CA1080556A - Method and device for marking cracks in steel workpieces - Google Patents
Method and device for marking cracks in steel workpiecesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1080556A CA1080556A CA263,715A CA263715A CA1080556A CA 1080556 A CA1080556 A CA 1080556A CA 263715 A CA263715 A CA 263715A CA 1080556 A CA1080556 A CA 1080556A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cracks
- ink
- workpiece
- grinding
- marking
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/22—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to internal surfaces, e.g. of tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/16—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling the spray area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B7/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B7/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding plane surfaces on work, including polishing plane glass surfaces; Accessories therefor involving a reciprocatingly-moved work-table
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
- B05D2202/10—Metallic substrate based on Fe
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
Method and apparatus for marking surface cracks in steel workpieces prior to grinding for eliminating the cracks, in which the cracks are completely filled with ink supplied by a spray gun, excess ink being removed with a scraper. The ink, which may be fluorescent, makes it relatively easy for a grinding machine operator to observe a crack, as compared to present methods.
Method and apparatus for marking surface cracks in steel workpieces prior to grinding for eliminating the cracks, in which the cracks are completely filled with ink supplied by a spray gun, excess ink being removed with a scraper. The ink, which may be fluorescent, makes it relatively easy for a grinding machine operator to observe a crack, as compared to present methods.
Description
M hod and de~ice for marking cracks in steel workpieces This invention relates to a method and a device for marking cracks in steel workpieces before the workpieces are subjected to grinding for removing the cracks.
It is known to remove cracks in the surface layer of steel workpiece by spot grinding prior to the processing of the workpiece, for example by rolling, in order to prevent the transfer of cracks into the processed workpiece.
The positions of surface cracks in steel workpieces to be ground are detected in different ways. The workpiece can be inspected before the grinding is commenced, and the cracks are marked by chalk or the like. The depth of possible cracks cannot be determined by a superficial inspection and, ~;
therefore, the operator of the grinding tool must be able to observe the crack all the time until its complete elimina-tion. Narrow cracks are sometimes very hard to detect with the naked eye, which involves the risk that the crack is not eliminated completely and that much material is cut unneces-sarily.
The present invention provides a method and a device for marking cracks in steel workpieces prior to the grinding of the workpieces, by which method and device the aforesaid disadvantages are overcome. This is achieved thereby that the invention has been given the characterizing features defined in the claims.
, . . .
Owiny to the viscosity of the ink which is adjusted to this purpose and owing to its application to the steel workpiece at a suitable pressure and in abundant quantity, a complete filling of all surface cracks is ensured. The ink is to some extent heat-resistant so as to be able to withstand the heat developing at the cutting operation during the grinding process.
The ink preferably should have fluorescent properties, because it facilitates the observation of the ink-filled crack all the time during the grinding process until the complete elimination of the crack.
The ink scraper has the object of removing all excess ink from the surface of the steel workpiece, in order to make the ink-filled cracks appear in a clear manner.
A spray-gun for applying ink to the steel workpiece provided with surface cracks preferably may be attached to the control and inspection cabin and be operated from the interior thereof. The ink-spraying may also take place at a separate examination station outside the grinding machine.
The steel workpieces, from which surface cracks are to be removed, mostly are so-called billets or slabs. As these may have a length of 9 m and more, the inspection and marking preferably should be carried out in a step before the grinding operation is commenced. The billet or slab is then advanced past the control and inspection space where the operator records the surface cracks and marks them with ink.
In accordance with one broad aspect, the invention relates to a method of detecting, marking and removing surface cracks from the surface of a metal workpiece, which method comprises the steps of placing the workpiece on a grinding table which moves the workpiece under inspection of an operator; detecting cracks on the surface of the workpiece;
marking the cracks with ink which has a viscosity sufficiently , . :
low so that it entirely fills each crack, the ink having a high heat resistance to enable it to withstand heat developed during grinding, and being an easily seen colour or fluorescent to facilitate the observation of the ink-filled cracks; and thereupon eliminating the detected and marked cracks by grinding the surface of the workpiece until the ink is no longer visible, and the marked cracks are therefore entirely eliminated.
The invention is described in greater detail in the following, with reference to an embodiment shown.
Fig. 1 is a lateral view of a grinding machine where the method and the device for carrying out the method according to the invention are utilized, and ~2a-Fig. 1 is a view from above, partly as a section, of a portion of the grinding machine according to Fig. 1.
The grinding machine shown in Fig. 1 which is not a part of the application subject matter, is described only in a summarizing manner. The control and inspection cabin 1 is located near the grinding wheel 2 and billet or slab and is provided with windows 12, through which the billet or slab 3 moving on the grinding table 4 past the cabin can be inspected. 5 designates drive means for the grinding table 4, and 6 designates a device for supplying the drive motor of the grinding wheel with cooling air. A device 11 on the grinding table 4 turns the billet or slab through one quarter of a revolution at a time, so that the billet or slab can be inspected on four sides. Said device 11 for turning the bil-let or slab is previously known and its mode of operation, therefore, is not described here.
At the embodiment shown the marking of surface cracks in the billet or slab is effected from the control ; and inspection cabin 1. The operator has a view of the billet or slab 3 through the windows 12 and can detect possible sur-face cracks. Each crack is marked by ink, which at the em-bodiment shown is applied by means of a spray-gun 7 operated from the cabin 1. The spray-gun comprises an oblong mouth-pipe 13 so that the nozzle 14 located at the end of the mouth-pipe can be moved alongthe entire extension of the crack while the ink is being sprayed. The nozzle 14 preferably is direct-ed substantially perpendicular to the surface of the steel billet or slab 3 in order to faciliate the penetration of the ink into the crack and filling it completely. Excess ink is removed from the surface of the billet or slab by means of an ink-scraper 9, which at the embodiment shown is actuated hydraulically or pneumatically. The ink-scraper 9 comprises ,.. .
"~' . ' ' ' ' . ' . . . . .
a scraping portion, which in actuated position abuts the surface of the billet or slab 3 with an adjusted pressure.
The ink-scraper may at one embodiment be designed movable along the billet or slab 3 by means of a suitable moving device (not shown), which may be operated mechanically, electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically. The ink-scraper may also be stationary, i.e. not movable along the surface of the billet or slab. At such an embodiment of the ink-scraper the ink is removed thereby that the billet or slab on the grinding table 4 is passed beneath the ink-scraper.
First one side of the billet or slab 3 is inspected and marked along its entire length, whereafter the cracks marked on this side are subjected to grinding. The surface -layer cracks in the steel billets or slabs 3 mostly extend in axial direction, and the operator, therefore, causes the grinding table 4 to carry out a reciprocating movement along the extension of the crack while simultaneously performing grinding. The cracks being filled with ink, the operator rapidly can observe the complete elimination of the cracks and must not move the grinding table 4 with the billet or slab 3 slowly past the cabin l for being able to check whether the cracks have been eliminated completely. Checks of this kind were necessary previously. With grinding machines of the kind here concerned the bill or slab is advanced at a speed of up to 60 m/min or higher and, consequently, the heretofore necessary slow movement of the grinding table resulted in a substantially reduced capacity of the grinding machine. ~ ;
At the embodiment shown the cabin 1 is located to the side of the grinding wheel 2 in view of the risk, that a bursting of the grinding wheel may occur.
Due to the fact that the spray-gun for ink-marking the cracks as well as the ink scraper are controlled from the cabin interior, the cabin can be designed as a closed unit and provides a better work environment with respect to noise and dust particles.
The embodiment shown and described can be modified and varied within the scope of the invention. The color used for marking the cracks, for example, may preferably be a contrasting color to that of the bill or slab surface.
The spray-gun may be stationary in relation to the axial extension of the bill or slab, and the spraying take place while the grinding table is being moved. The ink scraper may be angular or have plough-shape relative to the bill or slab surface and thereby have better removing properties. , It may also consist of two scrapers one on each side of the spray-gun.
It is known to remove cracks in the surface layer of steel workpiece by spot grinding prior to the processing of the workpiece, for example by rolling, in order to prevent the transfer of cracks into the processed workpiece.
The positions of surface cracks in steel workpieces to be ground are detected in different ways. The workpiece can be inspected before the grinding is commenced, and the cracks are marked by chalk or the like. The depth of possible cracks cannot be determined by a superficial inspection and, ~;
therefore, the operator of the grinding tool must be able to observe the crack all the time until its complete elimina-tion. Narrow cracks are sometimes very hard to detect with the naked eye, which involves the risk that the crack is not eliminated completely and that much material is cut unneces-sarily.
The present invention provides a method and a device for marking cracks in steel workpieces prior to the grinding of the workpieces, by which method and device the aforesaid disadvantages are overcome. This is achieved thereby that the invention has been given the characterizing features defined in the claims.
, . . .
Owiny to the viscosity of the ink which is adjusted to this purpose and owing to its application to the steel workpiece at a suitable pressure and in abundant quantity, a complete filling of all surface cracks is ensured. The ink is to some extent heat-resistant so as to be able to withstand the heat developing at the cutting operation during the grinding process.
The ink preferably should have fluorescent properties, because it facilitates the observation of the ink-filled crack all the time during the grinding process until the complete elimination of the crack.
The ink scraper has the object of removing all excess ink from the surface of the steel workpiece, in order to make the ink-filled cracks appear in a clear manner.
A spray-gun for applying ink to the steel workpiece provided with surface cracks preferably may be attached to the control and inspection cabin and be operated from the interior thereof. The ink-spraying may also take place at a separate examination station outside the grinding machine.
The steel workpieces, from which surface cracks are to be removed, mostly are so-called billets or slabs. As these may have a length of 9 m and more, the inspection and marking preferably should be carried out in a step before the grinding operation is commenced. The billet or slab is then advanced past the control and inspection space where the operator records the surface cracks and marks them with ink.
In accordance with one broad aspect, the invention relates to a method of detecting, marking and removing surface cracks from the surface of a metal workpiece, which method comprises the steps of placing the workpiece on a grinding table which moves the workpiece under inspection of an operator; detecting cracks on the surface of the workpiece;
marking the cracks with ink which has a viscosity sufficiently , . :
low so that it entirely fills each crack, the ink having a high heat resistance to enable it to withstand heat developed during grinding, and being an easily seen colour or fluorescent to facilitate the observation of the ink-filled cracks; and thereupon eliminating the detected and marked cracks by grinding the surface of the workpiece until the ink is no longer visible, and the marked cracks are therefore entirely eliminated.
The invention is described in greater detail in the following, with reference to an embodiment shown.
Fig. 1 is a lateral view of a grinding machine where the method and the device for carrying out the method according to the invention are utilized, and ~2a-Fig. 1 is a view from above, partly as a section, of a portion of the grinding machine according to Fig. 1.
The grinding machine shown in Fig. 1 which is not a part of the application subject matter, is described only in a summarizing manner. The control and inspection cabin 1 is located near the grinding wheel 2 and billet or slab and is provided with windows 12, through which the billet or slab 3 moving on the grinding table 4 past the cabin can be inspected. 5 designates drive means for the grinding table 4, and 6 designates a device for supplying the drive motor of the grinding wheel with cooling air. A device 11 on the grinding table 4 turns the billet or slab through one quarter of a revolution at a time, so that the billet or slab can be inspected on four sides. Said device 11 for turning the bil-let or slab is previously known and its mode of operation, therefore, is not described here.
At the embodiment shown the marking of surface cracks in the billet or slab is effected from the control ; and inspection cabin 1. The operator has a view of the billet or slab 3 through the windows 12 and can detect possible sur-face cracks. Each crack is marked by ink, which at the em-bodiment shown is applied by means of a spray-gun 7 operated from the cabin 1. The spray-gun comprises an oblong mouth-pipe 13 so that the nozzle 14 located at the end of the mouth-pipe can be moved alongthe entire extension of the crack while the ink is being sprayed. The nozzle 14 preferably is direct-ed substantially perpendicular to the surface of the steel billet or slab 3 in order to faciliate the penetration of the ink into the crack and filling it completely. Excess ink is removed from the surface of the billet or slab by means of an ink-scraper 9, which at the embodiment shown is actuated hydraulically or pneumatically. The ink-scraper 9 comprises ,.. .
"~' . ' ' ' ' . ' . . . . .
a scraping portion, which in actuated position abuts the surface of the billet or slab 3 with an adjusted pressure.
The ink-scraper may at one embodiment be designed movable along the billet or slab 3 by means of a suitable moving device (not shown), which may be operated mechanically, electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically. The ink-scraper may also be stationary, i.e. not movable along the surface of the billet or slab. At such an embodiment of the ink-scraper the ink is removed thereby that the billet or slab on the grinding table 4 is passed beneath the ink-scraper.
First one side of the billet or slab 3 is inspected and marked along its entire length, whereafter the cracks marked on this side are subjected to grinding. The surface -layer cracks in the steel billets or slabs 3 mostly extend in axial direction, and the operator, therefore, causes the grinding table 4 to carry out a reciprocating movement along the extension of the crack while simultaneously performing grinding. The cracks being filled with ink, the operator rapidly can observe the complete elimination of the cracks and must not move the grinding table 4 with the billet or slab 3 slowly past the cabin l for being able to check whether the cracks have been eliminated completely. Checks of this kind were necessary previously. With grinding machines of the kind here concerned the bill or slab is advanced at a speed of up to 60 m/min or higher and, consequently, the heretofore necessary slow movement of the grinding table resulted in a substantially reduced capacity of the grinding machine. ~ ;
At the embodiment shown the cabin 1 is located to the side of the grinding wheel 2 in view of the risk, that a bursting of the grinding wheel may occur.
Due to the fact that the spray-gun for ink-marking the cracks as well as the ink scraper are controlled from the cabin interior, the cabin can be designed as a closed unit and provides a better work environment with respect to noise and dust particles.
The embodiment shown and described can be modified and varied within the scope of the invention. The color used for marking the cracks, for example, may preferably be a contrasting color to that of the bill or slab surface.
The spray-gun may be stationary in relation to the axial extension of the bill or slab, and the spraying take place while the grinding table is being moved. The ink scraper may be angular or have plough-shape relative to the bill or slab surface and thereby have better removing properties. , It may also consist of two scrapers one on each side of the spray-gun.
Claims (2)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A method of detecting, marking and removing surface cracks from the surface of a metal workpiece, which method comprises the steps of placing the workpiece on a grinding table which moves the workpiece under inspection of an operator; detecting cracks on the surface of the workpiece;
marking the cracks with ink which has a viscosity sufficiently low so that it entirely fills each crack, the ink having a high heat resistance to enable it to withstand heat developed during grinding, and being an easily seen colour or fluorescent to facilitate the observation of the ink-filled cracks; and thereupon eliminating the detected and marked cracks by grinding the surface of the workpiece until the ink is no longer visible, and the marked cracks are therefore entirely eliminated.
marking the cracks with ink which has a viscosity sufficiently low so that it entirely fills each crack, the ink having a high heat resistance to enable it to withstand heat developed during grinding, and being an easily seen colour or fluorescent to facilitate the observation of the ink-filled cracks; and thereupon eliminating the detected and marked cracks by grinding the surface of the workpiece until the ink is no longer visible, and the marked cracks are therefore entirely eliminated.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ink is applied to the workpiece surface by spraying and any excess ink is scraped off the workpiece prior to grinding.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7511730A SE7511730L (en) | 1975-10-20 | 1975-10-20 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR MARKING CRACKS IN THE STEEL BLANK |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1080556A true CA1080556A (en) | 1980-07-01 |
Family
ID=20325850
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA263,715A Expired CA1080556A (en) | 1975-10-20 | 1976-10-19 | Method and device for marking cracks in steel workpieces |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5250778A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1080556A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2646999A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2328523A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1562228A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE7511730L (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105562243B (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2018-03-13 | 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 | Continuous casting billet spray device |
| CN114126222B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2024-04-16 | 深南电路股份有限公司 | PCB (printed circuit board) and processing method of PCB solder resist plug hole |
| CN115122170B (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2023-08-29 | 深圳大方智能科技有限公司 | Control method of ground grinding robot |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1351012A (en) * | 1962-02-23 | 1964-01-31 | United States Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for detecting surface defects |
| US3253368A (en) * | 1963-10-08 | 1966-05-31 | Pettibone Mulliken Corp | Surface conditioning grinding machine |
| FR2263857A1 (en) * | 1974-03-13 | 1975-10-10 | Setim | Local surface reparation grinder for rolled bar - has conveyor with drive nip rollers, bar rotator and grinding head |
-
1975
- 1975-10-20 SE SE7511730A patent/SE7511730L/en unknown
-
1976
- 1976-10-18 DE DE19762646999 patent/DE2646999A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-10-19 JP JP51125406A patent/JPS5250778A/en active Pending
- 1976-10-19 FR FR7631397A patent/FR2328523A1/en active Granted
- 1976-10-19 GB GB43294/76A patent/GB1562228A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-10-19 CA CA263,715A patent/CA1080556A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE7511730L (en) | 1977-04-21 |
| GB1562228A (en) | 1980-03-05 |
| FR2328523A1 (en) | 1977-05-20 |
| JPS5250778A (en) | 1977-04-23 |
| FR2328523B1 (en) | 1982-04-02 |
| DE2646999A1 (en) | 1977-05-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 19970702 |
|
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 19970702 |