CA1093041A - Gas compressor train for wet air oxidation - Google Patents
Gas compressor train for wet air oxidationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1093041A CA1093041A CA288,923A CA288923A CA1093041A CA 1093041 A CA1093041 A CA 1093041A CA 288923 A CA288923 A CA 288923A CA 1093041 A CA1093041 A CA 1093041A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- gas
- pressure
- rotary
- wet air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
- F04B49/007—Installations or systems with two or more pumps or pump cylinders, wherein the flow-path through the stages can be changed, e.g. from series to parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04B41/06—Combinations of two or more pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A process for supplying compressed gas in varying quantities to a using system, which comprises sequentially com-pressing gas in a rotary compressor followed by reciprocating compressor, said reciprocating compressor being operated at a sub-stantially constant speed, and varying the operation of the rotary compressor so as to vary the discharge pressure of the rotary com-pressor and thus to vary the quantity of gas supplied by the re-ciprocating compressor.
A process for supplying compressed gas in varying quantities to a using system, which comprises sequentially com-pressing gas in a rotary compressor followed by reciprocating compressor, said reciprocating compressor being operated at a sub-stantially constant speed, and varying the operation of the rotary compressor so as to vary the discharge pressure of the rotary com-pressor and thus to vary the quantity of gas supplied by the re-ciprocating compressor.
Description
109304~
The present invention relates to a process for supply-ing gas in varying quantities and to a gas compressor train in-cluding a rotary compre sor which compresses gas to an intermedi-ate degree followed by a reciprocating compressor compressing the S gas from the rotary compressor to a final predetermined pressure.
The basic concept of compressing gas comprising a train including a rotating air compressor for compressing to an inter-mediate pressure followed by a reciprocating compressor for com-pressing to a final higher pressure is old and well-known, see for example, United States Patent No. 132,891, November 12, 1872.
This type of system i8 often advantageous where the quantity of ga~ uch that a rotary compress~r cannot be used to raise the gas to a required final pressure but where a reciprocating com-pressor is necessary. Normally such applications require multi-stage compressors.
However, this type of device in the prior art has re-sulted in control methods for applications in which there is a wide variation in the final discharge pressure. The present case as opposed to that is for applications where the end use of the ~20 gas is at a substantially constant pressure but where the pres-sure i9 controlled by the using process or at least controlled by de~ices external to the compressor train itself. An example of this is the wet air oxidation process which uses compressed ,' air at high pressure and in which the process itself fixes and controls the pressure of the air supplied.
.
1~93041 This invention is particularly useful in applications for gas compression for which a reciprocating compressor is re-quired due to the combination of small capacity and high pres-sures required for the end use. In the case of air compres-sion, it is generally considered that the limit for rotarycompressors of the centrifugal or axial type is a minimum of 200 actual cubic feet per minute at the ~ charge. For smaller actual discharge volumes reciprocating air compressors are xequired.
Standard "of~-the-shelf" rotary air compressors, such as turbine or other centrifugal compressors, are mass produced and readily available for service in the range of 100 to 150 psig discharge pressure. On the other hand reciprocating com-pressors for service greater than about 150 p~ig, particularly in larger sizes, are generally custom made and are rather expen~ive. In addition the lower pressure cylinders for multi-stage machines, particularly for large capacity machines, are very large, have many valves, and are expensive to maintain.
The use of a rotary compressor up to an intermediate pressure of about 100 pounds eliminates these large, low pressure cylinders in the reciprocating machine. The rotary compressor itself is generally less expensive than the reciprocating machine.
Acc~rding to the present invention there is provided a gas compressor train in combination with a wet air oxidation reactor, which comprises a rotary compressor adapted to compress a gas to an intermediate pressure with means connecting the outlet from said rotary compressor to the inlet of a recipro-cating compressor adapted to compress the gas to a final pres-sure, and means conneCting the outlet from the reciprocating compressor to the wet air oxidation reactor, and means operableto vary the discharge pressure of the rotary compressor and thus to vary the mass flow of gas discharged from the xeci-procating compressor to the wet air oxidation reactor, the wet air oxidation reactor being adapted to be maintained at a predetermined pressure.
According to the present invention the capacity of a rotary reciprocating compressor train ~s controlled by oper-ating the rotary compressor in a well known manner so as to vary the discharge pressure of the rotary compressor, the reciprocating compressor operating at substantially constant speed, so that, since the actual inlet volume of the reci-procating compressor is constant, the quantity of air in standard cubic feet or weight taken into the reciprocating compressor varies with the inlet pressure, thus varying the dellvered capaclty o~ the entlre com--3a-pression train. The discharge pressure of the rotary com-pressor is, as stated, varied according to well known means, for example, referring to "Compressed Air and Gas Data" by C.W.
Gibbs, Ingersoll-Rand Co., 1969-71, page 9-32, said pressure canbe regulated by ~1) Qpeed control, (2) gas blowoff of ~3) throttling the intake.
Reference is made to the accompanying drawing wherein;
Figure 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the invention; and Figure 2 shows an alternative structure.
In Figure 1 the reference numeral 10 indicates a motor which drives, through any convenient means such as the crank 12, a conventional reciprocatory piston and cylinder compressor 14 having an outlet 16 ~P2) to a machine or process 18 such as ~or instance a wet air oxidation apparatus.
Connector 20 ~Pl) leads compressed gas into the top of the compressor 14 from the rotary or turbine compressor 22 driven directly by a motor 24.
The centrifugal compressor 22 supplies gas at a vari-able pressure to the cylinder of the reciprocatory compressorwhich is driven at a con~tant speed. The centrifugal compres-sor is equipped with adjustable guide vanes which allow the discharge pressure to be varied. If this discharge pressure is increased more air will be taken into and consequently discharged from the cylinder of the reciprocating compressor14.
If the discharge pressure from the centrifugal compressor is decreas2d, the reverse of course occurs, that is less air will discharge from the reciprocating compressor 14 to the prccess or apparatus 18. While controlllng the capacity of the entire tram ln the ~x~e manner, the discharge pressure from the reciprocating compressor 14 ln the pipe 16 -4- _ 1093~t41 remains constant. It ~ill be noted that the pressure ratio across the reciprocating compressor will vary and it may be said that this iB a disadvantage. It is true that the reciprocating com-pressor must be designed for a certain maximum pressure ratio which represents the lowest capacity of the compressor train. The train and other parts of the reciprocating compressor must be designed for this maximum pressure ratio but it is easier and more economical to do this than to equip the compressor with other con-trol methods such as clearance pockets, unloaders, or air blow off control devices.
The rotary air compressor may be a centrifugal or axial machine or could be one of the type known as a screw compressor.
The reciprocating compressor can be a single stage machine or a multiple stage machine as required by the final pressure.
A preferred type of machine for the rotary compressor i~
the so-called "4-poster" packaged air compressor in which two or more centrifugal wheels (most often four wheels, thus the name "4-poster") are driven by a common bull gear. Such machines are manufactured in quantity and are economical and readily available.
Such machines are designed to give a variable discharge pressure and are thus ideal for practlcing this invention.
An actual installation is shown in diagram form in Figure 2. A wet air oxidation plant is supplied with air by an air compressor train. Two four-poster centrifugal air compressors, A and B, supply air to a 4 stage reciprocating compressor C. The discharge pressure, P2, of the reciprocating compressor is con-trolled by the process at 2950 psig. The air intake to the centrifugal compressors i9 atmospheric at approximately 14.7 psia.
The centri~ugal compressors are driven by electric motors at con-stant speed. The actual inlet flow rate of the reciprocating ~1093(~41 machine is constant at 2342 actual cubic feet per minute. The characteristics of the centrifugal machines are such that Pl can be varied from 50 to 115 psig. The temperature at the discharge of the centrifugal machine is 120F. Therefore, the capacity of the compression train can be varied continuously from 705 to 1415 pounds of air per minute. Test operation of these machines has confirmed that this is possible.
Although the Figures show electric motors driving all machines it would be possible to use other prime movers such as steam turbines, gas turbines, etc.
'' ' :, '`'.' ' - '' :
.
' ' '
The present invention relates to a process for supply-ing gas in varying quantities and to a gas compressor train in-cluding a rotary compre sor which compresses gas to an intermedi-ate degree followed by a reciprocating compressor compressing the S gas from the rotary compressor to a final predetermined pressure.
The basic concept of compressing gas comprising a train including a rotating air compressor for compressing to an inter-mediate pressure followed by a reciprocating compressor for com-pressing to a final higher pressure is old and well-known, see for example, United States Patent No. 132,891, November 12, 1872.
This type of system i8 often advantageous where the quantity of ga~ uch that a rotary compress~r cannot be used to raise the gas to a required final pressure but where a reciprocating com-pressor is necessary. Normally such applications require multi-stage compressors.
However, this type of device in the prior art has re-sulted in control methods for applications in which there is a wide variation in the final discharge pressure. The present case as opposed to that is for applications where the end use of the ~20 gas is at a substantially constant pressure but where the pres-sure i9 controlled by the using process or at least controlled by de~ices external to the compressor train itself. An example of this is the wet air oxidation process which uses compressed ,' air at high pressure and in which the process itself fixes and controls the pressure of the air supplied.
.
1~93041 This invention is particularly useful in applications for gas compression for which a reciprocating compressor is re-quired due to the combination of small capacity and high pres-sures required for the end use. In the case of air compres-sion, it is generally considered that the limit for rotarycompressors of the centrifugal or axial type is a minimum of 200 actual cubic feet per minute at the ~ charge. For smaller actual discharge volumes reciprocating air compressors are xequired.
Standard "of~-the-shelf" rotary air compressors, such as turbine or other centrifugal compressors, are mass produced and readily available for service in the range of 100 to 150 psig discharge pressure. On the other hand reciprocating com-pressors for service greater than about 150 p~ig, particularly in larger sizes, are generally custom made and are rather expen~ive. In addition the lower pressure cylinders for multi-stage machines, particularly for large capacity machines, are very large, have many valves, and are expensive to maintain.
The use of a rotary compressor up to an intermediate pressure of about 100 pounds eliminates these large, low pressure cylinders in the reciprocating machine. The rotary compressor itself is generally less expensive than the reciprocating machine.
Acc~rding to the present invention there is provided a gas compressor train in combination with a wet air oxidation reactor, which comprises a rotary compressor adapted to compress a gas to an intermediate pressure with means connecting the outlet from said rotary compressor to the inlet of a recipro-cating compressor adapted to compress the gas to a final pres-sure, and means conneCting the outlet from the reciprocating compressor to the wet air oxidation reactor, and means operableto vary the discharge pressure of the rotary compressor and thus to vary the mass flow of gas discharged from the xeci-procating compressor to the wet air oxidation reactor, the wet air oxidation reactor being adapted to be maintained at a predetermined pressure.
According to the present invention the capacity of a rotary reciprocating compressor train ~s controlled by oper-ating the rotary compressor in a well known manner so as to vary the discharge pressure of the rotary compressor, the reciprocating compressor operating at substantially constant speed, so that, since the actual inlet volume of the reci-procating compressor is constant, the quantity of air in standard cubic feet or weight taken into the reciprocating compressor varies with the inlet pressure, thus varying the dellvered capaclty o~ the entlre com--3a-pression train. The discharge pressure of the rotary com-pressor is, as stated, varied according to well known means, for example, referring to "Compressed Air and Gas Data" by C.W.
Gibbs, Ingersoll-Rand Co., 1969-71, page 9-32, said pressure canbe regulated by ~1) Qpeed control, (2) gas blowoff of ~3) throttling the intake.
Reference is made to the accompanying drawing wherein;
Figure 1 is a diagram showing one embodiment of the invention; and Figure 2 shows an alternative structure.
In Figure 1 the reference numeral 10 indicates a motor which drives, through any convenient means such as the crank 12, a conventional reciprocatory piston and cylinder compressor 14 having an outlet 16 ~P2) to a machine or process 18 such as ~or instance a wet air oxidation apparatus.
Connector 20 ~Pl) leads compressed gas into the top of the compressor 14 from the rotary or turbine compressor 22 driven directly by a motor 24.
The centrifugal compressor 22 supplies gas at a vari-able pressure to the cylinder of the reciprocatory compressorwhich is driven at a con~tant speed. The centrifugal compres-sor is equipped with adjustable guide vanes which allow the discharge pressure to be varied. If this discharge pressure is increased more air will be taken into and consequently discharged from the cylinder of the reciprocating compressor14.
If the discharge pressure from the centrifugal compressor is decreas2d, the reverse of course occurs, that is less air will discharge from the reciprocating compressor 14 to the prccess or apparatus 18. While controlllng the capacity of the entire tram ln the ~x~e manner, the discharge pressure from the reciprocating compressor 14 ln the pipe 16 -4- _ 1093~t41 remains constant. It ~ill be noted that the pressure ratio across the reciprocating compressor will vary and it may be said that this iB a disadvantage. It is true that the reciprocating com-pressor must be designed for a certain maximum pressure ratio which represents the lowest capacity of the compressor train. The train and other parts of the reciprocating compressor must be designed for this maximum pressure ratio but it is easier and more economical to do this than to equip the compressor with other con-trol methods such as clearance pockets, unloaders, or air blow off control devices.
The rotary air compressor may be a centrifugal or axial machine or could be one of the type known as a screw compressor.
The reciprocating compressor can be a single stage machine or a multiple stage machine as required by the final pressure.
A preferred type of machine for the rotary compressor i~
the so-called "4-poster" packaged air compressor in which two or more centrifugal wheels (most often four wheels, thus the name "4-poster") are driven by a common bull gear. Such machines are manufactured in quantity and are economical and readily available.
Such machines are designed to give a variable discharge pressure and are thus ideal for practlcing this invention.
An actual installation is shown in diagram form in Figure 2. A wet air oxidation plant is supplied with air by an air compressor train. Two four-poster centrifugal air compressors, A and B, supply air to a 4 stage reciprocating compressor C. The discharge pressure, P2, of the reciprocating compressor is con-trolled by the process at 2950 psig. The air intake to the centrifugal compressors i9 atmospheric at approximately 14.7 psia.
The centri~ugal compressors are driven by electric motors at con-stant speed. The actual inlet flow rate of the reciprocating ~1093(~41 machine is constant at 2342 actual cubic feet per minute. The characteristics of the centrifugal machines are such that Pl can be varied from 50 to 115 psig. The temperature at the discharge of the centrifugal machine is 120F. Therefore, the capacity of the compression train can be varied continuously from 705 to 1415 pounds of air per minute. Test operation of these machines has confirmed that this is possible.
Although the Figures show electric motors driving all machines it would be possible to use other prime movers such as steam turbines, gas turbines, etc.
'' ' :, '`'.' ' - '' :
.
' ' '
Claims (2)
1. A gas compressor train in combination with a wet air oxidation reactor, which comprises a rotary compressor adapted to compress a gas to an intermediate pressure with means connecting the outlet from said rotary compressor to the inlet of a reciprocating compressor adapted to compress the gas to a final pressure, and means connecting the outlet from the reciprocating compressor to the wet air oxidation reactor, and means operable to vary the discharge pressure of the rotary compressor and thus to vary the mass flow of gas discharged from the reciprocating compressor to the wet air oxidation reactor, the wet air oxidation reactor being adapted to be maintained at a predetermined pressure.
2. A gas compressor train according to claim 1, wherein the means to vary the discharge pressure of the rotary compressor comprises adjustable guide vanes in the rotary compressor.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US73387076A | 1976-10-19 | 1976-10-19 | |
| US733,870 | 1976-10-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1093041A true CA1093041A (en) | 1981-01-06 |
Family
ID=24949446
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA288,923A Expired CA1093041A (en) | 1976-10-19 | 1977-10-18 | Gas compressor train for wet air oxidation |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5354306A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1093041A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2746948A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2368621A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1570150A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7711789L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA776097B (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4123208C2 (en) * | 1991-07-10 | 1996-07-11 | Mannesmann Ag | Compressor system |
| DE29503245U1 (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 1995-04-06 | MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG, 63075 Offenbach | Air supply device for a rotary printing press |
| DE19829525C2 (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2003-04-30 | Plu Gmbh | Temperature reduction in positive displacement pumps with a large recirculation flow |
| DE10003869C5 (en) * | 2000-01-28 | 2007-11-08 | Aerzener Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for compressing fluid fluids |
| GB2394259B (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2005-05-25 | Leobersdorfer Maschf | Multistage compressor for compressing gases |
| AT413870B (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2006-06-15 | Leobersdorfer Maschf | MULTI-STAGE PISTON COMPRESSOR FOR THE COMPACTION OF GAS AND METHOD FOR COMPENSATION CONTROL |
| FR2890418A1 (en) * | 2005-09-02 | 2007-03-09 | Atlas Copco Crepelle S A S | HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSION INSTALLATION WITH MULTIPLE FLOORS |
| GB2469015B (en) | 2009-01-30 | 2011-09-28 | Compair Uk Ltd | Improvements in multi-stage centrifugal compressors |
| GB2469852A (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-03 | Corac Group Plc | Multistage gas compressor, eg for blow moulding machines, with gas recycling |
| ES2738201T3 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2020-01-20 | Nabtesco Itg Gmbh | Vehicle and compressor device |
| CN104696187B (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2017-02-01 | 安徽寅时压缩机制造有限公司 | Two-stage compressor |
| CN105804982B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-11-21 | 广东大满贯压缩机有限公司 | A kind of booster compressor systems and its control method |
| CN106014944B (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2017-10-31 | 广东大满贯压缩机有限公司 | A kind of oil-free compressor control method and its equipment |
| CN116447111B (en) * | 2023-05-15 | 2023-10-17 | 德耐尔节能科技（上海）股份有限公司 | Composite compressor system and control method thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB191100909A (en) * | 1910-01-12 | 1912-01-11 | Waldemar Hessling | Apparatus for Compressing Air and other Gases. |
-
1977
- 1977-10-13 ZA ZA00776097A patent/ZA776097B/en unknown
- 1977-10-17 JP JP12436677A patent/JPS5354306A/en active Pending
- 1977-10-17 GB GB43118/77A patent/GB1570150A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-18 CA CA288,923A patent/CA1093041A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-10-19 DE DE19772746948 patent/DE2746948A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-10-19 FR FR7731480A patent/FR2368621A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-10-19 SE SE7711789A patent/SE7711789L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA776097B (en) | 1978-06-28 |
| JPS5354306A (en) | 1978-05-17 |
| SE7711789L (en) | 1978-04-20 |
| GB1570150A (en) | 1980-06-25 |
| FR2368621A1 (en) | 1978-05-19 |
| DE2746948A1 (en) | 1978-04-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |