CA1092030A - Water in oil aerosol antiperspirant having a drying agent in the oil phase - Google Patents
Water in oil aerosol antiperspirant having a drying agent in the oil phaseInfo
- Publication number
- CA1092030A CA1092030A CA284,874A CA284874A CA1092030A CA 1092030 A CA1092030 A CA 1092030A CA 284874 A CA284874 A CA 284874A CA 1092030 A CA1092030 A CA 1092030A
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- drying agent
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Abstract
ABSTRACT OF DISCLOSURE
An aerosol antiperspirant composition in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion containing (a) propellant, (b) emulsifier, (c) drying agent, (d) water, (e) oil vehicle and (f) antiperspirant material.
An aerosol antiperspirant composition in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion containing (a) propellant, (b) emulsifier, (c) drying agent, (d) water, (e) oil vehicle and (f) antiperspirant material.
Description
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This invention relates .to aerosol antiperspirant compositions and articles o~ manu~acture containing the same. More particularly, it is concerned Nith aerosol water-in-oil emulsion compositions o~ this character which 5. have a dry feel when applied to the skin.
In the adaptation of antiperspirant compositions to aerosol ~ormulations, a number o~ problems have been encountered; the least of which are not corrosion problems and the reduction o~ e*~ectiveness o~ the active àntiper-10. spirant ingredients. The most widely used antiperspirantmaterials are aluminum compounds. ~owever, to be e~fective, these must be used in a form in which they can provide the active aluminum ion species which is believed to be the pentaaquohydroxyaluminum ion Al(H20)50H++. Aluminum compounds 15. which are rather stable towards hydrolysis will only ~orm this active ion species with great di~iculty and accordingly, will not have the requisite activity. In addition, even ~ when an aluminum compound is used which potentially is ; capable of forming the active ion species, a minimum amount 20. o~ ~ater (5. grams o~ moisture per 5 to 10 grams o~ aluminum compound) must be present before an e~ective concentration of the active ion species is obtained.
When these materials are formulated into products - in these-proportions and introduced into metal cans, corro-;~ 25. sion problems similar to those encountered in packaglng `~ aqueous acidic aluminum solutions in metal cans arise.
These materials are, there~ore~ generally used as solutions in essentially anhydrous solvents. This, however, by no means eliminates all the problems. Generally, the corrosion 30. problem, although decreased, is still present as it is impossible to maintain a strictly anhydrous system, and new ~ormulation problems usually arise.
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The ~ormulation problems that result ~rom the use o~ anhydrous solvent systems are usually o~ a physical type consisting o~ solubility problems. Materials poorly soluble in the less polar anhydrous solvents tend to precipitate 5. in the can and the valves. Prudent ~ormulating eliminates in part the solubility problems in the can and valves, but these formulas tend to have reduced e~Pectiveness. In addition, the solubility problem also manifests itsel~ in actuator clogging. In use, bhe anhydrous solution is 10. deposited on the surface o~ the actuator opening. The sol-vents then tend to evaporate and the compound hydrolyze.
The remaining salt is generall~ hard, brittle, and crystal-line in nature. It is quite hard to remove and very unsightly.
15. It has been suggested in Canadian Patent 864,5~7 that the above problems may be overcOme by employing a water-in-oil emu~sion of the active antiperspirant ion species in which this species is distributed in the aqueous phase. This composition is contained in an aerosol container 20. and the oil phase is selected so that it is highly volatile.
This permits the inversion o-~ the emulsion when the material is dispensed ~rom the can from a water-in-oil to an oil-in-water emulsion in which aqueous phase containing the active ` antiperspirant is now the external phase and the antiper-25. spirant material 1s in a position to ~unction e~fectively.
Although the compositions dsscribed in Canadian Patent 864,527 are in general satis~actory, they do have a disadvantage in use in that when applied they are inclined to give a "wet ~eel". This is usually perceived by the user 30. as a negative. It has now been ~ound that this can be reduced or avoided if there is incorporated in said water-in~oil aerosol compositions a dry powdered drying agent.
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It is accordingly an object of the prevent inven-tion to provide an aerosol antiperspirant composition com- -prising a water-in-oil emulsion in which the active antiper-spirant material is at least, for the most part, distributed in the aqueous phase and which is further characterized by the fact that there is also incorporated in the composition a dry powdered drying agent to reduce the "wet feel" of the product when applied.
Other and more detailed objects of this invention will be apparent from the following description and claims.
Thus, the present invention provides an aerosol antiperspirant composition comprising (a) propellant, (b) emulsifier, (c~ powdered drying agent, (d) water,(e) oil vehicle and (f) antiperspirant material; said composition being in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion; with the active antiperspirant ion species being in thé water phase and the dry-ing agent being in the oil phase; in which the components are present in the following relative proportions based on the total weight of the composition:
(a) propellant from about 10.0% to about 80.0%
(b) emulsifier from about 0.1% to about 10.0%
(c) drying agent from about 0.1% to about 20.0 (d) water from about 5.0% to about 60.0%
(e) oil vehicle from about 1.0% to about 30.0 (f) antiperspir- from about 5.0% to about 40.0~
; ant material -In formulating the compositions of the present invention, the aim is to have all or at least most of the dry powdered drying agent distributed in the outer or con-` tinuous oil phase of the emulsion composition. The point is to keep the drying agent out of contact with the internal aqueous phase until such time that the composition is released from the can. When the aerosol composition is released from _ 5 _ `` 1C~9203~ ~
the can and applied to the skin, most of the oil phase, which is in the form of a volatile liquid in the can~ vapor- -izes. This makes it possible ~or the drying agent to reach and adsorb or absorb water originally contained in the inter-nal aqueous phase and other moisture that may be present at the application site.
The quantity of dry powdered drying agent that may be contained in the compositions of this invention may vary somewhat. ~owever, it will ordinarily comprise from 10 about 0.1% to about 20.0~ by weight based on the total weight ~ of the finished aerosol emulsion composition.
; A variety o~ powdered drying agents known to those skilled in the art may be employed for the purposes of -the present invention. sy way of illustrating the drying agents ~ -that may be used herein, mention may be made of such materials -, 20 ,~ ~ ,..... ... .
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as talc, synthetic magnesium~aluminum silicate (e.g. VeeCote);
protein lipid-carbohydrate fraction of oats-(e.g. Cat Pro) , etc.
However, the pre~erred m~terial is talc which is described in the literature as being a finely po~dered native hydrous 5i magnesium silicate which is a white to ~rayish white ~ine crystalline powder that is odorless, unctuous, and which readily adheres to the skin.
In preparing the compositions of the invention, it is pre~erred ~irst to prepare a water-in-oil emulsion concentrate which will then be mixed with the propellant ~'~
system to produce the final aerosol water-in-oil el~ulsion product. The principal liquid vehicle forming the oil phase o~ the water-in-oil emulsion concentrate may vary in character.
I It may, ~or example, comprise a relatively volatile oil of the '' 15~i type described in more detail below or it may comprise a non-volatile oil (including mixtures thereo~); of the latter, ~ ' ' those that are o~ the skin substantive type are preferred.
To ~urther illustrate that aspect of this invention ~' that employs a "volatile oil" as the oil vehicle for the '-~ater-in-oil emulsion concentrate, it may be mentioned that t'nese ~' ' oils will ordinarily be hydrocarbon oils that can be character-ized as (a) hauing a boiling point at ambient pressures o~
no less than about 50C and no greater than about 150C;
and (b) an evaporation rate (A.S.T.M. ~ethod D-1078) no - 25- greater than about 20 minutes. Typical hydrocarbon material which can be employed include octane, Isopar E (hydrocarbon ~' mixture o~ isoparaf~inic hydrocarbons principally C8 isomers), hexane, heptane, V~&P Naptha, Isopar C (~ydrocarbon mixture o~ paraf~inic 'nydrocarbons C4 to C7 isomers), etc.
The quantity o~ volatile oil that ~.ay be used in ~ormulating the ~.later-in-oil emulsion concentrate, in ; accordance ~ith this invention, may also vary some~hat.
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Ordinarily, however, this will comprise between about l.~o to 30.0~j~ by weight based on the total weight o~ the emulsion concentrate.
As noted previously, in another aspect o~ this 5. invention, non-volatile oils, including mixtures thereof, may be used as the oil vehicles Por forming the water-in-oil emulsion concentrates. These include Patty acid ester oils, sllicone oils, oily long chain Patty alcohols and long chain Patty ethers. The pre~erred non-volatile oils are the higher 10. fatty acid ester type oils including mixtures thereoP.
Many non-volatile oils that are suitable Por the present purposes are known in the prior art. By way oP illustration, the ~ollowing may be mentioned: isopropyl myristate;
isopropyl myristate-isopropyl palmitate mixture, diiso-15. propyl sebacate~ low molecular w~ight dimethylpolysiloxanes,dibutyl phthalate, propoxylated stearyl alcohol, propoxylated-ethoxylated myristyl alcohol, diisopropyl adipate, etc.
The quantity of non-volatile oil, and prePerably higher Patty acid ester type oil that is used in ~ormulating 20. the water-in-oil emulsion concentrates of this invention may likewise ~ry somewhat. Ordinarily, however, it will com-- prise between about 1.0~ to 30.0~ by weight based on the total weight oP the emu~sion concentrate.
In preparing the water-in-oil emulsion concentrate, 25. it is advantageous to incorporate in the oil phase all the oil soluble components bePore the oil phase is mixed with the aqueous phase to Porm the emulsion concentrate. One o~
the important ingredients that will ordinarily be incor-porated in the oil phase bePore mixing with the aqueous phase 30. is the emulsifier sgstem Any suitable emulsiPler, capable oP yielding a water-in-oil emulsion is suitable ~or this purpose. By way oP illustration, the Pollowing m~y be ;.
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mentioned: EMCoL 511 (l,l-oleic acid diethanolamide), MONAMID 150 IS tisostearic acid diethanolamide); Arlacel C
(sorbitan sesquioleate); MONAMID 908 (l,l-tall oil diethanol-amide); Volpo No. 3 tpolyoxyethylene oleyl ether); EMCOL 14 5. (polyglycerol oleate).
The quantity o~ emulsifier that m~y be employed will vary according to the material selected, the nature of the oil phase and other similar considerations. However, for the most part, the emulsifier will comprise ~rom about ~10. 0.1~ to about 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion concentrate.
When non-volatile oils are employed as the oil phase for the emulsion concentrate, as for example9 in the case when it is a mixture of isopropyl myristate-isopropyl * . .. . .. . ..
~15. palmitate (65/35), it is highly advantageous to use MONAMID -150 IS defined more specifically above This is preferably used in the range o~ ~rom about 0.1~ to 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion concentrate. -In addition to the emulsi~ier, the other oil 20. soluble components of the emulsion concentrate may be added to the oil phase before forming the emulsion concentrate.
These will include such things as buf~ering agents ~e.g.
glycine), detacki~ying agents (e.g. silicone oils), perfumes, etc.
25. In incorporating the powdered drying agent into the emulsion concentrate, several procedures m~y be employed whic;h will usually depend upon the nature o~ the oil phase.
; When the oil phase is a volatile oil, it is advantageous -to add the powdered drying agent to the oil ~hase before 30. ~orming the emulsion concentrate. When the oil ph~se is primarily a non-volatile oil, e~g. a higher fatty acid ester or mixture thereo~ it is advantageous to add the dry '' ~ .
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3Lo9z030 powdered drying agent to the emulsion concentrate a~ter it is formed. The dry powdered drying agent (e.g. talc) has a greater affinity for the oil phase and therefore, at least ~or the most part becomes distributed in the oil phase of 5. the emulsion concentrate.
The aqueous phase of the emulsion concentrate prior to mixing will, for the mo~t part3 comprises an aqueo~s solution o~ a compound capable of yielding antiperspirant active ion species. M~ny materials o~ this character are 10. known in this art. It is pre~erred, however, that the active ionic species contain aluminum, zirconium, tertiary amine salt or a quaternlzed nitrogen. By way o~ illustration, the following m~terials may be mentioned: aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorhydroxide, aluminum formate, aluminum phenol 15. sulfonate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum sul~ate, aluminum methionate, zirconyl hydroxychloride, zirconium lactate, zirconium carbonate, scopolamine hydrobromide, poldine meta sulfate, hexa pyrronium bromide, zirconium oxychloride.
Of special interest for use as an antiperspirant 20. material, in accordance with the present invention, is an aluminum antiperspirant mix of aluminum chloride and a water soluble salt of aluminum less acidic than aluminum chloride (e.g. aluminum chlorhydroxide). These are described in Canadian Patent 958,338.
25. The quantities of aluminum chloride and said wa~er soluble aluminum salt which may comprise said aluminum antiperspirant mix may vary somewhat. However, in terms o~
percentages by weight of the total of powdered aluminum antiperspirant mix, the aluminum chloride will generally 30. constitute 1 to 50~0 and preferably 5 to 20~o; the balance being made up by said less acidic aluminum salt. In the case of aluminum chlorhydroxide, it is convenient to express '`
.~ _ g _ _~ ~09~031:) the relative amounts of aluminum chloride and aluminum chlor-hydroxide in terms of the molar ratios of alum~num to chloride in the dry mixture. In this case, the molar ratio of aluminum to chloride will be in the range o~ from about 0.78:1 to 5. 1.95:1. Preferably, this ratio will be in the range o~ from ~ -1.33:1 to 1.79:1.
In preparing these antiperspirant m~xes used herein, in addition to the aluminum chloride, any of the other water soluble aluminum compounds (less acidic than aluminum chloride) 10. known in the prior art as effective as antiperspirant ~aterials may be employed By way of illustrating these, mention may be made of aluminum chlorhydroxide, aluminum sulfate, "Rehydrol" (aluminum chlorhydroxide-propylene glycol complex), complex of zinc phenolsulPonate and chlorhydrol (ratio of 15. aluminum to zinc from 12:1 to 6:1), aluminum potassium -~
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sul~ate, "Wickenol 363D" (aluminum chlorhydroxide-polyethylene glycol mixture), etc. However, the preferred aluminum compound of this character is aluminum chlorhydroxide.
In forming the water-in-oil emulsion concentrate -20. employed in this invention, as noted above, an aqueous phase is em~loyed which comprises an aqueous solution of the anti-perspirant m~terial. The aqueous vehicle o~ this pha~e may consist essentially only of water but it may a~so contain one or more auxiliary solvents. By way of illustrating the 25. auxiliary solvents that may be employed, mention may be made of the ~ollowing: ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol; 1,3-butylene glycol, glycerine, etc.
When the auxiliary solvent is employed, the quan-tity used may vary somewhat. Ordinarily, it will constitute 30. no more than 10% by weight of the aqueous phase of the emulsion concentrate.
The amount of antiperspirant m~terial ~hat will be * Trade Marks ~ 10 -. ~J~
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1()9;~030 '' contained in the aqueous phase o~ the emulsion concentratemay also vary in accordance with the present invention.
Usually, however, it will constitute ~rom about 5~ to 40%
and preferably from about 20.0% to 35.0% by weight o~ the 5~ total weight of the emulsion concentrate.
As previously noted, the dry powdered drying agent employed in this invention may be added to the oil phase of the emulsion concentrate or may be added after the mixing of oil and aqueous phases has been affected. In any event, 10. the quantity of said powdered drying agent as related to the emulsion concentrate will be in the range of from about 0.1 to 30.0% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion concentrate.
The manipulative procedure that may be employed in 15. forming the emulsio~ concentrate may vary somewhat. In one suitable procedure the oil vehicle, emulsifier, perfume, and other additives as needed (silicone) are placed in a suitable container. In another container the water soluble components e.g. aluminum salts, H20, glycine, etc. are mixed. The 20. latter composition is added to the former with high speed agitation. The drying agent (e.g. talc) is then added with good mixing.
In preparing the ~inal aerosolwater-in-oil emulsion -product of this inventionJ several processes well known to ~25. those skil~ed in the art m~y be utilized. In one process, the emulsion concentrate described above is charged into an aerosol can which is then capped with an aerosol valve. This ; is then followed by the introduction of the propellant system.
The relative amounts of emulsion concentrate employed to 30. formulate the finished product will vary somewhat depending on the composition o~ the emulsion concentrate and the pro-pellant used. Usually, the ~inished product will be formed . .
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., by mix~ng between about 2G~ to 90~ by weight of emulsion con- -centrate with between about 10~ to 80~o by weight o~ propellant system, said percentages being based on the total weight of the ~inished aerosolwater-in-oil emulsion composition.
Any of a variety o~ propellant systems may be used in the composLtion of the present invention. These may com-prise one or more hydrocarbon propellants; one or more halogenated hydrocarbon propellants; or a mixture o~ one or more hydrocarbon propellants with one or more nalogenated hydrocarbon propellants. To further illustrate those propel-lants that are use~ul for the present purposes, mention may be m~de o~ the following: isobutane, n-butane, propane, -isopentane9 etc. Any o~ a number of non-hydrocaxbon propel-lants can also be employed, among which there m~y be mentioned the fluorocarbon propellants such as trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11), dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12), dichloro-tetrafluoroethane (Freon 114) etc~ and mixtures thereof.
The finished compositions of this invention are summarized in the Tabls below. In it the relative amounts of the various components given are related to the total weight of the finished compositions.
TABLE I
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~ by Weight based on Weight of Finished i Composition 25ComponentGeneral Range _ Preferred Ran~e Antiperspir-antAbout 5.0~ to about 40.0~ About 7.0~ to about 15.0~o ; .
'~ po,~Tdered ,.
dryingAbout 0.1~ to about 20.0~ Aoout 5.0~ to about 10.0~
WaterAbout 5.0~ to about 60.0~o About 20.0/~o to about 40.0$
Pro~ellant System About 10.0~ to about 80~C~o About 35.0~0 to aoout 60.0 Emulsifier About O~l~o to about lO.O~o About 0.5~ to about 2.0~o 1 35 Oil Vehicle About l.O~o to aoout 30.0~0 About l.O~o to about 10~0~
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The following Examples are given to further illus-trate the present invention. It is to be understood, however3 that the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1 5. 1A~ -~ EMnLS~ION CONCENTRATE% by Wt.
Chlorhydrol solution (50% Aqueous) 30.0 Water 22.5 Isopar L 35 0 10. Emco~ 511 (light) 2.0 Perfume 0.5 ~ WC&D Talc 5211 10.0 ~
'; 100.0 ~ -~B - PROPELIANT : Freon 12/11440~60 15. Procedure for preparing Emulsion Concentrate lA is as follows:
- A) In a suitable container place the Isopar E, -Emcol 511 and per~ume.
B) In another container mix the water and 20. chlorhydrol solution.
C~ Add step B to step A with high speed mixing.
D) Add the talc with good mixing.
Sixty percent (60~) by weight o~ Emulsion Concen-trate lA above based on the weight o~ the finished product 25. was charged into a 7 oz. aerosol can and then capped with an aerosol valve. Forty percent (40~) by weight o~ Propellant lB above was then charged into the aerosol can.
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~ g~ O -' .-Example 2 --by Wt. based 2A - EMULSIOM CONCENTRATEon Finished Product ~ !
Isopropyl palmitate~
isopropyl myristate mix (65/35) 2.00 ~-Dimethacone** o.40 (Viscosity Grade 500 centistokes) Isostearic acid diethanol amide (MO~TAMID 150 IS)0.80 -~
perfu.~e 0.15 Glycine o ,60 ~:
Water 8.o5 15- Chlorhydrol Sol. (50~ Aq.)22.9 Aluminum chloride hexahydrate sol. (50~ Aq.) 5.1 Talc ,- . :
_ _ . . . .
Isobutane 55 0 Procedure for preparing Emulsion Concentrate 2A is -; as follows:
~ 1) In a large Hobart kettle, combine the isopropyl ,~ palmitate-myristate (65/35), isostearamide DEA, dimethacone (500 centistokes) and perfume using low speed agitation.
,'~. 2) Slowly add the deionized water to Part l; a white gel will form.
3) Combine the aluminum chlorhydroxide 50~ and ~ ~ aluminum chloride hexahydrate solution 50~ and dissolve the ~ 3 aminoacetic acid in this solution. Mix until a clear solution is obtained.
4) Add Part 3 to Part 2 very slowly with agitation.
Mix until a smooth off-white gel is ~ormed.
5) Slowly add the talc and mix until a smooth off-white gel is formed.
** See The Merck Index, Eightn Edition, p. 372 :
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Emulsion Con~entrate 2A was c'narged into a 7 oz.
aerosol can which was then capped with an aerosol valve.
m e isobutane was then in~ected into the can through the aerosol valve.
5. Example 3 The procedure of Example 2 is ~ollowed except that in place o~ the talc, an equal quantity o~ a synthetic magnesium-aluminum silicate tVeeCote) is employed.
Example ~
10. The procedure of Example 2 is ~ollcwed except that in place of the talc, an equal quantity of a protein lipid carbohydrate ~raction o~ oats (Oat Pro) is employed.
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This invention relates .to aerosol antiperspirant compositions and articles o~ manu~acture containing the same. More particularly, it is concerned Nith aerosol water-in-oil emulsion compositions o~ this character which 5. have a dry feel when applied to the skin.
In the adaptation of antiperspirant compositions to aerosol ~ormulations, a number o~ problems have been encountered; the least of which are not corrosion problems and the reduction o~ e*~ectiveness o~ the active àntiper-10. spirant ingredients. The most widely used antiperspirantmaterials are aluminum compounds. ~owever, to be e~fective, these must be used in a form in which they can provide the active aluminum ion species which is believed to be the pentaaquohydroxyaluminum ion Al(H20)50H++. Aluminum compounds 15. which are rather stable towards hydrolysis will only ~orm this active ion species with great di~iculty and accordingly, will not have the requisite activity. In addition, even ~ when an aluminum compound is used which potentially is ; capable of forming the active ion species, a minimum amount 20. o~ ~ater (5. grams o~ moisture per 5 to 10 grams o~ aluminum compound) must be present before an e~ective concentration of the active ion species is obtained.
When these materials are formulated into products - in these-proportions and introduced into metal cans, corro-;~ 25. sion problems similar to those encountered in packaglng `~ aqueous acidic aluminum solutions in metal cans arise.
These materials are, there~ore~ generally used as solutions in essentially anhydrous solvents. This, however, by no means eliminates all the problems. Generally, the corrosion 30. problem, although decreased, is still present as it is impossible to maintain a strictly anhydrous system, and new ~ormulation problems usually arise.
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The ~ormulation problems that result ~rom the use o~ anhydrous solvent systems are usually o~ a physical type consisting o~ solubility problems. Materials poorly soluble in the less polar anhydrous solvents tend to precipitate 5. in the can and the valves. Prudent ~ormulating eliminates in part the solubility problems in the can and valves, but these formulas tend to have reduced e~Pectiveness. In addition, the solubility problem also manifests itsel~ in actuator clogging. In use, bhe anhydrous solution is 10. deposited on the surface o~ the actuator opening. The sol-vents then tend to evaporate and the compound hydrolyze.
The remaining salt is generall~ hard, brittle, and crystal-line in nature. It is quite hard to remove and very unsightly.
15. It has been suggested in Canadian Patent 864,5~7 that the above problems may be overcOme by employing a water-in-oil emu~sion of the active antiperspirant ion species in which this species is distributed in the aqueous phase. This composition is contained in an aerosol container 20. and the oil phase is selected so that it is highly volatile.
This permits the inversion o-~ the emulsion when the material is dispensed ~rom the can from a water-in-oil to an oil-in-water emulsion in which aqueous phase containing the active ` antiperspirant is now the external phase and the antiper-25. spirant material 1s in a position to ~unction e~fectively.
Although the compositions dsscribed in Canadian Patent 864,527 are in general satis~actory, they do have a disadvantage in use in that when applied they are inclined to give a "wet ~eel". This is usually perceived by the user 30. as a negative. It has now been ~ound that this can be reduced or avoided if there is incorporated in said water-in~oil aerosol compositions a dry powdered drying agent.
~09Z(1 30 ::
,~ .
It is accordingly an object of the prevent inven-tion to provide an aerosol antiperspirant composition com- -prising a water-in-oil emulsion in which the active antiper-spirant material is at least, for the most part, distributed in the aqueous phase and which is further characterized by the fact that there is also incorporated in the composition a dry powdered drying agent to reduce the "wet feel" of the product when applied.
Other and more detailed objects of this invention will be apparent from the following description and claims.
Thus, the present invention provides an aerosol antiperspirant composition comprising (a) propellant, (b) emulsifier, (c~ powdered drying agent, (d) water,(e) oil vehicle and (f) antiperspirant material; said composition being in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion; with the active antiperspirant ion species being in thé water phase and the dry-ing agent being in the oil phase; in which the components are present in the following relative proportions based on the total weight of the composition:
(a) propellant from about 10.0% to about 80.0%
(b) emulsifier from about 0.1% to about 10.0%
(c) drying agent from about 0.1% to about 20.0 (d) water from about 5.0% to about 60.0%
(e) oil vehicle from about 1.0% to about 30.0 (f) antiperspir- from about 5.0% to about 40.0~
; ant material -In formulating the compositions of the present invention, the aim is to have all or at least most of the dry powdered drying agent distributed in the outer or con-` tinuous oil phase of the emulsion composition. The point is to keep the drying agent out of contact with the internal aqueous phase until such time that the composition is released from the can. When the aerosol composition is released from _ 5 _ `` 1C~9203~ ~
the can and applied to the skin, most of the oil phase, which is in the form of a volatile liquid in the can~ vapor- -izes. This makes it possible ~or the drying agent to reach and adsorb or absorb water originally contained in the inter-nal aqueous phase and other moisture that may be present at the application site.
The quantity of dry powdered drying agent that may be contained in the compositions of this invention may vary somewhat. ~owever, it will ordinarily comprise from 10 about 0.1% to about 20.0~ by weight based on the total weight ~ of the finished aerosol emulsion composition.
; A variety o~ powdered drying agents known to those skilled in the art may be employed for the purposes of -the present invention. sy way of illustrating the drying agents ~ -that may be used herein, mention may be made of such materials -, 20 ,~ ~ ,..... ... .
. . .
: :
', ~
` 30 -:
,'~ ' - 5a ~ ~1 : . , :
~5" ~L092~3(~ :~
as talc, synthetic magnesium~aluminum silicate (e.g. VeeCote);
protein lipid-carbohydrate fraction of oats-(e.g. Cat Pro) , etc.
However, the pre~erred m~terial is talc which is described in the literature as being a finely po~dered native hydrous 5i magnesium silicate which is a white to ~rayish white ~ine crystalline powder that is odorless, unctuous, and which readily adheres to the skin.
In preparing the compositions of the invention, it is pre~erred ~irst to prepare a water-in-oil emulsion concentrate which will then be mixed with the propellant ~'~
system to produce the final aerosol water-in-oil el~ulsion product. The principal liquid vehicle forming the oil phase o~ the water-in-oil emulsion concentrate may vary in character.
I It may, ~or example, comprise a relatively volatile oil of the '' 15~i type described in more detail below or it may comprise a non-volatile oil (including mixtures thereo~); of the latter, ~ ' ' those that are o~ the skin substantive type are preferred.
To ~urther illustrate that aspect of this invention ~' that employs a "volatile oil" as the oil vehicle for the '-~ater-in-oil emulsion concentrate, it may be mentioned that t'nese ~' ' oils will ordinarily be hydrocarbon oils that can be character-ized as (a) hauing a boiling point at ambient pressures o~
no less than about 50C and no greater than about 150C;
and (b) an evaporation rate (A.S.T.M. ~ethod D-1078) no - 25- greater than about 20 minutes. Typical hydrocarbon material which can be employed include octane, Isopar E (hydrocarbon ~' mixture o~ isoparaf~inic hydrocarbons principally C8 isomers), hexane, heptane, V~&P Naptha, Isopar C (~ydrocarbon mixture o~ paraf~inic 'nydrocarbons C4 to C7 isomers), etc.
The quantity o~ volatile oil that ~.ay be used in ~ormulating the ~.later-in-oil emulsion concentrate, in ; accordance ~ith this invention, may also vary some~hat.
., .
* Tra~e Mar~s - 6 -,'' ' .
.. ....
- . ., . ~
Ordinarily, however, this will comprise between about l.~o to 30.0~j~ by weight based on the total weight o~ the emulsion concentrate.
As noted previously, in another aspect o~ this 5. invention, non-volatile oils, including mixtures thereof, may be used as the oil vehicles Por forming the water-in-oil emulsion concentrates. These include Patty acid ester oils, sllicone oils, oily long chain Patty alcohols and long chain Patty ethers. The pre~erred non-volatile oils are the higher 10. fatty acid ester type oils including mixtures thereoP.
Many non-volatile oils that are suitable Por the present purposes are known in the prior art. By way oP illustration, the ~ollowing may be mentioned: isopropyl myristate;
isopropyl myristate-isopropyl palmitate mixture, diiso-15. propyl sebacate~ low molecular w~ight dimethylpolysiloxanes,dibutyl phthalate, propoxylated stearyl alcohol, propoxylated-ethoxylated myristyl alcohol, diisopropyl adipate, etc.
The quantity of non-volatile oil, and prePerably higher Patty acid ester type oil that is used in ~ormulating 20. the water-in-oil emulsion concentrates of this invention may likewise ~ry somewhat. Ordinarily, however, it will com-- prise between about 1.0~ to 30.0~ by weight based on the total weight oP the emu~sion concentrate.
In preparing the water-in-oil emulsion concentrate, 25. it is advantageous to incorporate in the oil phase all the oil soluble components bePore the oil phase is mixed with the aqueous phase to Porm the emulsion concentrate. One o~
the important ingredients that will ordinarily be incor-porated in the oil phase bePore mixing with the aqueous phase 30. is the emulsifier sgstem Any suitable emulsiPler, capable oP yielding a water-in-oil emulsion is suitable ~or this purpose. By way oP illustration, the Pollowing m~y be ;.
.
,, ~V9~030 ' :"
~ ~ *
mentioned: EMCoL 511 (l,l-oleic acid diethanolamide), MONAMID 150 IS tisostearic acid diethanolamide); Arlacel C
(sorbitan sesquioleate); MONAMID 908 (l,l-tall oil diethanol-amide); Volpo No. 3 tpolyoxyethylene oleyl ether); EMCOL 14 5. (polyglycerol oleate).
The quantity o~ emulsifier that m~y be employed will vary according to the material selected, the nature of the oil phase and other similar considerations. However, for the most part, the emulsifier will comprise ~rom about ~10. 0.1~ to about 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion concentrate.
When non-volatile oils are employed as the oil phase for the emulsion concentrate, as for example9 in the case when it is a mixture of isopropyl myristate-isopropyl * . .. . .. . ..
~15. palmitate (65/35), it is highly advantageous to use MONAMID -150 IS defined more specifically above This is preferably used in the range o~ ~rom about 0.1~ to 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion concentrate. -In addition to the emulsi~ier, the other oil 20. soluble components of the emulsion concentrate may be added to the oil phase before forming the emulsion concentrate.
These will include such things as buf~ering agents ~e.g.
glycine), detacki~ying agents (e.g. silicone oils), perfumes, etc.
25. In incorporating the powdered drying agent into the emulsion concentrate, several procedures m~y be employed whic;h will usually depend upon the nature o~ the oil phase.
; When the oil phase is a volatile oil, it is advantageous -to add the powdered drying agent to the oil ~hase before 30. ~orming the emulsion concentrate. When the oil ph~se is primarily a non-volatile oil, e~g. a higher fatty acid ester or mixture thereo~ it is advantageous to add the dry '' ~ .
* Trade Marks - 8 -. ~ "' .
. ' ~
. ' ' ..
3Lo9z030 powdered drying agent to the emulsion concentrate a~ter it is formed. The dry powdered drying agent (e.g. talc) has a greater affinity for the oil phase and therefore, at least ~or the most part becomes distributed in the oil phase of 5. the emulsion concentrate.
The aqueous phase of the emulsion concentrate prior to mixing will, for the mo~t part3 comprises an aqueo~s solution o~ a compound capable of yielding antiperspirant active ion species. M~ny materials o~ this character are 10. known in this art. It is pre~erred, however, that the active ionic species contain aluminum, zirconium, tertiary amine salt or a quaternlzed nitrogen. By way o~ illustration, the following m~terials may be mentioned: aluminum chloride, aluminum chlorhydroxide, aluminum formate, aluminum phenol 15. sulfonate, aluminum phosphate, aluminum sul~ate, aluminum methionate, zirconyl hydroxychloride, zirconium lactate, zirconium carbonate, scopolamine hydrobromide, poldine meta sulfate, hexa pyrronium bromide, zirconium oxychloride.
Of special interest for use as an antiperspirant 20. material, in accordance with the present invention, is an aluminum antiperspirant mix of aluminum chloride and a water soluble salt of aluminum less acidic than aluminum chloride (e.g. aluminum chlorhydroxide). These are described in Canadian Patent 958,338.
25. The quantities of aluminum chloride and said wa~er soluble aluminum salt which may comprise said aluminum antiperspirant mix may vary somewhat. However, in terms o~
percentages by weight of the total of powdered aluminum antiperspirant mix, the aluminum chloride will generally 30. constitute 1 to 50~0 and preferably 5 to 20~o; the balance being made up by said less acidic aluminum salt. In the case of aluminum chlorhydroxide, it is convenient to express '`
.~ _ g _ _~ ~09~031:) the relative amounts of aluminum chloride and aluminum chlor-hydroxide in terms of the molar ratios of alum~num to chloride in the dry mixture. In this case, the molar ratio of aluminum to chloride will be in the range o~ from about 0.78:1 to 5. 1.95:1. Preferably, this ratio will be in the range o~ from ~ -1.33:1 to 1.79:1.
In preparing these antiperspirant m~xes used herein, in addition to the aluminum chloride, any of the other water soluble aluminum compounds (less acidic than aluminum chloride) 10. known in the prior art as effective as antiperspirant ~aterials may be employed By way of illustrating these, mention may be made of aluminum chlorhydroxide, aluminum sulfate, "Rehydrol" (aluminum chlorhydroxide-propylene glycol complex), complex of zinc phenolsulPonate and chlorhydrol (ratio of 15. aluminum to zinc from 12:1 to 6:1), aluminum potassium -~
. *
sul~ate, "Wickenol 363D" (aluminum chlorhydroxide-polyethylene glycol mixture), etc. However, the preferred aluminum compound of this character is aluminum chlorhydroxide.
In forming the water-in-oil emulsion concentrate -20. employed in this invention, as noted above, an aqueous phase is em~loyed which comprises an aqueous solution of the anti-perspirant m~terial. The aqueous vehicle o~ this pha~e may consist essentially only of water but it may a~so contain one or more auxiliary solvents. By way of illustrating the 25. auxiliary solvents that may be employed, mention may be made of the ~ollowing: ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol; 1,3-butylene glycol, glycerine, etc.
When the auxiliary solvent is employed, the quan-tity used may vary somewhat. Ordinarily, it will constitute 30. no more than 10% by weight of the aqueous phase of the emulsion concentrate.
The amount of antiperspirant m~terial ~hat will be * Trade Marks ~ 10 -. ~J~
.
: ' ~ ,, ': , .
1()9;~030 '' contained in the aqueous phase o~ the emulsion concentratemay also vary in accordance with the present invention.
Usually, however, it will constitute ~rom about 5~ to 40%
and preferably from about 20.0% to 35.0% by weight o~ the 5~ total weight of the emulsion concentrate.
As previously noted, the dry powdered drying agent employed in this invention may be added to the oil phase of the emulsion concentrate or may be added after the mixing of oil and aqueous phases has been affected. In any event, 10. the quantity of said powdered drying agent as related to the emulsion concentrate will be in the range of from about 0.1 to 30.0% by weight based on the total weight of the emulsion concentrate.
The manipulative procedure that may be employed in 15. forming the emulsio~ concentrate may vary somewhat. In one suitable procedure the oil vehicle, emulsifier, perfume, and other additives as needed (silicone) are placed in a suitable container. In another container the water soluble components e.g. aluminum salts, H20, glycine, etc. are mixed. The 20. latter composition is added to the former with high speed agitation. The drying agent (e.g. talc) is then added with good mixing.
In preparing the ~inal aerosolwater-in-oil emulsion -product of this inventionJ several processes well known to ~25. those skil~ed in the art m~y be utilized. In one process, the emulsion concentrate described above is charged into an aerosol can which is then capped with an aerosol valve. This ; is then followed by the introduction of the propellant system.
The relative amounts of emulsion concentrate employed to 30. formulate the finished product will vary somewhat depending on the composition o~ the emulsion concentrate and the pro-pellant used. Usually, the ~inished product will be formed . .
C~. .
,.
~, ~ ~ 109ZV3~1 :
., by mix~ng between about 2G~ to 90~ by weight of emulsion con- -centrate with between about 10~ to 80~o by weight o~ propellant system, said percentages being based on the total weight of the ~inished aerosolwater-in-oil emulsion composition.
Any of a variety o~ propellant systems may be used in the composLtion of the present invention. These may com-prise one or more hydrocarbon propellants; one or more halogenated hydrocarbon propellants; or a mixture o~ one or more hydrocarbon propellants with one or more nalogenated hydrocarbon propellants. To further illustrate those propel-lants that are use~ul for the present purposes, mention may be m~de o~ the following: isobutane, n-butane, propane, -isopentane9 etc. Any o~ a number of non-hydrocaxbon propel-lants can also be employed, among which there m~y be mentioned the fluorocarbon propellants such as trichlorofluoromethane (Freon 11), dichlorodifluoromethane (Freon 12), dichloro-tetrafluoroethane (Freon 114) etc~ and mixtures thereof.
The finished compositions of this invention are summarized in the Tabls below. In it the relative amounts of the various components given are related to the total weight of the finished compositions.
TABLE I
.. ~ .
~ by Weight based on Weight of Finished i Composition 25ComponentGeneral Range _ Preferred Ran~e Antiperspir-antAbout 5.0~ to about 40.0~ About 7.0~ to about 15.0~o ; .
'~ po,~Tdered ,.
dryingAbout 0.1~ to about 20.0~ Aoout 5.0~ to about 10.0~
WaterAbout 5.0~ to about 60.0~o About 20.0/~o to about 40.0$
Pro~ellant System About 10.0~ to about 80~C~o About 35.0~0 to aoout 60.0 Emulsifier About O~l~o to about lO.O~o About 0.5~ to about 2.0~o 1 35 Oil Vehicle About l.O~o to aoout 30.0~0 About l.O~o to about 10~0~
., _ , * Trade Marks - 12 ~
~ .
., ,'.
.. .
. ... .
r--~ :1()9~(~3(~
. , .
The following Examples are given to further illus-trate the present invention. It is to be understood, however3 that the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1 5. 1A~ -~ EMnLS~ION CONCENTRATE% by Wt.
Chlorhydrol solution (50% Aqueous) 30.0 Water 22.5 Isopar L 35 0 10. Emco~ 511 (light) 2.0 Perfume 0.5 ~ WC&D Talc 5211 10.0 ~
'; 100.0 ~ -~B - PROPELIANT : Freon 12/11440~60 15. Procedure for preparing Emulsion Concentrate lA is as follows:
- A) In a suitable container place the Isopar E, -Emcol 511 and per~ume.
B) In another container mix the water and 20. chlorhydrol solution.
C~ Add step B to step A with high speed mixing.
D) Add the talc with good mixing.
Sixty percent (60~) by weight o~ Emulsion Concen-trate lA above based on the weight o~ the finished product 25. was charged into a 7 oz. aerosol can and then capped with an aerosol valve. Forty percent (40~) by weight o~ Propellant lB above was then charged into the aerosol can.
* Trade Marks ., .
, .
'' ~l , "'' .', ~
~ g~ O -' .-Example 2 --by Wt. based 2A - EMULSIOM CONCENTRATEon Finished Product ~ !
Isopropyl palmitate~
isopropyl myristate mix (65/35) 2.00 ~-Dimethacone** o.40 (Viscosity Grade 500 centistokes) Isostearic acid diethanol amide (MO~TAMID 150 IS)0.80 -~
perfu.~e 0.15 Glycine o ,60 ~:
Water 8.o5 15- Chlorhydrol Sol. (50~ Aq.)22.9 Aluminum chloride hexahydrate sol. (50~ Aq.) 5.1 Talc ,- . :
_ _ . . . .
Isobutane 55 0 Procedure for preparing Emulsion Concentrate 2A is -; as follows:
~ 1) In a large Hobart kettle, combine the isopropyl ,~ palmitate-myristate (65/35), isostearamide DEA, dimethacone (500 centistokes) and perfume using low speed agitation.
,'~. 2) Slowly add the deionized water to Part l; a white gel will form.
3) Combine the aluminum chlorhydroxide 50~ and ~ ~ aluminum chloride hexahydrate solution 50~ and dissolve the ~ 3 aminoacetic acid in this solution. Mix until a clear solution is obtained.
4) Add Part 3 to Part 2 very slowly with agitation.
Mix until a smooth off-white gel is ~ormed.
5) Slowly add the talc and mix until a smooth off-white gel is formed.
** See The Merck Index, Eightn Edition, p. 372 :
)9Z03~
Emulsion Con~entrate 2A was c'narged into a 7 oz.
aerosol can which was then capped with an aerosol valve.
m e isobutane was then in~ected into the can through the aerosol valve.
5. Example 3 The procedure of Example 2 is ~ollowed except that in place o~ the talc, an equal quantity o~ a synthetic magnesium-aluminum silicate tVeeCote) is employed.
Example ~
10. The procedure of Example 2 is ~ollcwed except that in place of the talc, an equal quantity of a protein lipid carbohydrate ~raction o~ oats (Oat Pro) is employed.
, :.
Claims (12)
1. An aerosol antiperspirant composition com-prising (a) propellant, (b) emulsifier, (c) powdered drying agent, (d) water, (e) oil vehicle and (f) antiperspirant material; said composition being in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion; with the active antiperspirant ion species being in the water phase and the drying agent being in the oil phase;
in which the components are present in the following relative proportions based on the total weight of the composition:
(a) propellant from about 10.0% to about 80.0%
(b) emulsifier from about 0.1% to about 10.0%
(c) drying agent from about 0.1% to about 20.0%
(d) water from about 5.0% to about 60.0%
(e) oil vehicle from about 1.0% to about 30.0%
(f) antiperspir- from about 5.0% to about 40.0%
ant material
in which the components are present in the following relative proportions based on the total weight of the composition:
(a) propellant from about 10.0% to about 80.0%
(b) emulsifier from about 0.1% to about 10.0%
(c) drying agent from about 0.1% to about 20.0%
(d) water from about 5.0% to about 60.0%
(e) oil vehicle from about 1.0% to about 30.0%
(f) antiperspir- from about 5.0% to about 40.0%
ant material
2. An aerosol composition according to Claim 1 in which said oil vehicle is a volatile hydrocarbon oil having a boiling point at ambient pressures of no less than about 50°C and no greater than about 150°C.
3. An aerosol composition according to Claim 2 in which said volatile oil comprises from about 1.0% to about 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
4. A composition according to Claim 3 wherein the drying agent is talc.
5. A composition according to Claim 4 wherein the talc is present in the range of from about 5.0% to about 10.0%
by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
6. A composition according to Claim 4 wherein said volatile oil is a hydrocarbon mixture of isoparaffinic hydro-carbon consisting principally of eight carbon isomers.
7. An aerosol composition according to Claim 1 in which said oil vehicle comprises one or more non-volatile oils.
8. A composition according to Claim 7 in which the oil vehicle is one or more ester oils.
9. A composition according to Claim 8 in which said ester oil vehicle is present in the range of from about 1.0% to about 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
10. A composition according to Claim 9 in which the drying agent is talc.
11. A composition according to Claim 10 in which the talc is present in the range of from about 5.0% to about 10.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
12. A composition according to Claim 10 in which the ester oil vehicle is a mixture of isopropyl palmitate-isopropyl myristate.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US76629577A | 1977-02-07 | 1977-02-07 | |
| US766,295 | 1977-02-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1092030A true CA1092030A (en) | 1980-12-23 |
Family
ID=25076012
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA284,874A Expired CA1092030A (en) | 1977-02-07 | 1977-08-17 | Water in oil aerosol antiperspirant having a drying agent in the oil phase |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU512201B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1092030A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4695451A (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1987-09-22 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Aerosol antiperspirant composition |
-
1977
- 1977-08-17 CA CA284,874A patent/CA1092030A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-11-07 AU AU30375/77A patent/AU512201B2/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4695451A (en) * | 1981-12-30 | 1987-09-22 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Aerosol antiperspirant composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU3037577A (en) | 1979-05-17 |
| AU512201B2 (en) | 1980-09-25 |
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