CA1089769A - Apparatus for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines - Google Patents
Apparatus for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion enginesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1089769A CA1089769A CA293,273A CA293273A CA1089769A CA 1089769 A CA1089769 A CA 1089769A CA 293273 A CA293273 A CA 293273A CA 1089769 A CA1089769 A CA 1089769A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- housing
- catalyst body
- insert
- catalyst
- facing end
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
- F01N3/2867—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing the mats or gaskets being placed at the front or end face of catalyst body
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A monolithic catalyst exhaust housing by providing an insert, consisting of a mesh or texture or some other com-bination of loops made of metal wire, between the circumference of the catalyst body and the housing, and extending over the end of the catalyst body to form a ring to absorb axial shocks.
The housing is further characterized in that the vertical distance of the front edge (leading edge) of the catalyst body from the housing wall is smaller than the thickness of the insert in the area between the peripheral surface of the body of the catalyst and the housing. In addition, the insert is folded at both terminal edges, that is, the insert is doubled against itself in the area between each facing end of the catalyst body and the housing.
A monolithic catalyst exhaust housing by providing an insert, consisting of a mesh or texture or some other com-bination of loops made of metal wire, between the circumference of the catalyst body and the housing, and extending over the end of the catalyst body to form a ring to absorb axial shocks.
The housing is further characterized in that the vertical distance of the front edge (leading edge) of the catalyst body from the housing wall is smaller than the thickness of the insert in the area between the peripheral surface of the body of the catalyst and the housing. In addition, the insert is folded at both terminal edges, that is, the insert is doubled against itself in the area between each facing end of the catalyst body and the housing.
Description
1(~8~769 The present invention relates to a housing for a monolithic automobile exhaust catalyst.
A monolithic catalyst comprises a fragile ceramic catalyst body having a plurality of openings extending axially through it, and a coating of a precious metal catalyst on the walls around those openings. One kind of housing for such bodies is disclosed in German Patent 2,213,539. In that kind of housing, there is a layer of mineral fibers between the body of the catalyst and the housing, which envelops the body of the catalyst. Parts of the layer of mineral fibers are in the shape of rings which are positioned between the facing ends of the catalyst and the housing. Therefore, shocks transverse to the direction of flow, and also shocks in the direction of flow may be absorbed by the layer of mineral fibers. In addition, the space between the catalyst body and the housing is sealed. The layer of mineral fibers is compressed only radially in the area of the periphery ' of the catalyst body and only axially in the areas between the facing ends of the catalyst body and the housing. Because of the limited elasticity of the fiber material layer, it cannot cope with greater strains of shock, it may develop a permanent compression and thus result in a loosening of the support of the catalyst body.
Another mechanism is disclosed in German Patent 1,467,507.
in which the catalyst body is mounted in the housing by an elastic, corrugated part made of a wire mesh, which surrounds its peripheral surface. The wire mesh is positioned only to ` absorb shocks in a radial direction. Fixed metal rings are positioned to hold the catalyst against axial movement, i.e., without resilience.
The object of the present invention is to improve the first mentioned known mechanism in regard to its useful life and shock resistance, and to obtain for axial shocks the damping . ~
:
' ~ ,, :
characteristics which are achieved in regard to radial shocks in the devices of the second mentioned known mechanism.
Briefly, the present invention accomplishes these objectives by providing an insert. consisting of a mesh or texture or some other combination of loops made of metal wire, - between the circumference of the catalyst body and the housing, and extending over the end of the catalyst body to form a ring to absorb axial shocks. The housing is further characterized in that the vertical distance of the front edge (leading edge) ;
of the catalyst body from the housing wall is smaller than the ~;~ thickness of the insert in the area between the peripheral surface of the body of the catalyst and the housing. In ;~.~ ., .
's addition, the insert is folded at both terminal edges, that is, the insert is doubled against itself in the area between each -facing end of the catalyst body and the housing 1.
,4.~ By the doubling up of the terminal edges of the insert, . ;. :
~' a particularly high degree of sealing of the insert around the front edge of the body of the catalyst is achieved. At the ;~r'" " .
same time, this results in durably firm seating of the catalyst body, whereby the front edges at both ends of the catalyst body are safely supported, so that they cannot fracture.
i~ Hitherto, a prejudice has existed among experts , ..................................................................... .
`,; against direct support of the front edge of the catalyst body ~-~ by an insert made of metal wire. Experiments with such an insert drawn, without constriction, over the front edge of the .. :
~ catalyst body have confirmed this concern. ~owever, it has -', been found, contrary to the expectations of the experts, that ~, a useful life of the catalyst body, sufficient for present :
f''. requirements, can be achieved according to the present invention.
..;: .
This is accomplished because of the sealing of the insert in .... .
; the area of the front edges, i.e., because of the localized compression of the front of the insert by the edge of the
A monolithic catalyst comprises a fragile ceramic catalyst body having a plurality of openings extending axially through it, and a coating of a precious metal catalyst on the walls around those openings. One kind of housing for such bodies is disclosed in German Patent 2,213,539. In that kind of housing, there is a layer of mineral fibers between the body of the catalyst and the housing, which envelops the body of the catalyst. Parts of the layer of mineral fibers are in the shape of rings which are positioned between the facing ends of the catalyst and the housing. Therefore, shocks transverse to the direction of flow, and also shocks in the direction of flow may be absorbed by the layer of mineral fibers. In addition, the space between the catalyst body and the housing is sealed. The layer of mineral fibers is compressed only radially in the area of the periphery ' of the catalyst body and only axially in the areas between the facing ends of the catalyst body and the housing. Because of the limited elasticity of the fiber material layer, it cannot cope with greater strains of shock, it may develop a permanent compression and thus result in a loosening of the support of the catalyst body.
Another mechanism is disclosed in German Patent 1,467,507.
in which the catalyst body is mounted in the housing by an elastic, corrugated part made of a wire mesh, which surrounds its peripheral surface. The wire mesh is positioned only to ` absorb shocks in a radial direction. Fixed metal rings are positioned to hold the catalyst against axial movement, i.e., without resilience.
The object of the present invention is to improve the first mentioned known mechanism in regard to its useful life and shock resistance, and to obtain for axial shocks the damping . ~
:
' ~ ,, :
characteristics which are achieved in regard to radial shocks in the devices of the second mentioned known mechanism.
Briefly, the present invention accomplishes these objectives by providing an insert. consisting of a mesh or texture or some other combination of loops made of metal wire, - between the circumference of the catalyst body and the housing, and extending over the end of the catalyst body to form a ring to absorb axial shocks. The housing is further characterized in that the vertical distance of the front edge (leading edge) ;
of the catalyst body from the housing wall is smaller than the ~;~ thickness of the insert in the area between the peripheral surface of the body of the catalyst and the housing. In ;~.~ ., .
's addition, the insert is folded at both terminal edges, that is, the insert is doubled against itself in the area between each -facing end of the catalyst body and the housing 1.
,4.~ By the doubling up of the terminal edges of the insert, . ;. :
~' a particularly high degree of sealing of the insert around the front edge of the body of the catalyst is achieved. At the ;~r'" " .
same time, this results in durably firm seating of the catalyst body, whereby the front edges at both ends of the catalyst body are safely supported, so that they cannot fracture.
i~ Hitherto, a prejudice has existed among experts , ..................................................................... .
`,; against direct support of the front edge of the catalyst body ~-~ by an insert made of metal wire. Experiments with such an insert drawn, without constriction, over the front edge of the .. :
~ catalyst body have confirmed this concern. ~owever, it has -', been found, contrary to the expectations of the experts, that ~, a useful life of the catalyst body, sufficient for present :
f''. requirements, can be achieved according to the present invention.
..;: .
This is accomplished because of the sealing of the insert in .... .
; the area of the front edges, i.e., because of the localized compression of the front of the insert by the edge of the
- 2 - -~:, ....
.,; . .
',' i` ' ' ' - ' ' .' . - ' . ' ` ' 1~8~7~3 . .
catalyst body. As a result of the fact that the front edge is subjected to simultaneous radial and axial compression, which eliminates free play, cracking of the catalyst body in the area of its edges may largely be avoided. This state may be maintained for a very long time without any loosening of the seating of the catalyst body occurring thereby. As a .: .
result of the strong compression of the insert in the area of the front edges, the mounting compensates for the slowly - continuing rounding of the front edge of the body of the catalyst by a corresponding relaxation of the initial stress created by - the pressing of the front edge of the catalyst body into the insert. The firm seating of the catalyst body thereby is ' maintained constantly, which prevents premature crumbling of ,,,;
~i its edges.
In accordance with a further feature of the present ,:
:. :, ~ invention, the embedding of the catalyst body in the insert . ~
,. ..
compacts the insert, in the area of the front edge of the - catalyst body, to cause a biaxial state of stress. At the same time it is irrelevant whether the housing is round in the area of the front edge of the catalyst body or is conical, the incEeased compression of the insert between the front edge of the catalyst body and the housing controlling the stresses.
An additional advantage of this state of stress may be achieved, according to another feature of the invention, by supporting the front end of the insert radially inwardly by a fixed support. The support preferably is a ring attached to the inside of the housing.
The insert itself may be constructed in one piece, i.e., it may envelop the catalyst body over its entire peripheral - 30 surface, inclusive of the areas of both front edges. However, it is within the scope of the invention, to divide the insert into individual rings, whereby the invention would merely
.,; . .
',' i` ' ' ' - ' ' .' . - ' . ' ` ' 1~8~7~3 . .
catalyst body. As a result of the fact that the front edge is subjected to simultaneous radial and axial compression, which eliminates free play, cracking of the catalyst body in the area of its edges may largely be avoided. This state may be maintained for a very long time without any loosening of the seating of the catalyst body occurring thereby. As a .: .
result of the strong compression of the insert in the area of the front edges, the mounting compensates for the slowly - continuing rounding of the front edge of the body of the catalyst by a corresponding relaxation of the initial stress created by - the pressing of the front edge of the catalyst body into the insert. The firm seating of the catalyst body thereby is ' maintained constantly, which prevents premature crumbling of ,,,;
~i its edges.
In accordance with a further feature of the present ,:
:. :, ~ invention, the embedding of the catalyst body in the insert . ~
,. ..
compacts the insert, in the area of the front edge of the - catalyst body, to cause a biaxial state of stress. At the same time it is irrelevant whether the housing is round in the area of the front edge of the catalyst body or is conical, the incEeased compression of the insert between the front edge of the catalyst body and the housing controlling the stresses.
An additional advantage of this state of stress may be achieved, according to another feature of the invention, by supporting the front end of the insert radially inwardly by a fixed support. The support preferably is a ring attached to the inside of the housing.
The insert itself may be constructed in one piece, i.e., it may envelop the catalyst body over its entire peripheral - 30 surface, inclusive of the areas of both front edges. However, it is within the scope of the invention, to divide the insert into individual rings, whereby the invention would merely
- 3 ;
''', .
:
:
~897S~3 provide rings which envelop the front edges of the body of the ; catalyst, i.e., which follow partly along the peripheral surface and partly between the facing end of the catalyst body of the ` catalyst and the housing, i.e., on both sides of the front edge.
The mounting of the catalyst body is facilitated by the use of a housing bisected along a plane parallel to the direction of flow. However, the use of a cylindrical housing is also possible within the scope of the invention. In this latter construction, at least one front side wall of the terminal chamber is connected with the housing under axial pressure only after the insertion of the body of the catalyst -into said housing.
, The apparatus according to the invention will be ,i understood further from the following description, in which reference will be made to the drawings in which: -FIGURE 1 shows a cross-section through one-half ; of the housing and the catalyst body, the mirror-image second half of the unit being . :-omitted FIGURE 2 shows the geometry of the annular gap between the catalyst body and the housing, FIGURES 3 and 4 are enlarged cross-sections of portions of the unit showing details of the ,, .
, corner structure.
The sectional view of FIGURE 1 illustrates two :.
embodiments. The upper half, more fully illustrated in FIGURE 3, does not include a support attached to the housing, whereas the lower half, more fully illustrated in FIGURE A, provides .. ..
a support member attached to the housing which abuts the insert adjacent to the facing end of the catalyst body. In FIGURE 1, :, the housing is indicated by 1, the insert by 2, the catalyst body ~ by 3 and a support member attached to the housing by 4. The '; flow of exhaust gas through the catalyst body takes place along , - 4 -'' .
97~
. :
~; .
~- the direction indicated by arrows in FIGURE 1. The catalyst body may be circular orelliptical cross-section and the housing ` has the same shape. There is a clearance between the periphery of the catalyst body and the housing which is of substantially :,.
uniform dimension, along the length of the catalyst body, except in the regions of the corners as described below.
The raw material of the housing 1 preferably consists of a nickel-chrome-alloyed steel with ferritic or austenitic texture which is heat or scale resistant up to 1150C.
.
The body of the catalyst consists e.g. of the fire-. " .
,~ resistant, ceramic material such as magnesium silicate, aluminum ~- oxide or similar materials.
The wire used ~or the production of the insert consists i~';
.` preferably of a steel alloy with chromium, aluminium and/or ,~ cobalt.
The detailed illustrations in FIGURES 3 and 4 clearly show the grooving in of the front edge 5 of the catalyst body 3 into the area of the front edge of the insert 2.
According to FIGURE 4, the end of the insert 2 adjacent :-~,' .
the end of the catalyst body is supported radially by a ring 4 which extends around the inside of the housing, and which is .
; .:. .
~ connected with the housing wall at 7 by spot welding.
", As seen in FIGURE 3, the terminal edge of the insert 2 ;,,.
- is bent back to the outside. The bent back end 8 of the insert ~ extends partly in an axial direction along the periphery of the , s~
catalyst body so that unintended slipping of the end of the - insert of the outside is prevented, even without attachment of - a supporting ring 4 as shown in FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 2 shows the geometric relationships of the parts of the housing in relationship to the catalyst body.
The dimension ~'a" is less than the dimension "b" so that the catalyst body compresses the insert 2 locally, forming a gronve.
~.............. .
' ;
. ............. .
.~ - ' .
:
, :
The dimension "al' is obtained by measuring the vertical (radial) ~i~; distance between the front edge 5 of the catalyst body and the nearest place on the wall of housing 1.
A typical dimension "b" is about 4,5 mm and a typical dimension "a" is 3,5 mm. The dimension "a" should be at most ;;; 80 % of the dimension "b". This reduction of the clearance , . . .
~; between the housing and the catalyst body causes a localized compression of the insert 1 in the vicinity of the corner of the catalyst body. At the same time, the insert is compressed to a lesser extent in the axial direction between the facing end of the catalyst body and the housing and also in a radial direction between the periphery of the catalyst body and the housing. As a result of this compression, the insert is subject to biaxial tension at the corner of the catalyst body.
;~.. ', ~ . .
'' ~'' ,.
~: .
~,; ",. ::~.
~5 ~ ~:
*~
....
~,;,. .
''', .
:
:
~897S~3 provide rings which envelop the front edges of the body of the ; catalyst, i.e., which follow partly along the peripheral surface and partly between the facing end of the catalyst body of the ` catalyst and the housing, i.e., on both sides of the front edge.
The mounting of the catalyst body is facilitated by the use of a housing bisected along a plane parallel to the direction of flow. However, the use of a cylindrical housing is also possible within the scope of the invention. In this latter construction, at least one front side wall of the terminal chamber is connected with the housing under axial pressure only after the insertion of the body of the catalyst -into said housing.
, The apparatus according to the invention will be ,i understood further from the following description, in which reference will be made to the drawings in which: -FIGURE 1 shows a cross-section through one-half ; of the housing and the catalyst body, the mirror-image second half of the unit being . :-omitted FIGURE 2 shows the geometry of the annular gap between the catalyst body and the housing, FIGURES 3 and 4 are enlarged cross-sections of portions of the unit showing details of the ,, .
, corner structure.
The sectional view of FIGURE 1 illustrates two :.
embodiments. The upper half, more fully illustrated in FIGURE 3, does not include a support attached to the housing, whereas the lower half, more fully illustrated in FIGURE A, provides .. ..
a support member attached to the housing which abuts the insert adjacent to the facing end of the catalyst body. In FIGURE 1, :, the housing is indicated by 1, the insert by 2, the catalyst body ~ by 3 and a support member attached to the housing by 4. The '; flow of exhaust gas through the catalyst body takes place along , - 4 -'' .
97~
. :
~; .
~- the direction indicated by arrows in FIGURE 1. The catalyst body may be circular orelliptical cross-section and the housing ` has the same shape. There is a clearance between the periphery of the catalyst body and the housing which is of substantially :,.
uniform dimension, along the length of the catalyst body, except in the regions of the corners as described below.
The raw material of the housing 1 preferably consists of a nickel-chrome-alloyed steel with ferritic or austenitic texture which is heat or scale resistant up to 1150C.
.
The body of the catalyst consists e.g. of the fire-. " .
,~ resistant, ceramic material such as magnesium silicate, aluminum ~- oxide or similar materials.
The wire used ~or the production of the insert consists i~';
.` preferably of a steel alloy with chromium, aluminium and/or ,~ cobalt.
The detailed illustrations in FIGURES 3 and 4 clearly show the grooving in of the front edge 5 of the catalyst body 3 into the area of the front edge of the insert 2.
According to FIGURE 4, the end of the insert 2 adjacent :-~,' .
the end of the catalyst body is supported radially by a ring 4 which extends around the inside of the housing, and which is .
; .:. .
~ connected with the housing wall at 7 by spot welding.
", As seen in FIGURE 3, the terminal edge of the insert 2 ;,,.
- is bent back to the outside. The bent back end 8 of the insert ~ extends partly in an axial direction along the periphery of the , s~
catalyst body so that unintended slipping of the end of the - insert of the outside is prevented, even without attachment of - a supporting ring 4 as shown in FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 2 shows the geometric relationships of the parts of the housing in relationship to the catalyst body.
The dimension ~'a" is less than the dimension "b" so that the catalyst body compresses the insert 2 locally, forming a gronve.
~.............. .
' ;
. ............. .
.~ - ' .
:
, :
The dimension "al' is obtained by measuring the vertical (radial) ~i~; distance between the front edge 5 of the catalyst body and the nearest place on the wall of housing 1.
A typical dimension "b" is about 4,5 mm and a typical dimension "a" is 3,5 mm. The dimension "a" should be at most ;;; 80 % of the dimension "b". This reduction of the clearance , . . .
~; between the housing and the catalyst body causes a localized compression of the insert 1 in the vicinity of the corner of the catalyst body. At the same time, the insert is compressed to a lesser extent in the axial direction between the facing end of the catalyst body and the housing and also in a radial direction between the periphery of the catalyst body and the housing. As a result of this compression, the insert is subject to biaxial tension at the corner of the catalyst body.
;~.. ', ~ . .
'' ~'' ,.
~: .
~,; ",. ::~.
~5 ~ ~:
*~
....
~,;,. .
Claims (6)
1. In a catalyst for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine which comprises a monolithic catalyst body, through which gas flows transversely to its facing ends, a metallic housing enclosing said catalyst body, which includes a portion which extends in front of a facing end of the catalyst body, and an elastically resilient insert supporting said catalyst body in said housing, at least in the area of each of the facing ends of the catalyst body, the insert being positioned annularly around and overlapping at least one facing end of the catalyst body, the improvement wherein the insert consists of a mesh or texture or some other combination of loops of metal wire, and the distance between the front edge of the catalyst body and the wall of the housing adjacent said at least one facing end is smaller than the distance between the peripheral surface of the catalyst body and the housing, the insert being bent back at the terminal ends adjacent said at least one facing end so as to be doubled up in the area between said at least one facing end of the catalyst body and the housing.
2. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said insert is compacted in the area of said front edge while in a state of biaxial stress.
3. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 including a supporting member which supports said insert in a radial direction, in the area between said one facing end and said housing.
4. Apparatus as set forth in claim 3, in which the supporting member is a ring attached to the inside of the housing.
5. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which the terminal edge of said insert is bent back outwardly from said at least one facing end.
6. Apparatus as set forth in claim 1 in which said insert is constructed in one piece which envelops the body of the catalyst over its entire peripheral surface and which overlaps both facing ends of the catalyst body.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2657522 | 1976-12-18 | ||
| DEP2657522.4 | 1976-12-18 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1089769A true CA1089769A (en) | 1980-11-18 |
Family
ID=5995905
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA293,273A Expired CA1089769A (en) | 1976-12-18 | 1977-12-16 | Apparatus for the catalytic purification of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1089769A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES463627A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1091257B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7710455L (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4629605A (en) * | 1979-09-01 | 1986-12-16 | Zeuna-Staerker Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for catalytically purifying exhaust gases for a combustion engine |
| US4958491A (en) * | 1987-03-28 | 1990-09-25 | J. Eberspacher | Arrangement for holding a catalyst in a housing in an exhaust system of a liquid fuel-operated motor |
-
1977
- 1977-09-19 SE SE7710455A patent/SE7710455L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-10-03 IT IT6917877A patent/IT1091257B/en active
- 1977-10-27 ES ES463627A patent/ES463627A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-12-16 CA CA293,273A patent/CA1089769A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4629605A (en) * | 1979-09-01 | 1986-12-16 | Zeuna-Staerker Gmbh & Co. Kg | Device for catalytically purifying exhaust gases for a combustion engine |
| US4958491A (en) * | 1987-03-28 | 1990-09-25 | J. Eberspacher | Arrangement for holding a catalyst in a housing in an exhaust system of a liquid fuel-operated motor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7710455L (en) | 1978-06-19 |
| IT1091257B (en) | 1985-07-06 |
| ES463627A1 (en) | 1978-09-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |