CA1095313A - Soil cultivating implements - Google Patents
Soil cultivating implementsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1095313A CA1095313A CA261,435A CA261435A CA1095313A CA 1095313 A CA1095313 A CA 1095313A CA 261435 A CA261435 A CA 261435A CA 1095313 A CA1095313 A CA 1095313A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- axis
- members
- soil cultivating
- cultivating
- support
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A soil cultivating implement is disclosed comprising a plurality of cultivating members including a plurality of working members; a cultivating member rotating about a respective upwardly extending first axis in operation of the implement, and a working member in such operation turning about a respective upwardly extending second axis that itself rotates about said first axis with an operative portion of the working member trailing it. Such a construction facilitates designing the cultivating member such that, in operation, it can match constantly varying conditions of the soil being work-ed.
Description
53~.~
Thls invention relates to soil cultivating implements.
/\ccording to the present invention there is providecl a soil cult-ivating implement comprising a frame and a plurality of soil cultivating members mounted on a portion o:E said :Erame, each of saicl members being rotatable about a corresponding Eirs-t axis defined by an upwardly extending shaft supported on said frame portion, driving means connected to rota-te said cultivating members about said first axisJ said members comprising a support and tine means depending from said support, said tine means being rotatable about a second up~Yardly extending axis that is rotated around said first axis, said tine means comprising two spaced-apart tines having respective fastening portions and elongated operative portions which extend substantially parallel to a plane that passes through said second axis and said plane being normal to a line connection between the said fastening ~:
portions of the tines, said operative portions being inclined to a further plane that passes through said line connection and the second axis.
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Thls invention relates to soil cultivating implements.
/\ccording to the present invention there is providecl a soil cult-ivating implement comprising a frame and a plurality of soil cultivating members mounted on a portion o:E said :Erame, each of saicl members being rotatable about a corresponding Eirs-t axis defined by an upwardly extending shaft supported on said frame portion, driving means connected to rota-te said cultivating members about said first axisJ said members comprising a support and tine means depending from said support, said tine means being rotatable about a second up~Yardly extending axis that is rotated around said first axis, said tine means comprising two spaced-apart tines having respective fastening portions and elongated operative portions which extend substantially parallel to a plane that passes through said second axis and said plane being normal to a line connection between the said fastening ~:
portions of the tines, said operative portions being inclined to a further plane that passes through said line connection and the second axis.
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2--For a ~ette:r unders-tanding of the inven-tion and to show how the same may be carried into e.ffect9 re~erence will now be made~ by way o~ ex~mple, to the accompanying drawings in which~-~ igure 1 is a diagramma-tic plan view of' a soil cultiva-t:Lng implement, Figure 2 is a sec-tional view taken o.n the line II-II in ~igure 1 and drawn to a larger scale, Figure 3 is a plan view on a scale similar to tha-t of ~igure 2 showing -two adjacen-t cultivating members of the implement, ~ igure 4 is a sectional view on a still larger scale on -the line IV-IV in Figure 3, Figure 5 is a sectional view taken on the line IV-I~ in Fîgure 4, Figure 6 is a detail plan view illustrating the connection of a support of a cul-tivating member with a driving shaft for this cultivating member in the implement of ~igure~ 1 to 5, Figure 7 is a view simllar to Flgure 4 of a modified orm9 Figure 8 is a view taken in the direGtion of arrow VIII in Figure 7, Figure 9 is a plan view of a second form of oultivating member, and ~ igure 10 is a vlew taken on the line X~X in ~igure 9, partly in sectio~O
~ he soil cul-tivating implement shown in Figures 1 to 6 has a frame having a hollow9 steel-sheet frame portion 1 .. ..
extending -transversely o~ t:he interlded direction of opera-tive travel A of -the implement, The ~rame portion 1 includes a casing 2 and a subjacent trollgh 3 whose longitudi.nal centre lines are substantially horizontal and paral.lel -to onc anotherO The casing 2 has a substan-tially rectangular cross-section, whereas the trough 3 has side wall~ extending upwardly and outwardly from the base of the trough so -that -the broader part of the trough is adjacent the base o-f the casingO
The casing 2 ha~ an upper and a lower wall lits base) formed of sheet materialO ~he upper wall has a horizontal portion terminating along the front and rear edges in downwardly bent~over identical longitudinal sidesO Each of the~c identical longitudinal sides termlnates in substan-tially horizontal clamping rim 4 covering the whole length of the fram portion 1~ ~he lower wall of the casing 2 has a substantially horizontal por-t~on terminating along the front and rear edge~ in upwardly bent over idential longitudinal sides~ ~hese idential longitudinal sides extend upwardly over a distance which is subs-tantially e~ual to the distance over which t.he longi-tudinal sides of the upper wal~ extend downwards, and ~ach terminates in a hori~ontal clamping rim 5O ~he upwardly outwardly inclined side wall~ of the trough 3, which ex-tend from a horizontal central portion ~lts base), are ben-t over up-wardly a-t the level of the lower wall o~ the casing and engage -the longitudinal sides of this lower wallO ~hese bent-over portlons terminate in clamping rims 6~ The uppcr and lower walls o~ the casing 2 aro clamped .
~ he soil cul-tivating implement shown in Figures 1 to 6 has a frame having a hollow9 steel-sheet frame portion 1 .. ..
extending -transversely o~ t:he interlded direction of opera-tive travel A of -the implement, The ~rame portion 1 includes a casing 2 and a subjacent trollgh 3 whose longitudi.nal centre lines are substantially horizontal and paral.lel -to onc anotherO The casing 2 has a substan-tially rectangular cross-section, whereas the trough 3 has side wall~ extending upwardly and outwardly from the base of the trough so -that -the broader part of the trough is adjacent the base o-f the casingO
The casing 2 ha~ an upper and a lower wall lits base) formed of sheet materialO ~he upper wall has a horizontal portion terminating along the front and rear edges in downwardly bent~over identical longitudinal sidesO Each of the~c identical longitudinal sides termlnates in substan-tially horizontal clamping rim 4 covering the whole length of the fram portion 1~ ~he lower wall of the casing 2 has a substantially horizontal por-t~on terminating along the front and rear edge~ in upwardly bent over idential longitudinal sides~ ~hese idential longitudinal sides extend upwardly over a distance which is subs-tantially e~ual to the distance over which t.he longi-tudinal sides of the upper wal~ extend downwards, and ~ach terminates in a hori~ontal clamping rim 5O ~he upwardly outwardly inclined side wall~ of the trough 3, which ex-tend from a horizontal central portion ~lts base), are ben-t over up-wardly a-t the level of the lower wall o~ the casing and engage -the longitudinal sides of this lower wallO ~hese bent-over portlons terminate in clamping rims 6~ The uppcr and lower walls o~ the casing 2 aro clamped .
3~
together by their respec-tive clamping ri.ms 4 and 5 wi-th the a-ld o:~ bolt~ 7~ Stu~fing ma-te:rial 8 of a hard synthe tic resin ls interposed be-tween the clamping rims 4 and 50 The stuffirlg materlal 8 has -the shape of a ~trlp having -thickened rirnsO One of the thickened rims is hollow and is engaged by the inner faces of the clamping rims 4 and 5, whereas the o-ther thickened rim is solid wi-th a rounded off ou-ter side and is engaged by -the ou-ter faces of the clamping rimsO ~he clamping rim 6 o~ the trough 3 constitutas a support for the casing 2 to which -the clamped-toge-ther rims 4 and 5 are secured by means of bolts which alternate with the bolts 7 such tha-t the through 3 can be disconnected from the casing 2 without the walls ~orming the casing moving away from one anotherO
~ he base of the c~sing 2 and of the trough 3 have opposite~ circular openings so that the centres thereof are spaced apart by a distance of abou-t 50 cmsO
~he aligned openings receive bearing housings 9 ~or shafts 10 o~ rotatable cultivating members llo Each bearing housing 9 has a lower flange 12 which is bolted to the lower face o~ the base of the trough 30 ~he upper end of -th~ bearing housing 9 extends into the casing 2 and has a narrowed part at its upper end which is adapted to co-operate with a ring 13 immediately fitting there-around and ha~ing a ri~. extending in-to the opening and being bolted to the base of the casingO Be-tween -the ring 13 and thc base wall of -the casing 2 is in-terposed stuffing material~ A circular recess (not shown) in the narrowed part of the bearing housing 9 is also provided with ~ 5 . "
,3 stu~ing material so that an effective ~eal is obtained for preventing leakage of lubricant from th~ ca~ing 20 - Inside the casing 2 the top end of each shaft 10 is provided with a gear wheel 14 with the gear wheels 14 on the shaf-ts 10 o~ two ad~acent cul-tivating members 11 drivably in mesh with one ano-ther~ Near the centre of -the frame portion 1, at the front, a ~haft 15 pro~ecting from the top of the trough 3 is p:rovided with a gear wheel 15A which is adapted to co-operate with the gear wheel 14 on the shaft 10 of a cultivating member 11 located near the middleO ~he shaft 15 with the gear wheel 15A is supported in bearings in the lower and upper walls of the casing 2 and extend~ into a gear box 16 on the top of the ca~ing 2~ Inside the gear box 16 a bevel gear wheel 17 on the i~haft 15 is drivably connected with a bevel gear wheel 18 on a shaft 19 extending in the direction of ,:~ tra~el A and pro~ecti~g from the front of the gear box 16o 3~ where it can be coupled through an auxiliary shaft with the power take-off shaft of a tractorO
~ ach shaft 10 is provided at its end projecting ~rom the bottom of the frame portion 1 and ~aving key ways , with a hub 20 of a support 21~ ~he hub 20 i~ fixed to the end of the shaft 10 by means of a locking rlng and a nu-tO
Each support 21 1ncludes two relatively co-operating plates 22 and 23~ each ha~ng a-t th~ir circumference a rim 24 and a 25 re~pectively bent-over at right angles so that the i~ lower plate 23 is located with its upwardly bent-over rim 25 inside the downwardly bent-over rim 24 of the upper plate 22 :~
(~igure 4~O Each of the plates 22 and 23 has around the ', shaft 10 depresslons 26 spaced apart by circumferential angles of 120 and being adap-ted to co-.operate on the side of the sha~t with recesses 27 in the hub 20~ ~he depressiorl~ 26 recei.ve the heads of bol-ts ~9 by mea~s o~ which -the plates 22 and 23 and the hub 20 are clamped togetherO
Vlewed in the directlon of the rotary axis o~ each cultivating member 11 its pla-tes 22 and 23 are substantially triangular~ but with the corners being rounded o~ and the sides between the corners of shallow, inwardly~directed V=formation (see Figures 1 and 3)0 At the corners the plates 22 and 23 have opposite 9 a circular apertures receiving the ends of a bearing housing 30 for a fraely rotatable stub shaft 310 Inside the bearing housing 30 . . .
ball bearings 32 and 32A are separated by a shoulder ~rom one anotherO ~he lower ball bearing 32A bears on a shoulder 33 of the stub sha~t 31; whereas -the upper ball bearing 32 is encloæed be-tween the shoulder in the bearing housing 30 and a circlip 31A surrounding the stub shaft 310 On the top the bearing housing 30 is clo~ed by means of a cap 35c which is held in place with the aid of a circlip 360 At the bottom the bearing housing is closed by a shoulder 37 on the stub shaft 310 At the end projecti~g out of the bearing housing 30 each stub shaft 31 is provided with a bracket 38 which is integral with the stub shaft and has limbs that are downwardly inclined away from the web of the bracket located a-t the centre of -the stub shaft 3i (~igure 5) with re~pect to the longitudinal centre line of -the stub shaft 9 which line ls ~ubstantially parallel to the ,. . . ~ .
longitudinal cen-tre line of the shaft 10 and forms the rotary axis of the cultivating member 110 The limb~ of the bracket 38 have each an aperture in which by means o-f a bolt 39 a pair of strips making up a soil working member 40 is held in line with the limbO The head of each bolt 39 i~ located on the outer side, whereas the portion holding the nu-t is locatecl inside protective members 41 interconnecting the limbs of the bracket 38 and being curved upl~ardly at the middle (~igure 4)0 The strips making up the soil working members 40, which ;~
constitute tines, are straight and are preferably made from leaf spring steelO The lower ends of the strips of each working member 40 extend substantially parallel to ~ :
the plates 22 and 23 of the support 210 The active portion of each of the strips of each working member 40 is lo~ated for the major part on one side of a plane passing through the longi-tudinal centre line of the freely rotatable stub shaft 31 and the longitudinal centre line of the web of the bracket 38, and i9 at an angle of about 20 to this planèO
~ he strips of each working member 40 are spaced apart by equal distances from, and are parallel to 9 a plane passing through the longitudinal centre line of -the stub -shaft 31 and being at right angles to ~the longitudinal centre line of the web of the bracket 380 Th~ distance between the strips of each working member 40 i6 preferably about 20 cmsO ;
The distance between the shafts 10 of each cultivatlng member 11 and the longitudinal ce~tre llne of the stub shaft 31 ls preferably about 17 cmsO
f ~ ~q~33 ~
The s-tub shaf-ts 31 are preferably spaced apart from one another by a distance of about 35 cmsO
In -the form of Figures 7 and 8 a stub shaf-t 31 is provided with a working member 40 formed by a single s-trip o.E leaf spring steel~
At ltS end the frame portion 1 is provided wi-th vertical plates 42 extending bayond the frame portion to the front and rearO A-t the front each of the p:Lates 42 ha~ a stub shaft 43, about which an arm 44 extending along the plate is adapted to -turnO ~he arms 44 ex-tend from their pivotal mounts to near the rear end of their plates 42 in a substantially straight line and are bent over to terminate in a rearwardly and downwardly i.nclined portionO
~hese por-tions of the arms 44 hold between them a rotatable crumbler or ~uppor-t member 45 ha~ing a central, tubular support 46 along which plate-shaped supports 47 are prsvidedO
At the circumferen-tial portions of the plate-shaped supports 47 elongated elements 48 extend heliçally in the direction of the rotary axis of the support member 450 By means of a bol-t 49 co-operating with any selected one of a plurality of holes 50 in the rear of each plate the arms 44 can be set in any selected one of a plurality of posi-tions in order -to adjust the posi-tion of the support member 45 with respect to the frame portion 1 and thereby to adjust the working depth of the rotating cultivating members 110 A-t the level of the rear of the frame portion 1 a stub shaf-t 51 is provided near the bo~tom of each plate 42 for a pivotable arm 52 extending forwardl~ along the plate ~Figure 4~0 Near the front the arms 52 terminate in downwardly and :forwardly inclined por-tionsO Between the arms 52 a support 54 pivo-table abou-t its longi-tlldina'l. centre line is supported by means of stub shafts 530 'l`he support 54 includes a channel-section beam 55 receiving at i-ts open rear end a second channe'l~section beam having shorter limbs so that the ends of the limbs o~ t:he two channel section beams are co-terminousO ~he channel-section beams 55 and 56 are lnterconnected by means of 'bolts 57 arranged in pairs and forming fastenings for strip-shaped elongated elements 58 each of a single leng-th of spring steel arranged between -the limbs of the channel-section beam 56~ It will be seen from Figure 2 that the strip-shaped elongated elements 58 are inclined rearwardly and downwardly away from the support 54 and, viewed on plan (~igure~ they extend up to the paths ., described~ in operation by the working members 40 of a cultivating member 11~ To this end the elements 58 located immediately in front of each shaft 10 are shorter than the elements 58 on either side -thereof~ which increase in length ~' the further they are from the shaft 100 Al-though the respective elongated elements have different lengths, -they are designated by the same re~erence numeral for the sake ~' of clarifyO Furthermore, from Figure 1 it will be apparen-t that the elemen-ts 58 located at the region of the middle ~
between -the rotary axes of two adjacent cultiva-ting members 119, and which consequently have the greater length9 are also the closest to one another, whereas the shor-ter elements 58 located in -the regions directly in front of the rotary axes of the cultivating members 11~ are fur-thest remote from Gne another~ Since the elements 58 located midway between two ~0 a~es o~ ad~acent culti.vating member~ 11 are olosest one another, -they can extend as ~ar as pos~ible to the rearO
Ea.rs 59 near the ends o~ the ~upport 54 hold pivotable rods 60, each passed through an openin~ in a support 61 on the adJacent arm 520 On either side of the support 61 compression springs 62 are provided on each rod 60~ -the force exerted b~ -these springs being adjustable by means of a nut 630 Near each end of the frame portion l at -the front a pair of supports 54 extends upwardly9 these supports holding between then an upwardly and rearwardly inclined arm 650 At -the rear end each arm 65 is provided with plate~
~haped supports 66 extending downwardly and secured to the rear of the frame portionO The supports 66 on either side of each arm 65 extend to the rear over a distance and constitute ears between whlch a downwardly extending support 67 is arrangedp which is fixed in place with ~espec-t to the ears by means of a pin 680 Between the lower ends of the supports 67 a substantially horizontal soil levelling beam 69 extends transversely of the direction of travel A
and subtantially parallel to a plane passing through the rotary axes of the cultivating members 110 The beam 69 is hollow and has an angular, preferably square cross-section (Figure 2)o From Figure 2 it will be apparent that -the beam 69 is disposea so that a diago:nal is substantially ver-ticalO On the lower faces the beam 69 is provided wi-th an angle-section iron 70 so that one limb of the angle-section iron is in line with one downwardly and rearwardly inclined face at the front of the beamO At the level of ~ 11 . . .. ~ , ~ , ~53~3 the middle between the rotary axes of two adaacen-t cultivating member~ 11 the angle-section iron is provided with forwardly inclined and converging plates 71, which overlap one another a-t the front b;y bent-over portion~
(Fi~ure 1)O Away ~rom the beam 69 (-that is ~orwardly) the wldth of the~e plates 71 increases (~igure 2~ and the plate~ :
are pre~erably made ~rom elastic material, for example, leaf ~..
spring steelO Each plate 71 is curved so tha-t it is ~ub~tantially coaxial with the rotary axis of the adjacent cultivating member 11~ and is loca-ted in the pro~imity of the outermost path described by the working members 40 of this cultivating memberO The support 67 for each beam 69 :
has a second hole 68A for the pin 68 so that the support can be displaced in a direction of height~ Near the centre each support 67 i~ provided a-t the front with two ears 72g one on each side, through which a pin 73 ca~ be passed for fastening a fork shaped part o~ a rod 74, which is passed through a support 75 on the frame portion 1 and is ~urrounded on the side remote from the support 75 by a compression ~pring 76 whlch is locked between the support 75 and a locking ring 77 on the free end of the rod 74~ With the aid :
; of the rod 74 and the compression spring 76 the support 67 :is capable of turning, in operation, against the spring force to the rear about the pin 68, ~o that it can deflect to the rear ~he implements described above operate a~ fOllOWB
: In operation the implement is attached to the three-point : lift of a tractor by means of a hitch 7g at the front o~
the ~`rame portion 1 and the respective cultlvating members 11 ~ 12 ~
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are driven about upwardly ex-tending axee via the -transmission.
gear described and an auxiliary sha~t from the power ta}ce-o~
shaft of the tractor~ ~he ad.jacen-t cult-.Lvating member~ 1'1 -thus rotate in -the direction o~ the arcuate arrows in ~igure 10 During the rotation of each cul-tiva-tlng member 11 the working members 40 -thereo~ -tend -to occupy the posi~tion shown in the ~igures~ in which -the major part~ of the strips of the working members trail will re~pec-t to the longitudinal upwardly extending centre lin~s of the s-tub shafts 31 abou-t which the working member~ are rotatableO
Owing to the~r free pivotability and to their operative portions trailing with respect to the direction o~ rotation9 the working members 40 continue to occupy during the rotation of the cultivating members 11, the position most effective for tilling the soil, the working members of adjacent cultiv~ting members tilling overIapplng s-trips of soil 9 whilst even on heavy, wet soil a maximum ef~ect in crumbling up the ear-th is ensured with minimal smearing of -the soilO ~.
~he pivotability of the working members ~O and -the leaf spring steel thereof mi-nimises, in operation9 the ri~k of -.
damage due to impact on stones or similar hard objectsO In order to preven-t the earth from being laterally displaced to an undesirable extent at the front the strip-shaped elements 58 of leaf-spring s-teel are provided in front of the cultivating members in positions inclined away from -their support in downward and rearward directionO The strip shaped elements 58 capture the earth pushed forwards by the working members 40 of the respective cultivating members 11 and conduct it gradually away to the rear dur:ing the travel 3~3 of the implementO ~he strip-shaped elements 58 furthermore prepare the strip of soil to be tilled by the cultiv~ting members 119 the elements drawing slots in the ground i.n the d.irection of tr~vel A9 the crlImbling of the ear-th being thus i.ni-tiated to some extentO During -their passage through the ground -the strip-~haped elements 58 are pressed agains-t the ground by means of the 3pring mechanisms at the ends of their support) whilst they can deflect upwardly against spring force in the event of impact on stones or similar hard objectsO In operation the arms 52 are ~reely pivotable~
a stop 78 limiting an excessive downward movementO
In operation the profiled soil levelli.ng beam 69 located between the rotatable support or crumbler ~ember 45 :~
and the cultivating members 11 is in a posi-tion as shown in Figure 20 ~he forwaraly extending extensions in the form of the plates 71 which are substantially coaxial with the rotary axes of two co-operating cultivating members, capture the earth conducted away to the rear between two cultivating members 11 and conduct it away on either side in a gradual manner3 after whlch the earth is evenly distributed by the levelling beam 6g so that a flat strip of tilled soil is obtainedO The levelling beam 69 with the plates 71 can ;
deflect, in operation9 against spring force, the beam then turning about -the pins 68 by means of which the beam is supported between the supports 66 and the ends of the arms 65~ ~he position o~ the beam 6g can be changed7 since the second holes 68A are provided~ for matching the working depth of the cultivating members 110 Since the supports of the cultivating members 11 are made of profiled plates, a reliable ~ 14 -.~ ~ ~: . ,., " - , 3.~-~3 ~3 and yet simple struc-ture ls obtained~
~ igures 9 a:nd 10 show a cul-tivating member 79 in which the upper plate 80 of a support 81 has a depression 82 at each corne:r which is surrounded by a housing 83 located within the platesO Each housing 83 joints an opening in the lower plate 84 in which a stub shaft 85 of a 90il working member is located which intimately joins the wall of the housing 83 in-to which extends the depression in the upper pla-te 80~ ~he stub sha~t 85 engages by a shoulder 86 the lower plate 84 and is secured in place by means of a bolt ~7 passed through an opening in the despression 820 Each soil working member lncludes a : support 89 ~reely rotatable by means o~ a hub 88 about a respective one of the stub sha~ts 85O Each support 89 has three arms spaced apart by circumferential angles of 120 about the stub shaft 85 and ex-tending radially from the hub and slightly inclined downwardsy these armæ having sti~feni~g ridges on both sides carrying holders 90 at the outer ends for the fastening portions of downwardly exte.nding tines 910 r~he holders 90 taper from bottom to top and have an angular, in the form illustrated square, cross~section, as is shown in Figure 90 In the respec-tive holders can be ~ixed the fastening portions of the respective tines 91, which have an angular cross-section and taper towards their free endsO ~he fastening portion are secured in the respective holders by means of a nut 92 screwed on-to the free end OL the ~astening portion~ Each time 91 haæ an operati.ve portion extending away ~rom the fastening portion and taperirlg rectilinearly -towards its free endsO
- 15 ~
3~.3 The operative portion of each tine also has an an~ular cross-section and can be set in four di.:fferent positions by turni.ng the fastc~ g po-r-t:ion about its longitudinal axis after release of the nut 92. The longitudi.nal centre line of the operative tine portion is at an anglc o:E at least 15 to the longi-tlldinal centre line of the fastening portion of the tine. The position of the t;nes 91 shown in the Figures the operative portions of the tines trail, in operation, with respect to the direction in which they are caused to rotate about upwardly extending axes by their contact with the ground when ~he cultivating members are driven to rotate in the directions ind-icated in Figure 1 about upwardly extending axes. The groups of tines 91 thus work strips of soil of about 20 cms. The distance between the centre lines of the stub shafts 85 and the rotary axes of the cultivating members 79 corresponds with that in the preceding embodiment. When the cultivating members 79 are employed, it is also possible to use the strip-shaped elong-ated elements 58 at the front in order to prepare the strip of soil to be tilled by the cultivating members and in order to prevent earth from being laterally displaced to an undesirable extent. Moreover, the levelling beam 69 described above may be used so that after the passage of the cultivating members the strip of land is levelled out in the manner described above.
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together by their respec-tive clamping ri.ms 4 and 5 wi-th the a-ld o:~ bolt~ 7~ Stu~fing ma-te:rial 8 of a hard synthe tic resin ls interposed be-tween the clamping rims 4 and 50 The stuffirlg materlal 8 has -the shape of a ~trlp having -thickened rirnsO One of the thickened rims is hollow and is engaged by the inner faces of the clamping rims 4 and 5, whereas the o-ther thickened rim is solid wi-th a rounded off ou-ter side and is engaged by -the ou-ter faces of the clamping rimsO ~he clamping rim 6 o~ the trough 3 constitutas a support for the casing 2 to which -the clamped-toge-ther rims 4 and 5 are secured by means of bolts which alternate with the bolts 7 such tha-t the through 3 can be disconnected from the casing 2 without the walls ~orming the casing moving away from one anotherO
~ he base of the c~sing 2 and of the trough 3 have opposite~ circular openings so that the centres thereof are spaced apart by a distance of abou-t 50 cmsO
~he aligned openings receive bearing housings 9 ~or shafts 10 o~ rotatable cultivating members llo Each bearing housing 9 has a lower flange 12 which is bolted to the lower face o~ the base of the trough 30 ~he upper end of -th~ bearing housing 9 extends into the casing 2 and has a narrowed part at its upper end which is adapted to co-operate with a ring 13 immediately fitting there-around and ha~ing a ri~. extending in-to the opening and being bolted to the base of the casingO Be-tween -the ring 13 and thc base wall of -the casing 2 is in-terposed stuffing material~ A circular recess (not shown) in the narrowed part of the bearing housing 9 is also provided with ~ 5 . "
,3 stu~ing material so that an effective ~eal is obtained for preventing leakage of lubricant from th~ ca~ing 20 - Inside the casing 2 the top end of each shaft 10 is provided with a gear wheel 14 with the gear wheels 14 on the shaf-ts 10 o~ two ad~acent cul-tivating members 11 drivably in mesh with one ano-ther~ Near the centre of -the frame portion 1, at the front, a ~haft 15 pro~ecting from the top of the trough 3 is p:rovided with a gear wheel 15A which is adapted to co-operate with the gear wheel 14 on the shaft 10 of a cultivating member 11 located near the middleO ~he shaft 15 with the gear wheel 15A is supported in bearings in the lower and upper walls of the casing 2 and extend~ into a gear box 16 on the top of the ca~ing 2~ Inside the gear box 16 a bevel gear wheel 17 on the i~haft 15 is drivably connected with a bevel gear wheel 18 on a shaft 19 extending in the direction of ,:~ tra~el A and pro~ecti~g from the front of the gear box 16o 3~ where it can be coupled through an auxiliary shaft with the power take-off shaft of a tractorO
~ ach shaft 10 is provided at its end projecting ~rom the bottom of the frame portion 1 and ~aving key ways , with a hub 20 of a support 21~ ~he hub 20 i~ fixed to the end of the shaft 10 by means of a locking rlng and a nu-tO
Each support 21 1ncludes two relatively co-operating plates 22 and 23~ each ha~ng a-t th~ir circumference a rim 24 and a 25 re~pectively bent-over at right angles so that the i~ lower plate 23 is located with its upwardly bent-over rim 25 inside the downwardly bent-over rim 24 of the upper plate 22 :~
(~igure 4~O Each of the plates 22 and 23 has around the ', shaft 10 depresslons 26 spaced apart by circumferential angles of 120 and being adap-ted to co-.operate on the side of the sha~t with recesses 27 in the hub 20~ ~he depressiorl~ 26 recei.ve the heads of bol-ts ~9 by mea~s o~ which -the plates 22 and 23 and the hub 20 are clamped togetherO
Vlewed in the directlon of the rotary axis o~ each cultivating member 11 its pla-tes 22 and 23 are substantially triangular~ but with the corners being rounded o~ and the sides between the corners of shallow, inwardly~directed V=formation (see Figures 1 and 3)0 At the corners the plates 22 and 23 have opposite 9 a circular apertures receiving the ends of a bearing housing 30 for a fraely rotatable stub shaft 310 Inside the bearing housing 30 . . .
ball bearings 32 and 32A are separated by a shoulder ~rom one anotherO ~he lower ball bearing 32A bears on a shoulder 33 of the stub sha~t 31; whereas -the upper ball bearing 32 is encloæed be-tween the shoulder in the bearing housing 30 and a circlip 31A surrounding the stub shaft 310 On the top the bearing housing 30 is clo~ed by means of a cap 35c which is held in place with the aid of a circlip 360 At the bottom the bearing housing is closed by a shoulder 37 on the stub shaft 310 At the end projecti~g out of the bearing housing 30 each stub shaft 31 is provided with a bracket 38 which is integral with the stub shaft and has limbs that are downwardly inclined away from the web of the bracket located a-t the centre of -the stub shaft 3i (~igure 5) with re~pect to the longitudinal centre line of -the stub shaft 9 which line ls ~ubstantially parallel to the ,. . . ~ .
longitudinal cen-tre line of the shaft 10 and forms the rotary axis of the cultivating member 110 The limb~ of the bracket 38 have each an aperture in which by means o-f a bolt 39 a pair of strips making up a soil working member 40 is held in line with the limbO The head of each bolt 39 i~ located on the outer side, whereas the portion holding the nu-t is locatecl inside protective members 41 interconnecting the limbs of the bracket 38 and being curved upl~ardly at the middle (~igure 4)0 The strips making up the soil working members 40, which ;~
constitute tines, are straight and are preferably made from leaf spring steelO The lower ends of the strips of each working member 40 extend substantially parallel to ~ :
the plates 22 and 23 of the support 210 The active portion of each of the strips of each working member 40 is lo~ated for the major part on one side of a plane passing through the longi-tudinal centre line of the freely rotatable stub shaft 31 and the longitudinal centre line of the web of the bracket 38, and i9 at an angle of about 20 to this planèO
~ he strips of each working member 40 are spaced apart by equal distances from, and are parallel to 9 a plane passing through the longitudinal centre line of -the stub -shaft 31 and being at right angles to ~the longitudinal centre line of the web of the bracket 380 Th~ distance between the strips of each working member 40 i6 preferably about 20 cmsO ;
The distance between the shafts 10 of each cultivatlng member 11 and the longitudinal ce~tre llne of the stub shaft 31 ls preferably about 17 cmsO
f ~ ~q~33 ~
The s-tub shaf-ts 31 are preferably spaced apart from one another by a distance of about 35 cmsO
In -the form of Figures 7 and 8 a stub shaf-t 31 is provided with a working member 40 formed by a single s-trip o.E leaf spring steel~
At ltS end the frame portion 1 is provided wi-th vertical plates 42 extending bayond the frame portion to the front and rearO A-t the front each of the p:Lates 42 ha~ a stub shaft 43, about which an arm 44 extending along the plate is adapted to -turnO ~he arms 44 ex-tend from their pivotal mounts to near the rear end of their plates 42 in a substantially straight line and are bent over to terminate in a rearwardly and downwardly i.nclined portionO
~hese por-tions of the arms 44 hold between them a rotatable crumbler or ~uppor-t member 45 ha~ing a central, tubular support 46 along which plate-shaped supports 47 are prsvidedO
At the circumferen-tial portions of the plate-shaped supports 47 elongated elements 48 extend heliçally in the direction of the rotary axis of the support member 450 By means of a bol-t 49 co-operating with any selected one of a plurality of holes 50 in the rear of each plate the arms 44 can be set in any selected one of a plurality of posi-tions in order -to adjust the posi-tion of the support member 45 with respect to the frame portion 1 and thereby to adjust the working depth of the rotating cultivating members 110 A-t the level of the rear of the frame portion 1 a stub shaf-t 51 is provided near the bo~tom of each plate 42 for a pivotable arm 52 extending forwardl~ along the plate ~Figure 4~0 Near the front the arms 52 terminate in downwardly and :forwardly inclined por-tionsO Between the arms 52 a support 54 pivo-table abou-t its longi-tlldina'l. centre line is supported by means of stub shafts 530 'l`he support 54 includes a channel-section beam 55 receiving at i-ts open rear end a second channe'l~section beam having shorter limbs so that the ends of the limbs o~ t:he two channel section beams are co-terminousO ~he channel-section beams 55 and 56 are lnterconnected by means of 'bolts 57 arranged in pairs and forming fastenings for strip-shaped elongated elements 58 each of a single leng-th of spring steel arranged between -the limbs of the channel-section beam 56~ It will be seen from Figure 2 that the strip-shaped elongated elements 58 are inclined rearwardly and downwardly away from the support 54 and, viewed on plan (~igure~ they extend up to the paths ., described~ in operation by the working members 40 of a cultivating member 11~ To this end the elements 58 located immediately in front of each shaft 10 are shorter than the elements 58 on either side -thereof~ which increase in length ~' the further they are from the shaft 100 Al-though the respective elongated elements have different lengths, -they are designated by the same re~erence numeral for the sake ~' of clarifyO Furthermore, from Figure 1 it will be apparen-t that the elemen-ts 58 located at the region of the middle ~
between -the rotary axes of two adjacent cultiva-ting members 119, and which consequently have the greater length9 are also the closest to one another, whereas the shor-ter elements 58 located in -the regions directly in front of the rotary axes of the cultivating members 11~ are fur-thest remote from Gne another~ Since the elements 58 located midway between two ~0 a~es o~ ad~acent culti.vating member~ 11 are olosest one another, -they can extend as ~ar as pos~ible to the rearO
Ea.rs 59 near the ends o~ the ~upport 54 hold pivotable rods 60, each passed through an openin~ in a support 61 on the adJacent arm 520 On either side of the support 61 compression springs 62 are provided on each rod 60~ -the force exerted b~ -these springs being adjustable by means of a nut 630 Near each end of the frame portion l at -the front a pair of supports 54 extends upwardly9 these supports holding between then an upwardly and rearwardly inclined arm 650 At -the rear end each arm 65 is provided with plate~
~haped supports 66 extending downwardly and secured to the rear of the frame portionO The supports 66 on either side of each arm 65 extend to the rear over a distance and constitute ears between whlch a downwardly extending support 67 is arrangedp which is fixed in place with ~espec-t to the ears by means of a pin 680 Between the lower ends of the supports 67 a substantially horizontal soil levelling beam 69 extends transversely of the direction of travel A
and subtantially parallel to a plane passing through the rotary axes of the cultivating members 110 The beam 69 is hollow and has an angular, preferably square cross-section (Figure 2)o From Figure 2 it will be apparent that -the beam 69 is disposea so that a diago:nal is substantially ver-ticalO On the lower faces the beam 69 is provided wi-th an angle-section iron 70 so that one limb of the angle-section iron is in line with one downwardly and rearwardly inclined face at the front of the beamO At the level of ~ 11 . . .. ~ , ~ , ~53~3 the middle between the rotary axes of two adaacen-t cultivating member~ 11 the angle-section iron is provided with forwardly inclined and converging plates 71, which overlap one another a-t the front b;y bent-over portion~
(Fi~ure 1)O Away ~rom the beam 69 (-that is ~orwardly) the wldth of the~e plates 71 increases (~igure 2~ and the plate~ :
are pre~erably made ~rom elastic material, for example, leaf ~..
spring steelO Each plate 71 is curved so tha-t it is ~ub~tantially coaxial with the rotary axis of the adjacent cultivating member 11~ and is loca-ted in the pro~imity of the outermost path described by the working members 40 of this cultivating memberO The support 67 for each beam 69 :
has a second hole 68A for the pin 68 so that the support can be displaced in a direction of height~ Near the centre each support 67 i~ provided a-t the front with two ears 72g one on each side, through which a pin 73 ca~ be passed for fastening a fork shaped part o~ a rod 74, which is passed through a support 75 on the frame portion 1 and is ~urrounded on the side remote from the support 75 by a compression ~pring 76 whlch is locked between the support 75 and a locking ring 77 on the free end of the rod 74~ With the aid :
; of the rod 74 and the compression spring 76 the support 67 :is capable of turning, in operation, against the spring force to the rear about the pin 68, ~o that it can deflect to the rear ~he implements described above operate a~ fOllOWB
: In operation the implement is attached to the three-point : lift of a tractor by means of a hitch 7g at the front o~
the ~`rame portion 1 and the respective cultlvating members 11 ~ 12 ~
3~
are driven about upwardly ex-tending axee via the -transmission.
gear described and an auxiliary sha~t from the power ta}ce-o~
shaft of the tractor~ ~he ad.jacen-t cult-.Lvating member~ 1'1 -thus rotate in -the direction o~ the arcuate arrows in ~igure 10 During the rotation of each cul-tiva-tlng member 11 the working members 40 -thereo~ -tend -to occupy the posi~tion shown in the ~igures~ in which -the major part~ of the strips of the working members trail will re~pec-t to the longitudinal upwardly extending centre lin~s of the s-tub shafts 31 abou-t which the working member~ are rotatableO
Owing to the~r free pivotability and to their operative portions trailing with respect to the direction o~ rotation9 the working members 40 continue to occupy during the rotation of the cultivating members 11, the position most effective for tilling the soil, the working members of adjacent cultiv~ting members tilling overIapplng s-trips of soil 9 whilst even on heavy, wet soil a maximum ef~ect in crumbling up the ear-th is ensured with minimal smearing of -the soilO ~.
~he pivotability of the working members ~O and -the leaf spring steel thereof mi-nimises, in operation9 the ri~k of -.
damage due to impact on stones or similar hard objectsO In order to preven-t the earth from being laterally displaced to an undesirable extent at the front the strip-shaped elements 58 of leaf-spring s-teel are provided in front of the cultivating members in positions inclined away from -their support in downward and rearward directionO The strip shaped elements 58 capture the earth pushed forwards by the working members 40 of the respective cultivating members 11 and conduct it gradually away to the rear dur:ing the travel 3~3 of the implementO ~he strip-shaped elements 58 furthermore prepare the strip of soil to be tilled by the cultiv~ting members 119 the elements drawing slots in the ground i.n the d.irection of tr~vel A9 the crlImbling of the ear-th being thus i.ni-tiated to some extentO During -their passage through the ground -the strip-~haped elements 58 are pressed agains-t the ground by means of the 3pring mechanisms at the ends of their support) whilst they can deflect upwardly against spring force in the event of impact on stones or similar hard objectsO In operation the arms 52 are ~reely pivotable~
a stop 78 limiting an excessive downward movementO
In operation the profiled soil levelli.ng beam 69 located between the rotatable support or crumbler ~ember 45 :~
and the cultivating members 11 is in a posi-tion as shown in Figure 20 ~he forwaraly extending extensions in the form of the plates 71 which are substantially coaxial with the rotary axes of two co-operating cultivating members, capture the earth conducted away to the rear between two cultivating members 11 and conduct it away on either side in a gradual manner3 after whlch the earth is evenly distributed by the levelling beam 6g so that a flat strip of tilled soil is obtainedO The levelling beam 69 with the plates 71 can ;
deflect, in operation9 against spring force, the beam then turning about -the pins 68 by means of which the beam is supported between the supports 66 and the ends of the arms 65~ ~he position o~ the beam 6g can be changed7 since the second holes 68A are provided~ for matching the working depth of the cultivating members 110 Since the supports of the cultivating members 11 are made of profiled plates, a reliable ~ 14 -.~ ~ ~: . ,., " - , 3.~-~3 ~3 and yet simple struc-ture ls obtained~
~ igures 9 a:nd 10 show a cul-tivating member 79 in which the upper plate 80 of a support 81 has a depression 82 at each corne:r which is surrounded by a housing 83 located within the platesO Each housing 83 joints an opening in the lower plate 84 in which a stub shaft 85 of a 90il working member is located which intimately joins the wall of the housing 83 in-to which extends the depression in the upper pla-te 80~ ~he stub sha~t 85 engages by a shoulder 86 the lower plate 84 and is secured in place by means of a bolt ~7 passed through an opening in the despression 820 Each soil working member lncludes a : support 89 ~reely rotatable by means o~ a hub 88 about a respective one of the stub sha~ts 85O Each support 89 has three arms spaced apart by circumferential angles of 120 about the stub shaft 85 and ex-tending radially from the hub and slightly inclined downwardsy these armæ having sti~feni~g ridges on both sides carrying holders 90 at the outer ends for the fastening portions of downwardly exte.nding tines 910 r~he holders 90 taper from bottom to top and have an angular, in the form illustrated square, cross~section, as is shown in Figure 90 In the respec-tive holders can be ~ixed the fastening portions of the respective tines 91, which have an angular cross-section and taper towards their free endsO ~he fastening portion are secured in the respective holders by means of a nut 92 screwed on-to the free end OL the ~astening portion~ Each time 91 haæ an operati.ve portion extending away ~rom the fastening portion and taperirlg rectilinearly -towards its free endsO
- 15 ~
3~.3 The operative portion of each tine also has an an~ular cross-section and can be set in four di.:fferent positions by turni.ng the fastc~ g po-r-t:ion about its longitudinal axis after release of the nut 92. The longitudi.nal centre line of the operative tine portion is at an anglc o:E at least 15 to the longi-tlldinal centre line of the fastening portion of the tine. The position of the t;nes 91 shown in the Figures the operative portions of the tines trail, in operation, with respect to the direction in which they are caused to rotate about upwardly extending axes by their contact with the ground when ~he cultivating members are driven to rotate in the directions ind-icated in Figure 1 about upwardly extending axes. The groups of tines 91 thus work strips of soil of about 20 cms. The distance between the centre lines of the stub shafts 85 and the rotary axes of the cultivating members 79 corresponds with that in the preceding embodiment. When the cultivating members 79 are employed, it is also possible to use the strip-shaped elong-ated elements 58 at the front in order to prepare the strip of soil to be tilled by the cultivating members and in order to prevent earth from being laterally displaced to an undesirable extent. Moreover, the levelling beam 69 described above may be used so that after the passage of the cultivating members the strip of land is levelled out in the manner described above.
f
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A soil cultivating implement comprising a frame and a plurality of soil cultivating members mounted on a portion of said frame, each of said members being rotatable about a corresponding first axis defined by an up-wardly extending shaft supported on said frame portion, driving means con-nected to rotate said cultivating members about said first axis, said members comprising a support and tine means depending from said support, said tine means being rotatable about a second upwardly extending axis that is rotated around said first axis, said tine means comprising two spaced-apart tines having respective fastening portions and elongated operative portions which extend substantially parallel to a plane that passes through said second axis and said plane being normal to a line connection between the said fastening portions of the tines, said operative portions being in-clined to a further plane that passes through said line connection and the second axis.
2, A soil cultivating implement as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fastening portions are located substantially at equal distances from said second axis.
3. A soil cultivating implement as claimed in claim 1, wherein said operative portions have their widest sides substantially parallel to a plane at right angles to the line of connection between corresponding fast-ening portions of said tines.
4. A soil cultivating implement as claimed in claim 1, wherein each operative portion has a rectangular configuration.
5. A soil cultivating implement as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tine support is bracket-shaped and is integral with a stub shaft, the longi-tudinal centre line of said shaft defining said second axis.
6. A soil cultivating implement as claimed in claim 1, wherein each said cultivating member comprises plates which are clamped together by fastening means located within their circumferences and each tine means has a stub shaft that defines said second axis, said shaft being supported in a bearing housing which extends into openings in said plates and being clamped between these plates.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL75.11052 | 1975-09-19 | ||
| NL7511052A NL7511052A (en) | 1975-09-19 | 1975-09-19 | SOIL WORKING MACHINE. |
| NLAANVRAGE7511053,A NL175251C (en) | 1975-09-19 | 1975-09-19 | ROTOR CUPEG. |
| NL75.11053 | 1975-09-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1095313A true CA1095313A (en) | 1981-02-10 |
Family
ID=26645149
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA261,435A Expired CA1095313A (en) | 1975-09-19 | 1976-09-17 | Soil cultivating implements |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5238302A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1095313A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5973123U (en) * | 1982-11-09 | 1984-05-18 | 株式会社組合貿易 | Soil crushing blade attachment device for tiller |
-
1976
- 1976-09-17 CA CA261,435A patent/CA1095313A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-09-20 JP JP11190576A patent/JPS5238302A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6132922B2 (en) | 1986-07-30 |
| JPS5238302A (en) | 1977-03-24 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |