CA1083394A - Rear view mirror for vehicles - Google Patents
Rear view mirror for vehiclesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1083394A CA1083394A CA314,883A CA314883A CA1083394A CA 1083394 A CA1083394 A CA 1083394A CA 314883 A CA314883 A CA 314883A CA 1083394 A CA1083394 A CA 1083394A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mirror
- auxiliary
- reflecting surface
- primary
- view
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
TITLE: REAR VIEW MIRROR FOR VEHICLES
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A rear view mirror for vehicles is provided having a composite surface including a specific configuration seg-ment of spherical surface for enhancing the field of view.
This mirror includes a primary mirror having a reflecting surface which may be planar and has formed therewith a se-condary or auxiliary mirror section of elongated configura-tion that has an arcuately curved reflecting surface that comprises a spherical surface segment. This auxiliary mir-ror surface is of a substantially lessor area dimension than that of the primary mirror and is positioned in a corner area of the primary mirror so as to be effectively non-obstructing to the conventional utilization of the primary mirror but of sufficient size and configuration as to produce a reflected image of a relatively large angular field of view in a hori-zontal plane with respect to that which may be formed by the primary mirror. This relative size and configuration of the auxiliary mirror is combined with orientation of that mirror so that its longer axis extends in the direction of viewing as referenced from one to the other and thus provides substan--i-tial directivity to viewing due to substantial limitation of viewing in a direction transverse to the longer axis. The auxiliary mirror may be either separately formed and mounta-ble on an exterior surface of a primary mirror or it may be integrally formed with the primary mirror.
-ia-
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A rear view mirror for vehicles is provided having a composite surface including a specific configuration seg-ment of spherical surface for enhancing the field of view.
This mirror includes a primary mirror having a reflecting surface which may be planar and has formed therewith a se-condary or auxiliary mirror section of elongated configura-tion that has an arcuately curved reflecting surface that comprises a spherical surface segment. This auxiliary mir-ror surface is of a substantially lessor area dimension than that of the primary mirror and is positioned in a corner area of the primary mirror so as to be effectively non-obstructing to the conventional utilization of the primary mirror but of sufficient size and configuration as to produce a reflected image of a relatively large angular field of view in a hori-zontal plane with respect to that which may be formed by the primary mirror. This relative size and configuration of the auxiliary mirror is combined with orientation of that mirror so that its longer axis extends in the direction of viewing as referenced from one to the other and thus provides substan--i-tial directivity to viewing due to substantial limitation of viewing in a direction transverse to the longer axis. The auxiliary mirror may be either separately formed and mounta-ble on an exterior surface of a primary mirror or it may be integrally formed with the primary mirror.
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Description
108339~
1 ~ACKGROUND O~ T~l~ INVENTION
Vehicle mirrorsas conventionally provided comprise a planar re:Electing surface of sufficient area to meet the normal requirements for establishing a field of view with respect to the vehicle operator. These mirrors may be either installed in the interior of the vehicle for rearward vision through a wîndow at the back of the vehicle or attached to the side door panels at either side for primarily enlarging the -field of vie~ in a side~rclor lateral direction. This invention i5 directed primarily to the exterior mounted side viel~ mirrors that are attached to the doors of the vehicle or may be mounted on the front fender. While the objective o~ such auxiliary mirrors in the form of a side mounted type is to enlarge and enhance the lateral directed field of view with respect to the vehicle operator, the mirrors presently available and on the market remain inherently incapable of providing the optimum ' ield of view with a,positive reference to the vehicle itsel-f.
Attempts have been made to improve the per:Eormance of such mirrors by providing auxiliary mirror structures~that may either be independently mounted on the vehicle or attached to the conventional side mounted mirrors. The usual type of auxil-B iary mirror heretofore provided comprises a circular segment of a spherical surfaced shell that may be adhesively bonded onto a surface of theprimary mirror if the primary mirror is su:Efi-ciently large as in the case of truck mirrors. Alternatively, a spherical segment mirror may be mounted ex~eriorly on the vehicle in independent relationship to any oE the other mirrors.
108339~
1 While these spherical segment mirrors provide a large ield of view it will be recognized that such mirrors provide an enlarged -field af view through 360 degrees of viewing angle. The disadvan-tage o-f this enlargement of the field of view is that the operator of the vehicle is necessarily presented with a vastly distorted peripheral field o-f view which includes substantial portions - that are immaterial from a safety standpoint. It will be readily apparent that such a mirror provides a field of view which includes an extensive and unimportant view o~ the side o~ the vehicle and w}lich also extends substantially upwards as well as downwards with respect to the vehicle and these areas are of no real interest or signiicance to safe operation o-f the vehicle.
- Accordingly, it will be seen that the circular spherical segment mirrors as well as others, such as cylindrical convex type which have been devised in attempts to overcome the inherent blind spot that occurs with the standard planar re~Iecting sur-ace mirrors have not succeeded in achieving this desirable objective. While such mirrors may approach the desire in obtain-ing a -field of view adequate for the purposes of the driver they inherently incorporate and produce a subtantially greater area of viewing that tends to d~tract from their use:Eulness and accordingly tend to detract and decrease the safety -features that were originally attempted to be achieved.
~08~3~4 1 SUMMARY O~ 'rII~.l INV~NTION
In accordance with this i.nvention a compQsite mirror is provided :in ~hich the major portion or primary sec-tlon of the mirror conforms to the usual standards of havinga planar reflecting surface for producing a relati.~ely narrow angular ield of view in a horizontal plane immediately adja-cent to the vehiclc when utilized at a side of the vehicle.
The composite mirror of ~his invention has the further objective of providing an auxiliary mirror reflecting surface enabling the operator to independently view a specified area at the side of the vehicle which includes a lateral angle of substan-~ial extent and optimally approaches a 90 degree a~gle to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. Achievement of this objective thus produces a mirror wherein a vehicle operator may readily ascertain the presence of a vehicle in an area which would otherwise not be seen in a conventional planar mirror properly adjusted in accordance with specified standards to view an area ~hich extends angularly outward from a side of the vehicle to 20 only a relatively limited extent.
Accomplishment of this objective is achieved through the combination of a planar mirror surface and a segment of an arcuately curved mirror, which mirror may have a reflecting sur-face that is a spherical surface segment~ that is incorporated in or mounted Oll a relatively small portion of the area o-f the planar mirror. ~his arrangement places thc arcuately curved.
segment reflecting surface of the auxiliary mirror in an area .1ith respect to the pri.mary mirror such that the field o:E view of the primary mirror is substantially unobstructed by the ad-~0 dition of this auxiliary m~rror- In :its ~refcrred form, the .
, 1~83394 1 auxiliary mirror is of elongated conEigura-ti.on and is orient-ed to extend in its longer dimension in a plane o-f viewing to thus provide a sense o:E direction to the observer's viewing.
Specifically, the location of the auxiliary mirror is pre-fer-ably in the lower right corner o:E a mirror mounted on the dri-~er's side of the vehicle whereas a similar type of mirror on the passenger side would have the mirror segment locatcd in the lower left corner.
This invention illustrates the various techniques providing a composite mirror to effectively obtain and achieve the two distinct and separate fields of view regarding the side areas of a motor vehicle. One such teclmique incorporates a structure wherein the auxiliary mirror is formed as a separate entity that is applied to the primary mirror in order to enable vehicle operators to modify an existing mirror and obtaining the ad~antages of this invention. Another constructional tech-nique for providing a mirror incorporating the feature of this invention is the formation of a primary mirror which integrally ..
comprises the-auxiliary mirror surface. This integrally formed portion may appear either on the exterior or outwardly facing surface of the primary mirror or it may be incorporated in the rear surface. The only difference between these two techniques is that the slivering for forming the reflecting surface in one instance is applied to the outer surface whereas in the other it would be applied to the rear surface of the primary mirror.
According to one broad aspect of this invention, an optical mirror is provided comprising a primary mirror having a reflecting surface that includes a side edge and which is adapted to be normally viewed Erom a position displaced in la-terally out~Yard o:ffset relat;.onshi~ wlth res~ect to said side .
~, 1~8339~
1 edge, said primary reflectino surface providing a primary an-gular :Eield o:E view oE predetermined extent in a first plane oriented in generally perpelldicular relationship to said side edge and said primary reflecting surface, and an auxiliary mirror carried by said primary mirror, said auxiliary mirror being substantially lesser in dimension than said primary mirror and disposed closely adjacent said side edge of said primary mirror and terminating in spaced re-lationship to an opposite side edge of said primary mirror to thereby leave a substantial primary reflecting surface area ~herebetween, said auxiliary mirror having an arcuately curved reflecting.surface providing an auxiliary angular Eield of view of predetermined extent in said first plane oriented in generally perpendicular relationship to said side eclge and said primary reElecting surface of said primary mirror with the aux-iliary angular field of view of said auxiliary mirror being sub-stantially greater than the primary angular field of view pro-vided by the reflecting surface of said primary mirror, said auxiliary angular field of vie~ being at least partially co-extensive witn the primary angular field of view and extending be~ond the primary angular field of view of said primary mir-ror only in a direction away from said side edge and across the reflecting sur:Eace o:E said primary mirror with respect to the point of viewing.
According to another broad aspect of this i.nvention, an auxiliary mirror is provided ~or mounting on a vie~ing sur-face of a primary mirror having a substantially larger prede-termined reflecting surface comprising a body o:E elonga-ted COll-figuration in plan view with a longitudinal axis and formed ~ith a base surface adapted :~or mounting thereof in juxtaposi--tion on the primary mirror's vie~ing sur:Eace and ,1 re.Electing 108339~
1 surface dispose~ in overlyi.ng superposed relationship to said base surface with opposite ends of the auxiliary reflecting surface along said longitudinal axis being spaccd at relative-ly different distances from said base surface, said auxiliary re:Electing surface having a longitudinal axis aligned with the longitudinal axis of the au~iliary mirror and being substan-tial-ly greater in dimension along the longitudinal axis than along an axis transverse thereto thereby providing an auxiliary an-gular field of view of predetermined extent in a first plane extending longitudinally of said reflecting surface that is substantially greater than the angular field of view in a sec-ond plane oriented t'ransversely to said first plane with re-spect to a point of observation.
These and other objects and advan-tages of the inven- ^`
tion will be readily apparent ~rom the followi.ng detailed des-cription of the several embodiments thereof and the accompany-.
ing drawings.
-108339~
l D~SCRIPTI0l~ 017'l'H~ DR~l~ING 17IGURES
Figure 1 is a Eront view of a mirror embodying this invention.
Figure 2 is a ~ragmentary vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic pl~n view o-f the field o:E view of the mirror.
Figure 5 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view similar to Figure 2 oE a modified mirror.
Figure 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view similar to Figure 3 of the modiEied mirror.
Figure 7 is a front view of a modiEied mirror embodying this invention.
Figure g is a fragmentary vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line g-g oE Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a fragmentary vertical sectional vicw on an enlarged scale taken along line 9-9 o:E Figure 7.
Figure 10 is a Eront view of another modified mirror embodying this invention.
Figure 11 is a fragm~ntary vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line 11-11 oE r:igure 10.
Figure 12 is a fragmentary vertical scctional vie~ on an enlarged scale taken along line 12-12 oE ~igure 10.
~08339a~
DESCR:[PTION O~: Tl-IB ILLUSTRATIV~ EMBODIM~NT
Having reference to the drawings a basic form of the invention is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. In Figure 1, a con-ventionally shaped side view mirror 10 is shown in elevationwithout the auxiliary supporting or moun-ting components. Those structural components bear no relationship to this invention other than to provide the necessary support -for the mirror in the attachemènt or mounting thereof on the side o-f the vehicle.
However, since such mounting components are ~ell known, it is not deemed necessary to illustrate or describe those structures i`
in conjunction with the illustrative embodiments.
The sideview mirror designated as the primary mirror 10 is illustrated as a planar surfaced device which comprises a flat sheet o-f glass or other optically transmissive material having a coating of silvering material 11 applied to a rearwardly facing surface thereof as indicated in Figure 2.
The illustrated primary mirror 10 is of conventional rectangular configuration and may be of the generally available size of 3 X 5 inches and mounted wlth the long axis horizontally dis-posed.
Mounted on the exterior or outwardly facinglsurface 12 of the primary mirror 10 is the secondary or auxiliary mirror 13 of this invention. In this specific embodiment the auxiliary mirror 13 comprises a self contained structure which is specific-ally adapted for mounting on the cxterior sur~ace 12 of the mirror 10. As indicated in Figures 2 and 3, the auxiliary mirror 13 is readily mounted by mcans of a layer of adhesive material ~1)83394 1 14 that is applied in interposing relat:ionship between opposed and adjacent surfaces o:~ the two mirrors. ..
Included in the auxiliary mirror struc~urc 13 as illus-trateed in Figure 1, 2 and 3, is a rectangularly shaped segmentof an arcuately curved or spherical shell 15. ~his shell 15 is preferably formed with a reflecting surEace having a radius o~
curvature which may be o~ the order of 4.75 inches. The longi-tudinal dimension o~ the segment in the illustrative embodiment is approximately one and seven-eighth inches with a width dimen-sion of the order of one and one-eighth inches. This segmen-tal portion of the spherical shell 15 is formed Erom a transparent material such as glass and is provided at an inwardly facing surface thereof with a layer of suitable silvering material 16 thereby forming the reflecting surface.
Providing mechanical.support for the segmental spher- - .
ical shell 15 is an open topped receptacle or retaining enclosure 17 having a flat bottom wall 18. Projecting upwardly from the peripheral edges of the rectangular bottom wall 18 are longi-tudinal sidewalls 19 and the transversely extending endwalls 20 and 21. It will be noted that the one.endwall 21 which is dis-posed~most closely adjacent to a side edge of the primary mirror 10, is substantially higher than the opposite endwall 20. As best seen in Figure 2, the segment oE spherical shell 15 is disposed within the enclosing walls 19, 20 and 21, so that the one end is substantially coextensive with the shorter wall 20, while the other is relatively elevated and coextensive with the upper end of the wall 21. Accordingly, it will be noted that the spherical segment is positioned in angularly inclincd relat-ionship to the exterior sur:Eace o~ the primary mirror. In the illustrative embodi.ment, the wall 21 is of a height to supportthat adjacent end of spherical shell segment 15 at approximately 108339~
1 5/16ths of an inch -further outward fromthe surface 12 of the primary mirror than the opposi~e end adjacent the endwall 20.
Securing the spherical segment 15 within the retaining enclosure 17 is an adhesive material 22 which is solidified and forms a structurally rigid support -for the spheri.cal segment.
As previously indicated, the auxiliary mirror 13 is adhesively secured to the outer surface 12 of the primary mirror by a layer of adhesive 14 and is positioned as illustrated in Figure 1, with respect to the side view mirror that is designed to be attached to the left or driver's side of a vehicle. This relative positio.ning of the mirror 10 on a vehicle is diagram-matically illustrated in Figure ~. Also diagrammatically illus-trated in Figure 4 is the normal field of view that is obtained through utilization of only the planar reflecting surface of that mirror. This, angular field of view referenced to a hori-zontal plane is designated X and includes a horizontal angular space extending from a base or reference line which is effective-ly aligned with the side of the vehicle. Preferably, this llmiting line of sight overlaps portions of the side of the vehicle to better provide the operator with a reference in determining relative locations of objects that appear within that field. The angular extent of this field of view designated X is effectively o~ the o~der of 35 degrees. Consequently, it will be readily seen that the field of view is clearly inade-quate to provide an operator, indicated to be located at a position designated ~ within the vehicle with reflected images of objects or vehicles thatmaybelaterally spaced from..or furtller forward with respect to the vehicle as to bc outside the angular field of view designated by the letter X. -;
1~33394 1 It is the objcctive of tlle auxiliary mirror 13 as applied to the primary mirror 10 to increase this lateral angular field of view to that which is designatecl Y in ~igure ~. rhis substantially greater angular field of view in a horizontal plane with the mirror construction utilizing a spherical shell 15 oriented as previously described, extcnds from the baseline A to substantially a line which will be 80 - 90 degrees displaced from the side of the vehicle.
Some of the important advantages o-f the speci-fic structural configuration of the auxiliary mirror 13 of this invention include the presentation of a relatively wide field of view in a horizontal plane of a particularly important area. This field of view is limited Ln its vertical extent to a relatively narrow band but this band includes a nearlY 90 de~ree horizontal field nf v;ew in the regi~n where the operator of the vehicle will be readily able to detect the presence of other vehicles at a positinn where greater detail is unimportant. However, this relatively limited display of a vehicle in the so-called-blind spot area is of substantial advan-tage in that the reflection or field of view does cover an area which would otherwise require the vehicle operator to physically turn his head and directly view that area. In the matter of changing lanes on multi-lane highways, this is a particularly important feature. Merely checking the primary planar mirror 10 only indicates whether a vehicle is in a substclntially rearward position with respect to the operator's own vehicle. There is ~i really no indication in that mirror of the presence and location of a vehicle immediately sideways of the vehible but still su-f:Fi-ciently rearward that the peripheral vision is unablc to detect such a vehicle. A further advantage is that the wide angle field of view in a horizontal plane is relatlve:ly l;mited in its vertical extent 7 both upwardly and downwardly, and thus the operator is not ~08339~
1 presented with a substantial amoun~ oE extrancous ;,n:Eormation and detail that is of no concern to his opera-ting decislons.
It is only the lateral position o~E a vehicle in this "blind spot" ~hat is essential Eor the operator's sae'pe,rformance and maneuvering of his vehicle. Furthermore, this observa-tion is facilitated by the directive effect of the auxiliary mirrorselongated configuration and which enhances the vehicle operator's ability to sa:Eely control the vehicle.
~ modified form of the auxiliary mirror structure 13 as shown in Fig~res 1, 2 and 3, is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6. These two figures illustrate a body of material which is formed to directly attach to the sur~ace 12 of the mirror lO. This body again is a segment o~E a spherical shell and is designated generally by the numerals 23. In this embodiment the spherical shell segment 23 is formed ~rom a material which is not optically transmissive and may be advantageously formed from a suitable synthetic resinous plas~ic material. Such ma-terials can be readily formed by suitable processes and in this instance the body of this segment of spherical shell will be formed with an outer surface 24 that would be coated with a suitable silvering material to thus form the reElecting sur-~ace. It will be noted that this spherical shell segment 2 is also of substantially the same dimensional con~igurationS
as that of the first described embodiment and is positioned in substantially the same location on the primary mirror lO.
It will also be noted that while the surface 24 of this shell segment is provided with a silvered surface, the two side walls 25 as well as the end wa:Ll 26 are preEerably not silvered. The objective of not silvering those wall surfaces is to prevent totally erroneous reflections ~rom vertical oriented objccts either above or below the ml,rror as well as that portion of the vehicle body which is adjacent to the end surEace 26.
... . , . , . .. , , . . . . ~ .. . .. . .. . . .
1 Attachment o -this ~ Ql~ 3ed ~orm o~ the auxlliary mirror 23 can be readily accompl:ished by means o-f a layer o:E adhesive material 27 interposed between a bottom surEace o~ the spherical shell segment and the outer sur~ace 12 of the primary mirror 10.
A ~urther modified form of the invention is illustrated in Figures 7, 8 and 9. Figure 7 illustrates a primary mirror 2g having a segment of a spherical surEace 29 integrally formecl in the body of the mirror. The primary mirror 28 is formed from a glass or other optically transmissive material and is of a ~-thickness adequate to incorporate the vertical dimension o:E the spherical surface 29. Again the spherical segment surface 29 is located in extreme corner of the structure and thus is open at both one longitudinal edge and one end cdge of the primary mirror 28. The dimensional configuration of the segment of spherical surace 29 is preferably the same as that heretofore described with the other two embodiments and it will be seen that the one end will be contiguous with a lower surface 30 of the primary mirror. Also there will be only one longitudinal sldewall 31 which is spaced a distance from the bottom longitudinal edge of the primary mirror. Reflective capability is achieved by coating the surface 29 with a layer of suitable silvering material. This silvering material is not applied to the side-wall surface 31 although it will be applied to the sur-face 30 o~ the primary mirror.
Another modified form of the invention is illustrated in Figures 10, 11 and 12. This modi~ied structure comprises integrally formed planar or primary mirror sur~ace 32 and segment o-f a sphreical surface 33. As can be best scen in Figure 10, the segment of spherical sur~ace 33 which is dimensionally the same as those of the previously described rnirrors is formecl in a corner area of the primary mirror and thus presell~s the same advantageous 8339~
l location for viewing of lateral areas without seriously obstructing the relatively narrow field o:E vicw provided by the primary mirror surface 32 and directed substantially rearwardly of the vehicle.
This particular type of mirror is preferably formed -from a plastic material which can be molded as a one piece structure with the different surface areas 32 and 33. While the entire outer surface 32 and 33 will be provided with a suitable silvering material the edge surfaces are pre-ferably not provided with such silvering.
In particular an internal edge surface 3~ associated with the segmental spherical surface 33 as best indicated in Figure 12 is not provided with the silvering material. This will prevent the extrenuous re-flections that would otherwise be produced by the cooperatively adjacent surfaces 3~ and that oE theprimary mirror 32.
It will be readily apparent from the foregoing detailed descriptions of several embodiments of this invention that a particular novel and useful mirror is provided for automotive vehicle purposes. The mirror of this invention is specifically designed and inherently capable of providing the substantially increased field of view necessary to eliminate the present b`land spot that exists in the case of conventional mirrors having a single, flat, planar surface. The mirror construction o-f this invention limits the auxiliary fièld of view to a speciEically defined area that is of exceptional interest to the vehicle operator in ascertaining the presence of an object or vehicle immediately laterally positioned with respect to his own vehicle.
The segment of spherical surface is of considerable advantage in this respect as it provides a slight vertically upward and down-ward field of view to better form reference or a relationship to the image reflected by the primary mirror for the operator.
The angular disposition of the vertical segmen1 with respect to the primary planar mirror surface results in this segment ~eing 108339~
1 particularly capable o~ :illustrating the extremé lateral extent o~ this field o~ v:Lel~ as well as providing a line of sight in reference Wit]l respect to the s;de o:E -the vehicle.
The elongated configuration provides a directive eEfect that tends to guide the observers visual attcntion to the area of particular concern. Additionally, the struc-ture can be read-ily abricated as a separate unit easily mounted on existing mirror structures or can be readily incorporated in an inte-grally formed device to avoid the external appearance of an auxiliary mirror structure. lt will also be apparent that a mirror embodying this invention may be constructed to be positioned on either side of a vehicle and provide the advan-tageous field of view.
1 ~ACKGROUND O~ T~l~ INVENTION
Vehicle mirrorsas conventionally provided comprise a planar re:Electing surface of sufficient area to meet the normal requirements for establishing a field of view with respect to the vehicle operator. These mirrors may be either installed in the interior of the vehicle for rearward vision through a wîndow at the back of the vehicle or attached to the side door panels at either side for primarily enlarging the -field of vie~ in a side~rclor lateral direction. This invention i5 directed primarily to the exterior mounted side viel~ mirrors that are attached to the doors of the vehicle or may be mounted on the front fender. While the objective o~ such auxiliary mirrors in the form of a side mounted type is to enlarge and enhance the lateral directed field of view with respect to the vehicle operator, the mirrors presently available and on the market remain inherently incapable of providing the optimum ' ield of view with a,positive reference to the vehicle itsel-f.
Attempts have been made to improve the per:Eormance of such mirrors by providing auxiliary mirror structures~that may either be independently mounted on the vehicle or attached to the conventional side mounted mirrors. The usual type of auxil-B iary mirror heretofore provided comprises a circular segment of a spherical surfaced shell that may be adhesively bonded onto a surface of theprimary mirror if the primary mirror is su:Efi-ciently large as in the case of truck mirrors. Alternatively, a spherical segment mirror may be mounted ex~eriorly on the vehicle in independent relationship to any oE the other mirrors.
108339~
1 While these spherical segment mirrors provide a large ield of view it will be recognized that such mirrors provide an enlarged -field af view through 360 degrees of viewing angle. The disadvan-tage o-f this enlargement of the field of view is that the operator of the vehicle is necessarily presented with a vastly distorted peripheral field o-f view which includes substantial portions - that are immaterial from a safety standpoint. It will be readily apparent that such a mirror provides a field of view which includes an extensive and unimportant view o~ the side o~ the vehicle and w}lich also extends substantially upwards as well as downwards with respect to the vehicle and these areas are of no real interest or signiicance to safe operation o-f the vehicle.
- Accordingly, it will be seen that the circular spherical segment mirrors as well as others, such as cylindrical convex type which have been devised in attempts to overcome the inherent blind spot that occurs with the standard planar re~Iecting sur-ace mirrors have not succeeded in achieving this desirable objective. While such mirrors may approach the desire in obtain-ing a -field of view adequate for the purposes of the driver they inherently incorporate and produce a subtantially greater area of viewing that tends to d~tract from their use:Eulness and accordingly tend to detract and decrease the safety -features that were originally attempted to be achieved.
~08~3~4 1 SUMMARY O~ 'rII~.l INV~NTION
In accordance with this i.nvention a compQsite mirror is provided :in ~hich the major portion or primary sec-tlon of the mirror conforms to the usual standards of havinga planar reflecting surface for producing a relati.~ely narrow angular ield of view in a horizontal plane immediately adja-cent to the vehiclc when utilized at a side of the vehicle.
The composite mirror of ~his invention has the further objective of providing an auxiliary mirror reflecting surface enabling the operator to independently view a specified area at the side of the vehicle which includes a lateral angle of substan-~ial extent and optimally approaches a 90 degree a~gle to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. Achievement of this objective thus produces a mirror wherein a vehicle operator may readily ascertain the presence of a vehicle in an area which would otherwise not be seen in a conventional planar mirror properly adjusted in accordance with specified standards to view an area ~hich extends angularly outward from a side of the vehicle to 20 only a relatively limited extent.
Accomplishment of this objective is achieved through the combination of a planar mirror surface and a segment of an arcuately curved mirror, which mirror may have a reflecting sur-face that is a spherical surface segment~ that is incorporated in or mounted Oll a relatively small portion of the area o-f the planar mirror. ~his arrangement places thc arcuately curved.
segment reflecting surface of the auxiliary mirror in an area .1ith respect to the pri.mary mirror such that the field o:E view of the primary mirror is substantially unobstructed by the ad-~0 dition of this auxiliary m~rror- In :its ~refcrred form, the .
, 1~83394 1 auxiliary mirror is of elongated conEigura-ti.on and is orient-ed to extend in its longer dimension in a plane o-f viewing to thus provide a sense o:E direction to the observer's viewing.
Specifically, the location of the auxiliary mirror is pre-fer-ably in the lower right corner o:E a mirror mounted on the dri-~er's side of the vehicle whereas a similar type of mirror on the passenger side would have the mirror segment locatcd in the lower left corner.
This invention illustrates the various techniques providing a composite mirror to effectively obtain and achieve the two distinct and separate fields of view regarding the side areas of a motor vehicle. One such teclmique incorporates a structure wherein the auxiliary mirror is formed as a separate entity that is applied to the primary mirror in order to enable vehicle operators to modify an existing mirror and obtaining the ad~antages of this invention. Another constructional tech-nique for providing a mirror incorporating the feature of this invention is the formation of a primary mirror which integrally ..
comprises the-auxiliary mirror surface. This integrally formed portion may appear either on the exterior or outwardly facing surface of the primary mirror or it may be incorporated in the rear surface. The only difference between these two techniques is that the slivering for forming the reflecting surface in one instance is applied to the outer surface whereas in the other it would be applied to the rear surface of the primary mirror.
According to one broad aspect of this invention, an optical mirror is provided comprising a primary mirror having a reflecting surface that includes a side edge and which is adapted to be normally viewed Erom a position displaced in la-terally out~Yard o:ffset relat;.onshi~ wlth res~ect to said side .
~, 1~8339~
1 edge, said primary reflectino surface providing a primary an-gular :Eield o:E view oE predetermined extent in a first plane oriented in generally perpelldicular relationship to said side edge and said primary reflecting surface, and an auxiliary mirror carried by said primary mirror, said auxiliary mirror being substantially lesser in dimension than said primary mirror and disposed closely adjacent said side edge of said primary mirror and terminating in spaced re-lationship to an opposite side edge of said primary mirror to thereby leave a substantial primary reflecting surface area ~herebetween, said auxiliary mirror having an arcuately curved reflecting.surface providing an auxiliary angular Eield of view of predetermined extent in said first plane oriented in generally perpendicular relationship to said side eclge and said primary reElecting surface of said primary mirror with the aux-iliary angular field of view of said auxiliary mirror being sub-stantially greater than the primary angular field of view pro-vided by the reflecting surface of said primary mirror, said auxiliary angular field of vie~ being at least partially co-extensive witn the primary angular field of view and extending be~ond the primary angular field of view of said primary mir-ror only in a direction away from said side edge and across the reflecting sur:Eace o:E said primary mirror with respect to the point of viewing.
According to another broad aspect of this i.nvention, an auxiliary mirror is provided ~or mounting on a vie~ing sur-face of a primary mirror having a substantially larger prede-termined reflecting surface comprising a body o:E elonga-ted COll-figuration in plan view with a longitudinal axis and formed ~ith a base surface adapted :~or mounting thereof in juxtaposi--tion on the primary mirror's vie~ing sur:Eace and ,1 re.Electing 108339~
1 surface dispose~ in overlyi.ng superposed relationship to said base surface with opposite ends of the auxiliary reflecting surface along said longitudinal axis being spaccd at relative-ly different distances from said base surface, said auxiliary re:Electing surface having a longitudinal axis aligned with the longitudinal axis of the au~iliary mirror and being substan-tial-ly greater in dimension along the longitudinal axis than along an axis transverse thereto thereby providing an auxiliary an-gular field of view of predetermined extent in a first plane extending longitudinally of said reflecting surface that is substantially greater than the angular field of view in a sec-ond plane oriented t'ransversely to said first plane with re-spect to a point of observation.
These and other objects and advan-tages of the inven- ^`
tion will be readily apparent ~rom the followi.ng detailed des-cription of the several embodiments thereof and the accompany-.
ing drawings.
-108339~
l D~SCRIPTI0l~ 017'l'H~ DR~l~ING 17IGURES
Figure 1 is a Eront view of a mirror embodying this invention.
Figure 2 is a ~ragmentary vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic pl~n view o-f the field o:E view of the mirror.
Figure 5 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view similar to Figure 2 oE a modified mirror.
Figure 6 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view similar to Figure 3 of the modiEied mirror.
Figure 7 is a front view of a modiEied mirror embodying this invention.
Figure g is a fragmentary vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line g-g oE Figure 7.
Figure 9 is a fragmentary vertical sectional vicw on an enlarged scale taken along line 9-9 o:E Figure 7.
Figure 10 is a Eront view of another modified mirror embodying this invention.
Figure 11 is a fragm~ntary vertical sectional view on an enlarged scale taken along line 11-11 oE r:igure 10.
Figure 12 is a fragmentary vertical scctional vie~ on an enlarged scale taken along line 12-12 oE ~igure 10.
~08339a~
DESCR:[PTION O~: Tl-IB ILLUSTRATIV~ EMBODIM~NT
Having reference to the drawings a basic form of the invention is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3. In Figure 1, a con-ventionally shaped side view mirror 10 is shown in elevationwithout the auxiliary supporting or moun-ting components. Those structural components bear no relationship to this invention other than to provide the necessary support -for the mirror in the attachemènt or mounting thereof on the side o-f the vehicle.
However, since such mounting components are ~ell known, it is not deemed necessary to illustrate or describe those structures i`
in conjunction with the illustrative embodiments.
The sideview mirror designated as the primary mirror 10 is illustrated as a planar surfaced device which comprises a flat sheet o-f glass or other optically transmissive material having a coating of silvering material 11 applied to a rearwardly facing surface thereof as indicated in Figure 2.
The illustrated primary mirror 10 is of conventional rectangular configuration and may be of the generally available size of 3 X 5 inches and mounted wlth the long axis horizontally dis-posed.
Mounted on the exterior or outwardly facinglsurface 12 of the primary mirror 10 is the secondary or auxiliary mirror 13 of this invention. In this specific embodiment the auxiliary mirror 13 comprises a self contained structure which is specific-ally adapted for mounting on the cxterior sur~ace 12 of the mirror 10. As indicated in Figures 2 and 3, the auxiliary mirror 13 is readily mounted by mcans of a layer of adhesive material ~1)83394 1 14 that is applied in interposing relat:ionship between opposed and adjacent surfaces o:~ the two mirrors. ..
Included in the auxiliary mirror struc~urc 13 as illus-trateed in Figure 1, 2 and 3, is a rectangularly shaped segmentof an arcuately curved or spherical shell 15. ~his shell 15 is preferably formed with a reflecting surEace having a radius o~
curvature which may be o~ the order of 4.75 inches. The longi-tudinal dimension o~ the segment in the illustrative embodiment is approximately one and seven-eighth inches with a width dimen-sion of the order of one and one-eighth inches. This segmen-tal portion of the spherical shell 15 is formed Erom a transparent material such as glass and is provided at an inwardly facing surface thereof with a layer of suitable silvering material 16 thereby forming the reflecting surface.
Providing mechanical.support for the segmental spher- - .
ical shell 15 is an open topped receptacle or retaining enclosure 17 having a flat bottom wall 18. Projecting upwardly from the peripheral edges of the rectangular bottom wall 18 are longi-tudinal sidewalls 19 and the transversely extending endwalls 20 and 21. It will be noted that the one.endwall 21 which is dis-posed~most closely adjacent to a side edge of the primary mirror 10, is substantially higher than the opposite endwall 20. As best seen in Figure 2, the segment oE spherical shell 15 is disposed within the enclosing walls 19, 20 and 21, so that the one end is substantially coextensive with the shorter wall 20, while the other is relatively elevated and coextensive with the upper end of the wall 21. Accordingly, it will be noted that the spherical segment is positioned in angularly inclincd relat-ionship to the exterior sur:Eace o~ the primary mirror. In the illustrative embodi.ment, the wall 21 is of a height to supportthat adjacent end of spherical shell segment 15 at approximately 108339~
1 5/16ths of an inch -further outward fromthe surface 12 of the primary mirror than the opposi~e end adjacent the endwall 20.
Securing the spherical segment 15 within the retaining enclosure 17 is an adhesive material 22 which is solidified and forms a structurally rigid support -for the spheri.cal segment.
As previously indicated, the auxiliary mirror 13 is adhesively secured to the outer surface 12 of the primary mirror by a layer of adhesive 14 and is positioned as illustrated in Figure 1, with respect to the side view mirror that is designed to be attached to the left or driver's side of a vehicle. This relative positio.ning of the mirror 10 on a vehicle is diagram-matically illustrated in Figure ~. Also diagrammatically illus-trated in Figure 4 is the normal field of view that is obtained through utilization of only the planar reflecting surface of that mirror. This, angular field of view referenced to a hori-zontal plane is designated X and includes a horizontal angular space extending from a base or reference line which is effective-ly aligned with the side of the vehicle. Preferably, this llmiting line of sight overlaps portions of the side of the vehicle to better provide the operator with a reference in determining relative locations of objects that appear within that field. The angular extent of this field of view designated X is effectively o~ the o~der of 35 degrees. Consequently, it will be readily seen that the field of view is clearly inade-quate to provide an operator, indicated to be located at a position designated ~ within the vehicle with reflected images of objects or vehicles thatmaybelaterally spaced from..or furtller forward with respect to the vehicle as to bc outside the angular field of view designated by the letter X. -;
1~33394 1 It is the objcctive of tlle auxiliary mirror 13 as applied to the primary mirror 10 to increase this lateral angular field of view to that which is designatecl Y in ~igure ~. rhis substantially greater angular field of view in a horizontal plane with the mirror construction utilizing a spherical shell 15 oriented as previously described, extcnds from the baseline A to substantially a line which will be 80 - 90 degrees displaced from the side of the vehicle.
Some of the important advantages o-f the speci-fic structural configuration of the auxiliary mirror 13 of this invention include the presentation of a relatively wide field of view in a horizontal plane of a particularly important area. This field of view is limited Ln its vertical extent to a relatively narrow band but this band includes a nearlY 90 de~ree horizontal field nf v;ew in the regi~n where the operator of the vehicle will be readily able to detect the presence of other vehicles at a positinn where greater detail is unimportant. However, this relatively limited display of a vehicle in the so-called-blind spot area is of substantial advan-tage in that the reflection or field of view does cover an area which would otherwise require the vehicle operator to physically turn his head and directly view that area. In the matter of changing lanes on multi-lane highways, this is a particularly important feature. Merely checking the primary planar mirror 10 only indicates whether a vehicle is in a substclntially rearward position with respect to the operator's own vehicle. There is ~i really no indication in that mirror of the presence and location of a vehicle immediately sideways of the vehible but still su-f:Fi-ciently rearward that the peripheral vision is unablc to detect such a vehicle. A further advantage is that the wide angle field of view in a horizontal plane is relatlve:ly l;mited in its vertical extent 7 both upwardly and downwardly, and thus the operator is not ~08339~
1 presented with a substantial amoun~ oE extrancous ;,n:Eormation and detail that is of no concern to his opera-ting decislons.
It is only the lateral position o~E a vehicle in this "blind spot" ~hat is essential Eor the operator's sae'pe,rformance and maneuvering of his vehicle. Furthermore, this observa-tion is facilitated by the directive effect of the auxiliary mirrorselongated configuration and which enhances the vehicle operator's ability to sa:Eely control the vehicle.
~ modified form of the auxiliary mirror structure 13 as shown in Fig~res 1, 2 and 3, is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6. These two figures illustrate a body of material which is formed to directly attach to the sur~ace 12 of the mirror lO. This body again is a segment o~E a spherical shell and is designated generally by the numerals 23. In this embodiment the spherical shell segment 23 is formed ~rom a material which is not optically transmissive and may be advantageously formed from a suitable synthetic resinous plas~ic material. Such ma-terials can be readily formed by suitable processes and in this instance the body of this segment of spherical shell will be formed with an outer surface 24 that would be coated with a suitable silvering material to thus form the reElecting sur-~ace. It will be noted that this spherical shell segment 2 is also of substantially the same dimensional con~igurationS
as that of the first described embodiment and is positioned in substantially the same location on the primary mirror lO.
It will also be noted that while the surface 24 of this shell segment is provided with a silvered surface, the two side walls 25 as well as the end wa:Ll 26 are preEerably not silvered. The objective of not silvering those wall surfaces is to prevent totally erroneous reflections ~rom vertical oriented objccts either above or below the ml,rror as well as that portion of the vehicle body which is adjacent to the end surEace 26.
... . , . , . .. , , . . . . ~ .. . .. . .. . . .
1 Attachment o -this ~ Ql~ 3ed ~orm o~ the auxlliary mirror 23 can be readily accompl:ished by means o-f a layer o:E adhesive material 27 interposed between a bottom surEace o~ the spherical shell segment and the outer sur~ace 12 of the primary mirror 10.
A ~urther modified form of the invention is illustrated in Figures 7, 8 and 9. Figure 7 illustrates a primary mirror 2g having a segment of a spherical surEace 29 integrally formecl in the body of the mirror. The primary mirror 28 is formed from a glass or other optically transmissive material and is of a ~-thickness adequate to incorporate the vertical dimension o:E the spherical surface 29. Again the spherical segment surface 29 is located in extreme corner of the structure and thus is open at both one longitudinal edge and one end cdge of the primary mirror 28. The dimensional configuration of the segment of spherical surace 29 is preferably the same as that heretofore described with the other two embodiments and it will be seen that the one end will be contiguous with a lower surface 30 of the primary mirror. Also there will be only one longitudinal sldewall 31 which is spaced a distance from the bottom longitudinal edge of the primary mirror. Reflective capability is achieved by coating the surface 29 with a layer of suitable silvering material. This silvering material is not applied to the side-wall surface 31 although it will be applied to the sur-face 30 o~ the primary mirror.
Another modified form of the invention is illustrated in Figures 10, 11 and 12. This modi~ied structure comprises integrally formed planar or primary mirror sur~ace 32 and segment o-f a sphreical surface 33. As can be best scen in Figure 10, the segment of spherical sur~ace 33 which is dimensionally the same as those of the previously described rnirrors is formecl in a corner area of the primary mirror and thus presell~s the same advantageous 8339~
l location for viewing of lateral areas without seriously obstructing the relatively narrow field o:E vicw provided by the primary mirror surface 32 and directed substantially rearwardly of the vehicle.
This particular type of mirror is preferably formed -from a plastic material which can be molded as a one piece structure with the different surface areas 32 and 33. While the entire outer surface 32 and 33 will be provided with a suitable silvering material the edge surfaces are pre-ferably not provided with such silvering.
In particular an internal edge surface 3~ associated with the segmental spherical surface 33 as best indicated in Figure 12 is not provided with the silvering material. This will prevent the extrenuous re-flections that would otherwise be produced by the cooperatively adjacent surfaces 3~ and that oE theprimary mirror 32.
It will be readily apparent from the foregoing detailed descriptions of several embodiments of this invention that a particular novel and useful mirror is provided for automotive vehicle purposes. The mirror of this invention is specifically designed and inherently capable of providing the substantially increased field of view necessary to eliminate the present b`land spot that exists in the case of conventional mirrors having a single, flat, planar surface. The mirror construction o-f this invention limits the auxiliary fièld of view to a speciEically defined area that is of exceptional interest to the vehicle operator in ascertaining the presence of an object or vehicle immediately laterally positioned with respect to his own vehicle.
The segment of spherical surface is of considerable advantage in this respect as it provides a slight vertically upward and down-ward field of view to better form reference or a relationship to the image reflected by the primary mirror for the operator.
The angular disposition of the vertical segmen1 with respect to the primary planar mirror surface results in this segment ~eing 108339~
1 particularly capable o~ :illustrating the extremé lateral extent o~ this field o~ v:Lel~ as well as providing a line of sight in reference Wit]l respect to the s;de o:E -the vehicle.
The elongated configuration provides a directive eEfect that tends to guide the observers visual attcntion to the area of particular concern. Additionally, the struc-ture can be read-ily abricated as a separate unit easily mounted on existing mirror structures or can be readily incorporated in an inte-grally formed device to avoid the external appearance of an auxiliary mirror structure. lt will also be apparent that a mirror embodying this invention may be constructed to be positioned on either side of a vehicle and provide the advan-tageous field of view.
Claims (21)
1. An optical mirror comprising a primary mirror having a reflecting surface that includes a side edge and which is adapted to be normally viewed from a position displaced in laterally outward off-set relationship with respect to said side edge, said pri-mary reflecting surface providing a primary angular field of view of predetermined extent in a first plane oriented in generally perpendicular relationship to said side edge and said primary reflecting surface, and an auxiliary mirror carried by said primary mirror, said auxiliary mirror being substantially lesser in dimen-sion than said primary mirror and disposed closely adjacent said side edge of said primary mirror and terminating in spaced relationship to an opposite side edge of said primary mirror to thereby leave a substantial primary reflecting sur-face area therebetween, said auxiliary mirror having an ar-cuately curved reflecting surface providing an auxiliary angular field of view of predetermined extent in said first plane oriented in generally perpendicular relationship to said side edge and said primary reflecting surface of said primary mirror with the auxiliary angular field of view of said auxiliary mirror being substantially greater than the primary angular field of view provided by the reflecting surface of said primary mirror, said auxiliary angular field of view being at least partially coextensive with the pri-mary angular field of view and extending beyond the primary angular field of view of said primary mirror only in a dir-ection away from said side edge and across the reflecting surface of said primary mirror with respect to the point of viewing,
2, An optical mirror according to claim 1 wherein said auxiliary mirror reflecting surface is oriented with respect to the reflecting surface of said primary mirror such that said planes of the respective angular fields of view are coplanar.
3. An optical mirror according to claim 2 wherein the annular field of view of said auxiliary mirror includes substantially all of the angular field of view of said pri-mary mirror in said planes,
4. An optical mirror according to claim 3 wherein the respective angular fields of view are coincident at one limiting extent.
5. An optical mirror according to claim 1 wherein the reflecting surface of said auxiliary mirror is arcuately curved to provide a greater angular field of view than that of said primary mirror reflecting surface in a second plane oriented substantially perpendicular to said first mentioned plane.
6. An optical mirror according to claim 5 wherein the angular field of view of said auxiliary mirror reflecting surface in said second plane includes the angular field of view of said primary mirror reflecting surface.
7. An optical mirror according to claim 6 wherein the angular field of view of said auxiliary mirror reflecting surface in said second plane extends beyond the field of view of said primary mirror in only one direction with respect to said first plane.
8. An optical mirror according to claim 1 wherein said auxiliary mirror is substantially smaller than said primary mirror and is positioned closely adjacent said side edge thereof and an edge perpendicular to said side edge.
9. An optical mirror according to claim 1 wherein said auxiliary mirror's reflecting surface has a dimension in said first plane that is greater than the dimension thereof in said second plane.
10. An optical mirror according to claim 1 wherein said auxiliary mirror is carried on an exterior viewing surface of said primary mirror.
11. An optical mirror according to claim 10 wherein said auxiliary mirror includes an element having a reflect-ing surface formed on an exterior face thereof.
12. An optical mirror according to claim 11 wherein said element is secured to said primary mirror.
13. An optical mirror according to claim 11 wherein said element is integrally formed with said primary mirror.
14. An optical mirror according to claim 1 wherein said auxiliary mirror reflecting surface is integrally formed in said primary mirror.
15. An optical mirror according to claim 1 wherein said auxiliary mirror reflecting surface is formed on an interior surface of a uniformly thick shell.
16. An auxiliary mirror for mounting on a viewing surface of a primary mirror having a substantially larger predetermined reflecting surface comprising a body of elon-gated configuration in plan view with a longitudinal axis and formed with a base surface adapted for mounting thereof in juxtaposition on the primary mirror's viewing surface and a reflecting surface disposed in overlying superposed rela-tionship to said base surface with opposite ends of the aux-iliary reflecting surface along said longitudinal axis being spaced at relatively different distances from said base sur-face, said auxiliary reflecting surface having a longitudinal axis aligned with the longitudinal axis of the auxiliary mir-ror and being substantially greater in dimension along the longitudinal axis than along an ax-is transverse thereto there-by providing an auxiliary angular field of view of predeter-mined extent in a first plane extending longitudinally of said reflecting surface that is substantially greater than the angular field of view in a second plane oriented trans-versely to said first plane with respect to a point of obser-vation.
17. An auxiliary mirror according to claim 16 wherein said auxiliary reflecting surface is arcuately curved along its longitudinal axis.
18. An auxiliary mirror according to claim 17 wherein said auxiliary reflecting surface is arcuately curved along its transverse axis.
19. An auxiliary mirror according to claim 16 wherein said auxiliary reflecting surface is a spherical surface segment.
20. An auxiliary mirror according to claim 16 wherein the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse dimensions of said auxiliary reflecting surface is at least of the order of 1.5.
21. An auxiliary mirror according to claim 16 wherein said one end of the auxiliary reflecting surface is displac-ed from said base surface at least one-quarter inch more than the opposite end.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA314,883A CA1083394A (en) | 1978-10-30 | 1978-10-30 | Rear view mirror for vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA314,883A CA1083394A (en) | 1978-10-30 | 1978-10-30 | Rear view mirror for vehicles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1083394A true CA1083394A (en) | 1980-08-12 |
Family
ID=4112763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA314,883A Expired CA1083394A (en) | 1978-10-30 | 1978-10-30 | Rear view mirror for vehicles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1083394A (en) |
-
1978
- 1978-10-30 CA CA314,883A patent/CA1083394A/en not_active Expired
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| MKEX | Expiry |