CA1087869A - Combustible gases detector - Google Patents
Combustible gases detectorInfo
- Publication number
- CA1087869A CA1087869A CA349,956A CA349956A CA1087869A CA 1087869 A CA1087869 A CA 1087869A CA 349956 A CA349956 A CA 349956A CA 1087869 A CA1087869 A CA 1087869A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- thermocouple
- junction
- combustible gases
- catalytic
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A differential thermocouple combustible gases detector is provided by coating one thermocouple junction of a differential thermocouple pair with a catalyst and the other thermocouple junction with a non-catalyst. Heated combustible gases react with the catalyst to liberate heat to the catalyst coated thermocouple junction in proportion to the concentration of combustible gases and proportionally raise the temperature of that junction above the non-catalyst coated junction. The out-put signal from the differential thermocouple device is thus a signal indicative of the concentration of combustible gases.
A differential thermocouple combustible gases detector is provided by coating one thermocouple junction of a differential thermocouple pair with a catalyst and the other thermocouple junction with a non-catalyst. Heated combustible gases react with the catalyst to liberate heat to the catalyst coated thermocouple junction in proportion to the concentration of combustible gases and proportionally raise the temperature of that junction above the non-catalyst coated junction. The out-put signal from the differential thermocouple device is thus a signal indicative of the concentration of combustible gases.
Description
~'78~5~
BACKGROUND OF THE INVEN'I':[ON
Field o~ the Invention -The present invention relates to combustibles detectors generally and p~rt cularly to differential thermocouple devices modified to detect combustible gases.
Description of the Prior _ Combustible gases detectors are known which utilize electrically heated platinum filaments exhibiting resistance changes in response to variable concentrations of combustible ~ 10 gases. The resistance change of such devices is notoriously -~ s~all requiring their use in a Wheatstone bridge arrangement.
This arrangement increases the cost of the device. An example of such a device may be found in U.S. Patent No. 3,092,799 issued -, . .
June 4, 1963 to A.R. Baker.
Along with the required use of a Wheatstone bridge these -known devices have other shortcomings. A constant current power supply or other regulated excitation source is required and the ; devices exhibit drift rates which are too large to permit industrially stable operation at low combustibles concentrations.
. :~
` 20 Part of the drift problem comes about because the nominal re-f sistance value of these sensors is the order of 1.00 ohm and the presence of combustibles causes typical resistance increases to 1.04 ohms. Resistance changes of this magnitude are too close in size to the kinds of changes experienced due to fluctuations in contact resistance, electromigration, grain growth, etc.
Differential thermocouples are also known for use in thermal ! analysis as evidenced by U.S. Patent No. 3,491,581 issued January 27, 1970 to F.E. Roberts. However the applicant is un-, aware of any prior art device using such differential thermo-30 couples coated with a catalyst and a non-catalyst to provide a , self-powered, inexpensive and stable combustible gases detector.
,; ^, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention a differential
BACKGROUND OF THE INVEN'I':[ON
Field o~ the Invention -The present invention relates to combustibles detectors generally and p~rt cularly to differential thermocouple devices modified to detect combustible gases.
Description of the Prior _ Combustible gases detectors are known which utilize electrically heated platinum filaments exhibiting resistance changes in response to variable concentrations of combustible ~ 10 gases. The resistance change of such devices is notoriously -~ s~all requiring their use in a Wheatstone bridge arrangement.
This arrangement increases the cost of the device. An example of such a device may be found in U.S. Patent No. 3,092,799 issued -, . .
June 4, 1963 to A.R. Baker.
Along with the required use of a Wheatstone bridge these -known devices have other shortcomings. A constant current power supply or other regulated excitation source is required and the ; devices exhibit drift rates which are too large to permit industrially stable operation at low combustibles concentrations.
. :~
` 20 Part of the drift problem comes about because the nominal re-f sistance value of these sensors is the order of 1.00 ohm and the presence of combustibles causes typical resistance increases to 1.04 ohms. Resistance changes of this magnitude are too close in size to the kinds of changes experienced due to fluctuations in contact resistance, electromigration, grain growth, etc.
Differential thermocouples are also known for use in thermal ! analysis as evidenced by U.S. Patent No. 3,491,581 issued January 27, 1970 to F.E. Roberts. However the applicant is un-, aware of any prior art device using such differential thermo-30 couples coated with a catalyst and a non-catalyst to provide a , self-powered, inexpensive and stable combustible gases detector.
,; ^, SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention a differential
-2-.~ ~
~. .
thermocouple combustible gases detector is provided which is inexpensive~ compact, self-powered and stable. One thermocouple junction of a thermocoupl~ pair is coated with catalytic material such as platinum to allow heated cornbustible gases such as carbon monoxide to chemically react with the catalyst to liberate heat and to raise the temperature of the coated thermocouple junction above ambient in proportion to the concentration of the combustible gases. The other thermocouple junction of the thermocouple pair is coated with a non-catalytic material such as a refractory c~ment to prevent any reaction at that junction a~lowing that junction to only monitor ambient temperature. ~he connection oE the thermocouple pair in opposition allows the ambient temperature signals sensed by both thermocouple junctions to cancel leaving only the temperature increase over ambient caused by the reaction of combustible gases with the catalyst on the catalyst coated thermocouple junction. The differential thermocouple thus establishes a signal proportional to the con-centration of combustible gases independent of the ambient temperature.
In one specific embodiment of the invention the catalyst coated junction is formed by crimping a platinum tube around the junction and then coating the tube with platinum paste to further increase the surface area of the catalyst. The non-catalyst junction is formed by crimping a soft metal tube such as a brass tube around the junction and coating the tube with refractory cement.
:, , In certain situations the combustible gases may have to be heated to a threshold temperature at which they will react with ` the catalyst. A coil heater is then mounted around the two ; . . .
,~ 3Q thermocouple junctions to heat the combustible gases. Since sulfur i5 present in some mixtures containing combustible gases the catalyst must be maintained above the dew point of sulfuric ;;,~
acid to prevent condensation of the acid on the catalyst and the
~. .
thermocouple combustible gases detector is provided which is inexpensive~ compact, self-powered and stable. One thermocouple junction of a thermocoupl~ pair is coated with catalytic material such as platinum to allow heated cornbustible gases such as carbon monoxide to chemically react with the catalyst to liberate heat and to raise the temperature of the coated thermocouple junction above ambient in proportion to the concentration of the combustible gases. The other thermocouple junction of the thermocouple pair is coated with a non-catalytic material such as a refractory c~ment to prevent any reaction at that junction a~lowing that junction to only monitor ambient temperature. ~he connection oE the thermocouple pair in opposition allows the ambient temperature signals sensed by both thermocouple junctions to cancel leaving only the temperature increase over ambient caused by the reaction of combustible gases with the catalyst on the catalyst coated thermocouple junction. The differential thermocouple thus establishes a signal proportional to the con-centration of combustible gases independent of the ambient temperature.
In one specific embodiment of the invention the catalyst coated junction is formed by crimping a platinum tube around the junction and then coating the tube with platinum paste to further increase the surface area of the catalyst. The non-catalyst junction is formed by crimping a soft metal tube such as a brass tube around the junction and coating the tube with refractory cement.
:, , In certain situations the combustible gases may have to be heated to a threshold temperature at which they will react with ` the catalyst. A coil heater is then mounted around the two ; . . .
,~ 3Q thermocouple junctions to heat the combustible gases. Since sulfur i5 present in some mixtures containing combustible gases the catalyst must be maintained above the dew point of sulfuric ;;,~
acid to prevent condensation of the acid on the catalyst and the
-3-:
l'poisoning" of che catalyst. In such situations the heater output is raised to main-tain the ~mbient temperature of -the junctions a-t approximately 800F.
In view of th~ foregoing it will be seen that one aspect of the present invention is to provide a difEerential thermocouple combustible gases detector.
Another aspect of the present inven~ion is to provide a heated combustible gases detector which will insure that the ; combustible gases are above the reaction threshold temperature and prevent acid condensation on the catalyst.
~- , These and other aspects of the present invention will be more fully understood upon consideration of the following ~ description of the preferred embodiment in conjunction with the ; associated drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a side view of the combustible gases detector of ~.:
` the present inventionO
, Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the Fig. 1 detector.
;- Fig. 3 is an expanded cut-away side view of the thermocouple , '~ 20 junctions of the Fig. 1 detector.
Fig. 4 is a graphical representation of the output signal variation of the Fig. 1 detector in response to CO concentration in a gas mixture.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
.
~ Referring now to the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 disclose a ,~ combustible gases detector assembly 10 mounted to a block 12 by ~' screws 14. The block 12 is designed to allow flue gases which .1 .
include air diluted combustible gases to flow through the block 12 from an inlet 16 to an outlet 18 so as to come in contact with .. ... .
the detector assembly 10. The block 12 may be a part of a . . .
complete gas sampling analyzing system also including an oxygen detector as is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,960,500 issued June 1, 1976 which provides for recirculation of flue gases from . .
, . ~
l'poisoning" of che catalyst. In such situations the heater output is raised to main-tain the ~mbient temperature of -the junctions a-t approximately 800F.
In view of th~ foregoing it will be seen that one aspect of the present invention is to provide a difEerential thermocouple combustible gases detector.
Another aspect of the present inven~ion is to provide a heated combustible gases detector which will insure that the ; combustible gases are above the reaction threshold temperature and prevent acid condensation on the catalyst.
~- , These and other aspects of the present invention will be more fully understood upon consideration of the following ~ description of the preferred embodiment in conjunction with the ; associated drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a side view of the combustible gases detector of ~.:
` the present inventionO
, Fig. 2 is a bottom plan view of the Fig. 1 detector.
;- Fig. 3 is an expanded cut-away side view of the thermocouple , '~ 20 junctions of the Fig. 1 detector.
Fig. 4 is a graphical representation of the output signal variation of the Fig. 1 detector in response to CO concentration in a gas mixture.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
.
~ Referring now to the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2 disclose a ,~ combustible gases detector assembly 10 mounted to a block 12 by ~' screws 14. The block 12 is designed to allow flue gases which .1 .
include air diluted combustible gases to flow through the block 12 from an inlet 16 to an outlet 18 so as to come in contact with .. ... .
the detector assembly 10. The block 12 may be a part of a . . .
complete gas sampling analyzing system also including an oxygen detector as is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,960,500 issued June 1, 1976 which provides for recirculation of flue gases from . .
, . ~
-4-~,:
'78ti~9 duct ~nd back thereto. Further det~.ils of such a gas sampling analyzing system are available in the mentioned patent and the reader is referred thereto for any further required clarification.
The detector ~ssembly 10 includes a metal block 20 having mounting 1anges 22 through which the screws 14 sealably mount the detector assembly 10 to the block 12. Thin wall tubing 24 is ~; pressed onto the block 20 on both ends of the flanges 22 to ex-tend beyond the ends of the me~al block 20 and to provide a protected space 26 at both ends of the metal block 20. Two pairs of electrical leads 28 and 30 are extended through the block 20 to b~ electrically isolated therefrom and to have ends extending into the spaces 26. The electrical leads 28 and 30 are brass with gold flash; however, nickel has also been found to be a suitable matexial.
The heart of the detector assembly 10 is a differential : ., thermocouple assembly 32 connected across the electrical leads 30.
~ ; As may be best seen in Fig. 3, the differential thermocouple!
;~ assembly 32, a first thermocouple junction 34, and a second thermocouple junction 36 is provided by overlapping the ends of Alumel* wires 38 and 40 with a common connecting wire 42 of ; Chromel*. As is known, the thermocouple junctions 34 and 36 will induce opposing millivoltage signals depending on the temper-atures of the respective junctions 34 and 36. These millivoltage ,:;
signals will be transmitted along the electrical leads 30 by virtue of the connection of the thermocouple assembly 32 thereto to a voltmeter 44 connected to the opposite ends of the elect-. . .
rical leads 30. To have the thermocouple assembly 32 act as a " . I .
combustible gases detector, the respective thermocouple junctions 34 and 36 must be coated with catalytic material and non-catalytic ~;: 30 material. To accomplish this, as well as allow for ease of manufacture, the thermocouple junction 34 is formed by threading ' the ends of the Chromel wire 38 and one end of the Alumel wire 42 into a platinum tube 46 and crimping the platinum tube 46 onto *Trade Marks
'78ti~9 duct ~nd back thereto. Further det~.ils of such a gas sampling analyzing system are available in the mentioned patent and the reader is referred thereto for any further required clarification.
The detector ~ssembly 10 includes a metal block 20 having mounting 1anges 22 through which the screws 14 sealably mount the detector assembly 10 to the block 12. Thin wall tubing 24 is ~; pressed onto the block 20 on both ends of the flanges 22 to ex-tend beyond the ends of the me~al block 20 and to provide a protected space 26 at both ends of the metal block 20. Two pairs of electrical leads 28 and 30 are extended through the block 20 to b~ electrically isolated therefrom and to have ends extending into the spaces 26. The electrical leads 28 and 30 are brass with gold flash; however, nickel has also been found to be a suitable matexial.
The heart of the detector assembly 10 is a differential : ., thermocouple assembly 32 connected across the electrical leads 30.
~ ; As may be best seen in Fig. 3, the differential thermocouple!
;~ assembly 32, a first thermocouple junction 34, and a second thermocouple junction 36 is provided by overlapping the ends of Alumel* wires 38 and 40 with a common connecting wire 42 of ; Chromel*. As is known, the thermocouple junctions 34 and 36 will induce opposing millivoltage signals depending on the temper-atures of the respective junctions 34 and 36. These millivoltage ,:;
signals will be transmitted along the electrical leads 30 by virtue of the connection of the thermocouple assembly 32 thereto to a voltmeter 44 connected to the opposite ends of the elect-. . .
rical leads 30. To have the thermocouple assembly 32 act as a " . I .
combustible gases detector, the respective thermocouple junctions 34 and 36 must be coated with catalytic material and non-catalytic ~;: 30 material. To accomplish this, as well as allow for ease of manufacture, the thermocouple junction 34 is formed by threading ' the ends of the Chromel wire 38 and one end of the Alumel wire 42 into a platinum tube 46 and crimping the platinum tube 46 onto *Trade Marks
-5-, . ~;.
:he ends of the mentioned wires. Platinum is a known catalytic material and is used in the preferred embodiment, although other known material such as palladium could a]so have been used. To further increase t7ne surface area of the catalyst, platinum paste 48 is coated around the platinum tube 46 and the assembly baked at 1000F to solidify the paste and to form a catalytic thermo-couple junction.
The thermocouple junction 36 is formed into a non-catalytic ~ .
' ~ thermocouple junction by threading the ends of the Chromel wire ~-40 and the common Alumel wire 42 into a brass tube 50 and crimping th~e tube 5G onto the thermocouple junction 36 to retain it there-, . .
to. To further insure the non-catalytic aspects of the thermo-couple junction 36, the brass tube 50 is coated with a resistor cement 52 which is known as Sauereisen* No. 7 resistor cement commercially available and being composed of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide among other elements. Coating the brass tube 50 with resistor cement matches the thermal mass of the non-catalytic ~i junction with that of the catalytic junction to equalize the transient thermal response of the two junctions~
: . ~
, ~0 The ability of the described catalytic and non-catalytic -,, , , ~ coated thermocouple junctions to operate as a combustible gases detector rests on the faet that combustibles such as carbon mon-~; oxide and methane will react with oxygen in the presence of a heated catalyst such as platinum to form carbon dioxide and ,:
liberate heat to the catalyst according to the following chemical equations;
,, 2C0 + 2 ~ 2C02 -~ heat CH4 + 202 ~ C02 + 2H20 + heat The catalyst must be heated to a threshold temperature at which ~ 30 the above reactions take place. For platinum this threshold ;~ temperature is around 400F.
;,, ' To insure that the gases flowing through the catalytic and '~ i non-catalytic coated thermocouple junctions are above the *Trade Mark
:he ends of the mentioned wires. Platinum is a known catalytic material and is used in the preferred embodiment, although other known material such as palladium could a]so have been used. To further increase t7ne surface area of the catalyst, platinum paste 48 is coated around the platinum tube 46 and the assembly baked at 1000F to solidify the paste and to form a catalytic thermo-couple junction.
The thermocouple junction 36 is formed into a non-catalytic ~ .
' ~ thermocouple junction by threading the ends of the Chromel wire ~-40 and the common Alumel wire 42 into a brass tube 50 and crimping th~e tube 5G onto the thermocouple junction 36 to retain it there-, . .
to. To further insure the non-catalytic aspects of the thermo-couple junction 36, the brass tube 50 is coated with a resistor cement 52 which is known as Sauereisen* No. 7 resistor cement commercially available and being composed of aluminum oxide and silicon oxide among other elements. Coating the brass tube 50 with resistor cement matches the thermal mass of the non-catalytic ~i junction with that of the catalytic junction to equalize the transient thermal response of the two junctions~
: . ~
, ~0 The ability of the described catalytic and non-catalytic -,, , , ~ coated thermocouple junctions to operate as a combustible gases detector rests on the faet that combustibles such as carbon mon-~; oxide and methane will react with oxygen in the presence of a heated catalyst such as platinum to form carbon dioxide and ,:
liberate heat to the catalyst according to the following chemical equations;
,, 2C0 + 2 ~ 2C02 -~ heat CH4 + 202 ~ C02 + 2H20 + heat The catalyst must be heated to a threshold temperature at which ~ 30 the above reactions take place. For platinum this threshold ;~ temperature is around 400F.
;,, ' To insure that the gases flowing through the catalytic and '~ i non-catalytic coated thermocouple junctions are above the *Trade Mark
-6-, .11 (~'7~ 9 threshold temperature of ~00F a spiral heater 54 is wrapped around the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34 and the non-catalytic coated thermocouple junction 36. The heater 54 is connected across t~e electrical leads 28 with the opposite ends of the electrical leads 28 being connected to a suitable power source 56 which provides energy to the heatex 54. Since sulfur dioxide is present along with certain combustible gases in the combustion of fossil fuels, a problem of poisoning the catalyst 48 may occur. Sulfur dioxide may react with hydrogen to form sulfuric acid which could condense on the platinum paste and cause the catalytic action to deteriorate. The applicant has found that by setting the heater 54 to maintain a temperature of `~ approximately 800F in the ambient of the catalytic coated thermo-couple 34, the thermocouple 34 is maintained at a temperature at which the sensor 10 output is substantially linear. This temperature is also above the normal dew point of sulfuric acid, ~` thereby preventing condensation of the acid onto the catalytic surface and preventing deterioration of the catalyst thereby.
From the foregoing it will be now readily seen that the thermocouple assembly 32 is ideally suited to monitor combustibles in the flue gases entering the inlet 16 and exiting through the outlet 18. Depending on how complete the combustion in the combustion process will be, different amounts of combustible gases such as carbon monoxide will be produced. The carbon monoxide will react with the platinum on the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34 to produce carbon dioxide and liberate heat to the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34. The more carbon mon-oxide is present in the flue gases, the more carbon dioxide will ; be produced and the more heat will be liberated to the catalytic ccated thermocouple junction 34. The non-catalytic coated thermo-couple junction 36 will not provide any kind of a reaction liber-ating heat to the ~unction 36 and as such will only measure the ambient temperature common to both the non-catalytic coated
From the foregoing it will be now readily seen that the thermocouple assembly 32 is ideally suited to monitor combustibles in the flue gases entering the inlet 16 and exiting through the outlet 18. Depending on how complete the combustion in the combustion process will be, different amounts of combustible gases such as carbon monoxide will be produced. The carbon monoxide will react with the platinum on the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34 to produce carbon dioxide and liberate heat to the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34. The more carbon mon-oxide is present in the flue gases, the more carbon dioxide will ; be produced and the more heat will be liberated to the catalytic ccated thermocouple junction 34. The non-catalytic coated thermo-couple junction 36 will not provide any kind of a reaction liber-ating heat to the ~unction 36 and as such will only measure the ambient temperature common to both the non-catalytic coated
-7-.
~t78~
thermocouple junction 36 and the catalytic coated thermocouple~unction 34. Because oE the electrical connection of the two coated thermocouple junctions 34 and 36 and their sharing of a common ambient temp2rature, the ambient temperature effect will be cancelled out, leaving only the temperature rlse above ambient produced at the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34 as a result of the chemical reaction occurring at the platinum sur-face 48. Referring to Fig. 4, it may be seen that varying con-centrations of carbon monoxide will produce a corresponding - 10 variable millivoltage output at the voltmeter 44 as a result of tpe variable heat liberated to the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34 dependent on the concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gases. The millivoltmeter 44 may be thus calibrated according to the chart disclosed in Fig. 4 to provide a direct readout of the percent concentration of combustible gases such as ; carbon monoxide in the flue gases passing by the detector assembly 10.
. ,.
To insure that no other catalytic reaction occurs at various elements of the detector assembly 10 which would influence the ..
measure of combustible gases by the detector assembly 10, special ; care must be taken in the choice of metals used for forming the thermocouple junctions or the heater~ As a precaution, the applicant has found it desirable to COdt the heater 54 with resistor cement such as Sauereisen. Similarly, there is a possibility that the chromel-alumel thermocouple wires may be ` attacked by sulfuric acid fumes. As a precaution from such attack as well as to prevent any possible catalytic reaction on the wires, such wires could also be coated with Sauereisen resistor cement.
It may also be desirable to use other materials for the thermo-couple wires such as Platinel I and II, which are a well-known ,~ .
platinum material thermosouple wire. The use of such Platinel wires would ~ery definitely require the coating of such wires , ; with resistor cement such as Sauereisen because of the catalytic .~ .
~ -8-., action that would occur on such wire~.
Certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification. It will be understood that all such improvements and modifications have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but axe properly within the scope of the followin~ claims.
., .
,~
. i :
' '' ' '~
:,~ .
:.:
:' ; .
,` ~
.1 , _9_ ~' '
~t78~
thermocouple junction 36 and the catalytic coated thermocouple~unction 34. Because oE the electrical connection of the two coated thermocouple junctions 34 and 36 and their sharing of a common ambient temp2rature, the ambient temperature effect will be cancelled out, leaving only the temperature rlse above ambient produced at the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34 as a result of the chemical reaction occurring at the platinum sur-face 48. Referring to Fig. 4, it may be seen that varying con-centrations of carbon monoxide will produce a corresponding - 10 variable millivoltage output at the voltmeter 44 as a result of tpe variable heat liberated to the catalytic coated thermocouple junction 34 dependent on the concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gases. The millivoltmeter 44 may be thus calibrated according to the chart disclosed in Fig. 4 to provide a direct readout of the percent concentration of combustible gases such as ; carbon monoxide in the flue gases passing by the detector assembly 10.
. ,.
To insure that no other catalytic reaction occurs at various elements of the detector assembly 10 which would influence the ..
measure of combustible gases by the detector assembly 10, special ; care must be taken in the choice of metals used for forming the thermocouple junctions or the heater~ As a precaution, the applicant has found it desirable to COdt the heater 54 with resistor cement such as Sauereisen. Similarly, there is a possibility that the chromel-alumel thermocouple wires may be ` attacked by sulfuric acid fumes. As a precaution from such attack as well as to prevent any possible catalytic reaction on the wires, such wires could also be coated with Sauereisen resistor cement.
It may also be desirable to use other materials for the thermo-couple wires such as Platinel I and II, which are a well-known ,~ .
platinum material thermosouple wire. The use of such Platinel wires would ~ery definitely require the coating of such wires , ; with resistor cement such as Sauereisen because of the catalytic .~ .
~ -8-., action that would occur on such wire~.
Certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading this specification. It will be understood that all such improvements and modifications have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but axe properly within the scope of the followin~ claims.
., .
,~
. i :
' '' ' '~
:,~ .
:.:
:' ; .
,` ~
.1 , _9_ ~' '
Claims
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A detector for monitoring combustible gases in an air-stream comprising:
a first thermocouple junction located in the airstream, a second thermocouple junction located in the airstream, catalytic means formed around said first thermocouple junction allowing heated combustibles in the airstream to react with said catalytic means to liberate heat and increase the temperature of said first thermocouple above that of said second thermocouple, insulation means formed around said second thermocouple junction to prevent combustibles in the airstream from reacting with said second thermocouple junction to liberate heat, and heater means for maintaining the temperature of said first and said second thermocouple junctions above a predetermined temperature below which combustibles in the airstream will not react with the catalytic means on said first thermocouple junction, said heater means maintaining the temperature of said first and second thermocouple junction at approximately 800°F
to prevent acid condensation on the catalytic means.
a first thermocouple junction located in the airstream, a second thermocouple junction located in the airstream, catalytic means formed around said first thermocouple junction allowing heated combustibles in the airstream to react with said catalytic means to liberate heat and increase the temperature of said first thermocouple above that of said second thermocouple, insulation means formed around said second thermocouple junction to prevent combustibles in the airstream from reacting with said second thermocouple junction to liberate heat, and heater means for maintaining the temperature of said first and said second thermocouple junctions above a predetermined temperature below which combustibles in the airstream will not react with the catalytic means on said first thermocouple junction, said heater means maintaining the temperature of said first and second thermocouple junction at approximately 800°F
to prevent acid condensation on the catalytic means.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA349,956A CA1087869A (en) | 1976-09-20 | 1980-04-16 | Combustible gases detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US724,682 | 1976-09-20 | ||
| US05/724,682 US4063898A (en) | 1976-09-20 | 1976-09-20 | Combustible gases detector |
| CA286,977A CA1086094A (en) | 1976-09-20 | 1977-09-19 | Combustible gases detector |
| CA349,956A CA1087869A (en) | 1976-09-20 | 1980-04-16 | Combustible gases detector |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1087869A true CA1087869A (en) | 1980-10-21 |
Family
ID=27165288
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA349,956A Expired CA1087869A (en) | 1976-09-20 | 1980-04-16 | Combustible gases detector |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1087869A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114295677A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 西南石油大学 | Waste oil and gas well plugging experimental method based on thermite fusion effect |
-
1980
- 1980-04-16 CA CA349,956A patent/CA1087869A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114295677A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-08 | 西南石油大学 | Waste oil and gas well plugging experimental method based on thermite fusion effect |
| CN114295677B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-09-01 | 西南石油大学 | Abandoned oil and gas well plugging experiment method based on aluminothermic melting effect |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4063898A (en) | Combustible gases detector | |
| US4584867A (en) | Device for selectively determining the components of gas mixtures by means of a gas sensor | |
| US4005001A (en) | Combustibles sensor | |
| Sears et al. | Algorithms to improve the selectivity of thermally-cycled tin oxide gas sensors | |
| US4298574A (en) | Hydrogen gas detector | |
| US4541988A (en) | Constant temperature catalytic gas detection instrument | |
| US4128458A (en) | Combustible element and oxygen concentration sensor | |
| US4141955A (en) | Combustible concentration analyzer | |
| EP0314919B1 (en) | Combustible gas detector having temperature stabilization capability | |
| US4134818A (en) | Solid electrolyte sensor for monitoring combustibles in an oxygen containing environment | |
| US5709792A (en) | Method of characterizing a gas mixture by catalytic oxidation | |
| US4870025A (en) | Method of sensing methane gas-I | |
| CA1109522A (en) | Oxygen concentration analyzer | |
| US4325912A (en) | Carbon monoxide detection apparatus | |
| EP0432962B1 (en) | Flammable gas detection | |
| WO1987001453A1 (en) | In-stream gas sensor | |
| US4190499A (en) | Combustibles sensor | |
| CA1087869A (en) | Combustible gases detector | |
| CA1096197A (en) | Apparatus for measuring excess oxygen or combustibles in a gaseous sample of a combustion process | |
| US5070024A (en) | Hydrocarbon detector utilizing catalytic cracking | |
| CA1087868A (en) | Combustible gases detector | |
| US4663017A (en) | Combustibles sensor | |
| US4222900A (en) | Method of activating a palladium-silver alloy | |
| US4835108A (en) | Method for measuring free oxygen in a combustible atmosphere | |
| EP0275936A2 (en) | Organic fluid detection apparatus |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |