CA1090249A - Insecticidal compositions - Google Patents
Insecticidal compositionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1090249A CA1090249A CA292,638A CA292638A CA1090249A CA 1090249 A CA1090249 A CA 1090249A CA 292638 A CA292638 A CA 292638A CA 1090249 A CA1090249 A CA 1090249A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- white oil
- range
- insecticidal composition
- composition
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
- A01N37/38—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids having at least one oxygen or sulfur atom attached to an aromatic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE : INSECTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS
ABSTRACT
Emulsifiable concentrates comprising compounds of formula I
(wherein R is H or CN and R1 is either II or III where X is Cl or Me and Y and Z are both Cl or both Me or Y is H and Z is Me or IV where Q is Br or Cl); a liquid diluent consisting essentially of a major proportion of white oil and a minor proportion of an aromatic solvent based on alkylated benzenes and an anionic or nonionic surface active agent.
m-PhOC6H4CH(R)O.CO.R1 XC6H4?HCHMe2 (I) (II)
ABSTRACT
Emulsifiable concentrates comprising compounds of formula I
(wherein R is H or CN and R1 is either II or III where X is Cl or Me and Y and Z are both Cl or both Me or Y is H and Z is Me or IV where Q is Br or Cl); a liquid diluent consisting essentially of a major proportion of white oil and a minor proportion of an aromatic solvent based on alkylated benzenes and an anionic or nonionic surface active agent.
m-PhOC6H4CH(R)O.CO.R1 XC6H4?HCHMe2 (I) (II)
Description
1~ 9 This invention relates to insecticidal compositions.
It is known to prepare insecticidal compositions in the form of emulsifiable concentrates in which an insecticidal active ingredient is mixed with an aromatic solvent based on alkylated benzenes (usually di- and trimethylbenzenes) and a surface active agent. When such concentrates are mixed with a large volume of water preparatory to spraying the presence of the surface active agent ensures that a emulsion is formed and the solvent and active ingredient remain uniformly distributed in the water for a sufficient time to enable the diluted composition to be applied by conventional spray e~uipment to a locus which it is desired to treat with the insecticide.
It has however been discovered that when such emulsi-fiable concentrates contain active ingredients selected from certain classes of insecticide they would be capable of inflicting serious ocular damage in mammals if accidentally brought into contact with the eyes.
This effect, which is characterised by severe eye irritation usually coupled with the onset of a pannus reaction (development of corneal opacity and the irreversible growth of healing tissue over the eye), could not have been predicted from the demonstrated toxic effects of either the aromatic solvent or the active ingredient in isolation, since both
It is known to prepare insecticidal compositions in the form of emulsifiable concentrates in which an insecticidal active ingredient is mixed with an aromatic solvent based on alkylated benzenes (usually di- and trimethylbenzenes) and a surface active agent. When such concentrates are mixed with a large volume of water preparatory to spraying the presence of the surface active agent ensures that a emulsion is formed and the solvent and active ingredient remain uniformly distributed in the water for a sufficient time to enable the diluted composition to be applied by conventional spray e~uipment to a locus which it is desired to treat with the insecticide.
It has however been discovered that when such emulsi-fiable concentrates contain active ingredients selected from certain classes of insecticide they would be capable of inflicting serious ocular damage in mammals if accidentally brought into contact with the eyes.
This effect, which is characterised by severe eye irritation usually coupled with the onset of a pannus reaction (development of corneal opacity and the irreversible growth of healing tissue over the eye), could not have been predicted from the demonstrated toxic effects of either the aromatic solvent or the active ingredient in isolation, since both
- 2 -exhibit only mild irritation of the eye, without any pannus reaction. These unexpected and undesirable effects appear to be limited to insecticides of the types described in published British Patent Specifications nos. 1,439,615, 1,413,419 and 1,448,228.
The present invention provides insecticidal compositions in the form of emulsifiable concentrates which consist essentially of (a) an active ingredient of formula:-C6~5 ~ CH(~-o-c-o wherein R is hydrogen or cyano, and Rl is either (i) a group of formula:-X~
~ CX-CH(CH3)2 I
where X is chlorine, or methyl, or (ii) a group of formula:-Y` C ~ CH-f 1~0~
where Y and z are both chlorine or both methyl, or Y is hydrogen and Z is methyl or a group of formula:-~C=CH --where Q is bromine or chlorine; in association with (b) a liquid diluent consisting essentially of a major proportion of white oil and a minor proportion af an aromatic solvent based on alkylated benzenes; and (c) an anionic or non-ionic surface active agent; the white oil constituting from about 35% to about 75% w/v of the composition and the total of white oil and active ingredient constituting about 55~ to about 85~ w/v of the composition.
The compositions of the invention may be prepared by conventional mixing techniques and may be used to combat insect pests in the conventional manner, being diluted with water before use.
15~ It has been surprisingly found that not only are the invention compositions much less hazardous to mammalian eye tissue, but also they are actually more efficacious in the control of insect pests than the conventional aromatic solvent based compositions.
Specific e~amples of insecticides which may be employed as active ingredients in the invention compositions include 1~3~ 0 ~ ~ ~
permethrin (3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate), cypermethrin (a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate), phenvalerate (a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate), and decamethrin ~(S)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (lR,3S)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate).
The active ingredient may conveniently be used in the form of 'technical' grade material which is the form in which it is obtained in practise when manufactured, sub-stantially free of gross impurities and solvents, and in all other respects suitable for formulation into compositions for use as insecticides or tickicides.
The term 'white oil' as used herein means re~ined ,~
paraffinic hydrocarbons boiling at a temperature greater than 300C, and containing a high (~ 90%) unsulphonatable residue. Preferable the white oil has a greater than 95%
unsulphonatable residue. A typical white oil suitable for use in the invention compositions has a distillation range as follows:-10% point 310-340C
50% point 350-375C
80% point 380-400C
o~9 Typical examples of suitable materials include those sold under the tradenames 'Puremor', 'Sunspray' 6N, and 'Risella' 17. ('Puremor', 'Sunspray' and 'Risella' are registered Trade Marks).
Surface active agents for use in the invention composi-tions are preferably of the anionic or non-ionic type.
Suitable agents of the anionic type include for example soaps, salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulphuric acid, for example sodium lauryl sulphate; and salts of sulphonated aromatic compounds, for example dodecylbenzenesulphonate, sodium, calcium and ammonium lignosulphate, butylnaphthalene sulphonate, and a mixture of the sodium salts of diisopropyl-and triisopropyl-naphthalenesulphonic acid. Suitable agents of the non-ionic type include, for example, the condensation products of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols such as oleyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol, or with alkyl phenols such as octylphenol, nonylphenol, and octylcresol. Other non-ionic agents are the partial esters derived from long chain fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitol mono-laurate; the condensation products of the said partial esters w~th ethylene oxide and the lecithins.
More than one surface active agent may be used in the invehtion compositions to achieve the necessary emulsifying action and to optimise the behaviour of the dilute composi-tion on the treated surface e.g. crop foliage.
z~ -The amount of surface active agent (or agents if more than one is used) will vary according to the amount of the other ingredients present, but is generally within the range 5 to 20% w/v, and preferably within the range 7 to 12% w/v of the emulsifiable concentrate.
The amount of aromatic solvent present in the concen-trate varies principally with the choice and amount of active ingredient. Thus ~he active ingredients of the type represented by the foregoing formula wherein R is cyano are much less soluble in the white oil than those wherein R is hydrogen, and thus require the use of more aromatic solvent to achieve miscibility. The range is generally from about 10% to about 40% w/v, and preferably rom 12 to 30~ w/v. If less than 10% is used there is incomplete miscibility of the ingredients. Compositions comprising more than 40% of the aromatic solvent do not exhibit the reduction in ocular damage.
The concentrates may be prepared by simply mixing the various ingredients together. Preferably the active ingredient is dissolved in the aromatic solvent together with the surface active agent or agents and this mixture then diluted with the white oil.
The compositlons thus produced are stable over long periods and may be diluted with water before being sprayed to combat insect pests.
Although the Examples given herein refer to various materials identified by their Trademarks, it is not intended to imply that the invention is limited solely to concentrates prepared using these materials. Thus alternative materials S for use as surface active agents in the emulsifiable concen-trates of the invention may be found, for example, by reference to McCutcheonis "Detergents and Emulsifiers" ~1975 Edition) in Book I or Book II of the combined edition thereof (published by McCutcheon's Division, M C Publishing I0 Company, Glen Rock, New Jersey, USA). This reference also indicates the sources of the various Trademarked materials - ~eferred to in the Examples, with the exception of 'Aromasol' H, which is an aromatic naphtha consisting o~ alkylated benzenes, principally the isomeric trimethylbenzenes along with a minor proportion of C8 and C10 alkylated benzenes.
Alternatives to 'Aromasol' H include mixed xylenes, and an aromatic naphtha sold under the trademark 'Tenneco' 500/100.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples.
ExAMæLE 1 This Example illustrates an emulsifiable concentrate according to the lnvention. The following ingredients were ~
mixed together in the proportions stated.
% w/v Permethrin (t~chnical) 2500 'Atlox' 3404F 6.0 'Triton' X207 3.0 White Oil 45.0 'Aromasol' H -to 100.0 ('Atlox'l 'Triton' and 'Aromasol' are Registered Trade Marks).
This Example illustrates another emulsifiable concen-trate according to the invention.
% w/v Cypermethrin 10.0 'Atlox' 3404F 7.2 'Triton' X207 1.8 White Oil 60.0 'Aromasol' H to 100.0 ExAMæLE 3 This Example illustrates a further emulsifiable concen-trate according to the invention.
% w/v Phenvalerate 25.0 'Atlox' 3404F 9.0 White Oil 45.0 'Aromasol' H to 100.0 An emulsifiable concentrate according to the invention was prepared by mixing together the following ingredients in S the proportions stated and then diluting the mixture with white oil until the total volume was 1 litre.
.
Permethrin (technical) 50 g 'Arylan' CA 36 g 'Synperonic' A4 54 g 'Aromasol' H 120 g The concentrate thus produced contained 5~ w/v of permethrinand had a specific gravLty of 0.88 at 15C.
, ~ - 10 -~ 3 An emulsifiable concentrate comprising cypermethrin was prepared by mixing together the following ingredients. The white oil was added last.
% w/v Cypermethrin (technical~ 25.0 'Atlox' 3404F 3.0 'Atloxl 3409F 4.5 'Aromasol' H 30.0 White oil to 100.0 The resulting concentrate possessed a specific gravity of 0.96 at 15C.
This Example illustrates the preparation and composition of an emulsifiable concentrate comprising 0.5% w/v of decamethrin. A solution of decamethrin in isophorone was added to the mixture of surface active agents and white oil, and the resultant mixture diluted with 'Aromasol' H. The concentrate had the following composition.
2~9 % W/V
Decamethrin (technical) 0.5 Isophorone 7 5 .
'Atlox' 3404F 7.0 'Atlox' 3409F 3.0 White oil 43.5 'Aromasol' H to 100.0 An emuLsifiable concentrate according to the invention was prepared by mixing the following ingredients togethe~ in the proportions given, the white oil being added last.
~ w/v Permethrin (technical)10.0 'Atlox' 3404F 7.2 'Tritonl X207 1.8 'Aromasol' H 12.0 White oil to 100.0 The specific gravity of the concentrate was 0.90 at 15C.
- 15?~ ;2 L'b ~3 An emulsifiable concentrate containing 2% w/v permethrin was prepared by mixing together the following ingredients in the proportions given, the white oil being added last.
w/v Permethrin (technical)2.0 'Atlox' 34a4F 6.0 'Triton' X207 3.0 'Aromasol' H 10.0 White oil to 100.0 The eye irritancy of the composition of Example 1 was determined i~ comparison with that of a standard emulsifiable concentrate of the conventional type having the following cons~titution.
% w/v Permethrin (technical) 25.0 'Arylan' CA 7.5 'Synperonic' OP10 12.5 2-Methoxyethanol: 5.0 'Aromasol' H to 100.0 Z4~
('Arylan' and 'Synperonic' are Registered Trade Marks).
The tests were conducted using the procedure of Draize, J.H., (1959), Appraisal o~ the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics, Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States, 46. The numerical scores obtained in these tests were interpreted and classified by the system described by Kay, J.H., and Calandra, J.C., (1962) J. Soc.
Cosme~. Chem. 13, 6 to produce a grading on the Draize scale of 1 to 8 where 1 repre3ents no effect and 8 represents severe eye damage. The results are given in the following table.
_ _ _ _ .
NUMERICAL SCORES
_ DAYDAY DAY DAY DAY DRAI ZE
FORMULA~ ION 1 2 3 6 7 GRAD ING
. _ Standard~EC 29 23 19.5 30* 15* 6 Example 1 EC 9.3 6 2. 7 O O 4 _. . _ , .
* The pannus reaction was observed to have set in on the 6th day with the Standard EC. No such reaction was observed with the composition of the invention.
A grading of 6 indicates that the Standard EC is a severe irritant, whereas the grading of 4 for the composition of the invention indicates that it is only a mild irritant.
~U~5~ 9 In a further series of tests other compositions of the lnvention were compared with standaxd emulsion concen-trateq containing no white oil. The results are set out in the following Table.
~Ci~ ,.
r~z ~
U~
c~ z~ ~ ~ o a) ~c~ _ ~ ~;
H 3 ~D ~D Lt~ ~
_ -~
The present invention provides insecticidal compositions in the form of emulsifiable concentrates which consist essentially of (a) an active ingredient of formula:-C6~5 ~ CH(~-o-c-o wherein R is hydrogen or cyano, and Rl is either (i) a group of formula:-X~
~ CX-CH(CH3)2 I
where X is chlorine, or methyl, or (ii) a group of formula:-Y` C ~ CH-f 1~0~
where Y and z are both chlorine or both methyl, or Y is hydrogen and Z is methyl or a group of formula:-~C=CH --where Q is bromine or chlorine; in association with (b) a liquid diluent consisting essentially of a major proportion of white oil and a minor proportion af an aromatic solvent based on alkylated benzenes; and (c) an anionic or non-ionic surface active agent; the white oil constituting from about 35% to about 75% w/v of the composition and the total of white oil and active ingredient constituting about 55~ to about 85~ w/v of the composition.
The compositions of the invention may be prepared by conventional mixing techniques and may be used to combat insect pests in the conventional manner, being diluted with water before use.
15~ It has been surprisingly found that not only are the invention compositions much less hazardous to mammalian eye tissue, but also they are actually more efficacious in the control of insect pests than the conventional aromatic solvent based compositions.
Specific e~amples of insecticides which may be employed as active ingredients in the invention compositions include 1~3~ 0 ~ ~ ~
permethrin (3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate), cypermethrin (a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate), phenvalerate (a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate), and decamethrin ~(S)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (lR,3S)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate).
The active ingredient may conveniently be used in the form of 'technical' grade material which is the form in which it is obtained in practise when manufactured, sub-stantially free of gross impurities and solvents, and in all other respects suitable for formulation into compositions for use as insecticides or tickicides.
The term 'white oil' as used herein means re~ined ,~
paraffinic hydrocarbons boiling at a temperature greater than 300C, and containing a high (~ 90%) unsulphonatable residue. Preferable the white oil has a greater than 95%
unsulphonatable residue. A typical white oil suitable for use in the invention compositions has a distillation range as follows:-10% point 310-340C
50% point 350-375C
80% point 380-400C
o~9 Typical examples of suitable materials include those sold under the tradenames 'Puremor', 'Sunspray' 6N, and 'Risella' 17. ('Puremor', 'Sunspray' and 'Risella' are registered Trade Marks).
Surface active agents for use in the invention composi-tions are preferably of the anionic or non-ionic type.
Suitable agents of the anionic type include for example soaps, salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulphuric acid, for example sodium lauryl sulphate; and salts of sulphonated aromatic compounds, for example dodecylbenzenesulphonate, sodium, calcium and ammonium lignosulphate, butylnaphthalene sulphonate, and a mixture of the sodium salts of diisopropyl-and triisopropyl-naphthalenesulphonic acid. Suitable agents of the non-ionic type include, for example, the condensation products of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols such as oleyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol, or with alkyl phenols such as octylphenol, nonylphenol, and octylcresol. Other non-ionic agents are the partial esters derived from long chain fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitol mono-laurate; the condensation products of the said partial esters w~th ethylene oxide and the lecithins.
More than one surface active agent may be used in the invehtion compositions to achieve the necessary emulsifying action and to optimise the behaviour of the dilute composi-tion on the treated surface e.g. crop foliage.
z~ -The amount of surface active agent (or agents if more than one is used) will vary according to the amount of the other ingredients present, but is generally within the range 5 to 20% w/v, and preferably within the range 7 to 12% w/v of the emulsifiable concentrate.
The amount of aromatic solvent present in the concen-trate varies principally with the choice and amount of active ingredient. Thus ~he active ingredients of the type represented by the foregoing formula wherein R is cyano are much less soluble in the white oil than those wherein R is hydrogen, and thus require the use of more aromatic solvent to achieve miscibility. The range is generally from about 10% to about 40% w/v, and preferably rom 12 to 30~ w/v. If less than 10% is used there is incomplete miscibility of the ingredients. Compositions comprising more than 40% of the aromatic solvent do not exhibit the reduction in ocular damage.
The concentrates may be prepared by simply mixing the various ingredients together. Preferably the active ingredient is dissolved in the aromatic solvent together with the surface active agent or agents and this mixture then diluted with the white oil.
The compositlons thus produced are stable over long periods and may be diluted with water before being sprayed to combat insect pests.
Although the Examples given herein refer to various materials identified by their Trademarks, it is not intended to imply that the invention is limited solely to concentrates prepared using these materials. Thus alternative materials S for use as surface active agents in the emulsifiable concen-trates of the invention may be found, for example, by reference to McCutcheonis "Detergents and Emulsifiers" ~1975 Edition) in Book I or Book II of the combined edition thereof (published by McCutcheon's Division, M C Publishing I0 Company, Glen Rock, New Jersey, USA). This reference also indicates the sources of the various Trademarked materials - ~eferred to in the Examples, with the exception of 'Aromasol' H, which is an aromatic naphtha consisting o~ alkylated benzenes, principally the isomeric trimethylbenzenes along with a minor proportion of C8 and C10 alkylated benzenes.
Alternatives to 'Aromasol' H include mixed xylenes, and an aromatic naphtha sold under the trademark 'Tenneco' 500/100.
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples.
ExAMæLE 1 This Example illustrates an emulsifiable concentrate according to the lnvention. The following ingredients were ~
mixed together in the proportions stated.
% w/v Permethrin (t~chnical) 2500 'Atlox' 3404F 6.0 'Triton' X207 3.0 White Oil 45.0 'Aromasol' H -to 100.0 ('Atlox'l 'Triton' and 'Aromasol' are Registered Trade Marks).
This Example illustrates another emulsifiable concen-trate according to the invention.
% w/v Cypermethrin 10.0 'Atlox' 3404F 7.2 'Triton' X207 1.8 White Oil 60.0 'Aromasol' H to 100.0 ExAMæLE 3 This Example illustrates a further emulsifiable concen-trate according to the invention.
% w/v Phenvalerate 25.0 'Atlox' 3404F 9.0 White Oil 45.0 'Aromasol' H to 100.0 An emulsifiable concentrate according to the invention was prepared by mixing together the following ingredients in S the proportions stated and then diluting the mixture with white oil until the total volume was 1 litre.
.
Permethrin (technical) 50 g 'Arylan' CA 36 g 'Synperonic' A4 54 g 'Aromasol' H 120 g The concentrate thus produced contained 5~ w/v of permethrinand had a specific gravLty of 0.88 at 15C.
, ~ - 10 -~ 3 An emulsifiable concentrate comprising cypermethrin was prepared by mixing together the following ingredients. The white oil was added last.
% w/v Cypermethrin (technical~ 25.0 'Atlox' 3404F 3.0 'Atloxl 3409F 4.5 'Aromasol' H 30.0 White oil to 100.0 The resulting concentrate possessed a specific gravity of 0.96 at 15C.
This Example illustrates the preparation and composition of an emulsifiable concentrate comprising 0.5% w/v of decamethrin. A solution of decamethrin in isophorone was added to the mixture of surface active agents and white oil, and the resultant mixture diluted with 'Aromasol' H. The concentrate had the following composition.
2~9 % W/V
Decamethrin (technical) 0.5 Isophorone 7 5 .
'Atlox' 3404F 7.0 'Atlox' 3409F 3.0 White oil 43.5 'Aromasol' H to 100.0 An emuLsifiable concentrate according to the invention was prepared by mixing the following ingredients togethe~ in the proportions given, the white oil being added last.
~ w/v Permethrin (technical)10.0 'Atlox' 3404F 7.2 'Tritonl X207 1.8 'Aromasol' H 12.0 White oil to 100.0 The specific gravity of the concentrate was 0.90 at 15C.
- 15?~ ;2 L'b ~3 An emulsifiable concentrate containing 2% w/v permethrin was prepared by mixing together the following ingredients in the proportions given, the white oil being added last.
w/v Permethrin (technical)2.0 'Atlox' 34a4F 6.0 'Triton' X207 3.0 'Aromasol' H 10.0 White oil to 100.0 The eye irritancy of the composition of Example 1 was determined i~ comparison with that of a standard emulsifiable concentrate of the conventional type having the following cons~titution.
% w/v Permethrin (technical) 25.0 'Arylan' CA 7.5 'Synperonic' OP10 12.5 2-Methoxyethanol: 5.0 'Aromasol' H to 100.0 Z4~
('Arylan' and 'Synperonic' are Registered Trade Marks).
The tests were conducted using the procedure of Draize, J.H., (1959), Appraisal o~ the Safety of Chemicals in Foods, Drugs, and Cosmetics, Association of Food and Drug Officials of the United States, 46. The numerical scores obtained in these tests were interpreted and classified by the system described by Kay, J.H., and Calandra, J.C., (1962) J. Soc.
Cosme~. Chem. 13, 6 to produce a grading on the Draize scale of 1 to 8 where 1 repre3ents no effect and 8 represents severe eye damage. The results are given in the following table.
_ _ _ _ .
NUMERICAL SCORES
_ DAYDAY DAY DAY DAY DRAI ZE
FORMULA~ ION 1 2 3 6 7 GRAD ING
. _ Standard~EC 29 23 19.5 30* 15* 6 Example 1 EC 9.3 6 2. 7 O O 4 _. . _ , .
* The pannus reaction was observed to have set in on the 6th day with the Standard EC. No such reaction was observed with the composition of the invention.
A grading of 6 indicates that the Standard EC is a severe irritant, whereas the grading of 4 for the composition of the invention indicates that it is only a mild irritant.
~U~5~ 9 In a further series of tests other compositions of the lnvention were compared with standaxd emulsion concen-trateq containing no white oil. The results are set out in the following Table.
~Ci~ ,.
r~z ~
U~
c~ z~ ~ ~ o a) ~c~ _ ~ ~;
H 3 ~D ~D Lt~ ~
_ -~
3 ~ O
.
.~ .
_ .~
H Z ~ .C ~
P
Z
~LI(3~a)~ s Similar tests have also shown that a conventional 30%
emuLsion concentrate (containing no white oil) of phenvalerate also gives a Draize grading of 6, as does a 1.25~ standard emulsion concentrate of a-cyano-3-phenoxy~enzyl (lR.3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl~-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate.
These high Draize gradings and the onset of the pannus reaction could not have been predicted from the data for the technical grade active ingredient ~ se. These are given in the following Table. -~
)2'~9 Z
U~ H
æ ~ z z æ z;
_ H ~ r 1~ C~1 ,_ ~0 .
H ~ ~1 ~ _I
El E~ .. .. .. ..
C) _ ~ ~ _, .,1 rl U~ C~ 1: h E~ A ~1 H ~
~ ~ ~ $ ~
c~ a~ a~ ~ ~
. H Q~ ~ U U
~ ~U U ~Ud U
H rl ~1 rl rl . ~ U U C) U
.
~ - 18 - `
.
24~1 These tests clearly demonstrate that although the active ingredients ~ se do not present a serious hazard to eye tlssue, when they are present in a composition comprising an aromatic solvent in certain proportions not only does the irritancy factor as measured on the Draize scale increase from slight or mild to severe but also in most cases there is also an onset of the pannus reaction. These undesirable hazardous effects are clearly mitigated by the inclusion of white oil in the compositions.
This Example illustrates the superior insecticidal effect of the invention composition of Example 1 in a field trial comparison with the Standard EC described in Example
.
.~ .
_ .~
H Z ~ .C ~
P
Z
~LI(3~a)~ s Similar tests have also shown that a conventional 30%
emuLsion concentrate (containing no white oil) of phenvalerate also gives a Draize grading of 6, as does a 1.25~ standard emulsion concentrate of a-cyano-3-phenoxy~enzyl (lR.3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl~-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate.
These high Draize gradings and the onset of the pannus reaction could not have been predicted from the data for the technical grade active ingredient ~ se. These are given in the following Table. -~
)2'~9 Z
U~ H
æ ~ z z æ z;
_ H ~ r 1~ C~1 ,_ ~0 .
H ~ ~1 ~ _I
El E~ .. .. .. ..
C) _ ~ ~ _, .,1 rl U~ C~ 1: h E~ A ~1 H ~
~ ~ ~ $ ~
c~ a~ a~ ~ ~
. H Q~ ~ U U
~ ~U U ~Ud U
H rl ~1 rl rl . ~ U U C) U
.
~ - 18 - `
.
24~1 These tests clearly demonstrate that although the active ingredients ~ se do not present a serious hazard to eye tlssue, when they are present in a composition comprising an aromatic solvent in certain proportions not only does the irritancy factor as measured on the Draize scale increase from slight or mild to severe but also in most cases there is also an onset of the pannus reaction. These undesirable hazardous effects are clearly mitigated by the inclusion of white oil in the compositions.
This Example illustrates the superior insecticidal effect of the invention composition of Example 1 in a field trial comparison with the Standard EC described in Example
4.
(a) Cotton plants, infested with Heliothis armigera, Earias insulana, and Ostrinia nubilalis, were sprayed with aqueous compositions made by diluting the emulsifiable concentrates, at the flowering stage, 8 weeks and 9 weeks after sowing. The compositions contained 25, 50 and 100 ppm of the active ingredient. The number of damaged buds was ~O ass~ssed seven days later. Treatments which give less than
(a) Cotton plants, infested with Heliothis armigera, Earias insulana, and Ostrinia nubilalis, were sprayed with aqueous compositions made by diluting the emulsifiable concentrates, at the flowering stage, 8 weeks and 9 weeks after sowing. The compositions contained 25, 50 and 100 ppm of the active ingredient. The number of damaged buds was ~O ass~ssed seven days later. Treatments which give less than
5% of damaged buds are considered satisfactory. The results are given in the following table.
. ~ .
L~9 _ _ FORMULATION RATE PPM % DAM~GED BUDS
__ _ ~ . . _ Standard EC 25 15.l
. ~ .
L~9 _ _ FORMULATION RATE PPM % DAM~GED BUDS
__ _ ~ . . _ Standard EC 25 15.l
6.6 .
lOO 2.5 .. _ ,, Example l EC 25 4 6 lOO 4.6 . ,~
Control . 36.7 (b) Vines infested with larval 10besia botr_na were sprayed with aqueous compositions of the EC's containing 20 and 30 ppm of active ingredlent. The number of 3rd generation living caterpillars was assessed per 25 bunches of grapeæ.
__ . NO. OF CATERPILLARS/
. _ . . .
. Standard EC 20 130 62.5 . _ _ , Example 1 EC 20 92.5 42.5 _ _ Control _ __ 227.5
lOO 2.5 .. _ ,, Example l EC 25 4 6 lOO 4.6 . ,~
Control . 36.7 (b) Vines infested with larval 10besia botr_na were sprayed with aqueous compositions of the EC's containing 20 and 30 ppm of active ingredlent. The number of 3rd generation living caterpillars was assessed per 25 bunches of grapeæ.
__ . NO. OF CATERPILLARS/
. _ . . .
. Standard EC 20 130 62.5 . _ _ , Example 1 EC 20 92.5 42.5 _ _ Control _ __ 227.5
Claims (9)
1. An insecticidal composition in the form of an emulsi-fiable concentrate consisting essentially of (a) an active ingredient of formula:- wherein R is hydrogen or cyano, and R1 is either (i) a group of formula:- where X is chlorine, or methyl, or (ii) a group of formula:- where Y and Z are both chlorine or both methyl, or Y
is hydrogen and Z is methyl or a group of formula:- where Q is bromine or chlorine; in association with (b) a liquid diluent consisting essentially of a major proportion of white oil and a minor proportion of an aromatic solvent based on alkylated benzenes; and (c) one or more anionic or non-ionic surface active agents;
the white oil constituting from about 35% to about 75%
w/v of the composition and the total of white oil and active ingredient constituting about 55% to about 85%
w/v of the composition.
is hydrogen and Z is methyl or a group of formula:- where Q is bromine or chlorine; in association with (b) a liquid diluent consisting essentially of a major proportion of white oil and a minor proportion of an aromatic solvent based on alkylated benzenes; and (c) one or more anionic or non-ionic surface active agents;
the white oil constituting from about 35% to about 75%
w/v of the composition and the total of white oil and active ingredient constituting about 55% to about 85%
w/v of the composition.
2. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the active ingredient is permethrin, cypermethrin or decamethrin.
3. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the active ingredient is phenvalerate.
4. An insecticidal composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 in which the white oil is characterised in having an unsulphonatable residue of greater than 95%.
5. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 1 in which the white oil is characterized in having a distillation range in which the 10% point is in the range 310 to 340°C, the 50% point is in the range 350 to 375°C and the 80% point is in the range 380 to 400°C.
6. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the surface active agent or agents are present in an amount within the range 5 to 20% w/v.
7. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the surface active agent or agents are present in an amount within the range 7 to 12% w/v.
8. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the aromatic solvent is present in an amount within the range 10 to 40% w/v.
9. An insecticidal composition as claimed in Claim 8 wherein the aromatic solvent is present in an amount within the range 12 to 30% w/v.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB51428/76 | 1976-12-09 | ||
GB51428/76A GB1562908A (en) | 1976-12-09 | 1976-12-09 | Insecticidal compostions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1090249A true CA1090249A (en) | 1980-11-25 |
Family
ID=10459983
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA292,638A Expired CA1090249A (en) | 1976-12-09 | 1977-12-07 | Insecticidal compositions |
Country Status (23)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPS5372822A (en) |
BE (1) | BE861368A (en) |
BR (1) | BR7708172A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1090249A (en) |
CS (1) | CS194825B2 (en) |
DD (1) | DD133889A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE2754507A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK550577A (en) |
EG (1) | EG12947A (en) |
ES (1) | ES464863A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2373231A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB1562908A (en) |
GR (1) | GR63282B (en) |
HU (1) | HU175384B (en) |
IL (1) | IL53471A0 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1143726B (en) |
NL (1) | NL7713586A (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ185797A (en) |
OA (1) | OA05816A (en) |
PH (1) | PH13582A (en) |
PL (1) | PL104152B1 (en) |
TR (1) | TR19735A (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA777138B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4195075A (en) * | 1978-09-20 | 1980-03-25 | Shell Oil Company | Method and device for controlling insects on livestock |
IT1123122B (en) * | 1979-09-12 | 1986-04-30 | Montedison Spa | INSECTICIDE LIQUID COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SYNTHETIC PYRETROIDS |
US4479968A (en) * | 1980-10-17 | 1984-10-30 | The Wellcome Foundation Ltd. | Control of ectoparasitic infestations of pigs |
DE4220161C2 (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1996-01-11 | Stefes Pflanzenschutz Gmbh | New formulations of active ingredients for plant protection and their application |
JP3855321B2 (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 2006-12-06 | 住友化学株式会社 | Agrochemical composition |
CN100435634C (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2008-11-26 | 中国农业大学 | Farm chemical emulsion preparation |
UY33443A (en) * | 2010-06-19 | 2012-01-31 | Bayer Animal Health Gmbh | PREPARATION CONTAINING ECTOPARASITICIDE FOR THE FORMATION OF SPONTANEOUS EMULSION |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2172690A (en) * | 1939-09-12 | Insecticide | ||
DE1138976B (en) * | 1959-11-24 | 1962-10-31 | Kenya Pyrethrum Board | Insecticidal mixtures |
US3410787A (en) * | 1965-12-01 | 1968-11-12 | Shell Oil Co | Agricultural spray oils |
GB1421740A (en) * | 1972-10-27 | 1976-01-21 | British Petroleum Co | Insecticidal composition |
GB1437815A (en) * | 1973-05-15 | 1976-06-03 | ||
JPS50155622A (en) * | 1974-06-10 | 1975-12-16 | ||
JPS51125739A (en) * | 1974-10-01 | 1976-11-02 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Insecticedes and tickicides comprising novel cyclopropane carboxylate esters and their preparation |
LU74397A1 (en) * | 1976-02-20 | 1977-09-12 |
-
1976
- 1976-12-09 GB GB51428/76A patent/GB1562908A/en not_active Expired
-
1977
- 1977-11-28 IL IL53471A patent/IL53471A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-11-28 NZ NZ185797A patent/NZ185797A/en unknown
- 1977-11-30 BE BE183069A patent/BE861368A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-01 ZA ZA00777138A patent/ZA777138B/en unknown
- 1977-12-02 FR FR7736313A patent/FR2373231A1/en active Granted
- 1977-12-02 GR GR54911A patent/GR63282B/en unknown
- 1977-12-05 HU HU77IE815A patent/HU175384B/en unknown
- 1977-12-06 PL PL1977202671A patent/PL104152B1/en unknown
- 1977-12-06 IT IT30482/77A patent/IT1143726B/en active
- 1977-12-06 EG EG674/77A patent/EG12947A/en active
- 1977-12-07 CA CA292,638A patent/CA1090249A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-07 ES ES464863A patent/ES464863A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-07 DE DE19772754507 patent/DE2754507A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1977-12-08 NL NL7713586A patent/NL7713586A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-12-08 TR TR19735A patent/TR19735A/en unknown
- 1977-12-08 BR BR7708172A patent/BR7708172A/en unknown
- 1977-12-08 OA OA56332A patent/OA05816A/en unknown
- 1977-12-09 JP JP14729977A patent/JPS5372822A/en active Pending
- 1977-12-09 CS CS778271A patent/CS194825B2/en unknown
- 1977-12-09 DD DD77202517A patent/DD133889A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-12-09 DK DK550577A patent/DK550577A/en unknown
- 1977-12-09 PH PH20536A patent/PH13582A/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA777138B (en) | 1979-07-25 |
EG12947A (en) | 1980-07-31 |
GR63282B (en) | 1979-10-17 |
BE861368A (en) | 1978-05-30 |
NL7713586A (en) | 1978-06-13 |
NZ185797A (en) | 1979-04-26 |
PH13582A (en) | 1980-07-16 |
DD133889A5 (en) | 1979-01-31 |
GB1562908A (en) | 1980-03-19 |
TR19735A (en) | 1979-10-25 |
DE2754507A1 (en) | 1978-06-15 |
ES464863A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 |
CS194825B2 (en) | 1979-12-31 |
FR2373231A1 (en) | 1978-07-07 |
DK550577A (en) | 1978-06-10 |
BR7708172A (en) | 1978-08-08 |
IL53471A0 (en) | 1978-01-31 |
OA05816A (en) | 1981-05-31 |
IT1143726B (en) | 1986-10-22 |
PL104152B1 (en) | 1979-08-31 |
FR2373231B1 (en) | 1981-01-09 |
HU175384B (en) | 1980-07-28 |
PL202671A1 (en) | 1978-06-19 |
JPS5372822A (en) | 1978-06-28 |
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