface (Figs. 2 and 3), and of elements fastened to the level of the - 4a -~ 5 ~ 1 ~ 9 5 8 6 6 bottom surface. Channels parallel with the beams are placed in the hollow space, and channels perpendicular to same are also placed in the hollow space facing holes also made into the beams as shown in the drawing, or underneath the beam system. The starting-air channels are ended next to the outer wall. An advantage of placing the channels in the hollow space is that they need not be heat-insulated.
The positioning of the channels near the hot-air generator 3 as well as in the starting and return chambers for air (4 and 5) are shown in Figures 2 and 3. Heated air is passed into the starting-air chamber 4 placed immediately above the generator, from which chamber all the starting-air channels begin. The return air i5 passed into the return-air chamber 5 and from there along a connecting channel 6 back into the heat generator.
Adjustment of the quantity of air passing into the pipe system can be accomplished best by installing control valves 7 at the ends of the channels in the starting-air chamber.
If it is, from the point of view of construction-technical purposes, unnecessary to increase the thickness of the floor structure but a higher accumulating capacity is, however, aimed at, it is possible to place oven-shaped heat-accumulating apparatuses at the ends of the hollow space, which arrangement also reduces the heat-expansion of the structure and improves the natural circulation of air in the room space. By omitting to heat-insulate the bottom slab element or by reducing the insulation, it is -also possible to provide partial heating of the space underneath the intermediate floor.
In the embodiment in accordance with Figures 4 to 6, the air is circulated in a sealed hollow space formed by the beam system 8, the edge beams 9, the roof 10, and by the ceiling 11, in which space one or more blowers 12 and evaporators 13 are placed, whereby the air cooled in the evaporator is heated by direct radiation of sun, by outdoor air, rain water, and water vapour having delivered their heat to the roof structure, which delivers the received heat furtner to the evaporator. The heat liberated in the compressor and evaporator section 14 is transferred into the hollow intermed;ate floor 15. The ce;~;ng 11 consists, beginning from below and as shown in ~'ig. 6, of lnss~66 ceiling lining 16, sealing paper 17, sheet 18 because of differences in water-vapour component pressures, heat insulation layer 19, wind-protection sheet 20, and of the bottom plates or bottom slab 21 of the beam system, into which slits are made so as to pass any moisture off the heat insulation layer.
Figures 4 to 5 show the hollow space as made in the roof structure. Wall elements or some of them can also be made hollow, in which case more heat-delivering surface is obtained and the radiation heat from the sun can be utilized better.
The wall structure may, in principle, be of the same kind as the roof construction shown in Fig. 6, or the wall surface corresponding the r~of lO may be replaced~ e.g., by steel lining.
., .
The above description and the related drawing are only intended as illustration of the inventional idea. Since the purpose is to heat the room space by heating its limiting surfaces in the way described in the patent claim, the ground floor or the ceiling and the spaces limited by them can also be heated in the same way. The heating of a room space can also be performed by heating both the floor (intermediate or ground floor) and the ceiling structure, whereby lower temperature and,consequently,reduced heat expansion of the structure are obtained. The structure to be heated can also be a hollow wall construction, which can be heated alone or togethe~ with other hollow structures.
Heating of a building by means of its hollow structures The present invention is concerned with a method in which the heating of rooms is performed by using warm or hot air heating in the way of a water central heating system, whereby the equivalent of the pipe system consists mainly of hollow heat-accumulating intermediate-floo~ or ground-floor structures and the equivalent of the heat radiators consists of the faces of said hollow structures which limit the room space. The air circulation system is sealed.
Heating systems of the above type are also previously known, in which the air is, however, first heated by means of a hot-water radiator. Air heating systems are also known in which no water is used, but therein the air circulation takes place at léast partly in the room space, and the channels are not hollow spaces incorporated in the building frame, or if they are, they are of a light construction and are therefore not accumulating. Drawbacks of the first-mentioned system are their high cost owing to several systems (water and air) having to be constructed at the same time as well as high heat losses resulting from the water central heating, and drawbacks of the latter systems are separate "radiator"
~r ~og58~6 -constructions as well as high variations in the room temperature owing to the hot air and low accumulating capacity, and short periods of operation, which results in accelerated contamination of the heating apparatus, and thereby in reduced output. When the air is passed into the room space, moistening of the air is to be taken into account as an extra cos~ item.
In absence of an accumulating and sealed system, it is not possible to use the sequential mode of heating to be described below and operated by means of a heat pump either.
The characteristics of the invention are described in the patent claim following the present description.
By means of the method, the following advantages are obtained:
Into the system it is possible to install different heat generators, in which case it is possible, -at each particular time, to use the most advantageous one of them, or the heat generator can easily be replaced by another one. As possible heat generators should be mentioned an apparatus burning oil or solid fuel, an electrical resistor, or the condenser of a refrigerator machine. Owing to the accumulating system and to an oil-burning hot-air blower, wherein the air is heated straight by means of the furnace wall, an excellent output is achieved. When the burning takes place efficiently, the furnace does not become sooty almost at all, whereby the cleaning intervals become longer. Owing to the accumulating system, the nozzles need not be exchanged with variation in the heat requirement. The slowness resu]ting from the system can be avoided by using a high-capacity oil burner and a little difference in temperature at the room thermostat. When electricity or a heat pump is used, the accumulating capacity of an intermediate floor can be utilized by performing the heating at an appropriate time of the day or night. (When the air is passed along separate channels first close to the outer wall, a natural circulation of air is produced in the room space so that the draught from the windows is reduced.
3 ~09S8~6 Moreover, when the heat pump is installed so that its evaporator part is placed in the hollow space of a hollow roof or any other hollow structural component limited by the outdoor air, which hollow space is provided with possibility of sealed circulation of air, and the heat is transferred from the outer space through the surface of the structure to the evaporator, besides from direct radiation of the sun, heat can also be obtained from rain water and from water vapour contained in the outdoor air when the vapour is condensed on the outer surface of the hollow structure. Prerequisites of this system are expressly a sealed system as well as a certain accumulating capacity of the structure both in the hollow structure ]imited by the outer air and in the hollow structure inside the heat insulation of the building.
Solid fuel can be b~rnt, e.g., in a metallic fireplace provided with a double mantle, in which case the channel formed by said mantles is connected with the hollow spaces of the building frame. All heat that is not radiated straight through the mouth opening of the fireplace when the fireplace is used as an open hearth is transferred and bound to the hollow structure, whereby no heat is lost.
It should still be ascertained why a heating system of the described type was not discovered earlier. The reason will be that energy has been inexpensive and construction work (heat insulation) expensive, in which situation the water central heating system has been the correct solution owing to the good heat-transfer properties of water. Another reason may have been imagined slowness of an air heating system as compared with changes in weather, and, as a third reason, no hollow components have been available as incorporated in the building frame which components were, e.g., sufficiently reinforced in order to stand continual changes in temperature. The slowness can, however, be eliminated by means of modern precise thermostats, in which the difference in temperature of an operating sequence can be made little, and by using high-capacity heating apparatuses. It is advantageous tG llSe high-capacity heating apparatuses, beca~se their standing losses are little 1~95~66 owing to their low heat capacity. I have filed a separate Canadian patent application No. 287,367 on September 23, 1978 for a hollow intermediate floor, ceiling, or ground floor structure that can be used when putting the present method into practice.~
Two embodiments of the invention are illustrated inlthe attached drawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a schematical view of the floor beam system of one embod-iment of the invention and of the channel system incorporated in same, Fig. 2 shows the position of the channel system in relation to the hot-air blower, Fig. 3 shows a cross-section at the return-air chamber as viewed in the transversal direction of the beam system, Fig. 4 is a schematical view of the beam system of the roof struc-ture of a second embodiment of the inventio~ of the arrangement of the blower and evaporator in same, as well as of the circulation of air in the hollow space (illustrated with broken line), Fig. 5 is a schematical cross-sectional view of the building frame of an embodiment in accordance with Fig. 4 as viewed in the direc-tion of the beam system, andFig. 6 shows the construction principle of the roof structure of the embodiment in accordance with Fig. 4.
The sealed space in the hot-air circulation system (Figs. 1 to 3) is formed by a hot-air generator 3 (Fig. 2), by the starting-air cllamber 4 and return-air chamber 5, placed on the starting and re-turn side of same, respectively, with connecting channels 6, by channels passing from the starting-air channel -to the hollow space 1~95~6~
in the intermediate floor, by the hollow space, and by channels passing from same into the return-air chamber.
The positioning of the channel system into the beam system is shown in Fig. 1. The direction of the air flow in the channel is denoted by arrow. The hollow space consists of the beam system 1, by the floor slab 2 at the level of its upper surface (Figs. 2 and 3), and of elements fastened to the level of the - 4a -~ 5 ~ 1 ~ 9 5 8 6 6 bottom surface. Channels parallel with the beams are placed in the hollow space, and channels perpendicular to same are also placed in the hollow space facing holes also made into the beams as shown in the drawing, or underneath the beam system. The starting-air channels are ended next to the outer wall. An advantage of placing the channels in the hollow space is that they need not be heat-insulated.
The positioning of the channels near the hot-air generator 3 as well as in the starting and return chambers for air (4 and 5) are shown in Figures 2 and 3. Heated air is passed into the starting-air chamber 4 placed immediately above the generator, from which chamber all the starting-air channels begin. The return air i5 passed into the return-air chamber 5 and from there along a connecting channel 6 back into the heat generator.
Adjustment of the quantity of air passing into the pipe system can be accomplished best by installing control valves 7 at the ends of the channels in the starting-air chamber.
If it is, from the point of view of construction-technical purposes, unnecessary to increase the thickness of the floor structure but a higher accumulating capacity is, however, aimed at, it is possible to place oven-shaped heat-accumulating apparatuses at the ends of the hollow space, which arrangement also reduces the heat-expansion of the structure and improves the natural circulation of air in the room space. By omitting to heat-insulate the bottom slab element or by reducing the insulation, it is -also possible to provide partial heating of the space underneath the intermediate floor.
In the embodiment in accordance with Figures 4 to 6, the air is circulated in a sealed hollow space formed by the beam system 8, the edge beams 9, the roof 10, and by the ceiling 11, in which space one or more blowers 12 and evaporators 13 are placed, whereby the air cooled in the evaporator is heated by direct radiation of sun, by outdoor air, rain water, and water vapour having delivered their heat to the roof structure, which delivers the received heat furtner to the evaporator. The heat liberated in the compressor and evaporator section 14 is transferred into the hollow intermed;ate floor 15. The ce;~;ng 11 consists, beginning from below and as shown in ~'ig. 6, of lnss~66 ceiling lining 16, sealing paper 17, sheet 18 because of differences in water-vapour component pressures, heat insulation layer 19, wind-protection sheet 20, and of the bottom plates or bottom slab 21 of the beam system, into which slits are made so as to pass any moisture off the heat insulation layer.
Figures 4 to 5 show the hollow space as made in the roof structure. Wall elements or some of them can also be made hollow, in which case more heat-delivering surface is obtained and the radiation heat from the sun can be utilized better.
The wall structure may, in principle, be of the same kind as the roof construction shown in Fig. 6, or the wall surface corresponding the r~of lO may be replaced~ e.g., by steel lining.
., .
The above description and the related drawing are only intended as illustration of the inventional idea. Since the purpose is to heat the room space by heating its limiting surfaces in the way described in the patent claim, the ground floor or the ceiling and the spaces limited by them can also be heated in the same way. The heating of a room space can also be performed by heating both the floor (intermediate or ground floor) and the ceiling structure, whereby lower temperature and,consequently,reduced heat expansion of the structure are obtained. The structure to be heated can also be a hollow wall construction, which can be heated alone or togethe~ with other hollow structures.
Claims (5)
1. A method of heating a building by means of a closed circuit using warm or hot air comprised of heating the air direct-ly in a substantially high capacity heat generator of small pro-portions having substantially no heat storage capacity, and passing the heated air through hollow spaces in a heat accumulating hollow structure having a substantially large heat storage capacity.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the heated air is passed through channels which are located at least partly inside said hollow spaces.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat generator is oil fired.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat generator is a double mantle over a fireplace.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat generator is a heat pump.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA287,366A CA1095866A (en) | 1977-09-23 | 1977-09-23 | Heating of a building by means of its hollow structures |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA287,366A CA1095866A (en) | 1977-09-23 | 1977-09-23 | Heating of a building by means of its hollow structures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1095866A true CA1095866A (en) | 1981-02-17 |
Family
ID=4109605
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA287,366A Expired CA1095866A (en) | 1977-09-23 | 1977-09-23 | Heating of a building by means of its hollow structures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1095866A (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-09-23 CA CA287,366A patent/CA1095866A/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |