CA1092659A - Method and device for a two-step heat treatment of corn - Google Patents
Method and device for a two-step heat treatment of cornInfo
- Publication number
- CA1092659A CA1092659A CA277,072A CA277072A CA1092659A CA 1092659 A CA1092659 A CA 1092659A CA 277072 A CA277072 A CA 277072A CA 1092659 A CA1092659 A CA 1092659A
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- Prior art keywords
- corn
- carrier mechanism
- temperature
- infra
- carrier
- Prior art date
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The disclosure describes a method for a two-step heat treatment of corn with electromagnetic oscillation in the range of micro-waves or infra-red radiation. This is done by heating corn in a first step during 5 - 120 seconds from ambient temp-erature to 100° - 200° C with infra-red rays or electromagnetic waves having a wave length of 0.7 - 0.1 m. In a second step the corn is kept for 5 - 200 seconds at the temperature reached during the first step or at a temperature not more than 10% higher than the last named temperature and/or the temperature is gradu-ally decreased down to 60°C at the most. During the first step the temperature is controlled by setting up the intensity of infra-red rays or electromagnetic waves to the wave length 0.7 -0.1 m and the temperature remains unchanged during the second step. Finally, there is crushing or flaking of the corn when hot which is then cooled down below 40°C. The disclosure also describes a device which comprises a feed hopper, an adjust-able feeder to feed the corn from the feed hopper to a horizontal or slightly inclined carrier mechanism, the carrier mechanism be-ing followed by a crusher, then a cooler. The carrier mechanism comprises a belt or vibratory conveyer and means for adjusting the carrier speed of the carrier, infra-red radiators adapted to irradiate a first step constituting 20% - 90% of the length of the carrier mechanism, electric resistor heating means to heat the remaining second step constituting 80% - 10% of the length of said carrier mechanism, the lower portion and sides of at least part of the carrier mechanism being thermally insulated, the car-rier mechanism in the second step being at least insulated and provided with a thermally insulated upper cover.
The disclosure describes a method for a two-step heat treatment of corn with electromagnetic oscillation in the range of micro-waves or infra-red radiation. This is done by heating corn in a first step during 5 - 120 seconds from ambient temp-erature to 100° - 200° C with infra-red rays or electromagnetic waves having a wave length of 0.7 - 0.1 m. In a second step the corn is kept for 5 - 200 seconds at the temperature reached during the first step or at a temperature not more than 10% higher than the last named temperature and/or the temperature is gradu-ally decreased down to 60°C at the most. During the first step the temperature is controlled by setting up the intensity of infra-red rays or electromagnetic waves to the wave length 0.7 -0.1 m and the temperature remains unchanged during the second step. Finally, there is crushing or flaking of the corn when hot which is then cooled down below 40°C. The disclosure also describes a device which comprises a feed hopper, an adjust-able feeder to feed the corn from the feed hopper to a horizontal or slightly inclined carrier mechanism, the carrier mechanism be-ing followed by a crusher, then a cooler. The carrier mechanism comprises a belt or vibratory conveyer and means for adjusting the carrier speed of the carrier, infra-red radiators adapted to irradiate a first step constituting 20% - 90% of the length of the carrier mechanism, electric resistor heating means to heat the remaining second step constituting 80% - 10% of the length of said carrier mechanism, the lower portion and sides of at least part of the carrier mechanism being thermally insulated, the car-rier mechanism in the second step being at least insulated and provided with a thermally insulated upper cover.
Description
This invention relates to a method for a two-step heat treatment of corn and -to a device for carrying out this method by using an electromagnetic oscillation in the range of micro-waves Or infra-red radiationO As used herein and in the appended claims, the term "corn" means any small hard seed, especially -the seed of any one of the cereal grasses.
In view of the rapid increase of the world population, it is necessary to make sure that there is an adequate increase of food, whether it be of vegetable or animal origin. It is also very important to fight losses which occur between the production of raw material and thè time when it is used. This concerns ap-proximately 4~/O of the world production.
That is why it is necessary to increase the efficiency in the production of agricultural products which are used as animal feeding stuffs and as raw material by the food industry, having in mind that it would be desirable to convert the sub-stances which are present in vegetable products, into substances which nutrition and productionwise, would be more advantageous ;
becausQ their useful parts would be more accessible.
The ~ost common treatment of corn known up to now in-cludes milling, crushing, pressing and steaming. The principles on which these processes are based have not changed for a long time, in spite of improvements made to the devices used to carry out these processes. More recent processes, e.g. hydrothermal and dry treatments, are being tested and put into experimental opera- ' tion. In the hydrothermal treatments, the corn is heated for 8 -30, minutes at a temperature up to 95 - 99C by means of steam, or for 1 - 3 minutes at a temperature up to 95 - 100C by means of steam under pressure in an autoclave, after which the corn is re-moved from the autoclave at a sudden pressure decrease~ During this process, the corn becomes softer while undergoing a tissue change, gelatinization of starch grains, and a partial hydrolysis of starch into dextrins, the lower sugars being soluble in water.
. . .
3~ S~
With respect to the dry treatments, they take place at a temperature up to 150 - 250C during 10 - 100 seconds. The same results can be obtained, especially with processes tested in recent years, where corn is heated from the inside by means of electromagnetic oscillation in the range of micro-waves or infra-red radiation. This treatment produces a resonant oscillation of the molecules inside the corns with the result that the grain is rapidly heated. .: :
The electromagnetic oscillation producing micro-waves or infra-red radiation increases the temperature in the grain nearly linearly with respect to time. Simultaneously, certain physical and chemical changes take place inside the grain, e.g. a partial conversion of water into steam, which together with a higher temp-erature causes a gelatinization of starch. This steam formation may also be responsible for the partial hydrolysis under pressure .-:
because the corn husk functions as a miniature autoclave. When the temperature is increased, the inner pressure of the steam also .
increases which may cause a rupture of the softened grain. This in turn would produce a rapid expansion of the steam, which would cool down, thus stopping the process. That may be a disadvantage.
In order to overcome the above drawback, in accordance with the invention, there is prov.ided a method for a two-step heat treatment of corn with electromagnetic waves in the range of micro-waves or infra-red radiation. According to the invention, :
during the first step., the corn is heated from the ambient temp-erature up to 100 - 120C by means of infra-red rays or electro-magnetic waves having a wave length of 0.7 - 0.1 m. In the second step the corn is kept at the temperature reached during the first step for a period of 5-200 seconds, or àt a temperature slightly .
higher by a maximum of 10%, and/or the temperature is gradually decreased down to 60C at the most. During the first step the temperature is controlled by ad]usting the intensity of the infra-
In view of the rapid increase of the world population, it is necessary to make sure that there is an adequate increase of food, whether it be of vegetable or animal origin. It is also very important to fight losses which occur between the production of raw material and thè time when it is used. This concerns ap-proximately 4~/O of the world production.
That is why it is necessary to increase the efficiency in the production of agricultural products which are used as animal feeding stuffs and as raw material by the food industry, having in mind that it would be desirable to convert the sub-stances which are present in vegetable products, into substances which nutrition and productionwise, would be more advantageous ;
becausQ their useful parts would be more accessible.
The ~ost common treatment of corn known up to now in-cludes milling, crushing, pressing and steaming. The principles on which these processes are based have not changed for a long time, in spite of improvements made to the devices used to carry out these processes. More recent processes, e.g. hydrothermal and dry treatments, are being tested and put into experimental opera- ' tion. In the hydrothermal treatments, the corn is heated for 8 -30, minutes at a temperature up to 95 - 99C by means of steam, or for 1 - 3 minutes at a temperature up to 95 - 100C by means of steam under pressure in an autoclave, after which the corn is re-moved from the autoclave at a sudden pressure decrease~ During this process, the corn becomes softer while undergoing a tissue change, gelatinization of starch grains, and a partial hydrolysis of starch into dextrins, the lower sugars being soluble in water.
. . .
3~ S~
With respect to the dry treatments, they take place at a temperature up to 150 - 250C during 10 - 100 seconds. The same results can be obtained, especially with processes tested in recent years, where corn is heated from the inside by means of electromagnetic oscillation in the range of micro-waves or infra-red radiation. This treatment produces a resonant oscillation of the molecules inside the corns with the result that the grain is rapidly heated. .: :
The electromagnetic oscillation producing micro-waves or infra-red radiation increases the temperature in the grain nearly linearly with respect to time. Simultaneously, certain physical and chemical changes take place inside the grain, e.g. a partial conversion of water into steam, which together with a higher temp-erature causes a gelatinization of starch. This steam formation may also be responsible for the partial hydrolysis under pressure .-:
because the corn husk functions as a miniature autoclave. When the temperature is increased, the inner pressure of the steam also .
increases which may cause a rupture of the softened grain. This in turn would produce a rapid expansion of the steam, which would cool down, thus stopping the process. That may be a disadvantage.
In order to overcome the above drawback, in accordance with the invention, there is prov.ided a method for a two-step heat treatment of corn with electromagnetic waves in the range of micro-waves or infra-red radiation. According to the invention, :
during the first step., the corn is heated from the ambient temp-erature up to 100 - 120C by means of infra-red rays or electro-magnetic waves having a wave length of 0.7 - 0.1 m. In the second step the corn is kept at the temperature reached during the first step for a period of 5-200 seconds, or àt a temperature slightly .
higher by a maximum of 10%, and/or the temperature is gradually decreased down to 60C at the most. During the first step the temperature is controlled by ad]usting the intensity of the infra-
-2-:, ~ ~ - . : - . . :
red rays or ~f the electromagnetlc waves to a wave length of 0.7 -0.1 m. During the second step, the temperature is kept under con-trolled conditions by in~ra-red rays, electromagnetic waves of wave length 0.7 - 0.1 m or advantageously by means of a heating electric resistor and/or by thermal insulation. Then the corn is crushed or ~laked while hot, after which it is cooled down to a temperature below 40C.
An advantage of this two-step method of treating corn ; is that it is possible to set up the interval and course of heat-0 ing from the surrounding temperature to the desired temperature and -to adjust the interval during which the corn is kept at this temperature, or close to that temperature, i.e. at a temperature which is especially advantageous to obtain the desired gelatini-zation of starch and its partial hydrolysis. When choosing a correct step and course of heating, one may even improve the digestibility of proteins.
In comparison to the known method of heat treatment, the method according to the invention permits a higher stage of gela-tinization and hydrolysis resulting in an increase of digestibil->0 ity of corn even if the method is directly used to prepare food-stuff and feed. Also, use of the products resulting from the method according to the invention will provide more efficient change into energy and living mass.
The thermal condition of corn treated according to the invention is first changed during the first step where it is raised from the surrounding temperature, approximately linearly with respect to time up to the maximum tem~erature at which the corn does not burst. In the second step the temperature is kept approximately at the value which has been reached or very close to it. The optimum temperature course and the interval during which the corn remains in both steps must be determined experi-mentally for each kind of product having in mind that optimum
red rays or ~f the electromagnetlc waves to a wave length of 0.7 -0.1 m. During the second step, the temperature is kept under con-trolled conditions by in~ra-red rays, electromagnetic waves of wave length 0.7 - 0.1 m or advantageously by means of a heating electric resistor and/or by thermal insulation. Then the corn is crushed or ~laked while hot, after which it is cooled down to a temperature below 40C.
An advantage of this two-step method of treating corn ; is that it is possible to set up the interval and course of heat-0 ing from the surrounding temperature to the desired temperature and -to adjust the interval during which the corn is kept at this temperature, or close to that temperature, i.e. at a temperature which is especially advantageous to obtain the desired gelatini-zation of starch and its partial hydrolysis. When choosing a correct step and course of heating, one may even improve the digestibility of proteins.
In comparison to the known method of heat treatment, the method according to the invention permits a higher stage of gela-tinization and hydrolysis resulting in an increase of digestibil->0 ity of corn even if the method is directly used to prepare food-stuff and feed. Also, use of the products resulting from the method according to the invention will provide more efficient change into energy and living mass.
The thermal condition of corn treated according to the invention is first changed during the first step where it is raised from the surrounding temperature, approximately linearly with respect to time up to the maximum tem~erature at which the corn does not burst. In the second step the temperature is kept approximately at the value which has been reached or very close to it. The optimum temperature course and the interval during which the corn remains in both steps must be determined experi-mentally for each kind of product having in mind that optimum
- 3 -- . . . ~ ... . ~
2~
conditions shoulcl be maintained when clesired chan~es take place.
During the treatment according to the invention, the corn is partially dried and sterilized.
sy using a two-step method for the treatment of corn, one improves the economy of the process as compared to the one-step method, so that by a~plying the second step wi-thout heat sup-ply, one may even shorten the first heating step and decrease the heat consumption while the results are -the same or even better.
The method according to the invention may especially be O used for the heat trea-tment of cereals, pulses, and oil-plant products.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a device for a two-step heat treatment of corn which comprises a feed hopper, an adjustable feeder to feed said corn from said feed hopper to a horizontal or slightly inclined carrier mechanism, said carrier mechanism followed by a crusher then a cooler, said carrier mechanism comprising a carrier belt or vibratory conveyer and means for adjusting the speed of said carrier, infra-red radiators adapted to irradiate a first stage constituting 2~/o ~ 9~/o of the ~o length of said carrier mechanism, electric resistor heating means to heat the remaining second step constituting 8~/o ~ l~/o of the length of said carrier mechanism, the lower portion and sides of at least part of said carrier mechanism being thermally insulated, the carrier mechanism in said second step being at least par-tially insulated and provided with a thermally insulated-upper cover.
In order that the method and the device according to the invention be better understood and carried into practice, a preferred embodiment thereof will hereinafter be described with re~erence to the accompanying drawings. However the drawings are not intended to limit in any way the scope of the invention.
.: .
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration o~ a device ~ ,,, , :
65~
.
device according to the invention provided with one con- :
veyor, Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a device according to the invention provlded with two conveyors, As shown in Fig. 1, cleaned corn a is.supplied and dis-tributed from a feed hop 1 via an adjustable conveyer 2 to a hori-zontal or slightly inclined carrier mechanism 3. The carrier mechanism 3 may be a transport belt or a vibratory conveyer pro- ~
vided with an adjustable carrying speed. In the first portion b .
of the carrier mechanism which forms 20% ~ 90% of its length, the corn is irradiated by means of infra-red radiators 4 consisting of ` -~. ~
surfaces of ceramic plates which are gas or electrically heated, ~ .
and which are connected into desired separately adjustable sec-tions; the other part c, i.e. the rest of the carrier mechanism, viz 8~/o ~ l~/o of its length, is provided with a -thermal insula-tion and/or with a heating electric resistor 5, which is used to keep the temperature oE the corn at the desired level~
To keep the temperature at the same level or to control the temperature of the corn in the second step, one may change the intensity of the infra-red rays, one may decrease the temperature of the radiators or even switch o~f some of them.
The lower part and sides of a portion or of the whole ~ carrier mechanism are thermally insulated and in the second step c, the arrangement is eventually provided with a thermally insul-.~ ating upper cover 6.
After having been heat treated, the corn falls from the .
handling equipment into a crusher 7 and from there into a cooler ~`
8, where the crushed corn is cooled down, by an air flow, which .
is kept under 40C. After having been cooled down, the product d is sent to the next treatment or to the store. ~.
To get an optimum result for different kinds of corn, .. ... . . . . . ............................... .. .. .. . . . ..
: ' . ' . .~ ` ' . ' .' ' ' `
one must set up different heating levels and different time of residence of the corn in the first and second steps of heat treat-ment, and this must be found out experimentally before the treat-ment starts, otherwise the device cannot be set up correctly.
This is done by setting up the needed intensity of irradiation, the speed of the carrier,mechanism as well as the duration of the first and second steps of the heat treatment.
This is why the infra red radiators are connected in such a manner that the intensity of irradiation may be controlled and the length of the irradiated section of the carrier mechanism may be longer or shorter, according to the needs. This can be done by switching on and off the respective radiators. The heat treatment may be shortened or prolonged, e.g. by taking off or adding removable parts of the thermally insulating upper cover.
The length of time during which the corn undergoes the heat treatment may be controlled by setting up the speed needed for the carrier mechanism.
The infra-red radiation may be made efficient by direct-ing the rays which are not used to the irradiated object using the reflection of the reflective material of the side cover. The active surface of the carrier mechanism may also be made of a reflective material. The surface of the vibratory conveyer may be provided with ~rooves or corrugation 0.2 - 4mm deep. arranged longitudinally or cross-wise. These grooves or corrugation par-tially reflect infra-red rays back to the corn and causes the corn to be turned over during its transport~
A device for a two-step heat treatment of corn accord-ing to the invention may be provided with two carrier mechanisms as shown in Fig. 2. The second step for the corn treatment is 30 formed by a separate carrler mechanism 9, such as transport belt or vibratory conveyer with an adjustable transport speedn The device for a two-step hea-t treatment of corn may be ~ -- .
~ 6 : ' 3 a¢il~
also designed 90 that the heating temperature in the second step, and possibly the entire temperature range in the first and second steps be controlled and eventually set up according to an opti-mum course, which is determined experimentally, by setting up the intensity of the radiators 4, arranged in this case even over the second step of the carrier mechanism.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following examples.
1050 g of barley with a moisture content of 14.15%, (weight of bulk material 650 kg/m3), were irradiated in a single layer for 30 seconds by means of an infra-red radiator. The temperature reached 156C. Barley was then kept at this temp-erature for 60 seconds and then rolled. It was found out by an enzymatic method that in treated barley, there were 43.51% of damaged starch, in untreated barley, there were 10.85% of damag-ed starch. As to digestible nitrogen material, in treated barley there are 82.6%, in untreated barley, 63.9% of the whole quantity of N-containing material.
EXAMPL~ 2 50 g of barley, with a moisture content of 22.22%, were irradiated in a single layer by means of an infra-red radiator for 20 seconds. The temperature reached 148C. sarley was then ~ept at this temperature for 60 seconds and then rolled. It was found out by an enzymatic method, that in treated barley, there - were 52.04% of damaged starch, in untreated barley there were 9.60% of damaged starch.
Although the invention is illustrated and described -with reference to one preferred embodiment thereof, it is to be expressly understood, that it is in no way limited to the disclosure of such preferred embodiment, but it is capable of numerous modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
~ ' ' ~ ~ 7 .. : . ...
2~
conditions shoulcl be maintained when clesired chan~es take place.
During the treatment according to the invention, the corn is partially dried and sterilized.
sy using a two-step method for the treatment of corn, one improves the economy of the process as compared to the one-step method, so that by a~plying the second step wi-thout heat sup-ply, one may even shorten the first heating step and decrease the heat consumption while the results are -the same or even better.
The method according to the invention may especially be O used for the heat trea-tment of cereals, pulses, and oil-plant products.
In accordance with the invention, there is provided a device for a two-step heat treatment of corn which comprises a feed hopper, an adjustable feeder to feed said corn from said feed hopper to a horizontal or slightly inclined carrier mechanism, said carrier mechanism followed by a crusher then a cooler, said carrier mechanism comprising a carrier belt or vibratory conveyer and means for adjusting the speed of said carrier, infra-red radiators adapted to irradiate a first stage constituting 2~/o ~ 9~/o of the ~o length of said carrier mechanism, electric resistor heating means to heat the remaining second step constituting 8~/o ~ l~/o of the length of said carrier mechanism, the lower portion and sides of at least part of said carrier mechanism being thermally insulated, the carrier mechanism in said second step being at least par-tially insulated and provided with a thermally insulated-upper cover.
In order that the method and the device according to the invention be better understood and carried into practice, a preferred embodiment thereof will hereinafter be described with re~erence to the accompanying drawings. However the drawings are not intended to limit in any way the scope of the invention.
.: .
Figure 1 is a schematic illustration o~ a device ~ ,,, , :
65~
.
device according to the invention provided with one con- :
veyor, Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a device according to the invention provlded with two conveyors, As shown in Fig. 1, cleaned corn a is.supplied and dis-tributed from a feed hop 1 via an adjustable conveyer 2 to a hori-zontal or slightly inclined carrier mechanism 3. The carrier mechanism 3 may be a transport belt or a vibratory conveyer pro- ~
vided with an adjustable carrying speed. In the first portion b .
of the carrier mechanism which forms 20% ~ 90% of its length, the corn is irradiated by means of infra-red radiators 4 consisting of ` -~. ~
surfaces of ceramic plates which are gas or electrically heated, ~ .
and which are connected into desired separately adjustable sec-tions; the other part c, i.e. the rest of the carrier mechanism, viz 8~/o ~ l~/o of its length, is provided with a -thermal insula-tion and/or with a heating electric resistor 5, which is used to keep the temperature oE the corn at the desired level~
To keep the temperature at the same level or to control the temperature of the corn in the second step, one may change the intensity of the infra-red rays, one may decrease the temperature of the radiators or even switch o~f some of them.
The lower part and sides of a portion or of the whole ~ carrier mechanism are thermally insulated and in the second step c, the arrangement is eventually provided with a thermally insul-.~ ating upper cover 6.
After having been heat treated, the corn falls from the .
handling equipment into a crusher 7 and from there into a cooler ~`
8, where the crushed corn is cooled down, by an air flow, which .
is kept under 40C. After having been cooled down, the product d is sent to the next treatment or to the store. ~.
To get an optimum result for different kinds of corn, .. ... . . . . . ............................... .. .. .. . . . ..
: ' . ' . .~ ` ' . ' .' ' ' `
one must set up different heating levels and different time of residence of the corn in the first and second steps of heat treat-ment, and this must be found out experimentally before the treat-ment starts, otherwise the device cannot be set up correctly.
This is done by setting up the needed intensity of irradiation, the speed of the carrier,mechanism as well as the duration of the first and second steps of the heat treatment.
This is why the infra red radiators are connected in such a manner that the intensity of irradiation may be controlled and the length of the irradiated section of the carrier mechanism may be longer or shorter, according to the needs. This can be done by switching on and off the respective radiators. The heat treatment may be shortened or prolonged, e.g. by taking off or adding removable parts of the thermally insulating upper cover.
The length of time during which the corn undergoes the heat treatment may be controlled by setting up the speed needed for the carrier mechanism.
The infra-red radiation may be made efficient by direct-ing the rays which are not used to the irradiated object using the reflection of the reflective material of the side cover. The active surface of the carrier mechanism may also be made of a reflective material. The surface of the vibratory conveyer may be provided with ~rooves or corrugation 0.2 - 4mm deep. arranged longitudinally or cross-wise. These grooves or corrugation par-tially reflect infra-red rays back to the corn and causes the corn to be turned over during its transport~
A device for a two-step heat treatment of corn accord-ing to the invention may be provided with two carrier mechanisms as shown in Fig. 2. The second step for the corn treatment is 30 formed by a separate carrler mechanism 9, such as transport belt or vibratory conveyer with an adjustable transport speedn The device for a two-step hea-t treatment of corn may be ~ -- .
~ 6 : ' 3 a¢il~
also designed 90 that the heating temperature in the second step, and possibly the entire temperature range in the first and second steps be controlled and eventually set up according to an opti-mum course, which is determined experimentally, by setting up the intensity of the radiators 4, arranged in this case even over the second step of the carrier mechanism.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following examples.
1050 g of barley with a moisture content of 14.15%, (weight of bulk material 650 kg/m3), were irradiated in a single layer for 30 seconds by means of an infra-red radiator. The temperature reached 156C. Barley was then kept at this temp-erature for 60 seconds and then rolled. It was found out by an enzymatic method that in treated barley, there were 43.51% of damaged starch, in untreated barley, there were 10.85% of damag-ed starch. As to digestible nitrogen material, in treated barley there are 82.6%, in untreated barley, 63.9% of the whole quantity of N-containing material.
EXAMPL~ 2 50 g of barley, with a moisture content of 22.22%, were irradiated in a single layer by means of an infra-red radiator for 20 seconds. The temperature reached 148C. sarley was then ~ept at this temperature for 60 seconds and then rolled. It was found out by an enzymatic method, that in treated barley, there - were 52.04% of damaged starch, in untreated barley there were 9.60% of damaged starch.
Although the invention is illustrated and described -with reference to one preferred embodiment thereof, it is to be expressly understood, that it is in no way limited to the disclosure of such preferred embodiment, but it is capable of numerous modifications within the scope of the appended claims.
~ ' ' ~ ~ 7 .. : . ...
Claims (9)
1. A method for a two-step heat treatment of corn with electromagnetic oscillation in the range of microwaves or infra-red radiation comprising heating corn in a first step during 5 - 120 seconds from ambient temperature to 100° - 200°C with infra-red rays or electromagnetic waves having a wave length of 0.7 - 0.1 m, and in a second step keeping said corn for 5 -200 seconds at the temperature reached during the first step or at a temperature not more than 10% higher than said last named temperature and/or gradually decreasing it down to 60°C at the most, controlling the temperature during the first step by set-ting up the intensity of infra-red rays or electromagnetic waves to the wave length 0.7 - 1.0 m and keeping temperature unchanged during the second step and crushing or flaking the corn when hot and cooling it down below 40°C.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein during the second step the temperature is controlled with electromagnetic waves of wave length 0.7 - 0.1 m.
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein during the sec-ond step, the temperature is controlled by heating with an electric resistor and/or by providing thermal insulation.
4. A device for a two-step heat treatment of corn with electromagnetic oscillation in the range of micro-waves or infra-red radiation which comprises a feed hopper, an adjust-able feeder to feed said corn from said feed hopper to a hori-zontal or slightly inclined carrier mechanism, said carrier mechanism followed by a crusher then a cooler, said carrier mechanism comprising a carrier belt or vibratory conveyor and means for adjusting the speed of said carrier, infra-red radiat-ors adapted to irradiate a first step constituting 20% - 90% of the length of said carrier mechanism, electric resistor heating means to heat the remaining second step constituting 80% - 10%
of the length of said carrier mechanism, the lower portion and sides of at least part of said carrier mechanism being thermally insulated, the carrier mechanism in said second step being at least partially insulated and provided with a thermally insulat-ed upper cover.
of the length of said carrier mechanism, the lower portion and sides of at least part of said carrier mechanism being thermally insulated, the carrier mechanism in said second step being at least partially insulated and provided with a thermally insulat-ed upper cover.
5. A device according to claim 4 wherein the second step of the carrier mechanism is prolonged or shortened by adding or taking off the thermally insulated upper cover thus simul-taneously enabling switching off or on of the infra-red radiators over the uncovered part of the first step of the carrier mech-anism.
6. A device according to claim 4 which comprises means to switch on or off some of the infra-red radiators thereby con-trolling the irradiation intensity of the first step of the carrier mechanism.
7. A device according to claims 4, 5 or 6 wherein the active surface of the carrier mechanism is made of a reflective material.
8. A device according to claims 4, 5, or 6 wherein the carrying surface of the carrier mechanism is provided with longi-tudinal or cross grooves or corrugation, the depth of said grooves or corrugation being 0.2 to 4mm.
9. A device according to claims 4, 5, or 6 wherein the second step of the carrier mechanism is made of a separate carrying belt or vibratory conveyer and means to adjust the speed of said belt or conveyor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,072A CA1092659A (en) | 1977-04-25 | 1977-04-25 | Method and device for a two-step heat treatment of corn |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,072A CA1092659A (en) | 1977-04-25 | 1977-04-25 | Method and device for a two-step heat treatment of corn |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1092659A true CA1092659A (en) | 1980-12-30 |
Family
ID=4108511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA277,072A Expired CA1092659A (en) | 1977-04-25 | 1977-04-25 | Method and device for a two-step heat treatment of corn |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1092659A (en) |
-
1977
- 1977-04-25 CA CA277,072A patent/CA1092659A/en not_active Expired
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