CA1092795A - Process for coloring tobacco substitute materials - Google Patents
Process for coloring tobacco substitute materialsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1092795A CA1092795A CA282,653A CA282653A CA1092795A CA 1092795 A CA1092795 A CA 1092795A CA 282653 A CA282653 A CA 282653A CA 1092795 A CA1092795 A CA 1092795A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tobacco
- substitute
- adhesive
- dust
- shredded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure Non-tobacco materials used as substitutes for tobacco in the manufacture of smoking products are colored by applying an adhesive and tobacco dust to the surface of the materials. This method overcomes the drawbacks of earlier methods which either produced an objectionable flavor or were uneconomical.
Description
109;~795 In recent years there has been increasing interest in tobacco substitutes for use in the manufacture of smoking products. These substitutes include com-positions based on natural polymers such as cellulose and starch, synthetic polymers such as a vinyl methyl ether:maleic anhydride copolymer, and processed parts of plants other than tobacco such as lettuce leaves and cereal grains.
Generally, these materials do not have colors that are characteristic of tobaccothereby creating a basis for non-acceptance by the consumer. This disadvantage is widely recognized as evidenced by the solutions that have been proposed for dealing with the problem of color. For example, United States Patent 3,638,660 discloses a tobacco substitute material based on cellulose with appropriate dyes being added to enhance the appearance of the substitute. United States Patent 3,931,824 also describes a cellulosic material as a tobacco substitute with coloring agents such as carbon, iron oxide, food dyes, tobacco extracts, organic colorants and inorganic pigments being incorporated into the material in amounts up to about 5% of the total composition. Although the foregoing coloring agents may be effective for providing the desired color, they are not totally satisfactory because they may give rise to objectionable flavors upon smoking tobacco substitute materials containing such agents or they may be im-practical for large scale commercial use due to economic considerations.
The present invention affords a convenient and economical method for im-parting a tobacco-like color to tobacco substitute materials by applying tob-acco dust to the surface of such materials.
According to the invention there is provided a smoking material compris-ing a cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted tobacco substitute to which has been applied on the surface of said cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted tob-acco substitute an adhesive derived from a carbohydrate and a coating of tob-acco dust which comprises tobacco particles predominantly less than about 75 microns in diameter.
The tobacco dust may be adhesively applied to cut or shredded tobacco substitute materials by means of a suitable binder or adhesive agent. The re-sulting coated substitute material have an appearance similar to that of cut or shredded tobacco.
'.~
.
109~79S
In forming the product of the invention, the tobacco substitute materisl is first cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted to give the desired particle sizes. For example, sheets or thin pieces of the material are cut at about 30 cuts per inch when the material is to be used in the manufacture of cigarettes. The moisture content of the tobacco substitute should be adjusted, prior to cutting, to optimum levels for the particular substitute used. Ex-cessive moisture levels should be avoided in order to prevent possible adverse effects on the tobacco substitute and to reduce energy requirements associated with removal of any excess moisture which may be present after the substitute has been coated with tobacco dust.
The cut or comminuted tobacco substitute is treated with a suitable adhesive agent under conditions that will give a relatively uniform coating of the agent on the surface of the tobacco substitute. Convenient apparatus for applying the adhesive agent comprises an inclined rotating drum in combination with spray means whereby a solution of the adhesive agent is sprayed onto the tobacco substitute material as it is agitated by the action of the tumbling drum. Adhesives which may be used in the practice of this invention are those which provide the necessary binding properties but which do not have an adverse effect on the taste and aroma of the final smoking product. Preferred adhesives include those derived from carbohydrates such as starch, cellulose and sucrose. Specific examples include dextrins, corn syrup, carboxymethyl-cellulose, invert sugar and lasses. The adhesives are preferably applied in solution form using water, alcohol, glycerol or combinations thereof as the vehicle. If desired, the adhesives may be applied to the surface of the tobac-co substitute in dry powder form with water, alcohol or other suitable liquids being subsequently sprayed onto the treated surface to activate the adhesive.
The use of glycerol in con~unction with the adhesives is particularly advanta-geous in that its humectant and plasticizing properties tend to reduce brittle-ness associated with the adhesives after they have been applied to the tobacco sub-
Generally, these materials do not have colors that are characteristic of tobaccothereby creating a basis for non-acceptance by the consumer. This disadvantage is widely recognized as evidenced by the solutions that have been proposed for dealing with the problem of color. For example, United States Patent 3,638,660 discloses a tobacco substitute material based on cellulose with appropriate dyes being added to enhance the appearance of the substitute. United States Patent 3,931,824 also describes a cellulosic material as a tobacco substitute with coloring agents such as carbon, iron oxide, food dyes, tobacco extracts, organic colorants and inorganic pigments being incorporated into the material in amounts up to about 5% of the total composition. Although the foregoing coloring agents may be effective for providing the desired color, they are not totally satisfactory because they may give rise to objectionable flavors upon smoking tobacco substitute materials containing such agents or they may be im-practical for large scale commercial use due to economic considerations.
The present invention affords a convenient and economical method for im-parting a tobacco-like color to tobacco substitute materials by applying tob-acco dust to the surface of such materials.
According to the invention there is provided a smoking material compris-ing a cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted tobacco substitute to which has been applied on the surface of said cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted tob-acco substitute an adhesive derived from a carbohydrate and a coating of tob-acco dust which comprises tobacco particles predominantly less than about 75 microns in diameter.
The tobacco dust may be adhesively applied to cut or shredded tobacco substitute materials by means of a suitable binder or adhesive agent. The re-sulting coated substitute material have an appearance similar to that of cut or shredded tobacco.
'.~
.
109~79S
In forming the product of the invention, the tobacco substitute materisl is first cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted to give the desired particle sizes. For example, sheets or thin pieces of the material are cut at about 30 cuts per inch when the material is to be used in the manufacture of cigarettes. The moisture content of the tobacco substitute should be adjusted, prior to cutting, to optimum levels for the particular substitute used. Ex-cessive moisture levels should be avoided in order to prevent possible adverse effects on the tobacco substitute and to reduce energy requirements associated with removal of any excess moisture which may be present after the substitute has been coated with tobacco dust.
The cut or comminuted tobacco substitute is treated with a suitable adhesive agent under conditions that will give a relatively uniform coating of the agent on the surface of the tobacco substitute. Convenient apparatus for applying the adhesive agent comprises an inclined rotating drum in combination with spray means whereby a solution of the adhesive agent is sprayed onto the tobacco substitute material as it is agitated by the action of the tumbling drum. Adhesives which may be used in the practice of this invention are those which provide the necessary binding properties but which do not have an adverse effect on the taste and aroma of the final smoking product. Preferred adhesives include those derived from carbohydrates such as starch, cellulose and sucrose. Specific examples include dextrins, corn syrup, carboxymethyl-cellulose, invert sugar and lasses. The adhesives are preferably applied in solution form using water, alcohol, glycerol or combinations thereof as the vehicle. If desired, the adhesives may be applied to the surface of the tobac-co substitute in dry powder form with water, alcohol or other suitable liquids being subsequently sprayed onto the treated surface to activate the adhesive.
The use of glycerol in con~unction with the adhesives is particularly advanta-geous in that its humectant and plasticizing properties tend to reduce brittle-ness associated with the adhesives after they have been applied to the tobacco sub-
-2-lQ5~;~75~5 stitute and tried.
The amount of adhesive agent required per unit weight of tobacco substitute will depend on several factors including the bonding properties of the adhesive used, the density of the tobacco substitute and the surface area of the tobacco substitute particles. It is preferred that the adhesive agent or agents be used in amounts that are adequate for effecting the necessary bonding of the tobacco dust but without an appreciable excess thereof. General-ly speaking, the minimum quantities of adhesive required are approximately 5 percent by weight (total solits content) based on the dry weight of the tobacco substitute being treated. The concentration of adhesive agent in the solvent vehicle selected should be such that the viscosity of the resulting solution will permit a uniform coating of adhesive to be applied to the tobacco substi-tute by spraying or other application means. It is desirable to employ solu-tions with the highest practicable concentrations of adhesive agent that are consistent with satisfactory ~esults so that moisture levels of the tobacco substitute being treated are not increased excessively.
Following treatment with the adhesive agent and while the adhesive coating is still sticky or tacky, the tobacco substitute is treated with suf-ficient tobacco dust to give the degree of color desired. Tobacco dust is defined here as finely divided tobacco comprising particles less than about 75 microns in diameter. Although such tobacco dust can be obtained by grinding whole leaves, strips or other tobacco plant parts, it is more economical to obtain the dust from tobacco fines which are routinely collected as a by-productin the manufacture of tobacco products. For example, the mechanical abrasion to which tobacco is subjected in cutting, drying and conveying operations give rise to substantial quantities of tobacco fines which must be recycled in some way to prevent economic losses that would otherwise be incurred. Such tobacco fines, however, normally contain a significant proportion of particles greater than 200 microns in diameter thereby rendering them unsuitable for use in the present invention. It is therefore necessary to subject tobacco fines obtained 109~795 from normal manufacturing operations to a grinding or milling treatment in order to obtain the desired particle sizes.
Grinding or milling of tobacco particles to produce tobacco dust having the desired particle size can be effected in any suitable manner. For example, a ceramic mill designated as a DM-3C SWEC0 Vibro-Energy Dry Grinding Mill and which is available from SWEC0 Inc. of Los Angeles, California has been fount to be satisfactory for milling tobacco. Better milling results are obtainet if the tobacco materials are dried prior to milling. A moisture con-tent of less than 5 percent and preferably less than 3 percent is desirable for both the tobacco materials prior to grinding and the resulting tobacco dust which is to be applied to the tobacco substitute. The application of very dry tobacco dust to the athesive coating on the tobacco substitute gives better adhesion of the dust ant serves to counteract the elevatet moisture levels which result from treating the tobacco substitute with the adhesive agent solu-tion.
It is important that the major portion of the tobacco tust applied to the tobacco substitute consists largely of particles less than 75 microns in tiameter, preferably less than 30 microns ant most preferably less than 10 mic-rons in diameter. The smaller particle sizes provide a more uniform coating on the surface of the tobacco substitute, require less dust per unit area of ex-posed surface and protuce a more even color and texture. Also, the smaller `
particle sizes are less likely to become dislodged turing subsequent processing of the tobacco substitute.
In applying tobacco dust to a tobacco substitute coated with adhesive, it is necessary to agitate or stir the mass of material to insure that all sur-faces of the tobacco substitute are coatet with tust. Any suitable apparatus may be uset for this purpose including, for example, the inclined rotating drum suggestet above in connection with the application of adhesive. Following ap- ~ -plication of the tobacco dust, the treated tobacco substitute is dried in a conventional manner to a moisture level appropriate for the additional proces-, :
:.
10S~7~5 sing associated with the manufacture of the desired smoking product. If more color is desired treatment of the dust-bearing tobacco substitute may be re-peated to incorporate additional adhesive and tobacco dust.
The ~ollowing examples will serve to further illustrate the present invention.
. _ Tobacco fines obtained from the manufacture of cigarettes were dried in an oven maintained at 125 C. until the moisture content of the fines was approximately 2 percent. The fines were thenmilledin a DM-3C SWEC0 Vibro-Energy Dry Grinding Mill until essentially all of the particles were less than10 microns in diameter as tetermined by particle size analysis. This analysis was based on the general methods described by R.L. Harris in Public Health Service Publication No. 614, Sec. B-7A. The dry tobacco dust was set aside for subsequent use.
A commercially available tobacco substitute sold under the trademark, ~;
Cytrel, and available from Celanese Corporation of New York, N.Y. as Cytrel Type 361 was shredded to a size compatible with the manufacture of cigarettes. ~
In a rotating drum were placed 120 grams of the shredded Cytrel having a mois- -` -, ~ ,~ ., ture content of about 7 percent and 30 grams of powdered corn syrup solids were added to the Cytrel as it tumbled in the rotating drum to give corn syrup solids -~
uniformly coated on the surface of the Cytrel. The adhesive properties of the corn syrup solids were then activated by spraying the treated Cytrel with a mixture of 25 grams of glycerol, 11 grams of ethanol and 1 gram of water. ~ ~ -Agitation of the sprayed material in the rotating drum was continued and 60 grams of the previously prepared tobacco tust were introduced into the rotating drum. The tobacco dust-caoted substitute material was found to have a uniform color closely resembling that of shredded tobacco.
The general procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the tobacco substitute treated was shredded popped corn as described in United 10~795 States Patent No. 3,964,495. The 120 grams of shredded popped corn were treated sequentially in the rotating drum with 30 grams of powdered corn syrup solids, a mixture of 25 grams of glycerol, 7.5 grams of ethanol and 1 gram water, and finally 60 grams of tobacco dust. The product had a uniform coating of dust with a tobacco-like color.
-Tobacco dust was prepared as described in Example 1. A 120-gram sample of shredded Cytrel was placed in a rotating drum and sprayed with an adhesive mixture of glycerol (12 grams), ethanol (15 grams), water (1 gram) and a commercial caramelized sugar product (12 grams) sold by Sethness Products Company of Chicago, Illinois as Double Strength Caramel Color. After spraying with the adhesive mixture, 30 grams of the previously prepared tobacco dust were introduced into the rotating drum and rotation of the drum was continued for a short period of time to ensure uniform distribution of the tobacco dust.
The resulting product was dried to about 12 percent moisture and was found to be very similar in appearance to shredded tobacco.
Tobacco dust was prepared as described in Example 1. A 120-gram ~`
sample of shredded popped corn (see United States Patent No. 3,964,495) was placed in a rotating drum and sprayed with adhesive mixture identical with that described in Example 3. The sprayed material was then treated with 30 grams of the previously prepared tobacco dust and agitation of the treated sample was continued until the dust was uniformly distributed on the surface of the popped corn. The product was removed from the rotating drum and dried to about 12 percent moisture. The product was uniformly colored by the tobacco dust and was quite similar in appearance to shredded tobacco.
While the foregoing teachings describe specific steps for practicing the present invention, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and variations may be made in the various steps without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims. Such changes and variations are considered to be a part of this invention.
The amount of adhesive agent required per unit weight of tobacco substitute will depend on several factors including the bonding properties of the adhesive used, the density of the tobacco substitute and the surface area of the tobacco substitute particles. It is preferred that the adhesive agent or agents be used in amounts that are adequate for effecting the necessary bonding of the tobacco dust but without an appreciable excess thereof. General-ly speaking, the minimum quantities of adhesive required are approximately 5 percent by weight (total solits content) based on the dry weight of the tobacco substitute being treated. The concentration of adhesive agent in the solvent vehicle selected should be such that the viscosity of the resulting solution will permit a uniform coating of adhesive to be applied to the tobacco substi-tute by spraying or other application means. It is desirable to employ solu-tions with the highest practicable concentrations of adhesive agent that are consistent with satisfactory ~esults so that moisture levels of the tobacco substitute being treated are not increased excessively.
Following treatment with the adhesive agent and while the adhesive coating is still sticky or tacky, the tobacco substitute is treated with suf-ficient tobacco dust to give the degree of color desired. Tobacco dust is defined here as finely divided tobacco comprising particles less than about 75 microns in diameter. Although such tobacco dust can be obtained by grinding whole leaves, strips or other tobacco plant parts, it is more economical to obtain the dust from tobacco fines which are routinely collected as a by-productin the manufacture of tobacco products. For example, the mechanical abrasion to which tobacco is subjected in cutting, drying and conveying operations give rise to substantial quantities of tobacco fines which must be recycled in some way to prevent economic losses that would otherwise be incurred. Such tobacco fines, however, normally contain a significant proportion of particles greater than 200 microns in diameter thereby rendering them unsuitable for use in the present invention. It is therefore necessary to subject tobacco fines obtained 109~795 from normal manufacturing operations to a grinding or milling treatment in order to obtain the desired particle sizes.
Grinding or milling of tobacco particles to produce tobacco dust having the desired particle size can be effected in any suitable manner. For example, a ceramic mill designated as a DM-3C SWEC0 Vibro-Energy Dry Grinding Mill and which is available from SWEC0 Inc. of Los Angeles, California has been fount to be satisfactory for milling tobacco. Better milling results are obtainet if the tobacco materials are dried prior to milling. A moisture con-tent of less than 5 percent and preferably less than 3 percent is desirable for both the tobacco materials prior to grinding and the resulting tobacco dust which is to be applied to the tobacco substitute. The application of very dry tobacco dust to the athesive coating on the tobacco substitute gives better adhesion of the dust ant serves to counteract the elevatet moisture levels which result from treating the tobacco substitute with the adhesive agent solu-tion.
It is important that the major portion of the tobacco tust applied to the tobacco substitute consists largely of particles less than 75 microns in tiameter, preferably less than 30 microns ant most preferably less than 10 mic-rons in diameter. The smaller particle sizes provide a more uniform coating on the surface of the tobacco substitute, require less dust per unit area of ex-posed surface and protuce a more even color and texture. Also, the smaller `
particle sizes are less likely to become dislodged turing subsequent processing of the tobacco substitute.
In applying tobacco dust to a tobacco substitute coated with adhesive, it is necessary to agitate or stir the mass of material to insure that all sur-faces of the tobacco substitute are coatet with tust. Any suitable apparatus may be uset for this purpose including, for example, the inclined rotating drum suggestet above in connection with the application of adhesive. Following ap- ~ -plication of the tobacco dust, the treated tobacco substitute is dried in a conventional manner to a moisture level appropriate for the additional proces-, :
:.
10S~7~5 sing associated with the manufacture of the desired smoking product. If more color is desired treatment of the dust-bearing tobacco substitute may be re-peated to incorporate additional adhesive and tobacco dust.
The ~ollowing examples will serve to further illustrate the present invention.
. _ Tobacco fines obtained from the manufacture of cigarettes were dried in an oven maintained at 125 C. until the moisture content of the fines was approximately 2 percent. The fines were thenmilledin a DM-3C SWEC0 Vibro-Energy Dry Grinding Mill until essentially all of the particles were less than10 microns in diameter as tetermined by particle size analysis. This analysis was based on the general methods described by R.L. Harris in Public Health Service Publication No. 614, Sec. B-7A. The dry tobacco dust was set aside for subsequent use.
A commercially available tobacco substitute sold under the trademark, ~;
Cytrel, and available from Celanese Corporation of New York, N.Y. as Cytrel Type 361 was shredded to a size compatible with the manufacture of cigarettes. ~
In a rotating drum were placed 120 grams of the shredded Cytrel having a mois- -` -, ~ ,~ ., ture content of about 7 percent and 30 grams of powdered corn syrup solids were added to the Cytrel as it tumbled in the rotating drum to give corn syrup solids -~
uniformly coated on the surface of the Cytrel. The adhesive properties of the corn syrup solids were then activated by spraying the treated Cytrel with a mixture of 25 grams of glycerol, 11 grams of ethanol and 1 gram of water. ~ ~ -Agitation of the sprayed material in the rotating drum was continued and 60 grams of the previously prepared tobacco tust were introduced into the rotating drum. The tobacco dust-caoted substitute material was found to have a uniform color closely resembling that of shredded tobacco.
The general procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the tobacco substitute treated was shredded popped corn as described in United 10~795 States Patent No. 3,964,495. The 120 grams of shredded popped corn were treated sequentially in the rotating drum with 30 grams of powdered corn syrup solids, a mixture of 25 grams of glycerol, 7.5 grams of ethanol and 1 gram water, and finally 60 grams of tobacco dust. The product had a uniform coating of dust with a tobacco-like color.
-Tobacco dust was prepared as described in Example 1. A 120-gram sample of shredded Cytrel was placed in a rotating drum and sprayed with an adhesive mixture of glycerol (12 grams), ethanol (15 grams), water (1 gram) and a commercial caramelized sugar product (12 grams) sold by Sethness Products Company of Chicago, Illinois as Double Strength Caramel Color. After spraying with the adhesive mixture, 30 grams of the previously prepared tobacco dust were introduced into the rotating drum and rotation of the drum was continued for a short period of time to ensure uniform distribution of the tobacco dust.
The resulting product was dried to about 12 percent moisture and was found to be very similar in appearance to shredded tobacco.
Tobacco dust was prepared as described in Example 1. A 120-gram ~`
sample of shredded popped corn (see United States Patent No. 3,964,495) was placed in a rotating drum and sprayed with adhesive mixture identical with that described in Example 3. The sprayed material was then treated with 30 grams of the previously prepared tobacco dust and agitation of the treated sample was continued until the dust was uniformly distributed on the surface of the popped corn. The product was removed from the rotating drum and dried to about 12 percent moisture. The product was uniformly colored by the tobacco dust and was quite similar in appearance to shredded tobacco.
While the foregoing teachings describe specific steps for practicing the present invention, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that changes and variations may be made in the various steps without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims. Such changes and variations are considered to be a part of this invention.
Claims (9)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A smoking material comprising a cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted tobacco substitute to which has been applied on the surface of said cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted tobacco substitute an adhesive derived from a carbohydrate and a coating of tobacco dust which comprises tobacco particles predominantly less than about 75 microns in diameter.
2. A smoking material according to claim 1 in which the adhesive is derived from dextrins, corn syrup, carboxymethyl cellulose, invert sugar or molasses.
3. A smoking material according to claim 1 in which the tobacco dust comprises tobacco particles less than about 30 microns in diameter.
4. A cigarette whose filler contains a cut, shredded or otherwise com-minuted tobacco substitute to which has been applied on the surface of said cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted tobacco substitute an adhesive derived from a carbohydrate and a coating of tobacco dust which comprises tobacco particles predominantly less than about 75 microns in diameter.
5. A cigarette according to claim 4 wherein the adhesive is derived from dextrins, corn syrup, carboxymethyl cellulose, invert sugar or molasses.
6. A cigarette according to claim 4 wherein the tobacco dust comprises particles less than about 30 microns in diameter.
7. A process for preparing a smoking material which comprises applying an adhesive agent derived from a carbohydrate to the surface of a cut, shredded or otherwise comminuted tobacco substitute and subsequently treating the substitute with tobacco dust comprising tobacco particles predominantly less than about 75 microns in diameter.
8. A process according to claim 7 in which the adhesive is derived from dextrins, corn syrup, carboxymethyl cellulose, invert sugar or molasses.
9. A process according to claim 7 in which the tobacco dust comprises tobacco particles less than about 30 microns in diameter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71866876A | 1976-08-30 | 1976-08-30 | |
| US718,668 | 1976-08-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1092795A true CA1092795A (en) | 1981-01-06 |
Family
ID=24886996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA282,653A Expired CA1092795A (en) | 1976-08-30 | 1977-07-13 | Process for coloring tobacco substitute materials |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS609788B2 (en) |
| AR (1) | AR211981A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU504488B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE858202A (en) |
| BG (1) | BG29126A3 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7705730A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1092795A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH622687A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2738972A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2362598A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1553326A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1086113B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7707794A (en) |
| PH (1) | PH20930A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL105775B1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA773910B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4989620A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1991-02-05 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Method and apparatus for coating extruded tobacco-containing material |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4596259A (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1986-06-24 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Smoking material and method for its preparation |
| US4534372A (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1985-08-13 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Smoking product |
| US4534371A (en) * | 1983-08-22 | 1985-08-13 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Smoking product |
| JPH0239876A (en) * | 1988-07-27 | 1990-02-08 | Etsuko Fukamachi | Tobacco substitute |
| CA2747719C (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2017-01-17 | U.S. Smokeless Tobacco Company Llc | Tobacco granules and method of producing tobacco granules |
| CN112971194B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2022-10-21 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Tobacco flavor loading process |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE550409A (en) * | 1955-08-18 | |||
| US3100492A (en) * | 1962-04-23 | 1963-08-13 | William C Schmidt | Corncob material cigarette |
| DE1532039C3 (en) * | 1964-03-31 | 1973-11-22 | Arenco Ab, Stockholm-Vaellingby | Device for producing a tobacco product in web form |
-
1977
- 1977-06-28 ZA ZA00773910A patent/ZA773910B/en unknown
- 1977-06-30 AU AU26633/77A patent/AU504488B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-13 CA CA282,653A patent/CA1092795A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-13 NL NL7707794A patent/NL7707794A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-07-26 AR AR268625A patent/AR211981A1/en active
- 1977-08-04 PH PH20076A patent/PH20930A/en unknown
- 1977-08-04 CH CH957777A patent/CH622687A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-08-10 IT IT26631/77A patent/IT1086113B/en active
- 1977-08-24 GB GB35523/77A patent/GB1553326A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-25 BG BG037237A patent/BG29126A3/en unknown
- 1977-08-29 JP JP52102765A patent/JPS609788B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-29 BR BR7705730A patent/BR7705730A/en unknown
- 1977-08-29 PL PL1977200524A patent/PL105775B1/en unknown
- 1977-08-29 FR FR7726217A patent/FR2362598A1/en active Granted
- 1977-08-29 BE BE180510A patent/BE858202A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-08-30 DE DE19772738972 patent/DE2738972A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4989620A (en) * | 1982-12-30 | 1991-02-05 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Method and apparatus for coating extruded tobacco-containing material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PH20930A (en) | 1987-06-05 |
| ZA773910B (en) | 1978-09-27 |
| CH622687A5 (en) | 1981-04-30 |
| AR211981A1 (en) | 1978-04-14 |
| DE2738972A1 (en) | 1978-03-09 |
| FR2362598A1 (en) | 1978-03-24 |
| JPS609788B2 (en) | 1985-03-13 |
| BE858202A (en) | 1977-12-16 |
| GB1553326A (en) | 1979-09-26 |
| AU504488B2 (en) | 1979-10-18 |
| PL105775B1 (en) | 1979-10-31 |
| AU2663377A (en) | 1979-01-04 |
| FR2362598B1 (en) | 1984-11-09 |
| JPS5330000A (en) | 1978-03-20 |
| PL200524A1 (en) | 1978-04-10 |
| IT1086113B (en) | 1985-05-28 |
| NL7707794A (en) | 1978-03-02 |
| BR7705730A (en) | 1978-07-18 |
| BG29126A3 (en) | 1980-09-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5343879A (en) | Tobacco treatment process | |
| RU2119761C1 (en) | Method for producing recovered tobacco leaf and tobacco product | |
| US4161545A (en) | Honey coated roasted nut product and method for making same | |
| CA1326164C (en) | Process for dry-roasting nuts | |
| US4534983A (en) | Process for flavoring dry vegetable matter | |
| US4545392A (en) | Tobacco product | |
| AU643134B2 (en) | Fat free potato chips and straws | |
| US5688543A (en) | Composition and method for flavoring unpopped popcorn | |
| US2734509A (en) | Wetting | |
| US4819668A (en) | Cigarette cut filler containing rare and specialty tobaccos | |
| JPH029364A (en) | Production of tobacco having increased hardness and product | |
| US5750166A (en) | Composition and method for flavoring popcorn product | |
| CA1129244A (en) | Method of treating peanuts | |
| CA1092795A (en) | Process for coloring tobacco substitute materials | |
| US3386450A (en) | Method of making reconstituted tobacco | |
| US4785833A (en) | Process for the aromatization of tobacco | |
| CA1332532C (en) | Method of making a fast release stabilized aspartame ingredient for chewing gum | |
| US4534372A (en) | Smoking product | |
| US3016907A (en) | Manufacture of tobacco | |
| US2445338A (en) | Tobacco and method of treating the same | |
| EP0084062B1 (en) | Blanched peanuts with ground peanut skin coating and process | |
| KR810000110B1 (en) | Process for coloring tobacco substitute materials | |
| US2733509A (en) | Wetting | |
| JPH0965831A (en) | Chocolate syrup for coating flaky or granular food of cereal | |
| CA1213174A (en) | Blanched peanuts with flavored skins and process |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |