CA1082054A - Apparatus and process for flame retarding cellulosics - Google Patents
Apparatus and process for flame retarding cellulosicsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1082054A CA1082054A CA264,247A CA264247A CA1082054A CA 1082054 A CA1082054 A CA 1082054A CA 264247 A CA264247 A CA 264247A CA 1082054 A CA1082054 A CA 1082054A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- housing
- percent
- gas
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 230
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- -1 poly(hydroxymethyl) Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O phosphonium Chemical compound [PH4+] XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical group O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004714 phosphonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001416177 Vicugna pacos Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- YIEDHPBKGZGLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium;sulfate Chemical group [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO.OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO YIEDHPBKGZGLIK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008564 Boehmeria nivea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004675 formic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002357 guanidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004029 hydroxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003893 lactate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 2
- 210000000050 mohair Anatomy 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 150000007974 melamines Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 229960004279 formaldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 18
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 235000019645 odor Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- RDBMUARQWLPMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylmethanol Chemical compound OCP RDBMUARQWLPMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 6
- FAUOSXUSCVJWAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium Chemical class OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO FAUOSXUSCVJWAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IOIHFHNPXJFODN-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].OC[P+](CO)(CO)CO IOIHFHNPXJFODN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Pd].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFHFRUOZVGFOOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoylcyclohexan-1-one Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1CCCCC1=O YTVQIZRDLKWECQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001072332 Monia Species 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZHCWVOOQUPXGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N OC[P] Chemical compound OC[P] QZHCWVOOQUPXGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JMXMXKRNIYCNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphanylmethanol Chemical compound OCP(CO)CO JMXMXKRNIYCNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002844 continuous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960004011 methenamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DJFBJKSMACBYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane;hydrate Chemical compound O.P DJFBJKSMACBYBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005496 phosphonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012667 polymer degradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001922 sodium perborate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxidooxy(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OB=O YKLJGMBLPUQQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000271 synthetic detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NURJXHUITUPBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropyl) phosphite Chemical compound CC(C)COP(OCC(C)C)OCC(C)C NURJXHUITUPBOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/46—Compounds containing quaternary nitrogen atoms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/244—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus
- D06M13/282—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing sulfur or phosphorus with compounds containing phosphorus
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/628,678 US4068026A (en) | 1972-04-17 | 1975-11-03 | Process for flame retarding cellulosics |
| US628,678 | 1975-11-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1082054A true CA1082054A (en) | 1980-07-22 |
Family
ID=24519864
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA264,247A Expired CA1082054A (en) | 1975-11-03 | 1976-10-26 | Apparatus and process for flame retarding cellulosics |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5263499A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE847945A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1082054A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE2648464C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2329788A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| IT (1) | IT1063641B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL179493C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| PH (2) | PH12713A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL259535A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1959-10-05 | 1900-01-01 | ||
| BE790943A (fr) * | 1971-11-04 | 1973-05-03 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Procede pour rendre retardatrices de flamme des matieres cellulosiques |
| US3846155A (en) * | 1972-04-17 | 1974-11-05 | Hooker Chemical Corp | Flame retardant process for cellulosics |
-
1976
- 1976-10-26 DE DE19762648464 patent/DE2648464C3/de not_active Expired
- 1976-10-26 CA CA264,247A patent/CA1082054A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-29 PH PH19070A patent/PH12713A/en unknown
- 1976-10-29 FR FR7632777A patent/FR2329788A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-11-01 JP JP13228376A patent/JPS5263499A/ja active Granted
- 1976-11-03 IT IT2901376A patent/IT1063641B/it active
- 1976-11-03 NL NL7612207A patent/NL179493C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-11-03 BE BE172049A patent/BE847945A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1977
- 1977-06-23 PH PH19906A patent/PH14199A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2648464C3 (de) | 1981-05-07 |
| JPS5263499A (en) | 1977-05-25 |
| BE847945A (fr) | 1977-05-03 |
| NL7612207A (nl) | 1977-05-05 |
| FR2329788A1 (fr) | 1977-05-27 |
| NL179493B (nl) | 1986-04-16 |
| NL179493C (nl) | 1986-09-16 |
| JPS6132436B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1986-07-26 |
| IT1063641B (it) | 1985-02-11 |
| DE2648464B2 (de) | 1980-09-11 |
| DE2648464A1 (de) | 1977-05-05 |
| PH14199A (en) | 1981-03-26 |
| FR2329788B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1980-04-04 |
| PH12713A (en) | 1979-07-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |