CA1080514A - Welding material for dissimilar fusion welding of cast iron - Google Patents
Welding material for dissimilar fusion welding of cast ironInfo
- Publication number
- CA1080514A CA1080514A CA282,360A CA282360A CA1080514A CA 1080514 A CA1080514 A CA 1080514A CA 282360 A CA282360 A CA 282360A CA 1080514 A CA1080514 A CA 1080514A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- welding
- welding material
- cast iron
- dissimilar
- zirconium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The present invention relates to a welding material for dissimilar fusion welding of cast iron which consists substantially of a nickel base alloy containing carbon, silicon, manganese and at least one of the carbide forming elements titanium, niobium, tantalum, and zirconium, the percentages of the constituents based on the total weight of the alloy components are the following:
Ni ? 75 %
C ? 2.0 %
Si = 0.05to 5.0 %
Mn = 0.1 to 20.0 %
Ti+Nb+Ta+Zr - 0.5 to 5.0 %
Co = 2.0 to 20.0 % and Fe ? 15.0 %.
The present invention relates to a welding material for dissimilar fusion welding of cast iron which consists substantially of a nickel base alloy containing carbon, silicon, manganese and at least one of the carbide forming elements titanium, niobium, tantalum, and zirconium, the percentages of the constituents based on the total weight of the alloy components are the following:
Ni ? 75 %
C ? 2.0 %
Si = 0.05to 5.0 %
Mn = 0.1 to 20.0 %
Ti+Nb+Ta+Zr - 0.5 to 5.0 %
Co = 2.0 to 20.0 % and Fe ? 15.0 %.
Description
The present invention relates to a welding material for heterogeneous fusion welding of cast iron, particularly (but not solely) of cast iron of the spheroidal graphite type.
There have been a number of proposals for welding cast iron, in particular cast iron containing spheroidal graphite.
A distinction may be drawn fundamentally between welding methods in which a similar weld metal is aimed at, i.e. a weld metal in which the carbon is preponderantly present in the form of spheroidal graphite, and methods in which a dissimilar weld metal is produced, which consists of a nickel alloy and in particular a nickel-iron alloy. ~-Although heterogenous fusion welding has so far offered certain improvements regarding the technical characteristics of the weld metal, the unfavourable effect of heat on the marginal transition areas of the base metal has had to be ameliorated by means of subsequent heat treatment of the welded parts. What is desired is a welding material whose use yields welding results in which fully satisfactory technological properties may be obtained transversely to the welding direction, even in the marginal areas of the welding zone, without special heat treatment of the welded parts.
It is known from German Patent Specification (Auslege-schrift) 2,437,247 that with modified nickel-iron electrodes it is possible to obtain relatively high elongation values, of the order of magnitude of approximately 25 %, upon taking longitudinal traction test specimens from multilayer joint welds. If welds of this kind are tested transversely to the welding direction however (transverse traction test specimens), fracture commonly occurs at quite small elongation values in the region of transition between the weld metal and the base metal, these elongation values lying usually below 5 ~.
The invention provides welding material for dissimilar fusion welding of cast iron, particularly of such of the speroidal 10805~
graphite type, the welding material is composed sub~tantially of a nickel base alloy containing carbon, silicon, manganese and at least one of the carbide.forming elements titanium niobium, tantalum, and zirconium, the percentages of the constituents based on the total weight of the alloy components are the following:
Ni~ 75 %
C C 2.0 %
Si = 0.05 to ~.0 %
. , 0,/
lo A Mn = ~ to 20.0 %
Ti+Nb+Ta+Zr = 0.5 to 5.0 %
Co = 2.0 to 20.0 % and Fe 5 15.0 %
Preferably the silicon content is not more than 3 % and the Mn content not more than 10 %.
In the case of bare wires or rods intended for welding under a protective gas, the composition of the rod or bar practically coincides with that of the weld metal. The adaptations or modifications which should be performed to obtain the desired . ~ -weld metal in the case of other forms of embodiment, say in the case of coated rod electrodes which may contain a proportion of the alloy components within the coating, in the case of submerged arc welding with a wire or strip in combination with an appropriate flux-powder, or in the case of cored wire welding are known and familiar to those versed in the art of welding.
During use of the welding material, the cobalt component makes itself felt in the weld metal in such manner that the forming of brittle structural constituents in the heat-afected ~ transition zone of the base metal is impeded in wholly unexpected manner, so that no premature fracture will occur in this region.
As has been shown by extensive tests, fracture of transverse traction specimens, in which elongation values are reached of the , : ~
~080514 order of magnitude of 15 to 20 %, occurs in the base metal outside the transition region after correspondingly extensive deformation.
Example 1: By way of comparison, welding joints (Vee seams) were produced with 15 mm thick plates of spheroidal graphite cast iron, using the protective gas welding method, with bare wires of a diameter of 1.2~mm, the welding operation being performed without preheating and without subsequent heat treatment. The weld metal practically identical in composition to the wire, had the chemical compositions (in wt.%) listed in Table 1. In the case of specimens 1 and 2, cobalt was present in the Fe/Ni alloys only as an impurity, whereas specimen 3 corresponded to the present invention.
Table 1 Specimen Alloy Composition No. C Si Mn Ti Nb Fe Co Ni 1 0.18 0.43 1.31 0.04 1.12 31.4 0.08 rest
There have been a number of proposals for welding cast iron, in particular cast iron containing spheroidal graphite.
A distinction may be drawn fundamentally between welding methods in which a similar weld metal is aimed at, i.e. a weld metal in which the carbon is preponderantly present in the form of spheroidal graphite, and methods in which a dissimilar weld metal is produced, which consists of a nickel alloy and in particular a nickel-iron alloy. ~-Although heterogenous fusion welding has so far offered certain improvements regarding the technical characteristics of the weld metal, the unfavourable effect of heat on the marginal transition areas of the base metal has had to be ameliorated by means of subsequent heat treatment of the welded parts. What is desired is a welding material whose use yields welding results in which fully satisfactory technological properties may be obtained transversely to the welding direction, even in the marginal areas of the welding zone, without special heat treatment of the welded parts.
It is known from German Patent Specification (Auslege-schrift) 2,437,247 that with modified nickel-iron electrodes it is possible to obtain relatively high elongation values, of the order of magnitude of approximately 25 %, upon taking longitudinal traction test specimens from multilayer joint welds. If welds of this kind are tested transversely to the welding direction however (transverse traction test specimens), fracture commonly occurs at quite small elongation values in the region of transition between the weld metal and the base metal, these elongation values lying usually below 5 ~.
The invention provides welding material for dissimilar fusion welding of cast iron, particularly of such of the speroidal 10805~
graphite type, the welding material is composed sub~tantially of a nickel base alloy containing carbon, silicon, manganese and at least one of the carbide.forming elements titanium niobium, tantalum, and zirconium, the percentages of the constituents based on the total weight of the alloy components are the following:
Ni~ 75 %
C C 2.0 %
Si = 0.05 to ~.0 %
. , 0,/
lo A Mn = ~ to 20.0 %
Ti+Nb+Ta+Zr = 0.5 to 5.0 %
Co = 2.0 to 20.0 % and Fe 5 15.0 %
Preferably the silicon content is not more than 3 % and the Mn content not more than 10 %.
In the case of bare wires or rods intended for welding under a protective gas, the composition of the rod or bar practically coincides with that of the weld metal. The adaptations or modifications which should be performed to obtain the desired . ~ -weld metal in the case of other forms of embodiment, say in the case of coated rod electrodes which may contain a proportion of the alloy components within the coating, in the case of submerged arc welding with a wire or strip in combination with an appropriate flux-powder, or in the case of cored wire welding are known and familiar to those versed in the art of welding.
During use of the welding material, the cobalt component makes itself felt in the weld metal in such manner that the forming of brittle structural constituents in the heat-afected ~ transition zone of the base metal is impeded in wholly unexpected manner, so that no premature fracture will occur in this region.
As has been shown by extensive tests, fracture of transverse traction specimens, in which elongation values are reached of the , : ~
~080514 order of magnitude of 15 to 20 %, occurs in the base metal outside the transition region after correspondingly extensive deformation.
Example 1: By way of comparison, welding joints (Vee seams) were produced with 15 mm thick plates of spheroidal graphite cast iron, using the protective gas welding method, with bare wires of a diameter of 1.2~mm, the welding operation being performed without preheating and without subsequent heat treatment. The weld metal practically identical in composition to the wire, had the chemical compositions (in wt.%) listed in Table 1. In the case of specimens 1 and 2, cobalt was present in the Fe/Ni alloys only as an impurity, whereas specimen 3 corresponded to the present invention.
Table 1 Specimen Alloy Composition No. C Si Mn Ti Nb Fe Co Ni 1 0.18 0.43 1.31 0.04 1.12 31.4 0.08 rest
2 0.25 1.09 0.56 0.33 0.36 49.1 0.11 "
3 0.15 0.47 2.81 0.15 3.10 1.72 5.91 "
The cast iron had the following chemical composition (wt.%):
3.48% C, 2.41% Si, 0.17% Mn, 0.022% P, 0.003% S and 0.047% Mg, the balance being Fe. Its yield point ~ S' amounted to 343 N/mm and its tensile strength ~ B to 465 N/mm2, the elongation ~5 being determined at 19.2%. Tensile test specimens (zylindrical) were taken transversely to the welding seam from the welded plates and tested in respect of their properties. The values shown in Table 2 were obtained.
Table 2 Specimen yi.eld tensileelongation fracture No. point strength ~ S2- 2 %
N/mm N/mm 1 330 411 1.7 in the transition zone 2 327 390 ~ 1.3 in the transition zone 3 339 471 17.0 in the base metal outside the transition zone Example 2: In.this case, joint welds were produced as Vee seams with the 15 mm thick cast iron plates already described in Example 1, by means of coated rod electrodes (core wire diameter
The cast iron had the following chemical composition (wt.%):
3.48% C, 2.41% Si, 0.17% Mn, 0.022% P, 0.003% S and 0.047% Mg, the balance being Fe. Its yield point ~ S' amounted to 343 N/mm and its tensile strength ~ B to 465 N/mm2, the elongation ~5 being determined at 19.2%. Tensile test specimens (zylindrical) were taken transversely to the welding seam from the welded plates and tested in respect of their properties. The values shown in Table 2 were obtained.
Table 2 Specimen yi.eld tensileelongation fracture No. point strength ~ S2- 2 %
N/mm N/mm 1 330 411 1.7 in the transition zone 2 327 390 ~ 1.3 in the transition zone 3 339 471 17.0 in the base metal outside the transition zone Example 2: In.this case, joint welds were produced as Vee seams with the 15 mm thick cast iron plates already described in Example 1, by means of coated rod electrodes (core wire diameter
4 mm), with the following coating composition:
Ca CO3 ................ ,.... 43 (weight pe~cent) Ba CO3 .................... ,..... 7 " "
a F2 ~ - .................... ... 7 Mn-(metal powder) ............ ... 5 " "
Ferro-Zirconium (80% Zr) ..... ... 3 " "
Ferro-Niobium (65% Nb) ....... .. 14 " "
Co (metal powder) ............ .. 14 " "
Potassium silicate ........... ... 7 " "
The chemical compositions of the core wire and of the weld metal (in wt.%) are listed in table 3.
Table 3 Alloy Composition C Si Mn Zr Nb Fe Co. Ni Core wire 0.11 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.17 rest Specimen 0.12 0.39 1.51 0.42 2.85 3.2 6.25 rest Nos. 4 The testing of round tensile test specimens as .. described in Example 1, yielded the following results:
Table 4 :: .
Specimen yield tensile elongation fracture ~ :
No. point strength~ 5 ~S 2 %
N/mm2 N/mm 4 358 463 18.5 in the ~ase metal out-side the transition zone ~' '
Ca CO3 ................ ,.... 43 (weight pe~cent) Ba CO3 .................... ,..... 7 " "
a F2 ~ - .................... ... 7 Mn-(metal powder) ............ ... 5 " "
Ferro-Zirconium (80% Zr) ..... ... 3 " "
Ferro-Niobium (65% Nb) ....... .. 14 " "
Co (metal powder) ............ .. 14 " "
Potassium silicate ........... ... 7 " "
The chemical compositions of the core wire and of the weld metal (in wt.%) are listed in table 3.
Table 3 Alloy Composition C Si Mn Zr Nb Fe Co. Ni Core wire 0.11 0.02 0.21 0.01 0.03 0.12 0.17 rest Specimen 0.12 0.39 1.51 0.42 2.85 3.2 6.25 rest Nos. 4 The testing of round tensile test specimens as .. described in Example 1, yielded the following results:
Table 4 :: .
Specimen yield tensile elongation fracture ~ :
No. point strength~ 5 ~S 2 %
N/mm2 N/mm 4 358 463 18.5 in the ~ase metal out-side the transition zone ~' '
Claims (6)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A welding material for dissimilar fusion welding of cast iron, the welding material is composed substantially of a nickel base alloy containing carbon, silicon, manganese and at least one of the carbide forming elements titanium, niobium, tantalum, and zirconium, the percentages of the constituents based on the total weight of the alloy components are the following:
Ni? 75 %
C ? 2.0 %
Si = 0.05 to 5.0 %
Mn = 0.1 to 20.0 %
Ti+Nb+Ta+Zr = 0.5 to 5.0 %
Co = 2.0 to 20.0 % and Fe ? 15.0 % .
Ni? 75 %
C ? 2.0 %
Si = 0.05 to 5.0 %
Mn = 0.1 to 20.0 %
Ti+Nb+Ta+Zr = 0.5 to 5.0 %
Co = 2.0 to 20.0 % and Fe ? 15.0 % .
2. A welding material as claimed in Claim 1, in which Si ? 3 %,
3. A welding material as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, in which Mn ? 10 %.
4. In the diffusion welding of cast iron with a welding material the improvement in which the welding material is composed of a nickel base alloy containing carbon, silicon, manganese and at least one of the carbide forming elements titanium, niobium, tantalum, and zirconium, the percentages of the constituents based on the total weight of the alloy components are the following:
Ni ? 75 %
C ? 2.0 %
Si = 0.05 to 5.0 %
Mn = 0.1 to 20.0 %
Ti+Nb+Ta+Zr = 0.5 to 5.0 %
Co = 2.0 to 20.0 % and Fe ? 15.0 %.
Ni ? 75 %
C ? 2.0 %
Si = 0.05 to 5.0 %
Mn = 0.1 to 20.0 %
Ti+Nb+Ta+Zr = 0.5 to 5.0 %
Co = 2.0 to 20.0 % and Fe ? 15.0 %.
5. A welding process as claimed in claim 4, in which in the welding material Si ? 3 %.
6. A welding process as claimed in Claim 4 or 5, in which in the welding material Mn ? 10 %
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT557576A AT342381B (en) | 1976-07-29 | 1976-07-29 | WELDING MATERIAL FOR HETEROGENIC FUSION WELDING OF CAST IRON |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1080514A true CA1080514A (en) | 1980-07-01 |
Family
ID=3577302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA282,360A Expired CA1080514A (en) | 1976-07-29 | 1977-07-08 | Welding material for dissimilar fusion welding of cast iron |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT342381B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU509194B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR7704950A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1080514A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH631100A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2728777C3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2359680A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1558940A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5768296A (en) * | 1980-10-16 | 1982-04-26 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Automatic welding wire for surface hardening and overlaying |
| US4471034A (en) * | 1982-11-16 | 1984-09-11 | Eutectic Corporation | Alloy coating for cast iron parts, such as glass molds |
| DE3314389C1 (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1984-08-23 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 4200 Oberhausen | Welding wire for pore-free welding of pipes in pipe floors of heat exchangers or the like |
| DE4134134A1 (en) * | 1991-10-15 | 1993-04-22 | Castolin Sa | Coating cast iron@ parts with wear-resistant layer - utilises nickel@, cobalt@, or iron@-based alloy with copper@ or chromium@ or silicon@ or boron@ and additives to avoid high transitional hardness gradients |
| FR2727889A1 (en) | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-14 | Ferry Capitain Sarl | METHOD FOR FUSION WELDING SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE CAST IRON CASTS |
| EP2409806A1 (en) * | 2010-07-22 | 2012-01-25 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for manufacturing a large-dimension component part made from spheroidal graphite iron |
| CN106270966B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-01-25 | 常州华德机械有限公司 | A kind of process for welding low-temperature spheroidal iron and manganese steel plate |
-
1976
- 1976-07-29 AT AT557576A patent/AT342381B/en active
-
1977
- 1977-06-24 CH CH788577A patent/CH631100A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-06-25 DE DE19772728777 patent/DE2728777C3/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-04 AU AU26714/77A patent/AU509194B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-08 CA CA282,360A patent/CA1080514A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-18 FR FR7721861A patent/FR2359680A1/en active Granted
- 1977-07-21 GB GB2760177A patent/GB1558940A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-28 BR BR7704950A patent/BR7704950A/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2671477A (en) | 1979-01-11 |
| DE2728777C3 (en) | 1980-02-14 |
| FR2359680A1 (en) | 1978-02-24 |
| CH631100A5 (en) | 1982-07-30 |
| BR7704950A (en) | 1979-04-03 |
| DE2728777B2 (en) | 1979-06-07 |
| AT342381B (en) | 1978-03-28 |
| AU509194B2 (en) | 1980-04-24 |
| GB1558940A (en) | 1980-01-09 |
| ATA557576A (en) | 1977-07-15 |
| DE2728777A1 (en) | 1978-02-02 |
| FR2359680B1 (en) | 1982-01-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |