CA1090213A - Splinter-resistant glass - Google Patents
Splinter-resistant glassInfo
- Publication number
- CA1090213A CA1090213A CA262,220A CA262220A CA1090213A CA 1090213 A CA1090213 A CA 1090213A CA 262220 A CA262220 A CA 262220A CA 1090213 A CA1090213 A CA 1090213A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- monomer composition
- glass
- acid
- monomer
- sheet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/28—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material
- C03C17/32—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with organic material with synthetic or natural resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/308—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10018—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising only one glass sheet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A method of providing a sheet of glass with a splinter-resistant coating which comprises forming a coating on the surface by polymerising a monomer composition at a temperature of 0°C to 40°C. The monomer composition is selected to provide a polymer having a dynamic second order transition temperature of from -40°C to 40°C. The polymerisation is preferably effected under the effect of a Redox catalyst system or ultra violet light. The coated sheets of glass may be used in insulating glass units.
Description
~ Z ~ 3 The present invention relates to a method of provid-ing a sheet of glass with a splinter -resistant coating on at least one surface thereoE.
Sheets of glass have previously been rendered spli~ter-resistant by combining them with an elastic film to which the splinters of glass adhere upon breakage.
Films of this kind can be applied to the sheet of glass by means of, for example, an adhesive but this process is generally expensive. When multilayer glass sheets are required 9 a film of for example, polyvinylbutyral, may be applied to glass sheets under the effect of pressure and heat. This method is not, however, generally suitable for coating one side of a single sheet of glass, since the film cannot be pressed onto the glass pane.
Proposals have been made for the use of hardenable polymerisable mixtures, which are suitable for sticking several sheets of glass together, to form a splinter-resistant film on the sheets of glass. Although clear hardened layers can be obtained, they have proved impractical owing to their lack of optical homogeneity.
This lack of optical homogeneity can be traced to slight differences in the thickness of the film which in turn ~, ~
~OZ13 result from small local differences in the course of polymerisation. Thus,if polymerisation proceeds faster at a certain site than in the surrounding area, for example 9 as a result of small accidental irregularities, S this site tends to have a lower concentration oE poly-merisable monomer than the surrounding area. As a result of this drop in concentration, monomer may diffuse from the surrounding area into this zone so that its volume increàses and the volume of the surrounding area decreases.
~ven if the differences in thickness thus produced are only fractions ofmillimetres, they may still distort vision through the sheet of glass.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and advantageous method of providing a sheet of glass with a splinter-resistant coating.
According to the present invention we provide a method of providing a sheet of glass with a splinter-resistant coating on at least one surface thereof which comprises forming a coating on the said surface by poly-merising thereon a monomer composition at a temperature of 0 Cto 40C, the constitution of the said monomer composition being selected to pro~ide, after polymerisation, a polymer having a dynamic second order transition tem-perature of from -40Cto 40C.
From experiments which we have carried out we have surprisingly found that in the temperature range between 0 and 40 C, particularly under the effect oE a redox initiator system or with W light radiation, polymerisation proceeds so uniformLy that local differences in the rate of polymerisation do not occur or, if they do occur, they do not lead to an appreciable diffusion of the monomer and variations in thickness resulting therefrom. We have th~s obtained totally uniform, colourless sheets as clear as glass and which do not suffer from optical distortion.
The method according to the present invention provides a technically simple way of producing such materials.
In order to obtain a completely uniform layer, a very even starting temperature over the entire area of the coating within the range from 0 to 40C is desirable.
The monomers or mixtures of monomers to be poly-merised should be selected from those which yield films of a strength and elasticity suitable for t4e intended purpose. For example a mixtures of monomers which produce hard homopolymers and monomers which produce soft ~ Z ~ 3 homopolymers may be used ln a mixing ratio such that the dynamic second order transition temperature of the polymer f~rmed from the mixture is between -40 and 40 C.
However, it is also possible to use mo,nomers or mixture,s S of pol~mers which, in the absence of other ingredierlts, would form polymers with a dynamic second order transi-tion temperature above 40C, if a quantity of plasticiser is added to the monomer composition such that the result-ing polymer has a dynamic second order transition tempera-ture in the specified range. The dynamic second order transition temperature is the temperature of maximum attenuation in the torsional oscillation test according to DIN 53445 and is termed T~ x Exc~nples of monomers which produce hard homopolymers include methyl, ethyl or propyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl toluene, acrylo-nitrile and vinyl acetate, whilst examples of monomers yielding- soft homopolymers include the higher alkyl esters of methacrylic acid and the alkyl esters of acrylic acid.
Alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof are particularly advantageous for use in the present invention. In order to improve the adhesive strength of the coating on the glass~ the co-use of polar ~ 2 1 3 monomers, preferably in quantities of between 1 and 5%
by weight, is advantageous; these include in particular po]ymerisable mono- and dicarboxylic acids, such as acrylic or methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid S or itaconic acid. Monomers with hydrox~l, amino or amido ~roups also have the effect of improving adhesion, but are inferior to monomers containing carboxyl groups.
Preferably, acrylic or methacrylic acid is used.
The monomers or mixtures of monomers may be used as such or in a partially polymerised form. If desired, W
absorbers or solubl`e dyes may be added to the monomer composition.
The monomer composltion is preferably hardened by means of redox initiators which may for example be composed of peroxides and amines or heavy metal mercaptides, such as benzoyl peroxide and dimethyl-p-toluidine or tert-butyl permaleate and cadmium thioglycolic acid mercaptide.
These initiators are convenientIy mixed into the monomer composition shortly before application. If hardening is effected by UV light, photoinitiators such as e.g. benzoin, may be added to the monomer composition. It is generally advantageous to effect polymerisation under an oxygen-free protecting gas.
The coating formed upon polymerisation adheres firmly to the sheet of glass so that, upon breakage, large splinters tend to remain bonded, whilst only small splinters~ which are less likely to cause injury, fly o~f from the uncoated side.
The polymerised coating is substantially softer than the glass to which it is bonded and may therefore be prone to scratches and other damage in use. Sheets of glass produced according to the invention are therefore advanta-geously used in the preparation of multilayer insulating glass units wherein the polymerised coating on each sheet of glass is on the inside of the unit where it is pro-tected from mechanical damage. The sheets may be coated individually and then assembled to form a unit of insula-ting glass. However, it is also possible to carry out polymerisation in the interior of the insulating glass unit already assembled, provided that at least one opening is left, when it is produced for introducing the monomer composition. The two inner sid~s of a unit of insulating glass consisting of two sheets can be coated one after the other. The filling openings may be hermetically sealed after the final polymerisation step an~ after a dry gas has been introduced. 7 ~9~ 3 The following Examples illustrate the present invention.
Exam~e 1 .
3 g of tert~butylpermaleate and 2 g of cadmium thioglycolic acid mercaptide are dissolved, as redox catalysts, in 500 g of a mixture of me-thyl methacrylate, dibutyl phthalate and some acrylic acid. The clear solution is poured onto a horizontal sheet of glass (approx. 0.25 m ). The edge of the sheet of glass is bounded by a relatively thick beading of silicon rubber. Hàrdening takes place at room tempera-ture over about 8 hours under a protecting gas. After ha~dening, the finished sheet can be used to form an insulating glass unit with the polymerised coating on the inside.
Example 2
Sheets of glass have previously been rendered spli~ter-resistant by combining them with an elastic film to which the splinters of glass adhere upon breakage.
Films of this kind can be applied to the sheet of glass by means of, for example, an adhesive but this process is generally expensive. When multilayer glass sheets are required 9 a film of for example, polyvinylbutyral, may be applied to glass sheets under the effect of pressure and heat. This method is not, however, generally suitable for coating one side of a single sheet of glass, since the film cannot be pressed onto the glass pane.
Proposals have been made for the use of hardenable polymerisable mixtures, which are suitable for sticking several sheets of glass together, to form a splinter-resistant film on the sheets of glass. Although clear hardened layers can be obtained, they have proved impractical owing to their lack of optical homogeneity.
This lack of optical homogeneity can be traced to slight differences in the thickness of the film which in turn ~, ~
~OZ13 result from small local differences in the course of polymerisation. Thus,if polymerisation proceeds faster at a certain site than in the surrounding area, for example 9 as a result of small accidental irregularities, S this site tends to have a lower concentration oE poly-merisable monomer than the surrounding area. As a result of this drop in concentration, monomer may diffuse from the surrounding area into this zone so that its volume increàses and the volume of the surrounding area decreases.
~ven if the differences in thickness thus produced are only fractions ofmillimetres, they may still distort vision through the sheet of glass.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and advantageous method of providing a sheet of glass with a splinter-resistant coating.
According to the present invention we provide a method of providing a sheet of glass with a splinter-resistant coating on at least one surface thereof which comprises forming a coating on the said surface by poly-merising thereon a monomer composition at a temperature of 0 Cto 40C, the constitution of the said monomer composition being selected to pro~ide, after polymerisation, a polymer having a dynamic second order transition tem-perature of from -40Cto 40C.
From experiments which we have carried out we have surprisingly found that in the temperature range between 0 and 40 C, particularly under the effect oE a redox initiator system or with W light radiation, polymerisation proceeds so uniformLy that local differences in the rate of polymerisation do not occur or, if they do occur, they do not lead to an appreciable diffusion of the monomer and variations in thickness resulting therefrom. We have th~s obtained totally uniform, colourless sheets as clear as glass and which do not suffer from optical distortion.
The method according to the present invention provides a technically simple way of producing such materials.
In order to obtain a completely uniform layer, a very even starting temperature over the entire area of the coating within the range from 0 to 40C is desirable.
The monomers or mixtures of monomers to be poly-merised should be selected from those which yield films of a strength and elasticity suitable for t4e intended purpose. For example a mixtures of monomers which produce hard homopolymers and monomers which produce soft ~ Z ~ 3 homopolymers may be used ln a mixing ratio such that the dynamic second order transition temperature of the polymer f~rmed from the mixture is between -40 and 40 C.
However, it is also possible to use mo,nomers or mixture,s S of pol~mers which, in the absence of other ingredierlts, would form polymers with a dynamic second order transi-tion temperature above 40C, if a quantity of plasticiser is added to the monomer composition such that the result-ing polymer has a dynamic second order transition tempera-ture in the specified range. The dynamic second order transition temperature is the temperature of maximum attenuation in the torsional oscillation test according to DIN 53445 and is termed T~ x Exc~nples of monomers which produce hard homopolymers include methyl, ethyl or propyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl toluene, acrylo-nitrile and vinyl acetate, whilst examples of monomers yielding- soft homopolymers include the higher alkyl esters of methacrylic acid and the alkyl esters of acrylic acid.
Alkyl esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid or mixtures thereof are particularly advantageous for use in the present invention. In order to improve the adhesive strength of the coating on the glass~ the co-use of polar ~ 2 1 3 monomers, preferably in quantities of between 1 and 5%
by weight, is advantageous; these include in particular po]ymerisable mono- and dicarboxylic acids, such as acrylic or methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid S or itaconic acid. Monomers with hydrox~l, amino or amido ~roups also have the effect of improving adhesion, but are inferior to monomers containing carboxyl groups.
Preferably, acrylic or methacrylic acid is used.
The monomers or mixtures of monomers may be used as such or in a partially polymerised form. If desired, W
absorbers or solubl`e dyes may be added to the monomer composition.
The monomer composltion is preferably hardened by means of redox initiators which may for example be composed of peroxides and amines or heavy metal mercaptides, such as benzoyl peroxide and dimethyl-p-toluidine or tert-butyl permaleate and cadmium thioglycolic acid mercaptide.
These initiators are convenientIy mixed into the monomer composition shortly before application. If hardening is effected by UV light, photoinitiators such as e.g. benzoin, may be added to the monomer composition. It is generally advantageous to effect polymerisation under an oxygen-free protecting gas.
The coating formed upon polymerisation adheres firmly to the sheet of glass so that, upon breakage, large splinters tend to remain bonded, whilst only small splinters~ which are less likely to cause injury, fly o~f from the uncoated side.
The polymerised coating is substantially softer than the glass to which it is bonded and may therefore be prone to scratches and other damage in use. Sheets of glass produced according to the invention are therefore advanta-geously used in the preparation of multilayer insulating glass units wherein the polymerised coating on each sheet of glass is on the inside of the unit where it is pro-tected from mechanical damage. The sheets may be coated individually and then assembled to form a unit of insula-ting glass. However, it is also possible to carry out polymerisation in the interior of the insulating glass unit already assembled, provided that at least one opening is left, when it is produced for introducing the monomer composition. The two inner sid~s of a unit of insulating glass consisting of two sheets can be coated one after the other. The filling openings may be hermetically sealed after the final polymerisation step an~ after a dry gas has been introduced. 7 ~9~ 3 The following Examples illustrate the present invention.
Exam~e 1 .
3 g of tert~butylpermaleate and 2 g of cadmium thioglycolic acid mercaptide are dissolved, as redox catalysts, in 500 g of a mixture of me-thyl methacrylate, dibutyl phthalate and some acrylic acid. The clear solution is poured onto a horizontal sheet of glass (approx. 0.25 m ). The edge of the sheet of glass is bounded by a relatively thick beading of silicon rubber. Hàrdening takes place at room tempera-ture over about 8 hours under a protecting gas. After ha~dening, the finished sheet can be used to form an insulating glass unit with the polymerised coating on the inside.
Example 2
2.~ g of benzoin butyl ether are dissolved in 500g of the mixture specified in Example 1. The solution is poured onto a flat sheet of glass as in Example 1. Hardening is carried out by irradiation for 4 hours with a fluorescent lamp, of the type used for blueprints, under protective gas. At the same tLme, the film temperature is not allowed to rise above 35 C. A clear, colourless, soft elàstic film i~ obtained. ~ 8 -le~(~2~3 Example 3 and 4 Examples 1 and 2 are repeated except that a monomer mixture of 5 parts of methyl methacrylate, 20 parts of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 30 parts of butyl acrylate and 5 parts of acrylic acid is used.
Exam~le 5 Example 1 is repeated except that a commercial insulating glass unit is coated on one or both of its interior surfaces.
Subsequently, dried air is introduced into the inner space and the filling openings are sealed.
Exam~le 5 Example 1 is repeated except that a commercial insulating glass unit is coated on one or both of its interior surfaces.
Subsequently, dried air is introduced into the inner space and the filling openings are sealed.
Claims (13)
1. A method of providing a sheet of glass with a splinter-resistant coating on at least one surface thereof which comprises forming a coating on the said surface by polymerising thereon a monomer composition at a temperature of 0°% to 40°C, the constitution of the said monomer composition being selected to provide, after polymerisation, a polymer having a dynamic second order transition temperature of from -40°C to 40°C.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein polymerisation is carried out under the effect of a Redox catalyst system or ultra-violet light.
3. A method according to claim 2 wherein the said Redox catalyst system comprises a peroxide and either an amine or a heavy metal mercaptide.
4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the said Redox catalyst system comprises either benzoyl peroxide and dimethyl-p-toluidine or tert-butyl permaleate and cadmium thioglycolic acid mercaptide.
5. A method according to claim 2 wherein polymerisation is carried out under the effect of ultra-violet light, the said monomer composition containing a photo-initiator.
6. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the said monomer composition comprises at least one monomer selected from methyl, ethyl and propyl methacrylate, styrene, vinyl-toluene, acrylonitrile and vinyl acetate.
7. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the said monomer composition comprises at least one monomer selected from the higher alkyl esters of metha-crylic acid and the alkyl esters of acrylic acid.
8. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the said momomer composition contains at least one polar monomer.
9. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the said monomer composition contains at least one poly-merisable mono- or di-carboxylic acid.
10. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the said monomer composition contains at least one polar monomer selected from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid.
11. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the said monomer composition contains at least one polar monomer in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight.
12. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the said sheet of glass forms part of an insulating glass unit.
13. A method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein the said sheet of glass forms part of an insulating glass unit and the coating is applied on the surface of the sheet of glass located inside the said unit.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19752545291 DE2545291A1 (en) | 1975-10-09 | 1975-10-09 | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING CHIP-PROOF GLASS PANELS |
| DEP2545291.9 | 1975-10-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1090213A true CA1090213A (en) | 1980-11-25 |
Family
ID=5958767
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA262,220A Expired CA1090213A (en) | 1975-10-09 | 1976-09-28 | Splinter-resistant glass |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1090213A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2545291A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2327208A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE549491A (en) * | 1955-07-13 | |||
| GB891566A (en) * | 1961-04-07 | 1962-03-14 | Grace W R & Co | Improvements in the polymerisation of vinyl compounds |
-
1975
- 1975-10-09 DE DE19752545291 patent/DE2545291A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1976
- 1976-08-02 FR FR7623537A patent/FR2327208A1/en active Pending
- 1976-09-28 CA CA262,220A patent/CA1090213A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2327208A1 (en) | 1977-05-06 |
| DE2545291A1 (en) | 1977-04-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |