CA1095827A - Regular packing element for mass transfer columns - Google Patents
Regular packing element for mass transfer columnsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1095827A CA1095827A CA267,735A CA267735A CA1095827A CA 1095827 A CA1095827 A CA 1095827A CA 267735 A CA267735 A CA 267735A CA 1095827 A CA1095827 A CA 1095827A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- apertures
- rows
- packing element
- plates
- adjacent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D59/00—Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element
- B01D59/28—Separation by chemical exchange
- B01D59/32—Separation by chemical exchange by exchange between fluids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/32—Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/3221—Corrugated sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32213—Plurality of essentially parallel sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32224—Sheets characterised by the orientation of the sheet
- B01J2219/32227—Vertical orientation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
- B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
- B01J2219/32203—Sheets
- B01J2219/32237—Sheets comprising apertures or perforations
- B01J2219/32244—Essentially circular apertures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
- Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
Abstract
P.4988 A REGULAR PACKING ELEMENT FOR MASS TRANSFER COLUMNS
Abstract of the Disclosure The packing element contains individual layers which are perforated when flat with staggered rows of aper-tures. The rows of apertures are staggered in order to en-sure uniform distribution of a descending liquid. The horizontal rows are horizontally offset from the rows immediately above by half the spacing between each pair of adjacent apertures in the upper row. Upon corrugating the flat layers, the apertures retain the characteristic of uniformly laterally spreading out of the descending liquid.
Abstract of the Disclosure The packing element contains individual layers which are perforated when flat with staggered rows of aper-tures. The rows of apertures are staggered in order to en-sure uniform distribution of a descending liquid. The horizontal rows are horizontally offset from the rows immediately above by half the spacing between each pair of adjacent apertures in the upper row. Upon corrugating the flat layers, the apertures retain the characteristic of uniformly laterally spreading out of the descending liquid.
Description
109~
This invention relates to a regular packing element for mass transfer columns.
Regular packing elements for mass tran$fer columns have been known, for example as described in German Patent " Sept'~h~ ~
5. 1,253,673 issued March lg, 1974 wherein a plurality of layers formed of corrugated, channelled, fluted, or the like plates are placed in contact with one another and in parallel rela-tion to the column axis. The plates define channels which are arranged in criss-crossing patterns with the channels of ad-10. jacent plates. These elements are useful in mass transfercolumns used for rectification, absorption, extraction and the performance of chemical reactions, such as the separation of isotope elemenets from a substance by a chemical exchange reaction, e.g. the separation of deuterium from hydrogen.
15. The plates can be made, for example of metal, such as stainless steel, or of plastics or of a self-wetting woven or knitted fabric.
The conventional practice with the known regular packing elements is for the plates, which are cut to size 20. from pieces of strip material, to be apertured before being channelled or fluted or the like, so that the plain i.e.
flat, unchannelled-strips are formed with a number of rows of spaced apart apertures. The rows are further distributed over the strip width, the apertures in adjacent rows also being 25. disposed in aperture rows which extend perpendicularl~ to the strip axis. The reasons for the presence of the apertures are improved gas exchange over the cross-section of the pack-ing element and reduction of the pressure drop along the column axis.
30. Other kinds of aperture$ arrangements are knol~n for ~ ~"
This invention relates to a regular packing element for mass transfer columns.
Regular packing elements for mass tran$fer columns have been known, for example as described in German Patent " Sept'~h~ ~
5. 1,253,673 issued March lg, 1974 wherein a plurality of layers formed of corrugated, channelled, fluted, or the like plates are placed in contact with one another and in parallel rela-tion to the column axis. The plates define channels which are arranged in criss-crossing patterns with the channels of ad-10. jacent plates. These elements are useful in mass transfercolumns used for rectification, absorption, extraction and the performance of chemical reactions, such as the separation of isotope elemenets from a substance by a chemical exchange reaction, e.g. the separation of deuterium from hydrogen.
15. The plates can be made, for example of metal, such as stainless steel, or of plastics or of a self-wetting woven or knitted fabric.
The conventional practice with the known regular packing elements is for the plates, which are cut to size 20. from pieces of strip material, to be apertured before being channelled or fluted or the like, so that the plain i.e.
flat, unchannelled-strips are formed with a number of rows of spaced apart apertures. The rows are further distributed over the strip width, the apertures in adjacent rows also being 25. disposed in aperture rows which extend perpendicularl~ to the strip axis. The reasons for the presence of the apertures are improved gas exchange over the cross-section of the pack-ing element and reduction of the pressure drop along the column axis.
30. Other kinds of aperture$ arrangements are knol~n for ~ ~"
2 ~
~95827 trickle packings having vertical trickle surfaces. For in-stance, adjacent rows of apertures may be offset from one another by half the spacing between the apertures lengthwise of the strip. ~s will be described hereinafter, this arrange-5. ment probably improves the spreading-out of the liquid.
When the strips are channeled or fluted or the like at an angle, the aperture rows which were disposed perpendicu-larly to the strip axis in the unchanneled strip become inclined thereto. Consequently, with the channeled strip positioned 10. vertically, the apertures of any row are at a horizontal off-set from the apertures of the adjacent row. This feature makes this form of perforation seem very advantageous because, if the apertures are arranged in the "plain" strip in any other way, the apertures may finish up after ch~ling or fluting 15. or the like in rows which extend vertically of the column axis.
Unfortunately, it has been found with the known packing elements that the liquid phase descending the column does not provide satisfactory distribution of the liquid over 20. the plate surfaces. When a "plain" vertical strip is devised with rows of apertures in the known arrangement, the liauid tends to become channeled into fall paths which extend be-! tween the vertically superjacent apertures of the rows. This is because the liquid descends without hindrance in such paths ~5. along the vertical fall lines and fails to spread out laterally.When the strips are formed with the inclined channeling, i.e. when the strips are converted into the plates which will he disposed parallel to the column axis, the aperture rows which extend vertically in the "plain" strip are at an inclina-30. tion to the column axis. Hence, it has previously been 1~958Z~
assumed that the liquid spread3 out laterally over the plate surface sincethe originally vertically superjacent apertures of adjacent rows are offset from one another in the "channeled" plate. Unfortunately, and as revealed in practice, such is not the case.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to assure uniform lateral spreading out of a descending liquid in a regular packing formed with parallel vertically disposed apertured plates.
It is another object of the invention to improve the lateral spread-ing~out of a liquid supplied to an entry cross-section of a packing element.
It is another object of the invention to reduce channeling effects in a regular packing element formed of corrugated plates and to enable liquid to spread out laterally over the plate surfaces to ensure uniform wetting thereof.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided a regular packing element for a mass transfer column comprising a plurality of adjacent vertically oriented corrugated plates disposed in parallel contact-ing relation, each of said plates having a plurality of channels inclined at an angle relative to a vertical axis and in criss-crossing relation to the channels of one of the contacting plates, each of said plates having a plurality of apertures therein, wherei.n with a respective plate in an initial-ly flat uncorrugated condition said aperatures of said respective plate are disposed in vertically adjacent horizontal aperture rows with said rows of apertures being staggered relative to each other to define a liquid fall path between each adjacent pair of apertures which path extends towards an aperture immediately below said pair of apertures.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a regular packing element for a mass transfer column comprising a plurality of vertically oriented corrugated plates disposed in parallel contacting re-: lation, each of said plates having a plurality of channels inclined at an angle relative to a vertical axis and in criss-crossing relation to the channels o one of the adjacent contacting plate, each of said plates having a plurality of apertures therein, wherein with a respective plate i.n an l~)9S8Z7 initially flat uncorrugated condition, said apertures of said respective plate are arranged in several horizontal rows with each said horizontal row being horizontally offset from the horizontal row immediately thereabove, and each pair of adjacent apertures in a horizontal row defining a liquid fall path therebetween which extends toward an aperture in a horizontal row immediately therebelow whereby said latter aperture deflects a descending liquid laterally.
Briefly, the invention is based on the knowledge that the circum-stances involved in the formation of free fall paths causing unwanted chan-neling of the liquid remain the same even after the plates have been formedwith their inclined channeling. The fall lines which extend vertically in the "plain" strip follow the direction of the channel flank planes in the channeled plates. Consequently, the inclination of the fall line in pro-jection of a plane parallel to the plate is the same as that of the vertical rows of apertures in the "plain" i.e. flat uncorrugated strip. The flow relationships of the liquid are therefore the same in both cases.
Thus, the invention provides a regular packing element comprising a plurality of vertically oriented < . 4~ -corrugated plates disposed in contacting relation with each plate having a plurality of channels inclined at an angle relative to a vertical axis and in criss-crossing relation to the channels of a contacting plate. The plates are each aper-5. tured with the apertures in each plate disposed in verticallyadjacent rows when the plate is in a flat uncorrugated con-dition. For practical reasons, it is impossible to have uni-form distribution of the liquid over the top edge of all the plates right from the beginning. Also, it must always be borne 10. in mind that random disturbances may cause the liquid to re-combine and form relatively large rivulets or streams or the like. Therefore, the rows of apertures are staggered rela-tive to each other to define a liquid fall path between each adjacent pair of apertures which path extends towards an aper-15. ture immediately below the pair of apertures.
The liquid must not flood over the apertures, andso aperture diameters of the order of magnitude of from approxi-mately 2 to 6 millimeters (mm) have proved satisfactory.
Advantageously, the vertically adjacent rows of 20. apertures are offset from one another by an interval or spac-ing greater than the diameter of a single aperture. Very ad-vantageously, the vertically adjacent aperture rows are off-set from one another by half the spacing between two adjacent apertures.
25. Because of the manner in which the apertures ~re arranged in accordance with the invention in the "plain"
strip,,apertures of rows disposed below the rows above are always present in the fall paths. Consequent~y, there is a lateral deflection of the liquid at the edges of the apertures 30. concerned even on a "plain" vertical strip. ~s previously ~9S~7 explained, these flo~ circumstances remain the same even after a strip has been formed with inclined channeling or fluting or the llke. That is, a satisfactory uniform lateral spreading-out of the liquid over the surfaces of the plates forming a regular packing element is provided.
The effect according to the invention does not as-sume that all the apertures are of the same diameter or that the vertical interval (i.e. horizontal spacing) between verti-cally adjacent aperture rows is everywhere the same.
As experiments have shown, it is advantageous for the total perforate area of a plate to be of the order of from 5 to 20% of the imperforate plate area to provide an adequately ; large wetted surface on which effective mass transfer depends.
To make very sure that there is no possible risk of the liquid being channeled along the channels troughs as a result of possible capillary action in the troughs, the holes must be statistically evenly distributed over the whole surface.
This is achieved by having the spacings between the apertures of the aperture rows which extend transversely of the column 2a axis not be in a simple relationship to the pitch of the chan-neling. That is, the quotient of the between aperture spacing to the pitch is not to be 1, 2, 3 and so on, for it then becomes :~ certain that a number of the apertures which are disposed in a statistical distribution over the plate surface are always near the channel troughs. In addition one has to ensure that the holes are not preferentially aligned in directions nearly parallel to the angle of the crimping. ~or example, the angular inclina-tion of an inclined ~ow of apertures must always have an angle to the direction of the crimping. Otherwise, if one hole lies in 1l)95~7 a trough all the holes in the direction will also lie in the trough and vice versa.
These and other objects and advantages of the inven-tion will become more apparent from the follo~ing detailed de-scription and appended claims taken in conjunction with the .
accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. la illustrates a diagrammatic form of part of a conventionally perforated strip;
Fig. lb illustrates a diagrammatic form of the strip 1~ of Fig. la after channeling;
Fig. lc illustrates a view taken on line Ic-Ic of Fig. lb ~Fig. lc);
Fig. 2 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a flat or "plain" apertured plate according to the invention;
Fig. 2b illustrates a diagrammatic view of the plate , o~ Fig. 2a in corrugated form according to the invention;
Fig. 2c illustrates a view taken on line IIc-IIc of Pig. 2b;
Pig. 3 illustrates a perspective view showing the 2n discrete plates of a packing element according to the invention;
and Fig. 4 shows part of a mass transfer column compris-ing three regular packing elements according to the invention.
- Referring to Fig. la, the portion shown of a con-ventionally perforated strip 1 is formed with vertically asso-ciated rows of apertures 2. If the strip be regarded as a vertically upright unchanneled or "plain" plate, the aper-ture of adjacent rows are in a vertical alignment, the aper-1~95827 tures of the horizontal rows being disposed at equidistant intervals a. As shown, fall paths s arise between the aper-tures in the route of fall lines f and a liquid can descend in the paths s unhindered and without spreading out laterally.
5. Thus, the zones between vertically adjacent apertures remain at least substantially unwetted.
Fig. lb shows a portion 1' of a plate formed from the "plain" strip 1 shown in Fig. la, the plate having channelings 3 which are at an inclination to the vertical 10. and which have a pitch w (Fig. lc). As can be gathered from ~ig. lb, the flow conditions of the channeled plate 1' remain the same as for the "plain" strip 1, i.e. although the fall lines f' of Fig. lb are at an angle to the vertical, the fall lines are still routed over the same apertures while the fall 15. paths s' arise between the apertures.
Referring to Fig. 2a, in accordance with the inven-tion, a "plain" i.e. flat uncorrugated plate 4 is provided with apertures disposed in vertical rows and horizontal rows with each horizontal row being horizontally offset from the 20. horizontal row immediately above. Each pair of adjacent apertures 5 in a horizontal row defines a fall path which ex-tends toward an aperture in a horizontal row immediately ~elow whereby the lower aperture deflects a descending iiquid later-ally.
25. Referring to Fig. 2a the use of a plate 4 which has been perforated in accordance with the invention obviates the channeling of the liquid which occurs in the strip of Fig. lb since the fall paths disposed between any two apertures 5 of any upper row has an aperture of a lower row in the way. The flowing liquid thus undergoes lateral deflection at the aper-~, .
~gS827 ture edges, as indicated by arrows, and spreads out over the imperforate surface of the plate 4 Since the flow conditions remain the same after the plate has been formed with inclined channeling, the surface of the channeled plate 4' is wetted completely In the embodiment shown (cf. Figure 2b) the channelings have the same inclination and pitch as the channelings 3 of Figures lb and lc.
As shown in Figure 2a, the apertures 5 are arranged so that the resulting inclined rows of apertures form along a line 7' which always forms an angle to the direction of crimping 6'.
Figure 3 shows a regular packing element 7 embodied from plates 4' devised as shown in Figures 2b and 2c; the plates 4' are shown in the sequence in which they will subsequently be placed one upon another and combined to form a packing element 7 and then introduced into the mass transfer section of a cylindrical column. The drawings make clear the fact that the various plates differ in size, plate size so increasing from the two outsides towards the center that the plates when brought together form a cylindrical member.
Figure 4 shows a portion 8 of the mass transfer part of a column in which there are three elements 7, each at a 90 offset from one another.
The plates can be made, e.g. of metal plate.
- :~ . g _ , ~ i
~95827 trickle packings having vertical trickle surfaces. For in-stance, adjacent rows of apertures may be offset from one another by half the spacing between the apertures lengthwise of the strip. ~s will be described hereinafter, this arrange-5. ment probably improves the spreading-out of the liquid.
When the strips are channeled or fluted or the like at an angle, the aperture rows which were disposed perpendicu-larly to the strip axis in the unchanneled strip become inclined thereto. Consequently, with the channeled strip positioned 10. vertically, the apertures of any row are at a horizontal off-set from the apertures of the adjacent row. This feature makes this form of perforation seem very advantageous because, if the apertures are arranged in the "plain" strip in any other way, the apertures may finish up after ch~ling or fluting 15. or the like in rows which extend vertically of the column axis.
Unfortunately, it has been found with the known packing elements that the liquid phase descending the column does not provide satisfactory distribution of the liquid over 20. the plate surfaces. When a "plain" vertical strip is devised with rows of apertures in the known arrangement, the liauid tends to become channeled into fall paths which extend be-! tween the vertically superjacent apertures of the rows. This is because the liquid descends without hindrance in such paths ~5. along the vertical fall lines and fails to spread out laterally.When the strips are formed with the inclined channeling, i.e. when the strips are converted into the plates which will he disposed parallel to the column axis, the aperture rows which extend vertically in the "plain" strip are at an inclina-30. tion to the column axis. Hence, it has previously been 1~958Z~
assumed that the liquid spread3 out laterally over the plate surface sincethe originally vertically superjacent apertures of adjacent rows are offset from one another in the "channeled" plate. Unfortunately, and as revealed in practice, such is not the case.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to assure uniform lateral spreading out of a descending liquid in a regular packing formed with parallel vertically disposed apertured plates.
It is another object of the invention to improve the lateral spread-ing~out of a liquid supplied to an entry cross-section of a packing element.
It is another object of the invention to reduce channeling effects in a regular packing element formed of corrugated plates and to enable liquid to spread out laterally over the plate surfaces to ensure uniform wetting thereof.
In accordance with one aspect of the invention there is provided a regular packing element for a mass transfer column comprising a plurality of adjacent vertically oriented corrugated plates disposed in parallel contact-ing relation, each of said plates having a plurality of channels inclined at an angle relative to a vertical axis and in criss-crossing relation to the channels of one of the contacting plates, each of said plates having a plurality of apertures therein, wherei.n with a respective plate in an initial-ly flat uncorrugated condition said aperatures of said respective plate are disposed in vertically adjacent horizontal aperture rows with said rows of apertures being staggered relative to each other to define a liquid fall path between each adjacent pair of apertures which path extends towards an aperture immediately below said pair of apertures.
According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a regular packing element for a mass transfer column comprising a plurality of vertically oriented corrugated plates disposed in parallel contacting re-: lation, each of said plates having a plurality of channels inclined at an angle relative to a vertical axis and in criss-crossing relation to the channels o one of the adjacent contacting plate, each of said plates having a plurality of apertures therein, wherein with a respective plate i.n an l~)9S8Z7 initially flat uncorrugated condition, said apertures of said respective plate are arranged in several horizontal rows with each said horizontal row being horizontally offset from the horizontal row immediately thereabove, and each pair of adjacent apertures in a horizontal row defining a liquid fall path therebetween which extends toward an aperture in a horizontal row immediately therebelow whereby said latter aperture deflects a descending liquid laterally.
Briefly, the invention is based on the knowledge that the circum-stances involved in the formation of free fall paths causing unwanted chan-neling of the liquid remain the same even after the plates have been formedwith their inclined channeling. The fall lines which extend vertically in the "plain" strip follow the direction of the channel flank planes in the channeled plates. Consequently, the inclination of the fall line in pro-jection of a plane parallel to the plate is the same as that of the vertical rows of apertures in the "plain" i.e. flat uncorrugated strip. The flow relationships of the liquid are therefore the same in both cases.
Thus, the invention provides a regular packing element comprising a plurality of vertically oriented < . 4~ -corrugated plates disposed in contacting relation with each plate having a plurality of channels inclined at an angle relative to a vertical axis and in criss-crossing relation to the channels of a contacting plate. The plates are each aper-5. tured with the apertures in each plate disposed in verticallyadjacent rows when the plate is in a flat uncorrugated con-dition. For practical reasons, it is impossible to have uni-form distribution of the liquid over the top edge of all the plates right from the beginning. Also, it must always be borne 10. in mind that random disturbances may cause the liquid to re-combine and form relatively large rivulets or streams or the like. Therefore, the rows of apertures are staggered rela-tive to each other to define a liquid fall path between each adjacent pair of apertures which path extends towards an aper-15. ture immediately below the pair of apertures.
The liquid must not flood over the apertures, andso aperture diameters of the order of magnitude of from approxi-mately 2 to 6 millimeters (mm) have proved satisfactory.
Advantageously, the vertically adjacent rows of 20. apertures are offset from one another by an interval or spac-ing greater than the diameter of a single aperture. Very ad-vantageously, the vertically adjacent aperture rows are off-set from one another by half the spacing between two adjacent apertures.
25. Because of the manner in which the apertures ~re arranged in accordance with the invention in the "plain"
strip,,apertures of rows disposed below the rows above are always present in the fall paths. Consequent~y, there is a lateral deflection of the liquid at the edges of the apertures 30. concerned even on a "plain" vertical strip. ~s previously ~9S~7 explained, these flo~ circumstances remain the same even after a strip has been formed with inclined channeling or fluting or the llke. That is, a satisfactory uniform lateral spreading-out of the liquid over the surfaces of the plates forming a regular packing element is provided.
The effect according to the invention does not as-sume that all the apertures are of the same diameter or that the vertical interval (i.e. horizontal spacing) between verti-cally adjacent aperture rows is everywhere the same.
As experiments have shown, it is advantageous for the total perforate area of a plate to be of the order of from 5 to 20% of the imperforate plate area to provide an adequately ; large wetted surface on which effective mass transfer depends.
To make very sure that there is no possible risk of the liquid being channeled along the channels troughs as a result of possible capillary action in the troughs, the holes must be statistically evenly distributed over the whole surface.
This is achieved by having the spacings between the apertures of the aperture rows which extend transversely of the column 2a axis not be in a simple relationship to the pitch of the chan-neling. That is, the quotient of the between aperture spacing to the pitch is not to be 1, 2, 3 and so on, for it then becomes :~ certain that a number of the apertures which are disposed in a statistical distribution over the plate surface are always near the channel troughs. In addition one has to ensure that the holes are not preferentially aligned in directions nearly parallel to the angle of the crimping. ~or example, the angular inclina-tion of an inclined ~ow of apertures must always have an angle to the direction of the crimping. Otherwise, if one hole lies in 1l)95~7 a trough all the holes in the direction will also lie in the trough and vice versa.
These and other objects and advantages of the inven-tion will become more apparent from the follo~ing detailed de-scription and appended claims taken in conjunction with the .
accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. la illustrates a diagrammatic form of part of a conventionally perforated strip;
Fig. lb illustrates a diagrammatic form of the strip 1~ of Fig. la after channeling;
Fig. lc illustrates a view taken on line Ic-Ic of Fig. lb ~Fig. lc);
Fig. 2 illustrates a diagrammatic view of a flat or "plain" apertured plate according to the invention;
Fig. 2b illustrates a diagrammatic view of the plate , o~ Fig. 2a in corrugated form according to the invention;
Fig. 2c illustrates a view taken on line IIc-IIc of Pig. 2b;
Pig. 3 illustrates a perspective view showing the 2n discrete plates of a packing element according to the invention;
and Fig. 4 shows part of a mass transfer column compris-ing three regular packing elements according to the invention.
- Referring to Fig. la, the portion shown of a con-ventionally perforated strip 1 is formed with vertically asso-ciated rows of apertures 2. If the strip be regarded as a vertically upright unchanneled or "plain" plate, the aper-ture of adjacent rows are in a vertical alignment, the aper-1~95827 tures of the horizontal rows being disposed at equidistant intervals a. As shown, fall paths s arise between the aper-tures in the route of fall lines f and a liquid can descend in the paths s unhindered and without spreading out laterally.
5. Thus, the zones between vertically adjacent apertures remain at least substantially unwetted.
Fig. lb shows a portion 1' of a plate formed from the "plain" strip 1 shown in Fig. la, the plate having channelings 3 which are at an inclination to the vertical 10. and which have a pitch w (Fig. lc). As can be gathered from ~ig. lb, the flow conditions of the channeled plate 1' remain the same as for the "plain" strip 1, i.e. although the fall lines f' of Fig. lb are at an angle to the vertical, the fall lines are still routed over the same apertures while the fall 15. paths s' arise between the apertures.
Referring to Fig. 2a, in accordance with the inven-tion, a "plain" i.e. flat uncorrugated plate 4 is provided with apertures disposed in vertical rows and horizontal rows with each horizontal row being horizontally offset from the 20. horizontal row immediately above. Each pair of adjacent apertures 5 in a horizontal row defines a fall path which ex-tends toward an aperture in a horizontal row immediately ~elow whereby the lower aperture deflects a descending iiquid later-ally.
25. Referring to Fig. 2a the use of a plate 4 which has been perforated in accordance with the invention obviates the channeling of the liquid which occurs in the strip of Fig. lb since the fall paths disposed between any two apertures 5 of any upper row has an aperture of a lower row in the way. The flowing liquid thus undergoes lateral deflection at the aper-~, .
~gS827 ture edges, as indicated by arrows, and spreads out over the imperforate surface of the plate 4 Since the flow conditions remain the same after the plate has been formed with inclined channeling, the surface of the channeled plate 4' is wetted completely In the embodiment shown (cf. Figure 2b) the channelings have the same inclination and pitch as the channelings 3 of Figures lb and lc.
As shown in Figure 2a, the apertures 5 are arranged so that the resulting inclined rows of apertures form along a line 7' which always forms an angle to the direction of crimping 6'.
Figure 3 shows a regular packing element 7 embodied from plates 4' devised as shown in Figures 2b and 2c; the plates 4' are shown in the sequence in which they will subsequently be placed one upon another and combined to form a packing element 7 and then introduced into the mass transfer section of a cylindrical column. The drawings make clear the fact that the various plates differ in size, plate size so increasing from the two outsides towards the center that the plates when brought together form a cylindrical member.
Figure 4 shows a portion 8 of the mass transfer part of a column in which there are three elements 7, each at a 90 offset from one another.
The plates can be made, e.g. of metal plate.
- :~ . g _ , ~ i
Claims (7)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A regular packing element for a mass transfer column comprising a plurality of adjacent vertically oriented corrugated plates disposed in parallel contacting relation, each of said plates having a plurality of channels inclined at an angle relative to a vertical axis and in criss-cross-ing relation to the channels of one of the contacting plates, each of said plates having a plurality of apertures therein, wherein with a respective plate in an initially flat uncorrugated condition said apertures of said respective plate are disposed in vertically adjacent horizontal aperture rows with said rows of apertures being staggered relative to each other to define a liquid fall path between each adjacent pair of apertures which path extends towards an aperture immediately below said pair of apertures.
2. A regular packing element as set forth in Claim 1 wherein said horizontal rows of apertures are offset from each other by an interval greater than the diameter of a single aperture.
3. A regular packing element as set forth in Claim 2 wherein said apertures of any lower row are disposed centrally in relation to any two apertures in the row immediately above.
4 A regular packing element for a mass transfer column comprising a plurality of vertically oriented corrugated plates disposed in parallel con-tacting relation, each of said plates having a plurality of channels inclined at an angle relative to a vertical axis and in criss-crossing relation to the channels of one of the adjacent contacting plate, each of said plates having a plurality of apertures therein, wherein with a respective plate in an initially flat uncorrugated condition, said apertures of said respective plate are arranged in several horizontal rows with each said horizontal row being horizontally offset from the horizontal row immediately thereabove, and each pair of adjacent apertures in a horizontal row defining a liquid fall path therebetween which extends toward an aperture in a horizontal row immediately therebelow whereby said latter aperture deflects a descending liquid laterally.
5. A regular packing element as set forth in Claim 4 wherein each pair of adjacent apertures in a horizontal row is spaced apart a distance greater than the diameter of the aperture immediately therebelow and therebetween.
6. A regular packing element as set forth in Claim 5 wherein said apertures are each of a diameter of from 2 to 6 millimeters.
7. A regular packing element as set forth in Claim 5 wherein said horizontal rows are horizontally offset from the horizontal row immediately above by half the spacing between each pair of adjacent apertures of said horizontal row immediately above.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH000490/76 | 1976-01-16 | ||
| CH49076A CH608380A5 (en) | 1976-01-16 | 1976-01-16 | Packing body in rectifying columns |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1095827A true CA1095827A (en) | 1981-02-17 |
Family
ID=4188198
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA267,735A Expired CA1095827A (en) | 1976-01-16 | 1976-12-13 | Regular packing element for mass transfer columns |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5288581A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1095827A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH608380A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2601890C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2338065A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1569828A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1075500B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX4102E (en) |
| NL (1) | NL174225C (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0270050A2 (en) | 1986-12-01 | 1988-06-08 | Glitsch, Inc. | Structured tower packing |
| US4950430A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1990-08-21 | Glitsch, Inc. | Structured tower packing |
| US5132056A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-07-21 | Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation | Structured column packing with improved turndown and method |
| US5413741A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1995-05-09 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Nested packing for distillation column |
| FR2777533A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-22 | Air Liquide | Floating maritime structure (barge or oil platform) carrying a distillation column |
| US5996974A (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1999-12-07 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges | Device for material and heat exchange |
| US6409378B1 (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2002-06-25 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | Filler body with a cross channel structure |
| WO2003004148A2 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-16 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Strip for a packing module, corresponding module and installation |
| WO2004102095A1 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claud | Distillation installation comprising columns with corrugated-crossed structured packings and method of increasing the capacity of a distillation installation |
| WO2009118496A2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for making a corrugated-crossed fitting |
| WO2009136061A2 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-11-12 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Column with heat and/or material exchange packing |
| WO2010058115A1 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2010-05-27 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Corrugated criss-crossing packing and column including such a packing |
| WO2010063940A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Method and device for manufacturing a structured lining wave, and such a lining wave |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3068525D1 (en) | 1979-09-06 | 1984-08-16 | Ici Plc | A process and apparatus for catalytically reacting steam with a hydrocarbon in endothermic conditions |
| ATE21043T1 (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1986-08-15 | Ici Plc | GAS-LIQUID CENTRIFUGAL REACTOR. |
| JPS601401U (en) * | 1983-06-16 | 1985-01-08 | 積水樹脂株式会社 | Filling material for mass exchange towers, heat exchange towers, etc. |
| US4604247A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1986-08-05 | Glitsch, Inc. | Tower packing material and method |
| EP0300506B1 (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1995-06-14 | Glitsch, Inc. | Tower packing from corrugated metal sheets |
| US4597916A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1986-07-01 | Glitsch, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for intermediate lamella vapor liquid contact |
| JPS60125009A (en) * | 1983-12-09 | 1985-07-04 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Sound volume controller |
| JPS60119121U (en) * | 1984-01-20 | 1985-08-12 | 日本ビクター株式会社 | signal switching device |
| DE3414267A1 (en) * | 1984-04-14 | 1985-11-07 | Raschig Gmbh, 6700 Ludwigshafen | INSTALLATION ELEMENT FOR TUBE OR HEAT EXCHANGE COLUMN |
| US4670196A (en) * | 1985-09-05 | 1987-06-02 | Norton Company | Tower packing element |
| GB8802627D0 (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1988-03-02 | Boc Group Inc | Liquid-vapour contact columns |
| DE4209132A1 (en) * | 1992-03-20 | 1993-09-23 | Linde Ag | AIR DISASSEMBLY SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DEEP TEMPERATURE DISPOSAL OF AIR |
| US5348710A (en) * | 1993-06-11 | 1994-09-20 | Johnson Kenneth H | Catalytic distillation structure |
| US5431890A (en) * | 1994-01-31 | 1995-07-11 | Chemical Research & Licensing Company | Catalytic distillation structure |
| US5942456A (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 1999-08-24 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Multi-functional catalytic distillation structure |
| JP2001500062A (en) | 1997-07-04 | 2001-01-09 | キユーニ アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Built-in for mass exchange columns |
| DE69833522T2 (en) * | 1997-10-13 | 2006-11-02 | Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation | Process and apparatus for the separation of stable isotopes |
| US6000685A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 1999-12-14 | Catalytic Distillation Technologies | Gas/liquid contact structure |
| WO2000027509A1 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2000-05-18 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Method and apparatus for enrichment of heavy component of oxygen isotopes |
| EP1016457B1 (en) | 1998-12-28 | 2003-05-07 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Vapour-liquid contactor, cryogenic air separation unit and method of gas separation |
| CA2294406C (en) * | 1999-01-21 | 2004-11-02 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | Packing with a cross channel structure for a material exchange column with a high specific separation performance |
| DE10031119A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-01-10 | Basf Ag | Packings for heat and mass transfer columns |
| FR2833863B1 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-08-20 | Air Liquide | CATALYTIC REACTOR, CORRESPONDING INSTALLATION AND REACTION METHOD |
| CN102068956B (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2013-07-31 | 天津大学 | Eccentric diversion window structured packing sheet and packing |
| EP2810707A1 (en) | 2013-06-07 | 2014-12-10 | Sulzer Chemtech AG | Package layer for a structured package |
| CN104014297A (en) * | 2014-06-23 | 2014-09-03 | 北京博汇特环保科技有限公司 | Solid-liquid separated packing |
| CN105920867B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-08-31 | 凯瑞环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of new catalytic distillation component |
| EP3808446A1 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-21 | Sulzer Management AG | Structured cross-channel packing element with reduced material requirement |
| EP3808445A1 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-21 | Sulzer Management AG | Structured packing element with reduced material requirement |
| EP3808447A1 (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2021-04-21 | Sulzer Management AG | Plant and process for efficiently producing a structured cross-channel packing element |
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Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1385821A (en) * | 1963-03-22 | 1965-01-15 | Sulzer Ag | Material exchange column |
| US3279533A (en) * | 1964-03-17 | 1966-10-18 | American Mach & Foundry | Evaporator and impingement plate therefor |
| SE336084B (en) * | 1966-07-22 | 1971-06-21 | C Munters |
-
1976
- 1976-01-16 CH CH49076A patent/CH608380A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-01-20 DE DE19762601890 patent/DE2601890C3/en not_active Expired
- 1976-02-25 NL NL7601944A patent/NL174225C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-12-13 JP JP14880876A patent/JPS5288581A/en active Granted
- 1976-12-13 CA CA267,735A patent/CA1095827A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-12-17 MX MX524776U patent/MX4102E/en unknown
- 1976-12-29 FR FR7639473A patent/FR2338065A1/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-01-04 IT IT1902077A patent/IT1075500B/en active
- 1977-01-17 GB GB169777A patent/GB1569828A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0270050A2 (en) | 1986-12-01 | 1988-06-08 | Glitsch, Inc. | Structured tower packing |
| EP0270050A3 (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1988-09-21 | Glitsch, Inc. | Structured tower packing structured tower packing |
| US4950430A (en) * | 1986-12-01 | 1990-08-21 | Glitsch, Inc. | Structured tower packing |
| US5132056A (en) * | 1991-05-28 | 1992-07-21 | Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation | Structured column packing with improved turndown and method |
| US5413741A (en) * | 1992-12-01 | 1995-05-09 | Koch Engineering Company, Inc. | Nested packing for distillation column |
| US5996974A (en) * | 1996-11-28 | 1999-12-07 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges | Device for material and heat exchange |
| US6266880B1 (en) | 1996-11-28 | 2001-07-31 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Process for producing a material and heat exchange device |
| FR2777533A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-22 | Air Liquide | Floating maritime structure (barge or oil platform) carrying a distillation column |
| US6409378B1 (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2002-06-25 | Sulzer Chemtech Ag | Filler body with a cross channel structure |
| WO2003004148A2 (en) | 2001-07-06 | 2003-01-16 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Strip for a packing module, corresponding module and installation |
| WO2004102095A1 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claud | Distillation installation comprising columns with corrugated-crossed structured packings and method of increasing the capacity of a distillation installation |
| WO2009118496A2 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for making a corrugated-crossed fitting |
| WO2009136061A2 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2009-11-12 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Column with heat and/or material exchange packing |
| US9108179B2 (en) | 2008-04-07 | 2015-08-18 | L′Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L′ Étude Et L′ Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Column with heat and/or material exchange packing |
| WO2010058115A1 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2010-05-27 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Corrugated criss-crossing packing and column including such a packing |
| WO2010063940A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 | 2010-06-10 | L'Air Liquide, Société Anonyme pour l'Etude et l'Exploitation des Procédés Georges Claude | Method and device for manufacturing a structured lining wave, and such a lining wave |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX4102E (en) | 1981-12-09 |
| FR2338065A1 (en) | 1977-08-12 |
| NL7601944A (en) | 1977-07-19 |
| NL174225C (en) | 1984-05-16 |
| GB1569828A (en) | 1980-06-18 |
| JPS5288581A (en) | 1977-07-25 |
| NL174225B (en) | 1983-12-16 |
| IT1075500B (en) | 1985-04-22 |
| JPS5736009B2 (en) | 1982-08-02 |
| DE2601890C3 (en) | 1978-09-21 |
| DE2601890B2 (en) | 1978-01-19 |
| DE2601890A1 (en) | 1977-07-21 |
| FR2338065B1 (en) | 1980-10-24 |
| CH608380A5 (en) | 1979-01-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |