CA1084644A - Clay-cement mortars and to the products made with said mortars - Google Patents
Clay-cement mortars and to the products made with said mortarsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1084644A CA1084644A CA282,579A CA282579A CA1084644A CA 1084644 A CA1084644 A CA 1084644A CA 282579 A CA282579 A CA 282579A CA 1084644 A CA1084644 A CA 1084644A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- clay
- cement
- dry weight
- mortar
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0004—Compounds chosen for the nature of their cations
- C04B2103/0005—Organic ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0068—Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00
- C04B2103/0094—Agents for altering or buffering the pH; Ingredients characterised by their pH
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention provides a clay/cement mortar which sets without cracking to a product having good mechanical properties, the mortar containing cement, clay in an amount by weight greater than that of the cement, gauging water, and an additive chosen from urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins and their derivatives, the dry weight of additive being between 1 and 20% of the total dry weight of the clay cement.
The invention provides a clay/cement mortar which sets without cracking to a product having good mechanical properties, the mortar containing cement, clay in an amount by weight greater than that of the cement, gauging water, and an additive chosen from urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde resins and their derivatives, the dry weight of additive being between 1 and 20% of the total dry weight of the clay cement.
Description
4l~
The invention concerns a mortar based on clay and cement with a proportion by weight of clay at least equal to that of cement, a mortar resulting in finished products which are at the same time inexpensive and of quality, in particular as regards their mechanical resistance and the sub-stantial absence of cracking or shrinkage.
It also concerns methods of preparation and use of these mortars as well as the products made by means of the latter.
It will be recalled that it is already known for a mortar to be made by mixing or "gauging" clay, cement in a proportion by weight at most equal to that of the clay, "gauging", water and certain mineral adjuvants such as sodium phosphates, sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate; these adjuvants exert in general a defloculating or wetting effect, allowing the gauging water to disperse better in the mixture of clay and cement.
The inventors have discovered that such a deflocculating effect ~ -even if it perhaps facilitates the mixing itself, leads to mediocre character-:., istics of resistance and cohesion for the finished products after setting.
With the present invention, on the other hand, in addition to the gauging water, there is added to the clay-cement mixture a hydrophilic agent, capable of increasing the thixotropy of the mixture and cross-linking the pro-duct by polymerization during the subsequent setting.
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a mortarcomprising a cement, clay in a proportion by weight at least equal to that of the cement, gauging water, and additive selected from the group consisting of urea-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereo and melamine-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereo~, the dry weight of additive present being between 1 and 20% of the total dry weight of the clay and cement.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of preparing a mortar which comprises mixing cement, clay in a proportion by weight at least equal to that of the cement, gauging water, a~d additlves selected from the group consisting of urea-ormaldehyde resins and derivatives thereof and melamine-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereof, the dry weight of said additive being between 1 and 20% of the total dry weight of the clay and s ~ ~ - 2 -` ~0~4644 :
cement.
Furthermore, the invention provides in a set clay/cement product in which the amount by weight of clay at least equalsthat of the cement and in which a cross-linking agent is polymerised the improvement which comprises reinforceMent dispersed through said product, said réinforcement comprising cured resin selected rom the group consisting of cured urea-formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde resins and derivations thereof: .
, ~ ~ ' '. . . ' . .. :. .
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In preferred emb~dimerlt5 use is made of one and~or other of the following features :
- the proportion by weight of clay in the clay-cement mixture is between 2 and 4 times that of the cement, - the clay used is basic ~pH greater than 8) or rendered basic by the addition of silicates and/or of sodium aluminates, - before mixing the clay with the cement, the quantity of adsorbed water'present in this clay is reduced by adding to it an additive, which is a flocculantand/or capable of giving the-clay water-repellent properties,in a proportion by dry weight of the order of 0.5 to 5 parts per thousand based on the dry weight ,of the clay, - in a 'method according to the preceding paragraph, the additive ls a flocculant constituted by polyeiectrolytes of the polyacrylamide type or by cationic derivativss such as quaternary ammonium salts, or is a water-repellent based on fatty amines, '' - there is added to the clay cellulose or one of its derivates in the form of a very fine powder or ln solution in a solvent neutral to . .
. . .
. . cement, at a dry weight percentage between 3 and 30% based on the dry wzight of the clay~
- there i5 added to ons at least of the constituents oF the mortar . aluminium powdar in a proportiqn by dry weight of the orcler of 0.1 to2 parts . per thousand based on the dry weight o-P the said constituent, : ' - there is added to the clay-cement.mixture a load of glass or the like in the form of.fibres, powder or gel, - there is.added t~ the. clay-cernent mixture a vinyl or acrylic or A.~,S
emulsion or the like, preferably diluted in water, at a clry solids weight percentage betwsen 5 and Z5% bassd on ths dry weight of the clay-cernsnt mixture, - after use of ths r(lortar according to the inven-tion, the products , 3 -'~ ' .
10~ 44 made from this mortar are kept in an atmosphere saturated wlth water vapour for several hours be-Pore being slowly dried. -Ths invention involves, apart from these principal features, certain other features which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly mentioned hereafter.
In what follows some preferred embodiments of the invention will bs desc~ribed in 3 non-limiting manner-Clay being, by weight or volume, much less dear than cement,reduction of the cost of cements has long besn sought by mixing the latter with clay.
But experisncs shows that products obtained from clay-cement-water mixtures exhibit, after setting, mediocrs mechanical characteristics and tend to crack because of the shrinkage induced on setting by the removal of the gauging water.
To rendsr the clay-cement-water mixtures mors homogeneous, it has already bsen propossd to add to these mixtures special ad~uvants tending to "dsflocculate" or to "wet" the mixture, that is to say break up the. agglomerates of the latter and to disperse the gauging water throughout the body of the said mixture in a more uni-form way.
The inventors have discovered on the contrary that, by adding . .
to the clay-cement-watsr mixture a hydrophilic and water retentive agent to incrssse the thixotropy of ths mlxture and to ensure a cross-llnkage of this mixture by polymerization on setting, one could obtain -finlshed products exhibiting, a~ter setting, distinctly improvsd mechanical characteristlcs, with the abssnce of cracks.
- ~ . Such an agent is chosen -Prom among amino-resins, substances which posse~ adherent propertie~ of the same kind a5 those of gum arablc and which are currently used for the gluing of plywoods or compressed woods.
Among thsse amino-resins, those preferrod are the urea-~015~644 , formaldehyde or rnelamine-formaldehyde resins and their derivatives, in pulverised form or, more generally, in the form of an aqueous solution containing a minimum of 5% of water.
- The minimum dry weight percentage of this agent used correspon~s to 1 or 2% of the''dry wsight of the clay-cement mixture.
The maximum weight percentage of the said agent is of the order of 20%.
In particular if one supposes that the resin occurs in the form of a solution containing 50% of water, that all the gaugin~ water '' comes from this solution, and that the proportion by weight of the cement in the clay-cement mixture'is ~/4, as the total contributinn of ' ' water to the mixture must correspond at the maximum to 25% by weight of the cement, the maximum weight'of dry resin is of the order of 15%
of the dry weight o'f the clay-cement mixture.
- The clayconstituent of the mixture concerned can be pure clay or clayey soil more or less loaded with sand.
It is preferable for it to be basic, its pH being greater than ~l if this is not the case, it is advantageous to render it basic .
by the addition of sodium silicates or sodium alurninates.
The cemsnt congtituent of the Inixture is pre~erably rich ln calcium alurninates.
The proportion by weight of dry clay is at least equal to that of the dry cement, the relation between thege two proportions prefsrably bsing betwesn 2 and 4, whlch rneans that the clay is generally the rna~ority of the mi-~ture.
' ' With a mortar composed in that way, that ia to aay with cernent, clay preferably in a maJority proportion, water and an amino-r~sin, one can rnake all the items currently made ln cernent, concrste and/or clay sucn as bricka, tilea, pottery, panel5, glabs, plates corrugated ~ S ~
.
. . .
:, . ,: . , 1084644 , ~
.. . ..
or not, pipes, caissons etc., and in any suitable way, particularly by sxtrusion, drawing, moulding, in~ection, casting, application by trowel..., hot or even cold.
After fabrication, it is advisable to maintain the product obtainsd in a humid atmosphere for soms hours, for example for 24 hours at 60 in an atmosphere saturated with ~ater, and then to leave it to dry 910wly. ~ .
~ he ~setting which results from this is accompanied by a polymerization with a slow progressive cross-linkags owing to the ~ -resins, in spite of the alkalinlty of the medium; it is a~surprising phenomenon, seeing that the said-resins are considered to be capable -of undergoing polymerization only in the presence of acid catalysts.
The products obtained after such a slow setting exhibit a cohesion and other mechanical properties which are very remarkable.
It is in this way that these propsrties are comparable to . - .
those of similar known products in asbestos-cement which comprise 30%
rnore of cement by volume and are consequently much heavier.
In a gsneral way, it is usual for the dried coherent products according to the invention to exhibit mechanical resistance, to traction ., ~ , , as much as to cornpression, of at least 30% greater than that of products made from clay-cement mortars of identical composition but in the absence of qmino-resins.
, The products in question have smooth exterior surfaces with a beautiful appearance keeping the colours of the initial constituents durably tespecially red lf pure clay predominatesJ white if the predominate constituent is kaolln, which is a clay rich in white mica~.
In what follows there will oe described a certain number oF
othsr features allowing still further improvement oP the qualities of the ~: ' , . .:
:
.. ~ . . . . . . ...
.
. ' . : , , ' . ,,. ' ' . , , ~ ' ' ' , :
,.. . . .
108D~644 above products.
According to one of these features, the clay is submitted, before its mixture with the cement, to a treatment which is "flocculant" and/or capable of'conferring water repellent qualitles on this clay, by adding to the latter an appropriate additive in small amounts tnamely 0.5 to 5 parts by weight per thousand based on the dry weight of the clay) .
preferably by pulverisation oF a solution of this additive in water durin~
the premixing and pounding of the clay.
Such an additive is constituted for example : .
- by polyelectrolytes of the polyacrylamide type such as those distributed ~' .;fe . :. , ' under the name MAGNAFLOC R 155 by the CAVIEM Company, - by quaternary ammonium salts such as those distributed under the name ,~" .
NORAMIUM M2SH by the PIERREFITTE-AUBY Company, especially if the clay used is loaded with crystals of high specific surface and lamellars in ' particular, - or by fatty amines such as those d:Lstributed under the name STABIRAM
677 S by the PIERREFITTE-AUBY Company.
According to another of the above fsaturss, cellulose or one of itB derivates is added to ths clay, in a proportion by weight between 3 and 30%, in the form oP a vsry fine powder or of a solution in a solvent which i3 nsutral relative to the cen~nt.
This allow~ reduction-of the denslty of the products obtained whils lmproving their thermal and sound insulation, which offers valuable advantage~ when ths products made'are intended for construction of dwellings. ' ' ' According to yet another of the abovs -Features, aluminium . ' ~ ' in'the form of powder is added to ths clay or the cement. '~
; ' :
_ 7 _ , .
' , , ', , , ' ''' , ~ ' ' ' '' ,'~':' .. , ., ' , ' , ' :
.
108~4 ~
This metal creates a gaseous expans$on, which reduces the density of the final product obtained. Moreover the aluminium salts formed by the reaction of the aluminium with the lime present in the cement ensure an excellent protection for the product against ~-ageingand against chemical attack by the air and by carbonic acid.
The proportion by weight oF this addition of powder is advantageously be~tween 0.1 and 2 parts per thousand based on the dry weight of the clay-cement mixture to which the said powder is added.
According to yet another of the features mentioned abovs, '-a vinyl, acryiic, A.~.S or the like solution in water is added to the ~' clay-cement mixture, the weight percentage of this addition generally '""
being between S and 25% of the weight of the cemsnt.
~ , .
This allows the products obtained to be rendered particularly waterproof and resistant to abrasion by giving their surfaces a glazed, smooth and dense appearance.
~' To improvs the mechanical resistance of the products - obtained, it is advantageous, according to yet anothsr o-F the above features, to reinforce the rnortar used by'means of elements with a glass ' '' ~ , .
' 6ase, the elernents bein'g in the form of powder, gel tsilica) or preferably irn the form of fibress the glass is, as a matter oF fact, ; ' dissolved superficially by the alkaline material wlth which it is closely ' mlxed, then is regenerated at the time of drying, -Porming a solid phase which is closely bound to the crystals oP clay and cement.
There are thus provided mortars for the econornical making of '' -products which, after setting, exhibit excellent mechanical resistance and a tendency to cracking which is negligible, indeed non-existflnt.
1'hese products can be identified, not only by their excellent ' ~ - B -, , , ~(~B~6~4 mechanical properties but also by chemical analysis which reveals in particular the presence of macrornolecules of resin and traces of flocculant which are incorporated therein.
As is evident, and as already results moreover from what precedes, the invention is not limited at all to those of its modes of application and realisation which have been more especially envisaged;
it enbraoes, on th oo~trary, all the var'ants th~r~of.
' ' ' ' ' -' '.
' " ' ;' .
, "" ' ' '"
' ' ' - :.' ' : ' . ' ' _ 9 _ . . .. .. . . . . .
, , , , . , .~", . . . . .
.
The invention concerns a mortar based on clay and cement with a proportion by weight of clay at least equal to that of cement, a mortar resulting in finished products which are at the same time inexpensive and of quality, in particular as regards their mechanical resistance and the sub-stantial absence of cracking or shrinkage.
It also concerns methods of preparation and use of these mortars as well as the products made by means of the latter.
It will be recalled that it is already known for a mortar to be made by mixing or "gauging" clay, cement in a proportion by weight at most equal to that of the clay, "gauging", water and certain mineral adjuvants such as sodium phosphates, sodium carbonate or calcium carbonate; these adjuvants exert in general a defloculating or wetting effect, allowing the gauging water to disperse better in the mixture of clay and cement.
The inventors have discovered that such a deflocculating effect ~ -even if it perhaps facilitates the mixing itself, leads to mediocre character-:., istics of resistance and cohesion for the finished products after setting.
With the present invention, on the other hand, in addition to the gauging water, there is added to the clay-cement mixture a hydrophilic agent, capable of increasing the thixotropy of the mixture and cross-linking the pro-duct by polymerization during the subsequent setting.
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a mortarcomprising a cement, clay in a proportion by weight at least equal to that of the cement, gauging water, and additive selected from the group consisting of urea-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereo and melamine-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereo~, the dry weight of additive present being between 1 and 20% of the total dry weight of the clay and cement.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method of preparing a mortar which comprises mixing cement, clay in a proportion by weight at least equal to that of the cement, gauging water, a~d additlves selected from the group consisting of urea-ormaldehyde resins and derivatives thereof and melamine-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereof, the dry weight of said additive being between 1 and 20% of the total dry weight of the clay and s ~ ~ - 2 -` ~0~4644 :
cement.
Furthermore, the invention provides in a set clay/cement product in which the amount by weight of clay at least equalsthat of the cement and in which a cross-linking agent is polymerised the improvement which comprises reinforceMent dispersed through said product, said réinforcement comprising cured resin selected rom the group consisting of cured urea-formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde resins and derivations thereof: .
, ~ ~ ' '. . . ' . .. :. .
.
. , : , ;
:: . .
, ~ , . . . .
,, :, . . .
.. . . .
,', ' ' , ' , . . . .
, 10~
In preferred emb~dimerlt5 use is made of one and~or other of the following features :
- the proportion by weight of clay in the clay-cement mixture is between 2 and 4 times that of the cement, - the clay used is basic ~pH greater than 8) or rendered basic by the addition of silicates and/or of sodium aluminates, - before mixing the clay with the cement, the quantity of adsorbed water'present in this clay is reduced by adding to it an additive, which is a flocculantand/or capable of giving the-clay water-repellent properties,in a proportion by dry weight of the order of 0.5 to 5 parts per thousand based on the dry weight ,of the clay, - in a 'method according to the preceding paragraph, the additive ls a flocculant constituted by polyeiectrolytes of the polyacrylamide type or by cationic derivativss such as quaternary ammonium salts, or is a water-repellent based on fatty amines, '' - there is added to the clay cellulose or one of its derivates in the form of a very fine powder or ln solution in a solvent neutral to . .
. . .
. . cement, at a dry weight percentage between 3 and 30% based on the dry wzight of the clay~
- there i5 added to ons at least of the constituents oF the mortar . aluminium powdar in a proportiqn by dry weight of the orcler of 0.1 to2 parts . per thousand based on the dry weight o-P the said constituent, : ' - there is added to the clay-cement.mixture a load of glass or the like in the form of.fibres, powder or gel, - there is.added t~ the. clay-cernent mixture a vinyl or acrylic or A.~,S
emulsion or the like, preferably diluted in water, at a clry solids weight percentage betwsen 5 and Z5% bassd on ths dry weight of the clay-cernsnt mixture, - after use of ths r(lortar according to the inven-tion, the products , 3 -'~ ' .
10~ 44 made from this mortar are kept in an atmosphere saturated wlth water vapour for several hours be-Pore being slowly dried. -Ths invention involves, apart from these principal features, certain other features which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly mentioned hereafter.
In what follows some preferred embodiments of the invention will bs desc~ribed in 3 non-limiting manner-Clay being, by weight or volume, much less dear than cement,reduction of the cost of cements has long besn sought by mixing the latter with clay.
But experisncs shows that products obtained from clay-cement-water mixtures exhibit, after setting, mediocrs mechanical characteristics and tend to crack because of the shrinkage induced on setting by the removal of the gauging water.
To rendsr the clay-cement-water mixtures mors homogeneous, it has already bsen propossd to add to these mixtures special ad~uvants tending to "dsflocculate" or to "wet" the mixture, that is to say break up the. agglomerates of the latter and to disperse the gauging water throughout the body of the said mixture in a more uni-form way.
The inventors have discovered on the contrary that, by adding . .
to the clay-cement-watsr mixture a hydrophilic and water retentive agent to incrssse the thixotropy of ths mlxture and to ensure a cross-llnkage of this mixture by polymerization on setting, one could obtain -finlshed products exhibiting, a~ter setting, distinctly improvsd mechanical characteristlcs, with the abssnce of cracks.
- ~ . Such an agent is chosen -Prom among amino-resins, substances which posse~ adherent propertie~ of the same kind a5 those of gum arablc and which are currently used for the gluing of plywoods or compressed woods.
Among thsse amino-resins, those preferrod are the urea-~015~644 , formaldehyde or rnelamine-formaldehyde resins and their derivatives, in pulverised form or, more generally, in the form of an aqueous solution containing a minimum of 5% of water.
- The minimum dry weight percentage of this agent used correspon~s to 1 or 2% of the''dry wsight of the clay-cement mixture.
The maximum weight percentage of the said agent is of the order of 20%.
In particular if one supposes that the resin occurs in the form of a solution containing 50% of water, that all the gaugin~ water '' comes from this solution, and that the proportion by weight of the cement in the clay-cement mixture'is ~/4, as the total contributinn of ' ' water to the mixture must correspond at the maximum to 25% by weight of the cement, the maximum weight'of dry resin is of the order of 15%
of the dry weight o'f the clay-cement mixture.
- The clayconstituent of the mixture concerned can be pure clay or clayey soil more or less loaded with sand.
It is preferable for it to be basic, its pH being greater than ~l if this is not the case, it is advantageous to render it basic .
by the addition of sodium silicates or sodium alurninates.
The cemsnt congtituent of the Inixture is pre~erably rich ln calcium alurninates.
The proportion by weight of dry clay is at least equal to that of the dry cement, the relation between thege two proportions prefsrably bsing betwesn 2 and 4, whlch rneans that the clay is generally the rna~ority of the mi-~ture.
' ' With a mortar composed in that way, that ia to aay with cernent, clay preferably in a maJority proportion, water and an amino-r~sin, one can rnake all the items currently made ln cernent, concrste and/or clay sucn as bricka, tilea, pottery, panel5, glabs, plates corrugated ~ S ~
.
. . .
:, . ,: . , 1084644 , ~
.. . ..
or not, pipes, caissons etc., and in any suitable way, particularly by sxtrusion, drawing, moulding, in~ection, casting, application by trowel..., hot or even cold.
After fabrication, it is advisable to maintain the product obtainsd in a humid atmosphere for soms hours, for example for 24 hours at 60 in an atmosphere saturated with ~ater, and then to leave it to dry 910wly. ~ .
~ he ~setting which results from this is accompanied by a polymerization with a slow progressive cross-linkags owing to the ~ -resins, in spite of the alkalinlty of the medium; it is a~surprising phenomenon, seeing that the said-resins are considered to be capable -of undergoing polymerization only in the presence of acid catalysts.
The products obtained after such a slow setting exhibit a cohesion and other mechanical properties which are very remarkable.
It is in this way that these propsrties are comparable to . - .
those of similar known products in asbestos-cement which comprise 30%
rnore of cement by volume and are consequently much heavier.
In a gsneral way, it is usual for the dried coherent products according to the invention to exhibit mechanical resistance, to traction ., ~ , , as much as to cornpression, of at least 30% greater than that of products made from clay-cement mortars of identical composition but in the absence of qmino-resins.
, The products in question have smooth exterior surfaces with a beautiful appearance keeping the colours of the initial constituents durably tespecially red lf pure clay predominatesJ white if the predominate constituent is kaolln, which is a clay rich in white mica~.
In what follows there will oe described a certain number oF
othsr features allowing still further improvement oP the qualities of the ~: ' , . .:
:
.. ~ . . . . . . ...
.
. ' . : , , ' . ,,. ' ' . , , ~ ' ' ' , :
,.. . . .
108D~644 above products.
According to one of these features, the clay is submitted, before its mixture with the cement, to a treatment which is "flocculant" and/or capable of'conferring water repellent qualitles on this clay, by adding to the latter an appropriate additive in small amounts tnamely 0.5 to 5 parts by weight per thousand based on the dry weight of the clay) .
preferably by pulverisation oF a solution of this additive in water durin~
the premixing and pounding of the clay.
Such an additive is constituted for example : .
- by polyelectrolytes of the polyacrylamide type such as those distributed ~' .;fe . :. , ' under the name MAGNAFLOC R 155 by the CAVIEM Company, - by quaternary ammonium salts such as those distributed under the name ,~" .
NORAMIUM M2SH by the PIERREFITTE-AUBY Company, especially if the clay used is loaded with crystals of high specific surface and lamellars in ' particular, - or by fatty amines such as those d:Lstributed under the name STABIRAM
677 S by the PIERREFITTE-AUBY Company.
According to another of the above fsaturss, cellulose or one of itB derivates is added to ths clay, in a proportion by weight between 3 and 30%, in the form oP a vsry fine powder or of a solution in a solvent which i3 nsutral relative to the cen~nt.
This allow~ reduction-of the denslty of the products obtained whils lmproving their thermal and sound insulation, which offers valuable advantage~ when ths products made'are intended for construction of dwellings. ' ' ' According to yet another of the abovs -Features, aluminium . ' ~ ' in'the form of powder is added to ths clay or the cement. '~
; ' :
_ 7 _ , .
' , , ', , , ' ''' , ~ ' ' ' '' ,'~':' .. , ., ' , ' , ' :
.
108~4 ~
This metal creates a gaseous expans$on, which reduces the density of the final product obtained. Moreover the aluminium salts formed by the reaction of the aluminium with the lime present in the cement ensure an excellent protection for the product against ~-ageingand against chemical attack by the air and by carbonic acid.
The proportion by weight oF this addition of powder is advantageously be~tween 0.1 and 2 parts per thousand based on the dry weight of the clay-cement mixture to which the said powder is added.
According to yet another of the features mentioned abovs, '-a vinyl, acryiic, A.~.S or the like solution in water is added to the ~' clay-cement mixture, the weight percentage of this addition generally '""
being between S and 25% of the weight of the cemsnt.
~ , .
This allows the products obtained to be rendered particularly waterproof and resistant to abrasion by giving their surfaces a glazed, smooth and dense appearance.
~' To improvs the mechanical resistance of the products - obtained, it is advantageous, according to yet anothsr o-F the above features, to reinforce the rnortar used by'means of elements with a glass ' '' ~ , .
' 6ase, the elernents bein'g in the form of powder, gel tsilica) or preferably irn the form of fibress the glass is, as a matter oF fact, ; ' dissolved superficially by the alkaline material wlth which it is closely ' mlxed, then is regenerated at the time of drying, -Porming a solid phase which is closely bound to the crystals oP clay and cement.
There are thus provided mortars for the econornical making of '' -products which, after setting, exhibit excellent mechanical resistance and a tendency to cracking which is negligible, indeed non-existflnt.
1'hese products can be identified, not only by their excellent ' ~ - B -, , , ~(~B~6~4 mechanical properties but also by chemical analysis which reveals in particular the presence of macrornolecules of resin and traces of flocculant which are incorporated therein.
As is evident, and as already results moreover from what precedes, the invention is not limited at all to those of its modes of application and realisation which have been more especially envisaged;
it enbraoes, on th oo~trary, all the var'ants th~r~of.
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.
Claims (19)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A mortar comprising a cement, clay in a proportion by weight at least equal to that of the cement, gauging water, and additive selected from the group consisting of urea-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereof and melamine-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereof, the dry weight of additive present being between 1 and 20% of the total dry weight of the clay and cement.
2. A mortar as claimed in claim 1 wherein the weight of clay present is between 2 and 4 times that of the cement.
3. A mortar as claimed in claim 1 wherein the clay is selected from the group consisting of basic clays and clays rendered basic by the presence of at least one of silicates and sodium aluminates.
4. A mortar according to claim 1 containing a cellulosic material, the dry weight of said cellulosic material present being between 3 and 30%
of the dry weight of the clay.
of the dry weight of the clay.
5. A mortar according to claim 1 containing 0.1 to 2 parts aluminium powder per thousand based on the dry weight of said cement or clay.
6. A mortar according to claim 1 containing an emulsion of polymer selected from the group consisting of vinyl, acrylic and A.B.S. polymers, the dry weight of said polymer being between 5 and 25% of the total dry weight of the clay and cement.
7. A method of preparing a mortar which comprises mixing cement, clay in a proportion by weight at least equal to that of the cement, gauging water, and additives selected from the group consisting of urea-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereof and melamine-formaldehyde resins and derivatives thereof, the dry weight of said additive being between 1 and 20% of the total dry weight of the clay and cement.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7 which includes the step of reducing the quantity of water absorbed in the clay, before mixing the clay with the cement, by adding to the clay an adjuvant selected from the group consisting of flocculants and materials capable of rendering the clay water-repellent, the proportion by dry weight of adjuvant added being about 0.5 to 5 parts per thousand based on the dry weight of the clay.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said adjuvant is a flocculant polyelectrolyte selected from the group consisting of polyacrylamides and quaternary ammonium salts.
10. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of water repellent fatty amines.
11. A method as claimed in claim 7 which includes the step of incorporating cellulosic material in the mixture the dry weight of cellulosic material added being between 3 and 30% of the dry weight of the clay.
12. A method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the cellulosic material is added in the form of fine powder.
13. A method as claimed in claim 11 wherein the cellulosic material is added in solution in a solvent neutral to the cement.
14. A method as claimed in claim 7 which includes the step of adding to at least one of the constituents of the mortar aluminium powder in a proportion by dry weight of about 0.1 to 2 parts per thousand based on the dry weight of the said constituent.
15. A method as claimed in claim 7 which includes the step of adding to the clay and cement glass in the form of fibres, powder or gel.
16. A method as claimed in claim 7 which includes the step of incorporating in the mixture an emulsion of polymer selected from the group consisting of vinyl, acrylic and A.B.S polymers, the dry weight of polymer added being between 5 and 25% of the total dry weight of the clay and cement.
17. A process of making a set artifact which includes the steps of preparing a mortar by the method defined in claim 7, forming said mortar to a desired shape, maintaining said shaped mortar in a humid atmosphere, and thereafter slowly drying said shaped mortar whereby said mortar sets and the additive cures.
18. A process as claimed in claim 17 wherein said atmosphere is saturated with water vapour.
19. In a set clay/cement product in which the amount by weight of clay at least equal that of the cement and in which a cross-linking agent is polymerised the improvement which comprises reinforcement dispersed through said product, said reinforcement comprising cured resin selected from the group consisting of cured urea-formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde resins and derivations thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7621522 | 1976-07-13 | ||
| FR7621522A FR2358368A1 (en) | 1976-07-13 | 1976-07-13 | IMPROVEMENTS TO CLAY-CEMENT MORTARS, THEIR PREPARATION AND IMPLEMENTATION PROCESSES AND THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED USING THESE MORTARS |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1084644A true CA1084644A (en) | 1980-08-26 |
Family
ID=9175703
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA282,579A Expired CA1084644A (en) | 1976-07-13 | 1977-07-12 | Clay-cement mortars and to the products made with said mortars |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5817139B2 (en) |
| BE (1) | BE856767A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1084644A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH622758A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2729528C2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK316977A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES460941A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2358368A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1584055A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE45252B1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1080206B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU77729A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7707701A (en) |
| OA (1) | OA05705A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL116820B1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE426691B (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GR68707B (en) * | 1978-10-25 | 1982-02-02 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | |
| CH645605A5 (en) * | 1980-02-22 | 1984-10-15 | Ametex Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FIBER REINFORCED, HYDRAULICALLY BINDING COMPOSITION, THE COMPOSITION AND USE THEREOF PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD. |
| DE3107852A1 (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1982-09-16 | Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co., 8048 Zürich | METHOD FOR PRODUCING HIGH CONCENTRATED, LOW VISCOSES, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF MELAMINE / ALDEHYDE RESIN |
| DE3107853A1 (en) * | 1981-03-02 | 1982-09-16 | Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co., 8048 Zürich | Process for the preparation of highly concentrated, low-viscosity, aqueous solutions of N-modified melamine-aldehyde resins |
| JPS61164732U (en) * | 1985-04-02 | 1986-10-13 | ||
| GB8525723D0 (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1985-11-20 | Redland Technology Ltd | Cementitious compositions |
| DE3637946A1 (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-05-19 | Klaus Zawisla Gmbh & Co Kg | METHOD FOR REFURBISHING A FOUNTAIN |
| JPH02288422A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1990-11-28 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Data compressing method |
| DE19538821A1 (en) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-02 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Melamine-formaldehyde condensates with a low formate content |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4937928A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1974-04-09 | ||
| DE2301435B2 (en) * | 1973-01-12 | 1976-07-29 | Ardex Chemie Gmbh Chemische Fabrik Witten, 5810 Witten-Annen | USE OF A MORTAR MIXTURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF SCREEDS AS A FILLER |
| DE2322845B2 (en) * | 1973-05-07 | 1978-10-26 | Martin-Marietta Corp., New York, N.Y. (V.St.A.) | Additive mix for use in hydraulic cement mixes and methods of accelerating the hardening of a hydraulic cement mix |
-
1976
- 1976-07-13 FR FR7621522A patent/FR2358368A1/en active Granted
-
1977
- 1977-06-20 IT IT24848/77A patent/IT1080206B/en active
- 1977-06-30 DE DE2729528A patent/DE2729528C2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-06 CH CH831277A patent/CH622758A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-07-07 IE IE1411/77A patent/IE45252B1/en unknown
- 1977-07-08 JP JP52081874A patent/JPS5817139B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-11 NL NL7707701A patent/NL7707701A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-07-11 OA OA56220A patent/OA05705A/en unknown
- 1977-07-11 PL PL1977199528A patent/PL116820B1/en unknown
- 1977-07-11 GB GB28939/77A patent/GB1584055A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-11 LU LU77729A patent/LU77729A1/xx unknown
- 1977-07-12 DK DK316977A patent/DK316977A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-07-12 CA CA282,579A patent/CA1084644A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-12 SE SE7708097A patent/SE426691B/en unknown
- 1977-07-13 ES ES460941A patent/ES460941A1/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-13 BE BE179301A patent/BE856767A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL116820B1 (en) | 1981-06-30 |
| JPS5817139B2 (en) | 1983-04-05 |
| OA05705A (en) | 1981-05-31 |
| IE45252L (en) | 1978-01-13 |
| IE45252B1 (en) | 1982-07-14 |
| BE856767A (en) | 1978-01-13 |
| SE7708097L (en) | 1978-01-14 |
| LU77729A1 (en) | 1978-02-02 |
| IT1080206B (en) | 1985-05-16 |
| ES460941A1 (en) | 1978-08-01 |
| DE2729528A1 (en) | 1978-01-19 |
| DK316977A (en) | 1978-01-14 |
| FR2358368B1 (en) | 1982-11-12 |
| PL199528A1 (en) | 1978-02-27 |
| DE2729528C2 (en) | 1983-03-10 |
| SE426691B (en) | 1983-02-07 |
| GB1584055A (en) | 1981-02-04 |
| CH622758A5 (en) | 1981-04-30 |
| FR2358368A1 (en) | 1978-02-10 |
| JPS539830A (en) | 1978-01-28 |
| NL7707701A (en) | 1978-01-17 |
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