CA1093882A - Pavement striping apparatus and method - Google Patents
Pavement striping apparatus and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA1093882A CA1093882A CA331,548A CA331548A CA1093882A CA 1093882 A CA1093882 A CA 1093882A CA 331548 A CA331548 A CA 331548A CA 1093882 A CA1093882 A CA 1093882A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tape
- pavement
- roller
- striping
- rolling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Landscapes
- Road Repair (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
PAVEMENT STRIPING APPARATUS AND METHOD
Pavement striping tape is drawn through a guide mounted on a rolling machine by the direct action of the front pavement roller. The tape is delivered from a spool or spools on a first spindle mounted above the tape guide and the tape backing paper is automatically withdrawn from the tape and wound up on a spool or spools on a second spindle spaced from and rotationally powered from the first spindle.
Both spindles are driven by the movement of the tape down-wardly due to the direct action of the front pavement roller.
The striping tape is pressed by the roller into hot fresh asphalt paving material during the final rolling of the asphalt.
PAVEMENT STRIPING APPARATUS AND METHOD
Pavement striping tape is drawn through a guide mounted on a rolling machine by the direct action of the front pavement roller. The tape is delivered from a spool or spools on a first spindle mounted above the tape guide and the tape backing paper is automatically withdrawn from the tape and wound up on a spool or spools on a second spindle spaced from and rotationally powered from the first spindle.
Both spindles are driven by the movement of the tape down-wardly due to the direct action of the front pavement roller.
The striping tape is pressed by the roller into hot fresh asphalt paving material during the final rolling of the asphalt.
Description
The ever-increasing complexities of` automative trafflc require wider use of roadway striping to direct traffic in required patterns, Some traffic str~ping~ such as interstate highway lane marking, is done most economically by spray painting, However, this technique is not practical ~or many other pavement striping applications in u:rban areas and particularly where a longer-lasting and more durable stripe is desired. As a consequence of this, a second technique has evolved which consists of' utilizing paper or plastic tape to stripe pavement in the necessary patterns for tra~fic guidance, The present invention constitutes an improvemént over the prior art in this second category or technlque utilizing tape, Briefly, the inventlon seeks to provide a method and an apparatus for applying striping tape directly onto fresh hot asphalt pavement during the ~inal rolling of such pavement. In the invention, the action of the pa~ement roller is directly employed to pull marking tape or tapes through a guide means forming an attachment to the rolling machine, The tape or tapes are withdrawn automatically from a supply roll or rolls o~ the attachment and the custornary tape backlng paper is automatically` stripped from the tape~
and wound up and stored on a second spindle spaced from and driven by the spindle carrying the tape roll or rolls, The s~riping tape, tape supply rolls and the backlng paper wlnding spindle are all drlven directly by the pavement roller without requiring any separate drive motor or other power means, ., .' .~
~3~
The method and apparatus are characterized by extreme sim-plicity and economy and thus constitute a great improvement over the more complex and costly prior art.
Customarily, in the prior art9 special machines separate from the basic pavement rolling machine are utilized to apply striping tape to already-completed pavement Fre-quently~ such machines include other attachments, such as pavement heaters and roughing brushes to prepare the pavement surface to accept the tape. The great advantage and economy ~-of the present invention is its ability to apply the striping tape to the fresh hot paving material during the rolling thereor and utilizlng the rolling machine to install the tape and power the tape dispensing attachment all during one simple operation, thus dispensing entirely with the need for a second separate machine ~or înstalling the tape Various additional features and advantages of the lnvention will become apparent to those skilled in the art during the course of the following description in which.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a pavement rolling machine equipped with the invention as an attachment thereto;
Figure 2 is a side elevation Or the apparatus embodied in the inventlon, partly in cross section9 and shown in relationship to a rolling machine depicted in broken lines;
Figure 3 is a front elevation o~ the apparatus; and ' 38~
Flgure 4 is a schematic side elevation showinr the power path through khe apparatus under activation ~rom the pavement roller.
Re~erring to the drawings in detail wherein like num-erals designate like parts, a generally conventional pavement rolling machine 10 is shown in Figure 1 including a front steerable pavement roller 11 whose rolling action ls employed in the lnvention to drive a tape dispensing apparatus indica-ted in its entirety by the numeral 12 and mounted as an attachment on the rolling machine 10, The apparatus 12 comprises a horizontal base 13 secured fixedly atop the forward portion 14 of the rolling machine frame ahead of the driver's seat 15 and directly above the forward pavement roller llo A vertical standard 16 rises from the base 13 and supports a forward transverse hori~ontal spindle 17 at an elevation well above the base 13, The spindle 17, in the illustrated embodiment, supports a side-by-side palr of horizontal axis paving striping tape rolls 18, such rollæ containing either paper or plastic striping ~ape o~ a well-known kind used for marking pavement, The tape rolls 18 are preferably mounted on spools 19, Figure 3~ carried by the ~irst spindle 17.
Rearwardly of and somewhat below the first spindle 17 ~s a second horizontal transverse spindle 20 carryingrspools 21, The second spindle 20 is supported on a generally , :.
8~2 horizontal arm 22 pivoted at its ~orward end as at 23, Figure 2, to a ~tandard 24 rising from the base 13 behind the standard 16. The ~upport arm 22 is urged downwardly on its pivot by a retractile spring 25 which serves as a belt tightener. The second spindle and its spools 21 are driven by a transmission belt 26 engaging a relatively large pulley 27 on the first spindle 17.
A pair o~ overhead comparatively small rollers 28 . -ride on top of the tape supply rolls 18 to stabilize them and these small rollers 28 are carried by a substantially horizontal yoke 29 having its rearward end pivoted at 30 to an extension frome 31 rising from and rigid with the standard 16, The rollers 28 remain in contact with the tape rolls 18 by gravity. The transmission belt 26 is maintained taut at all times by the spring 25, The apparatus 12 additionally comprises~ as an important feature thereof, a pair of laterally spaced p rallel tape guides or slides 32 havlng identical side profiles and being provided near their opposite ends and midpoints by tape gulde loops 33 rlgid therewith, As viewed i.n prof~le~
Figure 2, the slides 32 have a smooth substantially constant curvature from their tops to lower end regions 35 where they ~re inclined somewhat more abruptly to terminate at 36 near and above pavemen~ level and slightly forwardly of pavement roller 11, The slides 32 are fo~med of continuous uniform width and uniform thickness metal str~ps which are '' . . ,, . ~.,.
.. .
. .
: .~ . : :
, . . .. -. .
3~
quite rigid but possess some springiness, The upper ends o~
the slides 32 are preferably hinged to a cross bar 34 which may be welded to the back of standard 16. The inclined portions 35 of the slides have a horizontal cross shaft 37 welded thereto carrying a pair of rota~able guide wheels 38 disposed immediately outwardly of the two slides, Flgure 3.
These wheels 38 ride on the periphery of the pavement roller 11 to maintain an even spacing between the slide terminals 36 and pavement roller 11, The rollers 38 are required to stabili~e the tape slides 32 which are cantilevered below the base 13 a substantial distance.
Another horizontal rod 39 is welded to the backs o~
tape sl-ldes 32 near and above the wheels 38 and a single brace bar 40 between the tape slides has its lower end welded to the cross rod 39, A short top extension 40a on brace bar 40 is slot pinned through a pin 40b to a lug 40c on ~he standard 16, Figure 2. The brace bar ~0 further stabilizes the two rather critica]. tape s-lides 32 but the springiness in the slides and the top slot pinned connection of the brace bar 40 allows ~or some limited movement or sel~-ad-~ustment of the slides to prevent tearing of the striplng tape, The operation of the apparatus during the practlce of the method is as follows, The pa~ement marking or striping tape rolls 18 are mounted on the spools 19 of sprindle 17 as shown in the draw~ngs, The plastic or paper striping ~i "
:, . . . . . .
; . ~ : ~ , :
~ ~ , :, . ......
:: ' : .: . ' ' ~3~
tapes 41 are initially threaded by hand through the gu:Lde loops 33 and over the forward faces of the profiled slides 32 until the leading ends of the tapes can be introduced to the nip 42, Figure 4, between the pavement roller 11 and the pavement P The customary paper backing 43 on the tapes 41 is initially threaded by hand onto the spools 21 of the second spindle 20 behind the spindle 17 Following thls inikial preparation, the rolling machine 10 is driven forwardly ln the usual manner to produce the final rolling of the paving material, such as ~resh hot asphalt, and in so doin~, the striping tape 41 is automati-cally fed downwardly along the slides 32, as shown by the arrow in Figure 4, and is pressed by the pavement roller 11 on and into the pavtng mater~al in one smooth continuous operation for the necessary length of pavement to be striped or marked with tape.
The unlque feature of the method is tha~ the movement of the roller 11 during the normal final rolling of the pavement feeds or pulls the tapes 14 downwardly along the slides 32 and thus unwinds them from their supply rolls 11 causing rotation o~ the spools 19 and the spindle 17, together with the pulley 27 in the direction of the arrow shown in Figura 4. This rotational movement of the spools 19 and pulley 27 kra~smits through the belt 26 rotation in the same direction to the spools 21 of rear spindle 20 to automakically . .
~ ' . ! ' 1~., ' .
wind up the backin~ paper strips 43 which are continuously peeled or stripped from the tapes 41 during the process in a continuous and smooth operation~ The winding up or collect-ing o~ the backing paper 43 eliminakes cluttering the premlsas wlth discarded material and makes for a clean and efficient operation.
The apparatus and process can dlspense striping tape from one or two supply rolls in either four inch or six inch widths with lateral spacing between the tapes from zero inches up to four inches, as required.
While the invention is intended for use particularly with fresh hot asphalt, by the addition o~ a pavement heater~
a rotary broom and possibly a small cutter head, all types of existing pavement sur~aces can be processed ko accept the skriping tape applied in accordance w~th the mekhod Normally, the tape supply rolls 18 contain at least 150 feet of the striping tape~ but the sizes o~ the rolls may vary Typically the invention can be installed as an attachment to a five ton pavement roller but is not restricted tu such a roller.
As previously noted~ the invention~ in addition to its extreme simpllcity, dispenses with the need for two s~parate machines or a machine caravan for rolling the asphalt pavement and applying striping or marking tape thereto.
..
~3~3Z
During the application o~ the striplng tape3 the rolling machine 10 follows a suitable straight guide line 44, Figure 1, and to assist the driver in following such a straight line, a guidance rod 45 may be attached to one side of the machine as shown in the draw~ngs in a position to be ob-served by the driver, It is to be understood that the form of the invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same, and that varlous changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of the invention or scope of the sub~oined claims, , . . . ~
and wound up and stored on a second spindle spaced from and driven by the spindle carrying the tape roll or rolls, The s~riping tape, tape supply rolls and the backlng paper wlnding spindle are all drlven directly by the pavement roller without requiring any separate drive motor or other power means, ., .' .~
~3~
The method and apparatus are characterized by extreme sim-plicity and economy and thus constitute a great improvement over the more complex and costly prior art.
Customarily, in the prior art9 special machines separate from the basic pavement rolling machine are utilized to apply striping tape to already-completed pavement Fre-quently~ such machines include other attachments, such as pavement heaters and roughing brushes to prepare the pavement surface to accept the tape. The great advantage and economy ~-of the present invention is its ability to apply the striping tape to the fresh hot paving material during the rolling thereor and utilizlng the rolling machine to install the tape and power the tape dispensing attachment all during one simple operation, thus dispensing entirely with the need for a second separate machine ~or înstalling the tape Various additional features and advantages of the lnvention will become apparent to those skilled in the art during the course of the following description in which.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a pavement rolling machine equipped with the invention as an attachment thereto;
Figure 2 is a side elevation Or the apparatus embodied in the inventlon, partly in cross section9 and shown in relationship to a rolling machine depicted in broken lines;
Figure 3 is a front elevation o~ the apparatus; and ' 38~
Flgure 4 is a schematic side elevation showinr the power path through khe apparatus under activation ~rom the pavement roller.
Re~erring to the drawings in detail wherein like num-erals designate like parts, a generally conventional pavement rolling machine 10 is shown in Figure 1 including a front steerable pavement roller 11 whose rolling action ls employed in the lnvention to drive a tape dispensing apparatus indica-ted in its entirety by the numeral 12 and mounted as an attachment on the rolling machine 10, The apparatus 12 comprises a horizontal base 13 secured fixedly atop the forward portion 14 of the rolling machine frame ahead of the driver's seat 15 and directly above the forward pavement roller llo A vertical standard 16 rises from the base 13 and supports a forward transverse hori~ontal spindle 17 at an elevation well above the base 13, The spindle 17, in the illustrated embodiment, supports a side-by-side palr of horizontal axis paving striping tape rolls 18, such rollæ containing either paper or plastic striping ~ape o~ a well-known kind used for marking pavement, The tape rolls 18 are preferably mounted on spools 19, Figure 3~ carried by the ~irst spindle 17.
Rearwardly of and somewhat below the first spindle 17 ~s a second horizontal transverse spindle 20 carryingrspools 21, The second spindle 20 is supported on a generally , :.
8~2 horizontal arm 22 pivoted at its ~orward end as at 23, Figure 2, to a ~tandard 24 rising from the base 13 behind the standard 16. The ~upport arm 22 is urged downwardly on its pivot by a retractile spring 25 which serves as a belt tightener. The second spindle and its spools 21 are driven by a transmission belt 26 engaging a relatively large pulley 27 on the first spindle 17.
A pair o~ overhead comparatively small rollers 28 . -ride on top of the tape supply rolls 18 to stabilize them and these small rollers 28 are carried by a substantially horizontal yoke 29 having its rearward end pivoted at 30 to an extension frome 31 rising from and rigid with the standard 16, The rollers 28 remain in contact with the tape rolls 18 by gravity. The transmission belt 26 is maintained taut at all times by the spring 25, The apparatus 12 additionally comprises~ as an important feature thereof, a pair of laterally spaced p rallel tape guides or slides 32 havlng identical side profiles and being provided near their opposite ends and midpoints by tape gulde loops 33 rlgid therewith, As viewed i.n prof~le~
Figure 2, the slides 32 have a smooth substantially constant curvature from their tops to lower end regions 35 where they ~re inclined somewhat more abruptly to terminate at 36 near and above pavemen~ level and slightly forwardly of pavement roller 11, The slides 32 are fo~med of continuous uniform width and uniform thickness metal str~ps which are '' . . ,, . ~.,.
.. .
. .
: .~ . : :
, . . .. -. .
3~
quite rigid but possess some springiness, The upper ends o~
the slides 32 are preferably hinged to a cross bar 34 which may be welded to the back of standard 16. The inclined portions 35 of the slides have a horizontal cross shaft 37 welded thereto carrying a pair of rota~able guide wheels 38 disposed immediately outwardly of the two slides, Flgure 3.
These wheels 38 ride on the periphery of the pavement roller 11 to maintain an even spacing between the slide terminals 36 and pavement roller 11, The rollers 38 are required to stabili~e the tape slides 32 which are cantilevered below the base 13 a substantial distance.
Another horizontal rod 39 is welded to the backs o~
tape sl-ldes 32 near and above the wheels 38 and a single brace bar 40 between the tape slides has its lower end welded to the cross rod 39, A short top extension 40a on brace bar 40 is slot pinned through a pin 40b to a lug 40c on ~he standard 16, Figure 2. The brace bar ~0 further stabilizes the two rather critica]. tape s-lides 32 but the springiness in the slides and the top slot pinned connection of the brace bar 40 allows ~or some limited movement or sel~-ad-~ustment of the slides to prevent tearing of the striplng tape, The operation of the apparatus during the practlce of the method is as follows, The pa~ement marking or striping tape rolls 18 are mounted on the spools 19 of sprindle 17 as shown in the draw~ngs, The plastic or paper striping ~i "
:, . . . . . .
; . ~ : ~ , :
~ ~ , :, . ......
:: ' : .: . ' ' ~3~
tapes 41 are initially threaded by hand through the gu:Lde loops 33 and over the forward faces of the profiled slides 32 until the leading ends of the tapes can be introduced to the nip 42, Figure 4, between the pavement roller 11 and the pavement P The customary paper backing 43 on the tapes 41 is initially threaded by hand onto the spools 21 of the second spindle 20 behind the spindle 17 Following thls inikial preparation, the rolling machine 10 is driven forwardly ln the usual manner to produce the final rolling of the paving material, such as ~resh hot asphalt, and in so doin~, the striping tape 41 is automati-cally fed downwardly along the slides 32, as shown by the arrow in Figure 4, and is pressed by the pavement roller 11 on and into the pavtng mater~al in one smooth continuous operation for the necessary length of pavement to be striped or marked with tape.
The unlque feature of the method is tha~ the movement of the roller 11 during the normal final rolling of the pavement feeds or pulls the tapes 14 downwardly along the slides 32 and thus unwinds them from their supply rolls 11 causing rotation o~ the spools 19 and the spindle 17, together with the pulley 27 in the direction of the arrow shown in Figura 4. This rotational movement of the spools 19 and pulley 27 kra~smits through the belt 26 rotation in the same direction to the spools 21 of rear spindle 20 to automakically . .
~ ' . ! ' 1~., ' .
wind up the backin~ paper strips 43 which are continuously peeled or stripped from the tapes 41 during the process in a continuous and smooth operation~ The winding up or collect-ing o~ the backing paper 43 eliminakes cluttering the premlsas wlth discarded material and makes for a clean and efficient operation.
The apparatus and process can dlspense striping tape from one or two supply rolls in either four inch or six inch widths with lateral spacing between the tapes from zero inches up to four inches, as required.
While the invention is intended for use particularly with fresh hot asphalt, by the addition o~ a pavement heater~
a rotary broom and possibly a small cutter head, all types of existing pavement sur~aces can be processed ko accept the skriping tape applied in accordance w~th the mekhod Normally, the tape supply rolls 18 contain at least 150 feet of the striping tape~ but the sizes o~ the rolls may vary Typically the invention can be installed as an attachment to a five ton pavement roller but is not restricted tu such a roller.
As previously noted~ the invention~ in addition to its extreme simpllcity, dispenses with the need for two s~parate machines or a machine caravan for rolling the asphalt pavement and applying striping or marking tape thereto.
..
~3~3Z
During the application o~ the striplng tape3 the rolling machine 10 follows a suitable straight guide line 44, Figure 1, and to assist the driver in following such a straight line, a guidance rod 45 may be attached to one side of the machine as shown in the draw~ngs in a position to be ob-served by the driver, It is to be understood that the form of the invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred example of the same, and that varlous changes in the shape, size and arrangement of parts may be resorted to, without departing from the spirit of the invention or scope of the sub~oined claims, , . . . ~
Claims (9)
1 An apparatus for rolling paving material and for striping the surface of the material in a combined operation comprising a pavement roller, a striping tape supply on the roller moving therewith, a tape guide means on the roller extending between the tape supply and a point near the nip between the roller and paving material being rolled, whereby said roller can press striping tape into the paving material during the rolling thereof and the roller can draw the tape from the supply and along the guide means to said nip.
2. An apparatus as defined in Claim 1, and means on the pavement roller for winding up backing material as the material is stripped from the striping tape during the feeding of the tape to said nip.
3. An apparatus as defined in Claim 2, and said tape supply comprising a tape roll and a first spindle means supporting said tape roll, and said means for winding up said backing material comprising a second spindle means spaced from and parallel to said first spindle means, and means drivingly interconnecting the first and second spindle means whereby they are turned in unison by the movement of the pavement roller and without the necessity for a separate power drive.
4. An apparatus as defined in Claim 1, and said striping tape supply comprising a pair of striping tape rolls and horizontal axis spindle support means for said rolls on the pavement roller, said tape guide means comprising a pair of profiled plates disposed in laterally spaced parallel relationship and fixed to the pavement roller and having lower ends terminating near and forwardly of said nip.
5. An apparatus as defined in Claim 4, and plural longitudinally spaced tape guides on said profiled plates, said plates being disposed somewhat forwardly of the front roller of said pavement roller and being generally vertical and somewhat arcuate.
6. An apparatus as defined in Claim 5, and said plates having lower end inclined portions projecting beneath said front roller and close to said nip, and guide wheels on said inclined portions rollingly contacting said front roller.
7. A method of striping a pavement surface while rolling the surface in a combined operation comprising rolling paving material to form a finished wear surface thereon and simul-taneously employing the pavement rolling means to press pavement striping tape into the paving material, and utilizing the rolling movement of said rolling means on said paving material to pull striping tape from a supply roll of tape and feed it to the point of engagement of the rolling means with the paving material.
8. A method of applying striping tape to fresh hot asphaltic pavement during the finish rolling of the pavement in a single combined operation, comprising the steps of rolling fresh hot asphaltic paving material to produce a finished wear surface thereon, simultaneously utilizing the rolling movement of a pavement roller to continually pull pavement striping tape from a tape source, and positively guiding said striping tape during its movement from said source so that the tape is continually delivered onto the pavement immediately in advance of said roller and substan-tially at the nip defined between the roller and pavement,
9, The method as defined in Claim 8, and the additional step of stripping back material from said tape and collecting the backing material during the pulling of the tape from said tape source by the rolling movement of said roller.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA331,548A CA1093882A (en) | 1979-07-10 | 1979-07-10 | Pavement striping apparatus and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA331,548A CA1093882A (en) | 1979-07-10 | 1979-07-10 | Pavement striping apparatus and method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1093882A true CA1093882A (en) | 1981-01-20 |
Family
ID=4114657
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA331,548A Expired CA1093882A (en) | 1979-07-10 | 1979-07-10 | Pavement striping apparatus and method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1093882A (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-07-10 CA CA331,548A patent/CA1093882A/en not_active Expired
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4162862A (en) | Pavement striping apparatus and method | |
| US5391017A (en) | Continuous moving depression cutting tool for highway use | |
| US4313780A (en) | Roadway striper | |
| US20050103437A1 (en) | Seaming iron with automatic traction | |
| EP2372023B1 (en) | A pavement marking tape applicator | |
| EP0868991A1 (en) | Extrusion method and apparatus for manufacturing tread bands for vehicle tyres | |
| US8057631B2 (en) | Apparatus and method for applying strips of thermoplastic material to thermoplastic membranes | |
| DE3232162A1 (en) | DEVICE FOR APPLYING TIRE MATERIAL | |
| DE2908341A1 (en) | WINDING CORE, METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF, METHOD FOR WINDING A MATERIAL RAIL USING THE WINDING CORE, AND APPARATUS APPARATUS | |
| US20140064849A1 (en) | Multi-mode tape-applying striping machine and methods | |
| CN108868031A (en) | A kind of automatic laying device of waterproof roll | |
| CN208563803U (en) | A kind of automatic laying device of waterproof roll | |
| CA2532682C (en) | Apparatus and method for applying strips of thermoplastic material to thermoplastic membranes | |
| US5294281A (en) | Apparatus for adhering tire component material | |
| JPH05132206A (en) | Winder for rolling material web | |
| WO1998059115A1 (en) | Apparatus for applying adhesive tape product to road barriers | |
| US20020030301A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for applying a plastic edge strip to a plate-like workpiece and such a workpiece | |
| US6413013B1 (en) | Autonomous strip laying device | |
| GB2053330A (en) | Road marking apparatus | |
| CA1093882A (en) | Pavement striping apparatus and method | |
| US3964834A (en) | Apparatus for compacting or consolidating a freshly surface strip | |
| US2221908A (en) | Highway striper | |
| US20050196544A1 (en) | Strip brush bowling lane dressing application mechanism | |
| EP0566052B1 (en) | Apparatus and process for repairing road surfaces with a nonwoven fabric | |
| EP0168081A2 (en) | Method and vehicle of forming a synthetic grass field, stencil, lining means and a synthetic mat |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |