CA1088781A - Belt drive including toothed belts and toothed pulleys of improved tooth configurations - Google Patents
Belt drive including toothed belts and toothed pulleys of improved tooth configurationsInfo
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- CA1088781A CA1088781A CA340,961A CA340961A CA1088781A CA 1088781 A CA1088781 A CA 1088781A CA 340961 A CA340961 A CA 340961A CA 1088781 A CA1088781 A CA 1088781A
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- pulley
- tooth
- belt
- teeth
- outer perimeter
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Abstract
BELT DRIVE INCLUDING TOOTHED BELTS AND TOOTHED PULLEYS
OF IMPROVED TOOTH CONFIGURATIONS
Abstract of the Disclosure A toothed pulley for use with a toothed power transmission belt has a plurality of uniformly spaced radially projecting teeth. Each tooth when viewed in planes perpendicular to the rotational axis of the pulley has a base portion, an outermost portion spaced from the base portion and opposite side portions extending from the ends of the base portion joining the ends of the outermost portion to thereby define the pulley tooth profile. The outermost portion has an arcuate outer perimeter formed by the arcs of two circles of equal radius whose center points lie within the tooth an equal distance from the radial center line of the tooth. One of the arcuate perimeters is within 40-60%
of one half of the total outer perimeter of the tooth.
OF IMPROVED TOOTH CONFIGURATIONS
Abstract of the Disclosure A toothed pulley for use with a toothed power transmission belt has a plurality of uniformly spaced radially projecting teeth. Each tooth when viewed in planes perpendicular to the rotational axis of the pulley has a base portion, an outermost portion spaced from the base portion and opposite side portions extending from the ends of the base portion joining the ends of the outermost portion to thereby define the pulley tooth profile. The outermost portion has an arcuate outer perimeter formed by the arcs of two circles of equal radius whose center points lie within the tooth an equal distance from the radial center line of the tooth. One of the arcuate perimeters is within 40-60%
of one half of the total outer perimeter of the tooth.
Description
1088~81 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to belt drives in which toothed power transmission belts operate in conjunction with tooth gears or pulleys and to belts and pulleys adapted for use in such drives. More particularly this invention relates to a power transmission belt of the positive drive type having an improved belt tooth profile for increased shear resistance. This invention also relates to a novel pulley for use with such a belt~ for example~ in a synchronous or positive drive system in which the positive drive transmission belt operates in conjunction with a pair of such toothed pulleys.
Power transmission belts used with toothed pulleys are well-known in the art. These belts have a plurality of alternating teeth and grooves extending generally transversely of the belt which mesh with alternating teeth and grooves of the toothed pulley or sprocket in order to perform their` driving function.
The most widely used of these toothed belts are the so-called synchronous or positive drive belts which are manufactured from flexible resilient material such as natural or synthetic rubber. These belts are engineered and manufactured with pitch~ tooth depth~ width and other measurements accurate to a precise degree with extremely close tolerances being maintained. In addition~ a high strength tensile stress-resisting member of essentially inextensible material is provided substantially on the dedendum line of the teeth to prevent undue stretch- -ability of the belt. This belt construction allows the ~088781 flexible, resilient belt teeth to mesh without substantial change of pitch with teeth of the toothed pulleys with the belt thereby functioning as a synchronizing belt.
Typically the belt driving teeth of the positive drive belt have been of a rectilinear cross sectional configuration and most commonly have been of a trape-zoidal configuration when viewed in longitudinal cross section. The spacing or width of the grooves between the belt teeth originally was designed so as to be greater than the width of the root or base of the belt tooth. However, problems were encountered with belt failure due to shearing of the belt teeth resulting from the concentration of stresses in the belt. Con-sequently, many efforts were made to modify the existing belt tooth profile in order to solve the tooth shear problem. For example, in order to achieve a more satis-factory distribution of the load or stress on the belt, the number of belt teeth for a given length of belt ha~ been increased. In addition, a larger size of individual belt tooth has been manufactured to provide a greater resistance to tooth shear. These approaches naturally have decreased the space between belt teeth so that the width of the root or base of the belt tooth is equal to or greater than the space between the teeth.
More recently various changes in the contour or coLfiguration of the belt tooth have been made together with the approaches discussed above. For example, Miller United States Patent No. 3,756,091 discloses a positive drive systemin which the belt includes relatively closely spaced together driving teeth of a special curvilinear cross sectional configuration which is operated in con-junction with pulley teeth having mating substantially conjugate curvilinear cross sections.
The belt modifications as discussed previously which were implemented to counter the belt tooth shear problem have created other problems due to the relative spacing of the belt teeth. For example, the tensile member of the positive drive belts in the heretofore existing systems have not been adequately supported by the teeth of the belt and therefore have been sub~ected to excessive stress in the area between teeth during the operation of the drive. This problem has been particularly acute in drives wherein the base or root of the belt tooth as measured substantially on the dedendum line of the tooth is greater than the space between the tooth as measured on this same line. In this instance the pulley teeth which contact the spaces betweèn the belt teeth have a relatively small apex and the condition resulting may be likened to the belt passing over knife blades.
Additionally~ excessive vibration and undesirable noise also have been encountered.
Conventionally in the prior art the d~mensional relationship of the belt teeth and grooves and the pulley teeth and grooves has been such that in the longitudinal 108878~
extent of the belt between the pulleys the height of the belt teeth ~equal to or less than the depth of the pulley grooves. Consequently, as the belt travels around the pulleys either a line to line contact is established between the extreme outwardly facing portions of the belt teeth which confront the pulley and the portions of the pulley disposed between the pulley teeth which define the bottom of the pulley grooves or there is a clearance between these stated portions of the belt teeth and pulley grooves.
Problems have been encountered in conventional positive drive systems with the existing dimensional relationships between the belt and the pulley teeth or grooves as discussed above. A solution to this problem involves a belt drive including belts and ~ulleys wherein the dimensional relationship between the belt teeth and the pulley teeth is such that in the longitudinal extent of the belt between the pulleys the height of the belt tooth is greater than the height of the pulley teeth or depth of the pulley grooves while as the belt travels around the pulleys the extreme outwardly facing portions or outer extremities of the belt teeth contact the bottom of the pulley grooves. At the same time the belt teeth are compressed to reduce their height so that the extreme -radially outwardly facing portions or outer extremities of the pulley teeth come in contact with the bottoms of the belt grooves. The height of the .
1()~8~
pulley teeth provides more support for the tensile member of the positive drive belt thereby reducing the stresses in the area of the belt between the teeth during the operation of the drive.
It has been found that the disadvantage of the prior art can be overcome by the present invention which will be hereinafter described.
According to one aspect of this invention there is provided a toothed pulley for use with a toothed power ~-transmission belt, said pulley having a plurality of uniformly spaced radially projecting teeth, each said tooth as viewed in planes perpendicular to the rotational axis of the pulley comprising a base portion, an outermost portion spaced from said base portion and opposite side portions extending from the ends of said base portion joining the ends of the outermost portion to thereby define the pulley tooth profile, said outermost portion having an arcuate outer perimeter formed by the arcs of two circles of equal radius and whose center points lie within said tooth an equal distance from the radial center line of said tooth and with one of said arcuate perimeters being within 40-60% of one half of the total outer perimeter of said tooth.
10887~31 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the positive drive system of this invention including the belt and pulleys with parts broken away;
Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view of the belt of Figure 1 more clearly showing the novel cross sectional configuration of the belt teeth;
Figure 3 is a modification of the invention shown in Figure 2;
Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view of Figure 1 with parts broken away to more clearly show the contact between the toothed belt and toothed pulley of the invention;
Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary side eleva-tional view of the invention as shown in Figures 1 and 4 which more clearly illustrates the configuration of the pulley of the invention.
Figure 6 is a modification of the pulley of the .
invention shown in Figure 4.
. -_ 7/8 10~8781 DESCRIPTION OF THE P ÆFERRED EMBODrMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, in Figure 1 a belt drive 10~ for example~ a positive drive system is shown which includes a flexible power transmission belt 11 trained around a pair of gears or pulleys 12 and 13.
The belt 11 includes a plurality of atlernating teeth 14 alld grooves 15 extending generally transversely thereof.
The pulle~s 12 and 13 have a plurality of alternating teeth 16 and grooves 17 extending generally axially -thereof which mesh or engage with the belt teeth 14 and grooves 15 during the operation of the drive 10. In the particular arrangement shown in Figure 1 the belt 11 is used to transmit power from the toothed driving pulley 12 to a toothed driven pulley 13. Of course, it is to be understood that either pulley of the drive could be the driver pulley and that additional pulleys both toothed and untoothed could be included in the drive.
The belt 11 as best illustrated in Figure 2 is of the positive or synchronous drive type. The belt 11 includes a body 18 of flexible polymeric material such as natural or synthetic rubber or the like. The body 18 of the belt 11 includes a tensile member 19 of high modulus essentially inextensible material such as wrapped strands of glass fiber or steel to provide the belt with the necessary longitudinal strength and stability. The flexible resilient belt driving teeth 14 of substantially uniform height H~ and pitch length Pb _ 9 _ . .
. . . ~ .
~088781 extend generally transversely of the belt 11. The teeth 14 are integrally formed in at least one surf'ace of the body 18 with the teeth extending transversely of the belt 11. If desired the driving teeth can be formed in each surface of the body 18.
The tensile member 19 is disposed substantially on the dedendum line BD of the driving teeth 1~ of the belt 11 as is the well-known practice in regard to :
synchronous drive belts (Case US Patent No. 2,507,852).
The high strength tensile member 19 functions to prevent undue stretchability of the belt 11 and allows the teeth 14 to mesh more accurately with the teeth 16 of the pulleys 12 and 13.
Each tooth 1~ as viewed in longitudinal section -includes a base portion or root 20 nearest to the tensile member 19~ an outermost portion or crown 21 furthest from the tensile member 19 which is spaced from the base portion 20 and has a cross sectional dimension xb less than the cross sectional dimension Xb of the base portion 20. Opposite side portions or flanks 22 extend from the ends of the base portion 20 to meet or join with the ends of the outermost portion 21 to thereby define the belt tooth profile.
Each side portion 22 includes an integral stress-relieving portion or fillet 23 adjoining the base portion : 20. The stress-relieving portion 23 has an outer perimeter or outer surface area ob which is at least 30% of one-half the total outer perimeter or outer surface area Ob of the belt tooth 1~. In the prior --- 10 _ . , . :
art typically belt tooth fillets have an outer perimeter or surface area which is less than 30% of one half of the outer perimeter or surface area of the belt tooth and generally in the neighborhood ofabout 14 to about 29% of one half of the total outer perimeter or surface area of the belt to~th~
The enlarged portions or fillets 23 serve to distribute the stresses to which the belt teeth 1~ are subjected during the operation of the drive 10 when con-tacting the pulley teeth 160 Each fillet 23 relieves the stresses at its respective end of the base or root 20 of the tooth 14 and consequently increases the belt tooth shear resistance thereby increasing the life of the belt 11.
It is preferred that each portion or fillet 23 of the tooth 14 have an outer perimeter or surface area obwhich is from about 35 to about 100% of surface area Ob which is one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area of one of the belt teeth 1~. It is even more preferred that this figure be from about 40 to about 60% of surface area Obo Optimum results have been achieved in improving belt tooth shear resistance when the fillet 23 has constituted about 50% of the total outer perimeter or surface area Ob of the belt tooth 1~.
As-shown ~n Figure 2~ the stress-relieving portion or fillet 23 may have a curvilinear outer perimeter Ob when viewed in longitudinal cross section which, for example~ is defined by an arc Ab of a circle ~ 7 8 1 whose center lies between the belt teeth 14. Stated differently~ it may be said that the fillet 23 has a curvilinear outer surface ob the edge of which is formed by the arc Ab of at least one circle whose center Cb lies outside of the body 18 of the belt 11 in the space or groove 15 between the belt teeth 14.
It has been determined that the ratio of the radius Rb Or the arc.Ab to the pitch length Pb between adjacent teeth 14 should be from about 0.16:1 to about 0.32:1.
The belt driving teeth 1~ are preferably formed by molding butimay be ground or cast if desired~ The teeth 1~ also preferably include a wear-facing 2~ of textile fabric material for example~ of woven nylon.
Each belt driving tooth 14 is engineered and manufactured to a precise degree with very close tolerances being maintained so that during the operation of the belt drive system 10 the belt teeth 1~ are adapted to mesh without any si.gnificant change of pitch with the teeth 16 of the toothed pulleys 12 and 13.
In a modification of the invention shown in Figure 3~ the power transmission belt 25 has a plurality of fl~xible resilient teeth 26 the opposite sides or flanks 27 bf which include a stress-relieving portion :
or fillet 28 whose outer perimeter o' is rectilinear and is defined by the chord CH of an arc Ab' of a circle whose center Cbl lies between adjacent belt teeth 26. In other words~ the fillet 28 has a rectilinear outer surface o' the edge of which is formed by at least one chord CH of an arc Ab' of 1088~81 a circle whose center Cb' lies outside of the body 18 between the belt teeth 140 The outer perimeter or outer surface area ob' has generally the same relationship to one-half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area Ob' as in the case of the belt of Figure 2.
It is preferred that the ratio of the radius Rb' of the arc Ab' to the pitch length Pb' between adjacent teeth 26 be from about 0.16:1 to about 0.32:10 The structural features of the pulleys 12 of the present invention are best seen in Figures 4 and 5.
The pulley 12 includes a plurality of uniformly spaced radially projecting teeth 16. Each tooth 16 as viewed in planes perpendicular to the roatational axis of the pulley 12 includes a base portion or root 32~ an outer-most portion or crown 33 spaced from the base portion 32and opposite side portions 34 extending from the ends of said base portion 32 joining the ends of the outermost portion 33 to thereby define the pulley tooth profile. ~
The side portions or flanks 34 may be considered generally : :
parallel but may diverge slightly outwardly from the crown 33 to the root 32 of the pulley tooth 16 as shown in Figures 4 and 5 or they may even converge slightly inwardly if desired Each half of the outermost portion 33 includes an arcuate outer perimeter op formed by the arc Ap of at least one circle whose centerpoint Cp lies within the tooth 16 with the arcuate outer perimeter op being at least 30~ of one-half of the total outer perimeter Op of the tooth 16. For example~ as shown in Figure 5 the outermost portion 33 has an arcuate outer perimeter opl and op2 formed by the arcs Apl and Ap2 of two circles of equal radius Rpl and Rp2 spaced at an equal distance from the radial center line CL of the tooth 16 with the arcs Apl and Ap2 connected by a flat portion 35 therebetween. The flat portion 35 has a linear dimension dp less than the length of any one of the arcs Apl and Ap2.
It is preferred that the arcuate outer perimeter or surface area op of one half of the outermost portion 33 of the pulley tooth 16 be from about 35 to about 100%
of one-half of the total outer perimeter or surface area Op of the pulley tooth 16. It is even more preferred that this figure be from about 40 to about 60% of one-15 half of the total surface area Op of one of the teeth ~
16. Optimum results have been achieved when the arcuate ~ -outer perimeter or surface area op constitutes about 50%
of the approximate one half of the total outer perimeter or surface area Op of the pulley tooth 16.
In the modification of the invention shown in -Figure 6 the pulley tooth 36 includes an outermost portion or crown 37 having an outer arcuate perimeter op formed by the arc Ap or a single circle whose center Cp lies on the radial center line CL of the tooth 36 In this case the crown is of a generally semi-circular configuration and the outer perimeter of the arc Ap may be related to the total outer perimeter (2 times Op) of the pulley tooth.
It has been determined that the radius Rp of the arc or arcs Ap forming the arcuate outer perimeter op of the outermost portion of the pulley can be determined by the following formula R = 0.165P + 000012P (N-9) wherein:
R = the radius of the arc P = the circular pitch of the pulley teeth N = the number of pulley teethO
As best shown in Figures land 4, it is preferred that the dimensional relationship of the belt teeth 14 and grooves 15 and the pulley teeth 16 and grooves 17 be such that in the longitudinal extent ~ of the belt 11 between the pulleys the height Hb of the belt tooth 14 is greater than the depth Dp of the pulley grooves 17.
As the belt 11 travels around the pulleys 12 and 13 the extreme outwardly facing portions or outer extremities 21 of the addendum of the belt teeth 14 which confront the pulleys 12 and 13 come into contact with the portions or surfaces 29 of the dedendum of the toothed pulley 12 disposed between the pulley teeth 16 which define the bottom of the pulley groove 17. At the same time the belt teeth 14 are compressed to reduce their height hb so that the radially outwardly facing portions or outer extremities 30 of the addendum of the pulley teeth 16 come into contact with the portions or surface 31 of the addendum of the belt 11 disposed between the belt teeth 14 which define the bottom of the belt grooves 150 It is preferred that the height Hb of each belt tooth in the longitudinal extent L of the belt be a : - - . .
10~18781 maximum of about 20% greater than the depth Dp of each pulley groove 17 or the height Hp of each pulley tooth 16 in order to achieve efficient operation of the drive 10 In this regard it is preferred that the height Hb of the belt tooth 1~ be from about 1 to about 15% greater than the depth Dp of each pulley groove 17 or conversely that the height Hp of each tooth 16 of the pulley 12 be from about 1 to about 15% less than the height Hb of each driving tooth 1~ of the belt 11 in engagement therewith.
It is even more preferred that the height Hb of each belt tooth 1~ be about 3 to about 7~ greater than the depth Dp of each pulley groove 17 or the height Hp of each :
pulley tooth 160 For optimum results the height Hb of each belt tooth 14 should be about 5% greater than the depth Dp of each pulley groove 17 or the height Hp of each pulley tooth 15.
It can be observed by reference to Figure ~ that the belt driving teeth 14 of increased relative height which become compressed upon contact with the surfaces 29 of the dedendum of the pulley 12 bétween the pulley teeth 16 provide support for the tensile member 19 in the toothed area A of the belt in which each belt tooth 14 is joined to the belt body 18. Thus the perpendicular stresses acting on the tensile member 19 are reduced ~n the untoothed area a of the belt generally adjacent to surfaces 31 between the belt teeth l~o For the purposes of this invention~ the height of the belt teeth is the shortest distance from the dedendum line to the outer extremity of the addendum of the tooth~ The height of the pulley teeth is the radial distance from the dedendum line of the pulley to the radial outer extremity of the pulley tooth.
The concepts of the present invention can be utilized to the greatest extent in providing support for the tensile member 19 wherein the circumferential dimension Xb of the base or root 20 of each belt tooth 14 as measured on its dedendum line BD is equal to or greater than the circumferential dimension xp of the root 32 of each pulley tooth 16 as measured on its dedendum line PD as the belt 11 rotates about the pulleys 12 and 130 For instance, the invention is particularly important when the ratio of the dimension Xb of the root of each belt tooth 14 to the dimension xp of the root 32 of each pulley tooth 16 is as high as from about 1 1/4 to about 1 3/4 to 1. To state this condition of greatest utilization di*ferently, as the belt 11 travels around the pulleys 12 and 13 the circumferential dimension Xb of each belt driving tooth 14 as measured on its dedendum line BD is equal to or greater than the circumferential dimension xp of each pulley tooth 16 as measured on its dedendum line PD with the circumferential dimension Xb of each belt driving tooth 14 being about 1 1~4 to 1 3/4 as great as the circumferential dimension xp of each pulley tooth 16.
It naturally follows that along the longitudinal extent L of the belt 11 the width or lineal dimension Yb of the root 20 of each tooth 14 of the belt 11 ' ' ' at its base as measured substantially on its dedendum line BD is equal to or greater than the distance or space yb between any two belt teeth as measured on this same line~ The width Yb of each belt tooth 14 at its base 20 as measured along the longitudinal extent L of the belt may be from about 1~ to about 2 times as great as the width yb between any two belt teeth 14. By the same token~ it can be seen that in regard to the pulley 12, the circumferential dimension xp' of the cross section of each pulley tooth 16 as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the flnaks34~ 34' thereof with the addendum line PA of the pulley teeth 16 is equal to or less than the circumferential distance Xp' between the confronting flanks 34~ 34~ of any two ad~acent pulley teeth 16 as measured at the intersections of the con-fronting flanks with the same line. It is possible that : xp' may vary from about 60 to about 90% o~ Xp'.
In this same regard it is preferred that as the belt 11 travels around the pulleys 12 and 13 there is substantially no clearance between the flanks 22~ 22' of the belt tooth 14 and the flanks 34~ 34' of the pulley teeth 16 so that the spaces between the pulley which define the pulley grooves 17 are substantially completely filled by the belt teeth 14. However~ as the belt travels around the toothed pulley 12 and the flanks 22 contact the flanks 34 of the pulley teeth 16 some clearance can be expected between the flanks 22' of the belt teeth and the confronting flanks 34' of the pulley teeth~
108~?781 According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, when the belt 11 is driven by the pulley 12 as in Figure 4, the contact between the belt tooth 1~
and the pulley tooth 16 is continuous from the initial pulley contact point PC on the leading side of the dedendum line PD of the pulley to the final belt contact point BC on the lagging side of the dedendum line BD of the belt. If the belt were driving the pulley, on the other hand~ the contact would be continuing from the initial belt contact point on the leading side of the dedendum line of the belt to the final pulley contact point on the lagging side of the dedendum line of the pulley.
Therefore~ it is preferred in the practice of the present invention that there be continuous contact along the confronting driving surfaces of the belt and the pulley bounded by the respective dedendum lines thereof and beyond. In this regard it is apparent that the pulley tooth contacting portions of the belt tooth extending substantially between pointsPC and BC approx-imate one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area Ob of the belt tooth 1~. During the -operation of the drive 1~ the portions or fillets 23 ~ -of the belt contact approximately one half of the 25 arcuate outer perimeter Op of the portions or crown 33 ~-of the pulley. Additionally~ the pulley contacting portions of the tooth 14 including the fillets 23 extend from the ends of the base portion 20 and converge in-wardly to form the outermost portion or crown 21 of the . '' ~ . -~0~8~81 tooth 14. 2ach flllet has a 3urface contactlng area which 1~ at least 30~' of the total surface contactin~ area of one of the pulley tOO~l contactin~ portions to thereby increa~a the shear re~stance of each belt tooth.
Also as i8 seen in Figure 4 the support provided to the tenslle member 1~ by the belt tooth 14 of increased he~ght and qize relie~es the stresses in area a of the belt 11 and causes the ten:.ile member 19 to as_ume a 3ub~tantially circular or arcuate, tnon-chordal) configuration as it travels around the pulleys 12 and 13. The circular or arcuate path of the tensile member 19 correspondq more closely to the theoreti-cal pitch line of the pulley~. Thi8 has the effect of pro-ducing a more constant angular velocity and less vibration resulting in a smoother, quieter running drl~e. Moreover, belt life is ~lgnificantly increased since the wear ln area a of the belt i8 reduced, A more detailed discussion o~ thls aspect of the ln~ention can be found in United States Patent No 4,037,485, is~ued July 26, 1977.
m e followlng example further illustrates the obJects and advantages oi this in~ention.
EYI~LE
.
In order to compare the per~ormance of belt~ and pulleys the present invention having the no~el and unique , 10~8~81 profiles as herebefore described with those having conventional profiles the following procedure was followed:
Several positive or synchronous drive belt samples were manufactured by conventional methods using conventional materials well-known in the artO All of the belts were formed of a neoprene rubber composition having a nylon fabric facing on the belt teeth and including a tensile member of fiberglass cords disposed substantially on the dedendum line of the belt teeth. The belt samples after manufacture were dynamically tested on toothed pulleys of appropriate dimension and configuration as will be hereinafter described.
Four type belt constructions were tested in combination with suitable corresponding toothed pulley constructions. These combinations are identified as Types I, II, III and IV. In Type I the driving teeth of each belt sample were of the profile of the present invention as shown particularly in Figures 1 and 20f the 20 drawings. All of the belt samples produced had the ---following dimensions as measured in the longitudinal extent of the belt between the pulleys: a pitch between belt teeth of 9~55 mm (00376 inches); a width or lineal dimension of the base of the belt tooth of 5084 mm (00230, inches) as measured subst~ntiallyon the dedendum line of the tooth; a height of 3.58 mm (0.141 inches);
and a distance between the belt teeth of 3.70 mm (0.146 inches) as measured on the dedendum line of the belt teeth.
.
,~ . , - .
.
10~8781 The belt tooth included stress-relieving portions or fillets adjoining the opposite sides of the base of the tooth each having an arcuate outer perimeter of 3.00 mm (0.118 inches). The total outer perimeter of the belt tooth was 13036 mm tO.526 inches). Therefore~ the outer perimeter or outer surface area of each fillet constituted +4. 91% of one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area of the belt tooth. The radius of the arcuate outer surface of each fillet was 2.29 mm (0.090 inches) with the ratio of this radius to the pitch length between adjacent teeth being therefore 0.24 to 1.
TwelYe (12) belts of Type I were tested on pulleys each having eighteen (18) teeth of the configuration as ~ -shown particularly in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings.
The circular pitch of the pulley teeth was 9~55 mm (0.376 inches)0 The outermost portion of the pulley had an arcuate outer perimeter of 5.26 mm (0.207 inches) formed by the arcs of two circles of equal radius spaced at a distance of 0.20 mm (0.008 inches) from the radial center line of the tooth and the pulley tooth had a total outer perimeter of 9~,86 mm (0.388 inches). Therefore~ one half of the arcuate outer perimeter was 53.35% of one half of the total outer perimeter of the tooth. The arcs forming the outermost portion of the pulley tooth were connected 25 by a flat portion having a linear dimension of o.40 mm (0.016 inches)0 The radius of the arc of each circle was 1.68 mm (0~,066 inches)" The pulley tooth had a height Of 3.40 mm (0.134 inches). In the longitudinal extent of . . .. ... .
1()13~781 the belt the height of the belt teeth was 0.178 mm (0.007 inches) greater than the height of the pulley teeth or depth of the pulley grooves.
The circumferential dimension of the pulley tooth as measured on its dedendum line was 3u89 mm (0.153 inches).
~onsequently, the circumferential dimension of each belt driving tooth which approximates its lineal dimension or width is about 1~ times greater than the circumferential dimension of the pulley tooth~
The circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the tooth flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 3.76 mm (0.1~8 inches) and the ~-circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two adjacent pulley teeth as measured at the intersection of the confronting flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 5.5~ mm (0.218 inches). The circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth was therefore 67.87% of the circumferential distance between adjacent pulley teeth as measured as described above.
In the Type II combination the power transmission belts were of a conventional type having trapezoidal teeth as is well-known in the prior art (Case US Patent No. 2~507~852). Three (3) belt samples were tested having the following dimensions as measured in the longitudinal extent of the belt between the pulleys:
a pitch between belt teeth of 9~55 mm (0~376 inches);
.
a width or lineal dimension of the base or root of the belt tooth of 4~64 mm (0.183 inches) as measured sub-stantially on the dedendum line of the tooth; a belt tooth height of 1~91 mm (0.075 inches); and a distance between the belt teeth of 4.90 mm (0~193 inches) as measured on the dedendum line of the belt teeth.
Each tooth included a fillet at each opposite side of the base thereof. Each fillet had an arcuate outer perimeter of 0~62 mm ~0~024 inches) and the radius of the arcuate outer surface of the fillet was 0.51 mm (00020 inches). The total outer perimeter of the belt tooth was 7~37 mm (00290 inches). Each fillet therefore had an outer perimeter or outer surface area which was 16082% of one half of the total outer perimeter or outer 15 surface area of the belt tooth. The ratio of the radius of the arcuate outer surface of the fillet to the pitch length between adjacent belt teeth was 0~053 to 1.
The belts of the Type II construction were used with pulleys of conventional cross-sectional configuration.
20 The pulleys included eighteen (18) radially projecting trapezoidal teeth having a uniform height of 2~13 mm (oO84 inches)0 The circular pitch of the pulley teeth was 9~55 mm (0.376 inches). In the longitudinal extent of the belt the height of each belt tooth was 0~22 mm 25 (oOO9 inches) less than the height of the pulley teeth or depth of the pulley grooves.
The circumferential dimension of each pulley tooth as measured o~ its dedendum line was 5~28 mm (0~208 inches) ~ 24 _ or about 88% of the circumferential dimension (width) of each belt tooth as measured on its dedendum line.
The circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the tooth flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 4.65 mm (0.183 inches) and the circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two adjacent teeth as measured at the intersection of the confronting flanks ~Tith the addendum line of the pulley teeth was also ~.65 mm (0.183 inches)O
The Type III combinations included a belt having a belt tooth of conventional configuration as in the case of Type IIo Four (~) belt samples were produced having the following dimensions as measured in the longitudinal extent of the belt between the pulleys: the pitch between belt teeth of 12.70 mmtO.500 inches); a width or linear dimension of the base of the belt tooth of 6010 mm (0.240 inches) as measured substantially on the dedendum line of the tooth; a belt tooth height of 2.29 mm (0.090 inches) and a distance between the belt teeth of 6.60 mm (0.260 inches) as measured on the dedendum line of the belt teeth.
Each tooth included a f~llet at each opposite side of the base thereof each having an arcuate outer perimeter of 102~ mm (.049 inches) and a radius of 1.02 mm (0.040 inches). The total outer perimeter of the belt tooth was 9.~0 mm (0.370 inches). Each fillet therefore had an outer perimeter or o~ter surface area which was 26.38%
of one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface . :
.. . . . .
'' ' '' ,.' . . ~ ' - . - - ~
- . . . .
10~8781 area of the belt toothO The ratio of the radius of the arcuate outer surface of the fillet to the pitch length between adjacent belt teeth was 0.080 to 1.
The belts of the Type III construction were tested on conventional pulleys of similar cross section to the pulleys of Type II. The pulleys of Type III
included fourteen (14) pulley teeth of trapezoidal cross section having a height of 2.59 mm (00102 inches). The pitch distance between pulley teeth was 12~70 mm (0.500 inches)~ In the longitudinal extent of the belt the height of each belt tooth of the belts of Type III was 0.305 mm (0.012 inches) less than the height of the pulley teeth or depth of the pulley grooves.
The circumferential dimension of each pulley tooth as measured on its dedendum line was 7.21 mm (0~284 inches) or about 87% of the circumferential dimension (width) of each belt tooth as measured on its dedendum line.
The circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the inter-section of the tangents of the tooth flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 6.27 mm (0.247 inches) and the circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two adjacent teeth as measured at the intersection of the confronting flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 6.12 mm (0.2~1 inches). This circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth was therefore 102.~5% of .
~ - 26 -~ .
. .
~ '- :. ' - . ~
the circumferential distance between adjacent pulley teethO
In the Type IV belt assembly the belts had a tooth configuration of the type shown in Miller US
5 Patent NoO 3~756~091 with the teeth being of a curvi-linear cross-sectional configurationO Three (3 ) belt samples were tested in a belt drive in combination with pulleys of appropriate corresponding contour with the pulley teeth having mating substantially conjugate curvilinear cross-sections. All of the belt samples produced had the folloding dimensions as measured in the longitudi~al extent of the belt between the pulleys: a pitch between belt teeth of 8 mm (0~315 inches): a width -or lineal dimension of the base of the belt tooth of 5018 mm (0~204 inches) as measured substantially on the dedendum line of the tooth; a belt tooth height of 3~60 mm (00142 inches); and a distance between the belt teeth of
This invention relates to belt drives in which toothed power transmission belts operate in conjunction with tooth gears or pulleys and to belts and pulleys adapted for use in such drives. More particularly this invention relates to a power transmission belt of the positive drive type having an improved belt tooth profile for increased shear resistance. This invention also relates to a novel pulley for use with such a belt~ for example~ in a synchronous or positive drive system in which the positive drive transmission belt operates in conjunction with a pair of such toothed pulleys.
Power transmission belts used with toothed pulleys are well-known in the art. These belts have a plurality of alternating teeth and grooves extending generally transversely of the belt which mesh with alternating teeth and grooves of the toothed pulley or sprocket in order to perform their` driving function.
The most widely used of these toothed belts are the so-called synchronous or positive drive belts which are manufactured from flexible resilient material such as natural or synthetic rubber. These belts are engineered and manufactured with pitch~ tooth depth~ width and other measurements accurate to a precise degree with extremely close tolerances being maintained. In addition~ a high strength tensile stress-resisting member of essentially inextensible material is provided substantially on the dedendum line of the teeth to prevent undue stretch- -ability of the belt. This belt construction allows the ~088781 flexible, resilient belt teeth to mesh without substantial change of pitch with teeth of the toothed pulleys with the belt thereby functioning as a synchronizing belt.
Typically the belt driving teeth of the positive drive belt have been of a rectilinear cross sectional configuration and most commonly have been of a trape-zoidal configuration when viewed in longitudinal cross section. The spacing or width of the grooves between the belt teeth originally was designed so as to be greater than the width of the root or base of the belt tooth. However, problems were encountered with belt failure due to shearing of the belt teeth resulting from the concentration of stresses in the belt. Con-sequently, many efforts were made to modify the existing belt tooth profile in order to solve the tooth shear problem. For example, in order to achieve a more satis-factory distribution of the load or stress on the belt, the number of belt teeth for a given length of belt ha~ been increased. In addition, a larger size of individual belt tooth has been manufactured to provide a greater resistance to tooth shear. These approaches naturally have decreased the space between belt teeth so that the width of the root or base of the belt tooth is equal to or greater than the space between the teeth.
More recently various changes in the contour or coLfiguration of the belt tooth have been made together with the approaches discussed above. For example, Miller United States Patent No. 3,756,091 discloses a positive drive systemin which the belt includes relatively closely spaced together driving teeth of a special curvilinear cross sectional configuration which is operated in con-junction with pulley teeth having mating substantially conjugate curvilinear cross sections.
The belt modifications as discussed previously which were implemented to counter the belt tooth shear problem have created other problems due to the relative spacing of the belt teeth. For example, the tensile member of the positive drive belts in the heretofore existing systems have not been adequately supported by the teeth of the belt and therefore have been sub~ected to excessive stress in the area between teeth during the operation of the drive. This problem has been particularly acute in drives wherein the base or root of the belt tooth as measured substantially on the dedendum line of the tooth is greater than the space between the tooth as measured on this same line. In this instance the pulley teeth which contact the spaces betweèn the belt teeth have a relatively small apex and the condition resulting may be likened to the belt passing over knife blades.
Additionally~ excessive vibration and undesirable noise also have been encountered.
Conventionally in the prior art the d~mensional relationship of the belt teeth and grooves and the pulley teeth and grooves has been such that in the longitudinal 108878~
extent of the belt between the pulleys the height of the belt teeth ~equal to or less than the depth of the pulley grooves. Consequently, as the belt travels around the pulleys either a line to line contact is established between the extreme outwardly facing portions of the belt teeth which confront the pulley and the portions of the pulley disposed between the pulley teeth which define the bottom of the pulley grooves or there is a clearance between these stated portions of the belt teeth and pulley grooves.
Problems have been encountered in conventional positive drive systems with the existing dimensional relationships between the belt and the pulley teeth or grooves as discussed above. A solution to this problem involves a belt drive including belts and ~ulleys wherein the dimensional relationship between the belt teeth and the pulley teeth is such that in the longitudinal extent of the belt between the pulleys the height of the belt tooth is greater than the height of the pulley teeth or depth of the pulley grooves while as the belt travels around the pulleys the extreme outwardly facing portions or outer extremities of the belt teeth contact the bottom of the pulley grooves. At the same time the belt teeth are compressed to reduce their height so that the extreme -radially outwardly facing portions or outer extremities of the pulley teeth come in contact with the bottoms of the belt grooves. The height of the .
1()~8~
pulley teeth provides more support for the tensile member of the positive drive belt thereby reducing the stresses in the area of the belt between the teeth during the operation of the drive.
It has been found that the disadvantage of the prior art can be overcome by the present invention which will be hereinafter described.
According to one aspect of this invention there is provided a toothed pulley for use with a toothed power ~-transmission belt, said pulley having a plurality of uniformly spaced radially projecting teeth, each said tooth as viewed in planes perpendicular to the rotational axis of the pulley comprising a base portion, an outermost portion spaced from said base portion and opposite side portions extending from the ends of said base portion joining the ends of the outermost portion to thereby define the pulley tooth profile, said outermost portion having an arcuate outer perimeter formed by the arcs of two circles of equal radius and whose center points lie within said tooth an equal distance from the radial center line of said tooth and with one of said arcuate perimeters being within 40-60% of one half of the total outer perimeter of said tooth.
10887~31 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side elevational view of the positive drive system of this invention including the belt and pulleys with parts broken away;
Figure 2 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view of the belt of Figure 1 more clearly showing the novel cross sectional configuration of the belt teeth;
Figure 3 is a modification of the invention shown in Figure 2;
Figure 4 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view of Figure 1 with parts broken away to more clearly show the contact between the toothed belt and toothed pulley of the invention;
Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary side eleva-tional view of the invention as shown in Figures 1 and 4 which more clearly illustrates the configuration of the pulley of the invention.
Figure 6 is a modification of the pulley of the .
invention shown in Figure 4.
. -_ 7/8 10~8781 DESCRIPTION OF THE P ÆFERRED EMBODrMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, in Figure 1 a belt drive 10~ for example~ a positive drive system is shown which includes a flexible power transmission belt 11 trained around a pair of gears or pulleys 12 and 13.
The belt 11 includes a plurality of atlernating teeth 14 alld grooves 15 extending generally transversely thereof.
The pulle~s 12 and 13 have a plurality of alternating teeth 16 and grooves 17 extending generally axially -thereof which mesh or engage with the belt teeth 14 and grooves 15 during the operation of the drive 10. In the particular arrangement shown in Figure 1 the belt 11 is used to transmit power from the toothed driving pulley 12 to a toothed driven pulley 13. Of course, it is to be understood that either pulley of the drive could be the driver pulley and that additional pulleys both toothed and untoothed could be included in the drive.
The belt 11 as best illustrated in Figure 2 is of the positive or synchronous drive type. The belt 11 includes a body 18 of flexible polymeric material such as natural or synthetic rubber or the like. The body 18 of the belt 11 includes a tensile member 19 of high modulus essentially inextensible material such as wrapped strands of glass fiber or steel to provide the belt with the necessary longitudinal strength and stability. The flexible resilient belt driving teeth 14 of substantially uniform height H~ and pitch length Pb _ 9 _ . .
. . . ~ .
~088781 extend generally transversely of the belt 11. The teeth 14 are integrally formed in at least one surf'ace of the body 18 with the teeth extending transversely of the belt 11. If desired the driving teeth can be formed in each surface of the body 18.
The tensile member 19 is disposed substantially on the dedendum line BD of the driving teeth 1~ of the belt 11 as is the well-known practice in regard to :
synchronous drive belts (Case US Patent No. 2,507,852).
The high strength tensile member 19 functions to prevent undue stretchability of the belt 11 and allows the teeth 14 to mesh more accurately with the teeth 16 of the pulleys 12 and 13.
Each tooth 1~ as viewed in longitudinal section -includes a base portion or root 20 nearest to the tensile member 19~ an outermost portion or crown 21 furthest from the tensile member 19 which is spaced from the base portion 20 and has a cross sectional dimension xb less than the cross sectional dimension Xb of the base portion 20. Opposite side portions or flanks 22 extend from the ends of the base portion 20 to meet or join with the ends of the outermost portion 21 to thereby define the belt tooth profile.
Each side portion 22 includes an integral stress-relieving portion or fillet 23 adjoining the base portion : 20. The stress-relieving portion 23 has an outer perimeter or outer surface area ob which is at least 30% of one-half the total outer perimeter or outer surface area Ob of the belt tooth 1~. In the prior --- 10 _ . , . :
art typically belt tooth fillets have an outer perimeter or surface area which is less than 30% of one half of the outer perimeter or surface area of the belt tooth and generally in the neighborhood ofabout 14 to about 29% of one half of the total outer perimeter or surface area of the belt to~th~
The enlarged portions or fillets 23 serve to distribute the stresses to which the belt teeth 1~ are subjected during the operation of the drive 10 when con-tacting the pulley teeth 160 Each fillet 23 relieves the stresses at its respective end of the base or root 20 of the tooth 14 and consequently increases the belt tooth shear resistance thereby increasing the life of the belt 11.
It is preferred that each portion or fillet 23 of the tooth 14 have an outer perimeter or surface area obwhich is from about 35 to about 100% of surface area Ob which is one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area of one of the belt teeth 1~. It is even more preferred that this figure be from about 40 to about 60% of surface area Obo Optimum results have been achieved in improving belt tooth shear resistance when the fillet 23 has constituted about 50% of the total outer perimeter or surface area Ob of the belt tooth 1~.
As-shown ~n Figure 2~ the stress-relieving portion or fillet 23 may have a curvilinear outer perimeter Ob when viewed in longitudinal cross section which, for example~ is defined by an arc Ab of a circle ~ 7 8 1 whose center lies between the belt teeth 14. Stated differently~ it may be said that the fillet 23 has a curvilinear outer surface ob the edge of which is formed by the arc Ab of at least one circle whose center Cb lies outside of the body 18 of the belt 11 in the space or groove 15 between the belt teeth 14.
It has been determined that the ratio of the radius Rb Or the arc.Ab to the pitch length Pb between adjacent teeth 14 should be from about 0.16:1 to about 0.32:1.
The belt driving teeth 1~ are preferably formed by molding butimay be ground or cast if desired~ The teeth 1~ also preferably include a wear-facing 2~ of textile fabric material for example~ of woven nylon.
Each belt driving tooth 14 is engineered and manufactured to a precise degree with very close tolerances being maintained so that during the operation of the belt drive system 10 the belt teeth 1~ are adapted to mesh without any si.gnificant change of pitch with the teeth 16 of the toothed pulleys 12 and 13.
In a modification of the invention shown in Figure 3~ the power transmission belt 25 has a plurality of fl~xible resilient teeth 26 the opposite sides or flanks 27 bf which include a stress-relieving portion :
or fillet 28 whose outer perimeter o' is rectilinear and is defined by the chord CH of an arc Ab' of a circle whose center Cbl lies between adjacent belt teeth 26. In other words~ the fillet 28 has a rectilinear outer surface o' the edge of which is formed by at least one chord CH of an arc Ab' of 1088~81 a circle whose center Cb' lies outside of the body 18 between the belt teeth 140 The outer perimeter or outer surface area ob' has generally the same relationship to one-half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area Ob' as in the case of the belt of Figure 2.
It is preferred that the ratio of the radius Rb' of the arc Ab' to the pitch length Pb' between adjacent teeth 26 be from about 0.16:1 to about 0.32:10 The structural features of the pulleys 12 of the present invention are best seen in Figures 4 and 5.
The pulley 12 includes a plurality of uniformly spaced radially projecting teeth 16. Each tooth 16 as viewed in planes perpendicular to the roatational axis of the pulley 12 includes a base portion or root 32~ an outer-most portion or crown 33 spaced from the base portion 32and opposite side portions 34 extending from the ends of said base portion 32 joining the ends of the outermost portion 33 to thereby define the pulley tooth profile. ~
The side portions or flanks 34 may be considered generally : :
parallel but may diverge slightly outwardly from the crown 33 to the root 32 of the pulley tooth 16 as shown in Figures 4 and 5 or they may even converge slightly inwardly if desired Each half of the outermost portion 33 includes an arcuate outer perimeter op formed by the arc Ap of at least one circle whose centerpoint Cp lies within the tooth 16 with the arcuate outer perimeter op being at least 30~ of one-half of the total outer perimeter Op of the tooth 16. For example~ as shown in Figure 5 the outermost portion 33 has an arcuate outer perimeter opl and op2 formed by the arcs Apl and Ap2 of two circles of equal radius Rpl and Rp2 spaced at an equal distance from the radial center line CL of the tooth 16 with the arcs Apl and Ap2 connected by a flat portion 35 therebetween. The flat portion 35 has a linear dimension dp less than the length of any one of the arcs Apl and Ap2.
It is preferred that the arcuate outer perimeter or surface area op of one half of the outermost portion 33 of the pulley tooth 16 be from about 35 to about 100%
of one-half of the total outer perimeter or surface area Op of the pulley tooth 16. It is even more preferred that this figure be from about 40 to about 60% of one-15 half of the total surface area Op of one of the teeth ~
16. Optimum results have been achieved when the arcuate ~ -outer perimeter or surface area op constitutes about 50%
of the approximate one half of the total outer perimeter or surface area Op of the pulley tooth 16.
In the modification of the invention shown in -Figure 6 the pulley tooth 36 includes an outermost portion or crown 37 having an outer arcuate perimeter op formed by the arc Ap or a single circle whose center Cp lies on the radial center line CL of the tooth 36 In this case the crown is of a generally semi-circular configuration and the outer perimeter of the arc Ap may be related to the total outer perimeter (2 times Op) of the pulley tooth.
It has been determined that the radius Rp of the arc or arcs Ap forming the arcuate outer perimeter op of the outermost portion of the pulley can be determined by the following formula R = 0.165P + 000012P (N-9) wherein:
R = the radius of the arc P = the circular pitch of the pulley teeth N = the number of pulley teethO
As best shown in Figures land 4, it is preferred that the dimensional relationship of the belt teeth 14 and grooves 15 and the pulley teeth 16 and grooves 17 be such that in the longitudinal extent ~ of the belt 11 between the pulleys the height Hb of the belt tooth 14 is greater than the depth Dp of the pulley grooves 17.
As the belt 11 travels around the pulleys 12 and 13 the extreme outwardly facing portions or outer extremities 21 of the addendum of the belt teeth 14 which confront the pulleys 12 and 13 come into contact with the portions or surfaces 29 of the dedendum of the toothed pulley 12 disposed between the pulley teeth 16 which define the bottom of the pulley groove 17. At the same time the belt teeth 14 are compressed to reduce their height hb so that the radially outwardly facing portions or outer extremities 30 of the addendum of the pulley teeth 16 come into contact with the portions or surface 31 of the addendum of the belt 11 disposed between the belt teeth 14 which define the bottom of the belt grooves 150 It is preferred that the height Hb of each belt tooth in the longitudinal extent L of the belt be a : - - . .
10~18781 maximum of about 20% greater than the depth Dp of each pulley groove 17 or the height Hp of each pulley tooth 16 in order to achieve efficient operation of the drive 10 In this regard it is preferred that the height Hb of the belt tooth 1~ be from about 1 to about 15% greater than the depth Dp of each pulley groove 17 or conversely that the height Hp of each tooth 16 of the pulley 12 be from about 1 to about 15% less than the height Hb of each driving tooth 1~ of the belt 11 in engagement therewith.
It is even more preferred that the height Hb of each belt tooth 1~ be about 3 to about 7~ greater than the depth Dp of each pulley groove 17 or the height Hp of each :
pulley tooth 160 For optimum results the height Hb of each belt tooth 14 should be about 5% greater than the depth Dp of each pulley groove 17 or the height Hp of each pulley tooth 15.
It can be observed by reference to Figure ~ that the belt driving teeth 14 of increased relative height which become compressed upon contact with the surfaces 29 of the dedendum of the pulley 12 bétween the pulley teeth 16 provide support for the tensile member 19 in the toothed area A of the belt in which each belt tooth 14 is joined to the belt body 18. Thus the perpendicular stresses acting on the tensile member 19 are reduced ~n the untoothed area a of the belt generally adjacent to surfaces 31 between the belt teeth l~o For the purposes of this invention~ the height of the belt teeth is the shortest distance from the dedendum line to the outer extremity of the addendum of the tooth~ The height of the pulley teeth is the radial distance from the dedendum line of the pulley to the radial outer extremity of the pulley tooth.
The concepts of the present invention can be utilized to the greatest extent in providing support for the tensile member 19 wherein the circumferential dimension Xb of the base or root 20 of each belt tooth 14 as measured on its dedendum line BD is equal to or greater than the circumferential dimension xp of the root 32 of each pulley tooth 16 as measured on its dedendum line PD as the belt 11 rotates about the pulleys 12 and 130 For instance, the invention is particularly important when the ratio of the dimension Xb of the root of each belt tooth 14 to the dimension xp of the root 32 of each pulley tooth 16 is as high as from about 1 1/4 to about 1 3/4 to 1. To state this condition of greatest utilization di*ferently, as the belt 11 travels around the pulleys 12 and 13 the circumferential dimension Xb of each belt driving tooth 14 as measured on its dedendum line BD is equal to or greater than the circumferential dimension xp of each pulley tooth 16 as measured on its dedendum line PD with the circumferential dimension Xb of each belt driving tooth 14 being about 1 1~4 to 1 3/4 as great as the circumferential dimension xp of each pulley tooth 16.
It naturally follows that along the longitudinal extent L of the belt 11 the width or lineal dimension Yb of the root 20 of each tooth 14 of the belt 11 ' ' ' at its base as measured substantially on its dedendum line BD is equal to or greater than the distance or space yb between any two belt teeth as measured on this same line~ The width Yb of each belt tooth 14 at its base 20 as measured along the longitudinal extent L of the belt may be from about 1~ to about 2 times as great as the width yb between any two belt teeth 14. By the same token~ it can be seen that in regard to the pulley 12, the circumferential dimension xp' of the cross section of each pulley tooth 16 as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the flnaks34~ 34' thereof with the addendum line PA of the pulley teeth 16 is equal to or less than the circumferential distance Xp' between the confronting flanks 34~ 34~ of any two ad~acent pulley teeth 16 as measured at the intersections of the con-fronting flanks with the same line. It is possible that : xp' may vary from about 60 to about 90% o~ Xp'.
In this same regard it is preferred that as the belt 11 travels around the pulleys 12 and 13 there is substantially no clearance between the flanks 22~ 22' of the belt tooth 14 and the flanks 34~ 34' of the pulley teeth 16 so that the spaces between the pulley which define the pulley grooves 17 are substantially completely filled by the belt teeth 14. However~ as the belt travels around the toothed pulley 12 and the flanks 22 contact the flanks 34 of the pulley teeth 16 some clearance can be expected between the flanks 22' of the belt teeth and the confronting flanks 34' of the pulley teeth~
108~?781 According to the preferred embodiment of the invention, when the belt 11 is driven by the pulley 12 as in Figure 4, the contact between the belt tooth 1~
and the pulley tooth 16 is continuous from the initial pulley contact point PC on the leading side of the dedendum line PD of the pulley to the final belt contact point BC on the lagging side of the dedendum line BD of the belt. If the belt were driving the pulley, on the other hand~ the contact would be continuing from the initial belt contact point on the leading side of the dedendum line of the belt to the final pulley contact point on the lagging side of the dedendum line of the pulley.
Therefore~ it is preferred in the practice of the present invention that there be continuous contact along the confronting driving surfaces of the belt and the pulley bounded by the respective dedendum lines thereof and beyond. In this regard it is apparent that the pulley tooth contacting portions of the belt tooth extending substantially between pointsPC and BC approx-imate one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area Ob of the belt tooth 1~. During the -operation of the drive 1~ the portions or fillets 23 ~ -of the belt contact approximately one half of the 25 arcuate outer perimeter Op of the portions or crown 33 ~-of the pulley. Additionally~ the pulley contacting portions of the tooth 14 including the fillets 23 extend from the ends of the base portion 20 and converge in-wardly to form the outermost portion or crown 21 of the . '' ~ . -~0~8~81 tooth 14. 2ach flllet has a 3urface contactlng area which 1~ at least 30~' of the total surface contactin~ area of one of the pulley tOO~l contactin~ portions to thereby increa~a the shear re~stance of each belt tooth.
Also as i8 seen in Figure 4 the support provided to the tenslle member 1~ by the belt tooth 14 of increased he~ght and qize relie~es the stresses in area a of the belt 11 and causes the ten:.ile member 19 to as_ume a 3ub~tantially circular or arcuate, tnon-chordal) configuration as it travels around the pulleys 12 and 13. The circular or arcuate path of the tensile member 19 correspondq more closely to the theoreti-cal pitch line of the pulley~. Thi8 has the effect of pro-ducing a more constant angular velocity and less vibration resulting in a smoother, quieter running drl~e. Moreover, belt life is ~lgnificantly increased since the wear ln area a of the belt i8 reduced, A more detailed discussion o~ thls aspect of the ln~ention can be found in United States Patent No 4,037,485, is~ued July 26, 1977.
m e followlng example further illustrates the obJects and advantages oi this in~ention.
EYI~LE
.
In order to compare the per~ormance of belt~ and pulleys the present invention having the no~el and unique , 10~8~81 profiles as herebefore described with those having conventional profiles the following procedure was followed:
Several positive or synchronous drive belt samples were manufactured by conventional methods using conventional materials well-known in the artO All of the belts were formed of a neoprene rubber composition having a nylon fabric facing on the belt teeth and including a tensile member of fiberglass cords disposed substantially on the dedendum line of the belt teeth. The belt samples after manufacture were dynamically tested on toothed pulleys of appropriate dimension and configuration as will be hereinafter described.
Four type belt constructions were tested in combination with suitable corresponding toothed pulley constructions. These combinations are identified as Types I, II, III and IV. In Type I the driving teeth of each belt sample were of the profile of the present invention as shown particularly in Figures 1 and 20f the 20 drawings. All of the belt samples produced had the ---following dimensions as measured in the longitudinal extent of the belt between the pulleys: a pitch between belt teeth of 9~55 mm (00376 inches); a width or lineal dimension of the base of the belt tooth of 5084 mm (00230, inches) as measured subst~ntiallyon the dedendum line of the tooth; a height of 3.58 mm (0.141 inches);
and a distance between the belt teeth of 3.70 mm (0.146 inches) as measured on the dedendum line of the belt teeth.
.
,~ . , - .
.
10~8781 The belt tooth included stress-relieving portions or fillets adjoining the opposite sides of the base of the tooth each having an arcuate outer perimeter of 3.00 mm (0.118 inches). The total outer perimeter of the belt tooth was 13036 mm tO.526 inches). Therefore~ the outer perimeter or outer surface area of each fillet constituted +4. 91% of one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area of the belt tooth. The radius of the arcuate outer surface of each fillet was 2.29 mm (0.090 inches) with the ratio of this radius to the pitch length between adjacent teeth being therefore 0.24 to 1.
TwelYe (12) belts of Type I were tested on pulleys each having eighteen (18) teeth of the configuration as ~ -shown particularly in Figures 4 and 5 of the drawings.
The circular pitch of the pulley teeth was 9~55 mm (0.376 inches)0 The outermost portion of the pulley had an arcuate outer perimeter of 5.26 mm (0.207 inches) formed by the arcs of two circles of equal radius spaced at a distance of 0.20 mm (0.008 inches) from the radial center line of the tooth and the pulley tooth had a total outer perimeter of 9~,86 mm (0.388 inches). Therefore~ one half of the arcuate outer perimeter was 53.35% of one half of the total outer perimeter of the tooth. The arcs forming the outermost portion of the pulley tooth were connected 25 by a flat portion having a linear dimension of o.40 mm (0.016 inches)0 The radius of the arc of each circle was 1.68 mm (0~,066 inches)" The pulley tooth had a height Of 3.40 mm (0.134 inches). In the longitudinal extent of . . .. ... .
1()13~781 the belt the height of the belt teeth was 0.178 mm (0.007 inches) greater than the height of the pulley teeth or depth of the pulley grooves.
The circumferential dimension of the pulley tooth as measured on its dedendum line was 3u89 mm (0.153 inches).
~onsequently, the circumferential dimension of each belt driving tooth which approximates its lineal dimension or width is about 1~ times greater than the circumferential dimension of the pulley tooth~
The circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the tooth flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 3.76 mm (0.1~8 inches) and the ~-circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two adjacent pulley teeth as measured at the intersection of the confronting flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 5.5~ mm (0.218 inches). The circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth was therefore 67.87% of the circumferential distance between adjacent pulley teeth as measured as described above.
In the Type II combination the power transmission belts were of a conventional type having trapezoidal teeth as is well-known in the prior art (Case US Patent No. 2~507~852). Three (3) belt samples were tested having the following dimensions as measured in the longitudinal extent of the belt between the pulleys:
a pitch between belt teeth of 9~55 mm (0~376 inches);
.
a width or lineal dimension of the base or root of the belt tooth of 4~64 mm (0.183 inches) as measured sub-stantially on the dedendum line of the tooth; a belt tooth height of 1~91 mm (0.075 inches); and a distance between the belt teeth of 4.90 mm (0~193 inches) as measured on the dedendum line of the belt teeth.
Each tooth included a fillet at each opposite side of the base thereof. Each fillet had an arcuate outer perimeter of 0~62 mm ~0~024 inches) and the radius of the arcuate outer surface of the fillet was 0.51 mm (00020 inches). The total outer perimeter of the belt tooth was 7~37 mm (00290 inches). Each fillet therefore had an outer perimeter or outer surface area which was 16082% of one half of the total outer perimeter or outer 15 surface area of the belt tooth. The ratio of the radius of the arcuate outer surface of the fillet to the pitch length between adjacent belt teeth was 0~053 to 1.
The belts of the Type II construction were used with pulleys of conventional cross-sectional configuration.
20 The pulleys included eighteen (18) radially projecting trapezoidal teeth having a uniform height of 2~13 mm (oO84 inches)0 The circular pitch of the pulley teeth was 9~55 mm (0.376 inches). In the longitudinal extent of the belt the height of each belt tooth was 0~22 mm 25 (oOO9 inches) less than the height of the pulley teeth or depth of the pulley grooves.
The circumferential dimension of each pulley tooth as measured o~ its dedendum line was 5~28 mm (0~208 inches) ~ 24 _ or about 88% of the circumferential dimension (width) of each belt tooth as measured on its dedendum line.
The circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the tooth flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 4.65 mm (0.183 inches) and the circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two adjacent teeth as measured at the intersection of the confronting flanks ~Tith the addendum line of the pulley teeth was also ~.65 mm (0.183 inches)O
The Type III combinations included a belt having a belt tooth of conventional configuration as in the case of Type IIo Four (~) belt samples were produced having the following dimensions as measured in the longitudinal extent of the belt between the pulleys: the pitch between belt teeth of 12.70 mmtO.500 inches); a width or linear dimension of the base of the belt tooth of 6010 mm (0.240 inches) as measured substantially on the dedendum line of the tooth; a belt tooth height of 2.29 mm (0.090 inches) and a distance between the belt teeth of 6.60 mm (0.260 inches) as measured on the dedendum line of the belt teeth.
Each tooth included a f~llet at each opposite side of the base thereof each having an arcuate outer perimeter of 102~ mm (.049 inches) and a radius of 1.02 mm (0.040 inches). The total outer perimeter of the belt tooth was 9.~0 mm (0.370 inches). Each fillet therefore had an outer perimeter or o~ter surface area which was 26.38%
of one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface . :
.. . . . .
'' ' '' ,.' . . ~ ' - . - - ~
- . . . .
10~8781 area of the belt toothO The ratio of the radius of the arcuate outer surface of the fillet to the pitch length between adjacent belt teeth was 0.080 to 1.
The belts of the Type III construction were tested on conventional pulleys of similar cross section to the pulleys of Type II. The pulleys of Type III
included fourteen (14) pulley teeth of trapezoidal cross section having a height of 2.59 mm (00102 inches). The pitch distance between pulley teeth was 12~70 mm (0.500 inches)~ In the longitudinal extent of the belt the height of each belt tooth of the belts of Type III was 0.305 mm (0.012 inches) less than the height of the pulley teeth or depth of the pulley grooves.
The circumferential dimension of each pulley tooth as measured on its dedendum line was 7.21 mm (0~284 inches) or about 87% of the circumferential dimension (width) of each belt tooth as measured on its dedendum line.
The circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the inter-section of the tangents of the tooth flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 6.27 mm (0.247 inches) and the circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two adjacent teeth as measured at the intersection of the confronting flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 6.12 mm (0.2~1 inches). This circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth was therefore 102.~5% of .
~ - 26 -~ .
. .
~ '- :. ' - . ~
the circumferential distance between adjacent pulley teethO
In the Type IV belt assembly the belts had a tooth configuration of the type shown in Miller US
5 Patent NoO 3~756~091 with the teeth being of a curvi-linear cross-sectional configurationO Three (3 ) belt samples were tested in a belt drive in combination with pulleys of appropriate corresponding contour with the pulley teeth having mating substantially conjugate curvilinear cross-sections. All of the belt samples produced had the folloding dimensions as measured in the longitudi~al extent of the belt between the pulleys: a pitch between belt teeth of 8 mm (0~315 inches): a width -or lineal dimension of the base of the belt tooth of 5018 mm (0~204 inches) as measured substantially on the dedendum line of the tooth; a belt tooth height of 3~60 mm (00142 inches); and a distance between the belt teeth of
2~82 mm (Oolll inches) as measured on the dedendum line of the belt teeth.
Each tooth included a fillet at each opposite side of the base thereof each having an arcuate outer perimeter of 1020 mm (0~047 inches) and a radius of 0~76 mm (oO30 inches). The total outer perimeter of the belt tooth was 11 mm (00430 inches~. Each fillet 25 therefore had an outer perimeter or outer surface area which was 21~86% of one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area of the belt tooth. The ratio of the radius of the arcuate outer surface of the fillet to the pitch - . .
length between adjacent belt teeth was 0,095 to 1.
The belts of the Type IV construction were used with pulleys of the type disclosed in Figure 3 of Miller United States Patent No. 3,756~091 with the pulley teeth being of a curvilinear cross sectional configuration.
The pulleys of the Type IV construction included twenty-two (22) radially projecting teeth having a uniform height of 3.68 mm (0.145 inches)9 The circular pitch of the pulley teeth was 8 mm (0~315 inches). In the longitudinal extent of the belt the height of each belt tooth was .08 mm (0.003 inches) less than the height of the pulley teeth or depth bf the pulley grooves.
Each pulley tooth as measured on its dedendun line had a circumferential dimension of 2.29 mm (0.090 inches).
Each belt tooth therefore had a circumferential dimension closely approximating the lineal dimension of about 2~
to 1 in relation to the circum~erential dimension of -each pulley tooth.
~he circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the tooth flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 1.91 mm (0.075 inches) and the circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two adjacent teeth as measured at the intersection of the confronting flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 5.89 mm (00232 inches). Accordingly~
this circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth was 32043% of the circumferential distance between adjacent pulley teethO
- . . ..
- -.- - . .. ' - :
~ - , - .
10~8781 The belts of Type I, II, III and IV were dynamically tested in accordance with the following procedure. The belts were mounted on a standard water brake tester including a three-pulley arrangement which consisted of a driver~ a driven and an idler pulleyO The belts were tested at a drive load of 8206 watts (11 horsepower) with each belt installed at 600 N(135 lbs) strand tension. In the testing of belts of Type I and II the driver and driven pulleys had an outside diameter of 53.30 mm (2.099 inches) and the backside outer pulley had a diameter of 76.2G mm (3 inches). In the tests of Type III the driver and driven pulleys had an outside diameter of 55.20 mm (2.174 inches) ~ -and the backside outer pulley was of the same dimensions -as in the tests of Types I and II. The belts of Type IV
15 were tested on a driver and driven pulley having an outside ~-diameter of ~9~78 mm (1.960 inches) with the backside idler pulley again having a diameter of 76~20 mm t3 inches).
The belts were tested to failure unless otherwise noted and the lapsed time to the nearest hour to failure of each belt sample is presented in Table A with the average time to failure of each group of belt samples being reported.
TABLE A
(WATER BRAKE TEST) Time to Failure TYPe Belts ~urs) Remarks I 1 1~4 Not tested on same pulleys .. .~: -- 29 _ ~
- .. . .. - - . . - . ~ -. - ` ~' . ' ' . . ' ' ~
10t~7~1 Time to Failure TyPeBelts (Hours) _ Remarks
Each tooth included a fillet at each opposite side of the base thereof each having an arcuate outer perimeter of 1020 mm (0~047 inches) and a radius of 0~76 mm (oO30 inches). The total outer perimeter of the belt tooth was 11 mm (00430 inches~. Each fillet 25 therefore had an outer perimeter or outer surface area which was 21~86% of one half of the total outer perimeter or outer surface area of the belt tooth. The ratio of the radius of the arcuate outer surface of the fillet to the pitch - . .
length between adjacent belt teeth was 0,095 to 1.
The belts of the Type IV construction were used with pulleys of the type disclosed in Figure 3 of Miller United States Patent No. 3,756~091 with the pulley teeth being of a curvilinear cross sectional configuration.
The pulleys of the Type IV construction included twenty-two (22) radially projecting teeth having a uniform height of 3.68 mm (0.145 inches)9 The circular pitch of the pulley teeth was 8 mm (0~315 inches). In the longitudinal extent of the belt the height of each belt tooth was .08 mm (0.003 inches) less than the height of the pulley teeth or depth bf the pulley grooves.
Each pulley tooth as measured on its dedendun line had a circumferential dimension of 2.29 mm (0.090 inches).
Each belt tooth therefore had a circumferential dimension closely approximating the lineal dimension of about 2~
to 1 in relation to the circum~erential dimension of -each pulley tooth.
~he circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the tooth flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 1.91 mm (0.075 inches) and the circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two adjacent teeth as measured at the intersection of the confronting flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth was 5.89 mm (00232 inches). Accordingly~
this circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth was 32043% of the circumferential distance between adjacent pulley teethO
- . . ..
- -.- - . .. ' - :
~ - , - .
10~8781 The belts of Type I, II, III and IV were dynamically tested in accordance with the following procedure. The belts were mounted on a standard water brake tester including a three-pulley arrangement which consisted of a driver~ a driven and an idler pulleyO The belts were tested at a drive load of 8206 watts (11 horsepower) with each belt installed at 600 N(135 lbs) strand tension. In the testing of belts of Type I and II the driver and driven pulleys had an outside diameter of 53.30 mm (2.099 inches) and the backside outer pulley had a diameter of 76.2G mm (3 inches). In the tests of Type III the driver and driven pulleys had an outside diameter of 55.20 mm (2.174 inches) ~ -and the backside outer pulley was of the same dimensions -as in the tests of Types I and II. The belts of Type IV
15 were tested on a driver and driven pulley having an outside ~-diameter of ~9~78 mm (1.960 inches) with the backside idler pulley again having a diameter of 76~20 mm t3 inches).
The belts were tested to failure unless otherwise noted and the lapsed time to the nearest hour to failure of each belt sample is presented in Table A with the average time to failure of each group of belt samples being reported.
TABLE A
(WATER BRAKE TEST) Time to Failure TYPe Belts ~urs) Remarks I 1 1~4 Not tested on same pulleys .. .~: -- 29 _ ~
- .. . .. - - . . - . ~ -. - ` ~' . ' ' . . ' ' ~
10t~7~1 Time to Failure TyPeBelts (Hours) _ Remarks
3 248 Machine Failure
4 33 Removed prior to failure - Not tested 12 1 Defective belt 409 Avg 216 Avg 192 Avg IV 1 423 :-3 ~ Removed prior to failure 379 Avg The data in Table A indicate that the belts and pulleys of Type I having the unique belt and pulley toothed profiles of the present invention have a significantly improved belt life over belts and pulleys of Types II, III
and IV having belt and pulley tooth profiles of the prior art.
Furthermore~ the drives including the belts and pulleys of Type I were observed to operate with less noise and ~ibration than in thosedrives including the belts and pulleys of Types II~ III and IV.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention~ it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
" , .... ...
.
and IV having belt and pulley tooth profiles of the prior art.
Furthermore~ the drives including the belts and pulleys of Type I were observed to operate with less noise and ~ibration than in thosedrives including the belts and pulleys of Types II~ III and IV.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention~ it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
" , .... ...
.
Claims (5)
1. A toothed pulley for use with a toothed power transmission belt, said pulley having a plurality of uniformly spaced radially projecting teeth, each said tooth as viewed in planes perpendicular to the rotational axis of the pulley comprising a base portion, an outermost portion spaced from said base portion and opposite side portions extending from the ends of said base portion joining the ends of the outermost portion to thereby define the pulley tooth profile, said outermost portion having an arcuate outer perimeter formed by the arcs of two circles of equal radius and whose center points lie within said tooth an equal distance from the radial center line of said tooth and with one of said arcuate perimeters being within 40-60% of one half of the total outer perimeter of said tooth.
2. The pulley as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the circumferential dimension of the cross section of each pulley tooth as measured at the intersection of the tangents of the flanks thereof with the addendum line of the pulley teeth is equal to or less than the circumferential distance between the confronting flanks of any two said adjacent pulley teeth as measured at the intersection of the tangents of said confronting flanks with the addendum line of the pulley teeth.
3. The pulley as claimed in Claim 2 wherein said circumferential dimension of each said pulley tooth is from about 60 to about 90% of said circumferential distance between any two said pulley teeth.
4. The pulley as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said arcuate outer perimeter formed by the arcs of two circles has a flat portion therebetween having a linear dimension less than the length of any one said arc.
5. The pulley as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the radius R of said arc is equal to 0.165 P + 0.0012 P (N-9) wherein P = The circular pitch of the pulley teeth and N = The number of pulley teeth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA340,961A CA1088781A (en) | 1975-12-18 | 1979-11-30 | Belt drive including toothed belts and toothed pulleys of improved tooth configurations |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US642,089 | 1975-12-18 | ||
| US05/642,089 US4041789A (en) | 1975-12-18 | 1975-12-18 | Belt drive including toothed belts and toothed pulleys of improved tooth configurations |
| CA265,686A CA1076842A (en) | 1975-12-18 | 1976-11-15 | Belt drive including toothed belts and toothed pulleys of improved tooth configurations |
| CA340,961A CA1088781A (en) | 1975-12-18 | 1979-11-30 | Belt drive including toothed belts and toothed pulleys of improved tooth configurations |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1088781A true CA1088781A (en) | 1980-11-04 |
Family
ID=27164771
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA340,961A Expired CA1088781A (en) | 1975-12-18 | 1979-11-30 | Belt drive including toothed belts and toothed pulleys of improved tooth configurations |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1088781A (en) |
-
1979
- 1979-11-30 CA CA340,961A patent/CA1088781A/en not_active Expired
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