CA1095705A - Apparatus for coating filaments - Google Patents
Apparatus for coating filamentsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1095705A CA1095705A CA277,857A CA277857A CA1095705A CA 1095705 A CA1095705 A CA 1095705A CA 277857 A CA277857 A CA 277857A CA 1095705 A CA1095705 A CA 1095705A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- sidewalls
- protrusion
- backwall
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/12—General methods of coating; Devices therefor
- C03C25/20—Contacting the fibres with applicators, e.g. rolls
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
- D06B1/00—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating
- D06B1/10—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating by contact with a member carrying the treating material
- D06B1/14—Applying liquids, gases or vapours onto textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing or impregnating by contact with a member carrying the treating material with a roller
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Coating Apparatus (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
This invention relates to apparatus for coating filaments and other linear materials with a liquid, having a chamber with a backwall, a bottom wall, a top wall and two sidewalls, the walls forming an outlet opening from the chamber. The bottom wall of the chamber has at least one aperture for introducing the liquid into the chamber. Positioned within the chamber is a protrusion extending from the backwall of the chamber and from the bottom wall to the top wall and having sidewalls which intersect at an apex spaced from the outlet opening. A roller is positioned so that fluid passing from the outlet opening will be deposited there-on. This chamber provides more uniform distribution of the liquid onto the roller.
This invention relates to apparatus for coating filaments and other linear materials with a liquid, having a chamber with a backwall, a bottom wall, a top wall and two sidewalls, the walls forming an outlet opening from the chamber. The bottom wall of the chamber has at least one aperture for introducing the liquid into the chamber. Positioned within the chamber is a protrusion extending from the backwall of the chamber and from the bottom wall to the top wall and having sidewalls which intersect at an apex spaced from the outlet opening. A roller is positioned so that fluid passing from the outlet opening will be deposited there-on. This chamber provides more uniform distribution of the liquid onto the roller.
Description
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This invention pertains to apparatus for coating linear material. In one of its more specific aspects, the present inven-tion relates to apparatus for applying a sizing to filaments.
The technology which has been developed for the produc-tion of glass filaments presently makes possible the production of filaments having a diameter from approximately 0.0001 inch to approximately 0.0004 inch, at a rate of from approximately 4,000 feet per minute to 15,000 feet per minute.
One of the major problem areas in a filament forming technology has been the problem of glass upon glass abrasion.
When glass upon glass abrasion occurs, the glass filaments can easily be damaged. Damage to the filaments can produce an unaccep-table end product. Accordingly, abrasion among the filaments cannot be allowed to occux if a successful filament forming oper-ation is desired.
To overcome the problem of glass upon glass abrasion it has been widely theorized that a solid film of material must separate the filaments at all times to assure physical separation of the filaments. Of course, if the filaments are physically separated they cannot abrade upon one another.
To provide the physical separation of the filaments a number of coating or sizing materials can be applied to the fila-ments as the filaments are formed. The sizing materials are applied to the filaments by a variety of coating applicators that have been developed. However, since the filament forming operation ta~es place in such a short period of time and the filaments are traveling so rapidly, it is very difficult to apply the sizing material so that it completely covers the filaments as they are formed.
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A recent development has been the use of roll type applicators to apply the sizing to the filaments during the filament forming process. The roll type applicator comprises a support-mounted applicator roll that is rotatable about a central axis and a pressure confining feed passage discharging tangentially across the width of the roll. The sizing is supplied to the feed passageway so that the sizing passes along the passageway and is deposited upon the surface of the ap~licator roll as the sizing leaves the passageway. The filaments that are to be coated are then passed across that portion of the applicator roll where the sizing is deposited from the feed passageway and the filaments become coated as the filaments remove the sizing from the applica-tor roll.
This type of applicator can work fairly effectively but it is difficult to obtain the proper uniform distribution of sizing on the applicator roll. The problem of obtaining the proper amount of sizing on t:he applicator roll is further complicated when the speeds at which the filaments are passing the applicator roll are considered. In any event when the proper uniform distri-bution of sizing is not present on the applicator roll the filamentsdo not receive the proper coating. When this happens, voids or bare spots can occur on the filaments and the glass upon glass abrasion problem again becomes significant. In practice it has proven to be very difficult to obtain the proper uniform sizing distribution across the width of the applicator roll because it is difficult to obtain a uniform distribution of sizing in the feed passageway. One reason for the non-uniform distribution of sizing in the feed passageway is that the sizings normally used have a tendency to channel in a narrow area of the feed passageway and not 1~)95705 completely fill the passageway. Of course, when the channeling occurs the sizing is not uniformly distributed in the feed chamber.
Also, there is usually a certain amount of turbulent flow of sizing in the feed passageway, and as a result air bubbles are often trapped in the si~ing. When the sizing is transferred to the applica.or roll the air bubbles are also transferred to the appli-cator roll. If a fllament is drawn through the area where an air bubble is locatedr the filament will not pick up enough sizing to be properly coated. As a result bare spots can exist on the fiia-ment and abrasion again becomes a problem.
An object of the present invention is to provide appara-tus which provides improved uniformity of distribution of coating liquid to material to be coated.
According to the invention there is provided apparatus for coating linear material with a liquid comprising:
a chamber having a backwall, a bottom wall, a top wall and two sidewalls, the bottom wall having at least one aperture for the introduction of a liquid into the chamber;
an elongated outlet opening at the front of the chamber for outflow of the liquid from the charnber;
a protrusion extending from the top wall to the bottom wall, the protrusion extending forwardly from the backwall and having sidewalls which intersect at an apex of the protrusion pos-itioned in the chamber so that the apex is spaced apart from the opening; and, a rotatable liquid applic~tor positioned proximate the ~-`
opening wherein liquid flowing from the opening is distributed uni-formly on said applicator during use of the apparatus.
The apparatus of the invention is particularly useful in the process of forming filaments of heat-softened mineral material ~095705 such as molten glass. In these processes a liquid coating or sizing is applied to individual glass filaments and the glass filaments combined into an untwisted filament bundle or glass strand that is wound onto a package. But the apparatus of the invention is useful in other processes that treat other types of linear n~aterial (for example, filament bundles such as yarn, cord, roving, etc. as well as monofilaments) made from glass or other filament forming material such as nylon and polyester. Thus, the disclosure of treating glass strand is only an example to explain the operation of the invention. The term "filaments" used in the specification and claims includes monofilaments and filament bundles, including bundles of continuous or discontinuous synthetic filaments with or without twist, in addition to bundles of natural filaments.
In the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention:-Figure 1 is a side elevation view of the applicator inoperation.
Figure 2 is a front elevation view of the applicator in peration.
Figure 3 is a top view of the applicator.
Figure 4 i5 a cross sectional view (taken along line 4-4 in Figure 2) of the fluid chamber of the applicator.
Figures 1 and 2 show an applicator 1 for applying liquid sizing to filaments. The applicator has a top block 3 and a bottom block 5. In one surface of the top block there is a chamber 7.
The chamber terminates in an elongated outlet opening 11 in the front wall 9 of the top block. The chamber has a height as indica-ted by the height 12 of the backwall of the chamber 27. The chamber ~.
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is connected to a source of fluid sizing by passageways 13 that pass through the bottom block and which open into chamber 7. The fluid sizing material is supplied to the passageways by any suit-able means (not shown~. The bottom block has an exterior groove 17 along one lateral edge. The groove is semi-circular in shape and has a diameter that is substantially the same as the height of the bottom block. A rotatable applicator roll 19 ls positioned in the groove so that a portion of the applicator roll projects beyond the open end of the groove adjacent the elongated opening.
Figures 3 and 4 show the design of the chamber 7 that is utilized in this invention to provide a uniform film of sizing to the outlet. The sizing enters the chamber through apertures 25 that are in communication with the fluid passageways 13. At least one such aperture is used to supply fluid to the chamber from at least one such fluid passageway. To help provide the uniform distribution of sizing the sidewalls 21 of the chamber are constructed so that they are preferably parallel to one another.
The sidewalls 21 are also preferably perpendicular to the longi-tudinal axis of the opening from the chamber.
In addition, to help provide a uniform sizing distri-bution, the sidewalls and the backwall of the chamber are connected together by a curved wall portion that forms a radius at the rear of the chamber. The curved wall portion provides a surface that acts to direct the sizing from the backwall and corner along the sidewalls of the chamber.
Also, in the chamber there is a protrusion 28 having a base 29 and intersecting sidewalls 31. The base of the protrusion is positioned in contact with the backwall of the chamber. The protrusion is constructed so that the protrusion extends from the .
~v lOg5705 bottom wall of the chamber 7 to the top of the chamber 7. The sidewalls of the protrusion intersect at an apex 33 positioned in the chamber so that the apex is spaced apart from the opening.
The angle between the intersecting sidewalls of the protrusion should be in the range of about 60 to about 70 for the sidewalls of the protrusion to function effectively. However, in practice it has been found that it is preferable to have an angle of approximately 60 between the two intersecting sidewalls of the protrusion and for the two sidewalls of the protrusion to be approximately the same length to obtain the best distribution of the sizing. Also it has been found that the protrusion should extend into the chamber from the backwall about one half the distance from the backwall of the chamber to the opening of the chamber. A protrusion that extends halfway into the chamber provides sidewalls of sufficient length for the sizing to move in a uniform manner into the center of the chamber.
An additional feature that can be used in conjunction with the protrusion is a curved portion in the sidewalls of the protrusion forming a radius where the intersecting sidewalls join the backwall of the chamber. The curved portion of the sidewalls of the protrusion helps to eliminate any dead spots where the protrusion and backwall are connected.
Although the coating apparatus has been described as having at least one aperture it should be noted that almost any `~ number of apertures can work in the applicator. However, it has been found that four apertures 25 are satisfactory in most situ-ations. The apertures are also positioned so that they are in that portion of the chamber that is between the backwall of the chamber and a plane that is perpendicular to the sidewalls of the , - .:
lO9S705 chamber and passes through the apex of the protrusion. When the apertures are in this location the protrusion func-tions very effec-tively to distribute the sizing in the chamber.
In operation a fluid sizing is supplied to the chamber 7, through the passageways 13. The sizing passes through the chamber and exits through the elongated opening onto the applica-tor roll. Filaments are then drawn over the applicator roll so that they are coated with the fluid sizing located on the appli-cator roll. Tne applicator roll will be rotating so that a different portion of the roll, containing a fresh quan-tity of sizing, is supplied to the advancing filaments.
To effectively coat the filaments passed across the applicator roll the uniform distribution of sizing must be pre-sented on the applicator roll. To obtain the uniform distribution of sizing, enough sizing must be supplied to the chamber to com-pletely fill the chamber. ~hen the chamber is completely filled with sizing, the opening from the chamber will be completely filled with sizing and a uniform distribution of sizing will be distributed on the applicator roll from the opening.
However, it is difficult to completely fill the chamber with sizing because the sizings usually used in this applicator have a tendency to channel into a narrow area of the chamber and not completely fill the chamber. To help overcome the channeling problem the sidewalls of the chamber are constructed so that they are preferably parallel to one another. The parallel sidewalls of the chamber establish a uniform width for the chamber so that a uniform film of sizing will be present along the sidewalls of the chamber. The uniform film of sizing along the sidewalls of the chamber results in a better and more uniform concentration of C
1~957'~
sizing at the end region of the opening. This results in a more uniform film of sizing on the applicator roll.
The curved wall portion, where the sidewalls and back-wall of the chamber are connected together, also helps reduce channeling of the sizing in the chamber. The curved portion provides a surface that acts to direct the sizing from the back-wall and corner along the sidewall of the chamber. The curved wall portion helps to eliminate dead spots along the backwall and the corners of the chamber. Dead spots are areas within the chamber where the sizing becomes trapped and as a result the sizing remains in that area of the chamber instead of flowing through the chamber to the opening. Dead spots can interrllpt or disrupt the uniform flow of the sizing in the chamber so it is important that they be eliminated.
In addition, the protrusion in the chamber helps to provide a uniform distribution of sizing in the chamber, and reduces the tendency of the sizing to channel into narrow areas of the chamber. The function of the protrusion is to help the sizing from the apertures flow smoothly and uniformly into the center of the chamber. The sizing flows along the inter-secting sidewalls of the protrusion and uniformly flows to the center of the chamber. At the apex, the sizing from the aper-tures flows together and fills the center region of the chamber.
The protrusion provides a srnooth transition for the sizing and the smooth transition results in a substantially uniform distri-bution of sizing in the center of the chamber. Since the side-walls of the protrusion intersect at an apex spaced apart from the opening, the sizing from ~he apertures will flow together and establish a uniform distribution of sizing in the center region of the chamber p~ior to passing through the opening. The side-walls of the protrusion can also be joined to the backwall of the chamber with a curved wall portion to eliminate any dead spots where the protrusion and backwall are connected. The curved wall portions on the sidewalls of the protrusion will help the sizing flow smoothly along the intersecting sidewalls.
The chamber of the applicator, as described above, also acts to cause the sizing to move in a laminar flow and the laminar flow reduces turbulence and further improves the uni-formity and distribution of sizing in the chamber of the applicator.
The applicator of this invention can be used with most sizings that are applied to glass filaments or other filaments that are formed from heat-softened material. However, - a sizing that is a high viscosity liquid or a gel will normally be used with the applicator. Sizings classified as thixotropic -are very suitable for this applicator as are other sizings that can be applied in a thin sheet to the applicator roll. In practice, it has been found that a sieing with a viscosity in the range of 60 to :L200 centipoise will work very well in the applicator.
Having described an embodiment of the invention in detail and with reference to the drawings, it will be understood that such specifications are given for the sake of explanation.
Various modifications and substitutes other than those cited can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
_ g _
This invention pertains to apparatus for coating linear material. In one of its more specific aspects, the present inven-tion relates to apparatus for applying a sizing to filaments.
The technology which has been developed for the produc-tion of glass filaments presently makes possible the production of filaments having a diameter from approximately 0.0001 inch to approximately 0.0004 inch, at a rate of from approximately 4,000 feet per minute to 15,000 feet per minute.
One of the major problem areas in a filament forming technology has been the problem of glass upon glass abrasion.
When glass upon glass abrasion occurs, the glass filaments can easily be damaged. Damage to the filaments can produce an unaccep-table end product. Accordingly, abrasion among the filaments cannot be allowed to occux if a successful filament forming oper-ation is desired.
To overcome the problem of glass upon glass abrasion it has been widely theorized that a solid film of material must separate the filaments at all times to assure physical separation of the filaments. Of course, if the filaments are physically separated they cannot abrade upon one another.
To provide the physical separation of the filaments a number of coating or sizing materials can be applied to the fila-ments as the filaments are formed. The sizing materials are applied to the filaments by a variety of coating applicators that have been developed. However, since the filament forming operation ta~es place in such a short period of time and the filaments are traveling so rapidly, it is very difficult to apply the sizing material so that it completely covers the filaments as they are formed.
-- 1 -- ;.-, ~`~
,~
109570~
A recent development has been the use of roll type applicators to apply the sizing to the filaments during the filament forming process. The roll type applicator comprises a support-mounted applicator roll that is rotatable about a central axis and a pressure confining feed passage discharging tangentially across the width of the roll. The sizing is supplied to the feed passageway so that the sizing passes along the passageway and is deposited upon the surface of the ap~licator roll as the sizing leaves the passageway. The filaments that are to be coated are then passed across that portion of the applicator roll where the sizing is deposited from the feed passageway and the filaments become coated as the filaments remove the sizing from the applica-tor roll.
This type of applicator can work fairly effectively but it is difficult to obtain the proper uniform distribution of sizing on the applicator roll. The problem of obtaining the proper amount of sizing on t:he applicator roll is further complicated when the speeds at which the filaments are passing the applicator roll are considered. In any event when the proper uniform distri-bution of sizing is not present on the applicator roll the filamentsdo not receive the proper coating. When this happens, voids or bare spots can occur on the filaments and the glass upon glass abrasion problem again becomes significant. In practice it has proven to be very difficult to obtain the proper uniform sizing distribution across the width of the applicator roll because it is difficult to obtain a uniform distribution of sizing in the feed passageway. One reason for the non-uniform distribution of sizing in the feed passageway is that the sizings normally used have a tendency to channel in a narrow area of the feed passageway and not 1~)95705 completely fill the passageway. Of course, when the channeling occurs the sizing is not uniformly distributed in the feed chamber.
Also, there is usually a certain amount of turbulent flow of sizing in the feed passageway, and as a result air bubbles are often trapped in the si~ing. When the sizing is transferred to the applica.or roll the air bubbles are also transferred to the appli-cator roll. If a fllament is drawn through the area where an air bubble is locatedr the filament will not pick up enough sizing to be properly coated. As a result bare spots can exist on the fiia-ment and abrasion again becomes a problem.
An object of the present invention is to provide appara-tus which provides improved uniformity of distribution of coating liquid to material to be coated.
According to the invention there is provided apparatus for coating linear material with a liquid comprising:
a chamber having a backwall, a bottom wall, a top wall and two sidewalls, the bottom wall having at least one aperture for the introduction of a liquid into the chamber;
an elongated outlet opening at the front of the chamber for outflow of the liquid from the charnber;
a protrusion extending from the top wall to the bottom wall, the protrusion extending forwardly from the backwall and having sidewalls which intersect at an apex of the protrusion pos-itioned in the chamber so that the apex is spaced apart from the opening; and, a rotatable liquid applic~tor positioned proximate the ~-`
opening wherein liquid flowing from the opening is distributed uni-formly on said applicator during use of the apparatus.
The apparatus of the invention is particularly useful in the process of forming filaments of heat-softened mineral material ~095705 such as molten glass. In these processes a liquid coating or sizing is applied to individual glass filaments and the glass filaments combined into an untwisted filament bundle or glass strand that is wound onto a package. But the apparatus of the invention is useful in other processes that treat other types of linear n~aterial (for example, filament bundles such as yarn, cord, roving, etc. as well as monofilaments) made from glass or other filament forming material such as nylon and polyester. Thus, the disclosure of treating glass strand is only an example to explain the operation of the invention. The term "filaments" used in the specification and claims includes monofilaments and filament bundles, including bundles of continuous or discontinuous synthetic filaments with or without twist, in addition to bundles of natural filaments.
In the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention:-Figure 1 is a side elevation view of the applicator inoperation.
Figure 2 is a front elevation view of the applicator in peration.
Figure 3 is a top view of the applicator.
Figure 4 i5 a cross sectional view (taken along line 4-4 in Figure 2) of the fluid chamber of the applicator.
Figures 1 and 2 show an applicator 1 for applying liquid sizing to filaments. The applicator has a top block 3 and a bottom block 5. In one surface of the top block there is a chamber 7.
The chamber terminates in an elongated outlet opening 11 in the front wall 9 of the top block. The chamber has a height as indica-ted by the height 12 of the backwall of the chamber 27. The chamber ~.
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is connected to a source of fluid sizing by passageways 13 that pass through the bottom block and which open into chamber 7. The fluid sizing material is supplied to the passageways by any suit-able means (not shown~. The bottom block has an exterior groove 17 along one lateral edge. The groove is semi-circular in shape and has a diameter that is substantially the same as the height of the bottom block. A rotatable applicator roll 19 ls positioned in the groove so that a portion of the applicator roll projects beyond the open end of the groove adjacent the elongated opening.
Figures 3 and 4 show the design of the chamber 7 that is utilized in this invention to provide a uniform film of sizing to the outlet. The sizing enters the chamber through apertures 25 that are in communication with the fluid passageways 13. At least one such aperture is used to supply fluid to the chamber from at least one such fluid passageway. To help provide the uniform distribution of sizing the sidewalls 21 of the chamber are constructed so that they are preferably parallel to one another.
The sidewalls 21 are also preferably perpendicular to the longi-tudinal axis of the opening from the chamber.
In addition, to help provide a uniform sizing distri-bution, the sidewalls and the backwall of the chamber are connected together by a curved wall portion that forms a radius at the rear of the chamber. The curved wall portion provides a surface that acts to direct the sizing from the backwall and corner along the sidewalls of the chamber.
Also, in the chamber there is a protrusion 28 having a base 29 and intersecting sidewalls 31. The base of the protrusion is positioned in contact with the backwall of the chamber. The protrusion is constructed so that the protrusion extends from the .
~v lOg5705 bottom wall of the chamber 7 to the top of the chamber 7. The sidewalls of the protrusion intersect at an apex 33 positioned in the chamber so that the apex is spaced apart from the opening.
The angle between the intersecting sidewalls of the protrusion should be in the range of about 60 to about 70 for the sidewalls of the protrusion to function effectively. However, in practice it has been found that it is preferable to have an angle of approximately 60 between the two intersecting sidewalls of the protrusion and for the two sidewalls of the protrusion to be approximately the same length to obtain the best distribution of the sizing. Also it has been found that the protrusion should extend into the chamber from the backwall about one half the distance from the backwall of the chamber to the opening of the chamber. A protrusion that extends halfway into the chamber provides sidewalls of sufficient length for the sizing to move in a uniform manner into the center of the chamber.
An additional feature that can be used in conjunction with the protrusion is a curved portion in the sidewalls of the protrusion forming a radius where the intersecting sidewalls join the backwall of the chamber. The curved portion of the sidewalls of the protrusion helps to eliminate any dead spots where the protrusion and backwall are connected.
Although the coating apparatus has been described as having at least one aperture it should be noted that almost any `~ number of apertures can work in the applicator. However, it has been found that four apertures 25 are satisfactory in most situ-ations. The apertures are also positioned so that they are in that portion of the chamber that is between the backwall of the chamber and a plane that is perpendicular to the sidewalls of the , - .:
lO9S705 chamber and passes through the apex of the protrusion. When the apertures are in this location the protrusion func-tions very effec-tively to distribute the sizing in the chamber.
In operation a fluid sizing is supplied to the chamber 7, through the passageways 13. The sizing passes through the chamber and exits through the elongated opening onto the applica-tor roll. Filaments are then drawn over the applicator roll so that they are coated with the fluid sizing located on the appli-cator roll. Tne applicator roll will be rotating so that a different portion of the roll, containing a fresh quan-tity of sizing, is supplied to the advancing filaments.
To effectively coat the filaments passed across the applicator roll the uniform distribution of sizing must be pre-sented on the applicator roll. To obtain the uniform distribution of sizing, enough sizing must be supplied to the chamber to com-pletely fill the chamber. ~hen the chamber is completely filled with sizing, the opening from the chamber will be completely filled with sizing and a uniform distribution of sizing will be distributed on the applicator roll from the opening.
However, it is difficult to completely fill the chamber with sizing because the sizings usually used in this applicator have a tendency to channel into a narrow area of the chamber and not completely fill the chamber. To help overcome the channeling problem the sidewalls of the chamber are constructed so that they are preferably parallel to one another. The parallel sidewalls of the chamber establish a uniform width for the chamber so that a uniform film of sizing will be present along the sidewalls of the chamber. The uniform film of sizing along the sidewalls of the chamber results in a better and more uniform concentration of C
1~957'~
sizing at the end region of the opening. This results in a more uniform film of sizing on the applicator roll.
The curved wall portion, where the sidewalls and back-wall of the chamber are connected together, also helps reduce channeling of the sizing in the chamber. The curved portion provides a surface that acts to direct the sizing from the back-wall and corner along the sidewall of the chamber. The curved wall portion helps to eliminate dead spots along the backwall and the corners of the chamber. Dead spots are areas within the chamber where the sizing becomes trapped and as a result the sizing remains in that area of the chamber instead of flowing through the chamber to the opening. Dead spots can interrllpt or disrupt the uniform flow of the sizing in the chamber so it is important that they be eliminated.
In addition, the protrusion in the chamber helps to provide a uniform distribution of sizing in the chamber, and reduces the tendency of the sizing to channel into narrow areas of the chamber. The function of the protrusion is to help the sizing from the apertures flow smoothly and uniformly into the center of the chamber. The sizing flows along the inter-secting sidewalls of the protrusion and uniformly flows to the center of the chamber. At the apex, the sizing from the aper-tures flows together and fills the center region of the chamber.
The protrusion provides a srnooth transition for the sizing and the smooth transition results in a substantially uniform distri-bution of sizing in the center of the chamber. Since the side-walls of the protrusion intersect at an apex spaced apart from the opening, the sizing from ~he apertures will flow together and establish a uniform distribution of sizing in the center region of the chamber p~ior to passing through the opening. The side-walls of the protrusion can also be joined to the backwall of the chamber with a curved wall portion to eliminate any dead spots where the protrusion and backwall are connected. The curved wall portions on the sidewalls of the protrusion will help the sizing flow smoothly along the intersecting sidewalls.
The chamber of the applicator, as described above, also acts to cause the sizing to move in a laminar flow and the laminar flow reduces turbulence and further improves the uni-formity and distribution of sizing in the chamber of the applicator.
The applicator of this invention can be used with most sizings that are applied to glass filaments or other filaments that are formed from heat-softened material. However, - a sizing that is a high viscosity liquid or a gel will normally be used with the applicator. Sizings classified as thixotropic -are very suitable for this applicator as are other sizings that can be applied in a thin sheet to the applicator roll. In practice, it has been found that a sieing with a viscosity in the range of 60 to :L200 centipoise will work very well in the applicator.
Having described an embodiment of the invention in detail and with reference to the drawings, it will be understood that such specifications are given for the sake of explanation.
Various modifications and substitutes other than those cited can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
_ g _
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. Apparatus for coating linear material with a liquid comprising:
a chamber having a backwall, a bottom wall, a top wall and two sidewalls, the bottom wall having at least one aperture for the introduction of a liquid into the chamber;
an elongated outlet opening at the front of the chamber for outflow of the liquid from the chamber;
a protrusion extending from the top wall to the bottom wall, the protrusion extending forwardly from the backwall and having sidewalls which intersect at an apex of the protrusion positioned in the chamber so that the apex is spaced apart from the opening; and a rotatable liquid applicator positioned proximate the opening, wherein liquid flowing from said opening is distributed uniformly on said applicator during use of said apparatus.
a chamber having a backwall, a bottom wall, a top wall and two sidewalls, the bottom wall having at least one aperture for the introduction of a liquid into the chamber;
an elongated outlet opening at the front of the chamber for outflow of the liquid from the chamber;
a protrusion extending from the top wall to the bottom wall, the protrusion extending forwardly from the backwall and having sidewalls which intersect at an apex of the protrusion positioned in the chamber so that the apex is spaced apart from the opening; and a rotatable liquid applicator positioned proximate the opening, wherein liquid flowing from said opening is distributed uniformly on said applicator during use of said apparatus.
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two side-walls of the chamber are substantially parallel.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sidewalls of the chamber are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the outlet opening from the chamber.
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the two sidewalls of the chamber and the backwall of the chamber are connected by a curved wall portion.
5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3 wherein the intersecting sidewalls of the protrusion are joined with the backwall of the chamber by a curved wall portion so that fluid will flow smoothly and uniformly in the area where the intersecting sidewalls of the protrusion join the backwall.
6. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the apex of the protrusion is positioned about one half the distance between the backwall of the chamber and the opening from the chamber.
7. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the angle formed between the intersecting sidewalls of the protrusion is about 60°.
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the bottom wall has four apertures for introducing fluid into the chamber.
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the applicator is a cylindrical member.
10. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the opening is defined by the top and bottom walls and the sidewalls of the chamber.
11. Apparatus for coating linear material with a liquid, comprising: a chamber having a backwall, a bottom wall, a top wall and two substantially parallel sidewalls, the bottom wall having at least one aperture for the introduction of a liquid into the chamber and the walls defining an outlet opening at the front of the chamber for outflow of the liquid from the chamber, a protrusion extending from the top wall to the bottom wall, the protrusion extending forwardly from the backwall and having side-walls which intersect at an apex of the protrusion positioned in the chamber about midway between the backwall and the outlet opening, the at least one aperture being located in the chamber at a locus between the backwall of the chamber and a plane that is perpendicular to the sidewalls of the chamber and extends through the apex of the protrusion, the two sidewalls of the chamber being substantially perpendicular to the axis of the opening, the intersecting sidewalls of the protrusion being positioned so that an angle of about 60° is formed between the two sidewalls, and a rotatable roll positioned beneath the opening so that fluid passing from the opening is deposited on the roll.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US69588276A | 1976-06-14 | 1976-06-14 | |
| US695,882 | 1976-06-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1095705A true CA1095705A (en) | 1981-02-17 |
Family
ID=24794822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,857A Expired CA1095705A (en) | 1976-06-14 | 1977-05-06 | Apparatus for coating filaments |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1095705A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1554336A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19723458A1 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 1998-12-10 | Voith Sulzer Papiermasch Gmbh | Device and method for applying a liquid or pasty medium to a moving surface |
-
1977
- 1977-05-06 CA CA277,857A patent/CA1095705A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-06-14 GB GB2478677A patent/GB1554336A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB1554336A (en) | 1979-10-17 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |