CA1080095A - Treatment of metal strip with ultrasonic energy and apparatus - Google Patents
Treatment of metal strip with ultrasonic energy and apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- CA1080095A CA1080095A CA266,172A CA266172A CA1080095A CA 1080095 A CA1080095 A CA 1080095A CA 266172 A CA266172 A CA 266172A CA 1080095 A CA1080095 A CA 1080095A
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tank
- strip
- ultrasonic energy
- moving
- treating solution
- Prior art date
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Abstract
TREATMENT OF METAL STRIP WITH ULTRASONIC
ENERGY AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Abstract of the Disclosure Method and apparatus in which moving metal strip is treated in a treating solution in an elongated tank having a granite bottom sloping upwardly on each side of the longi-tudinal center line of the tank and ultrasonic energy is directed downwardly through the moving metal strip to be reflected back and forth between the sloping granite bottom and the surface of the treating solution in a path that ex-tends across the width of the tank and repeatedly intersects the moving metal strip. The minimum number of ultrasonic generating units are possible in an arrangement in which the ultrasonic generating units extend longitudinally of the tank along a line above a marginal portion of the moving metal strip with the beams from the ultrasonic generating units directed vertically downwardly or at an angle to the vertical in a direction transverse of the length of the tank so as to pass through the marginal portion of the metal strip and im-pinge on the bottom of the tank, from whence the beams are reflected to the surface of the solution and then back to the bottom and so on across the tank passing repeatedly through the metal strip. Additional strategically located sonic gen-erators increase the effectiveness of the treatment. The sonic generators can be supported in liquid-containing recep-tacles which extend below the liquid level of the treating solution in the tank. The liquid-holding receptacles can be supported on cover members which extend across the tank and enclose the top of the tank.
ENERGY AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Abstract of the Disclosure Method and apparatus in which moving metal strip is treated in a treating solution in an elongated tank having a granite bottom sloping upwardly on each side of the longi-tudinal center line of the tank and ultrasonic energy is directed downwardly through the moving metal strip to be reflected back and forth between the sloping granite bottom and the surface of the treating solution in a path that ex-tends across the width of the tank and repeatedly intersects the moving metal strip. The minimum number of ultrasonic generating units are possible in an arrangement in which the ultrasonic generating units extend longitudinally of the tank along a line above a marginal portion of the moving metal strip with the beams from the ultrasonic generating units directed vertically downwardly or at an angle to the vertical in a direction transverse of the length of the tank so as to pass through the marginal portion of the metal strip and im-pinge on the bottom of the tank, from whence the beams are reflected to the surface of the solution and then back to the bottom and so on across the tank passing repeatedly through the metal strip. Additional strategically located sonic gen-erators increase the effectiveness of the treatment. The sonic generators can be supported in liquid-containing recep-tacles which extend below the liquid level of the treating solution in the tank. The liquid-holding receptacles can be supported on cover members which extend across the tank and enclose the top of the tank.
Description
l99~_D~D~ vention This irlvention relates to me~hod and apparatus ~or tr~atin~ m~tal ~trip with ultr~sonic wave energy.
~t has already been propo~ed t~ pickle, clean and polish metal ~trip and wlre~ u~inq ult~.asonic wave energy in a treating ~olution which may be acid, a detergent or a liquid with abr~sive particle~ ~u~pen~ed in the liquid.
Exampl~s of prior ar~ U. S. patents in ~his field are Englehart 2,894,860, Osterma~ e~ al 3,066,0~4 and Sasaki 30240,g63.
It has al~o been propos@d to utilize the reflection characteristics of ultra~onic wave energy to treat object~
in treating solution~ where the ene~gy is reflected froM
tank ~urfaces and the ~uxface of the treating solution.
; Example~ of prior art U. S. patent~ o this category ar0 ~ran~on 2,987,068, Hightower 3,033,710 and Kouril 3,433,669.
Further, it ha~ been propo~ed to use heavy granite tank~ for pickling a~ de~cribed in U. S. patent to White et al, 3,473,791.
It is now well known that highly effioient ultra sonic wave energy generator~ produce a beam of wave energy with only ~light divergence, for e~ample 5~, and thus that the effect of the beam of w~ve energy in a treating solu-; tion on object~ in its path i8 localized. It ~ollows that e~fective treatment of a ~trip o~ metal moving through a treating solut.ion with ultraso~ic generators directed toward the strip and relying only on dir~ct action of the beam of energy would require an economically prohibitiv~
number of generators. Such u8e of ultra~onic g~nerator3 or tran~ducer6 al~o xuns into problems of ~tanding Iwaves ~, .
, : :
which reduce or even render ineffective the desired action of the untrasonic energy. Even where reflection of the 8enerated beam of ultrasonic wave energy has b~en contemplated~ attenuation of the energy in the beam by long paths through a treating solution has reduced the effectiveness of such arrangement:s. ~8 a result the ultrasonic treatment of movlng strips of metal has not progressed in industry to the extent that might be expected.
The shortcomings of the prior art E)ractices have been removed or alleviated in the present invention.
By one aspect of this invention there is provided apparatus for continuo~sly treating moving metal s~rip with ultrasonic wave energy compri~ing an elongated open top tank having a bottom wall~ sidewalls and endwalls, a body of trea~ing solutlon in the tank, means for introducing the moving metal strip into the treating solution near one end of the tank, moving the metal strip through the treating ~olu~ion and withdrawing the metal strip from the treat-ing solution near the other end of the tank, imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank in spaced relation to the body of treating solution, the cover means including means forming a plurality of openlngs in the cover means, a plurality of transducer means, each having a bottom, for generating a beam of ultrasonlc wave energy and emanating the beam of the ultrasonlc energy out of the bottom of the transducer means, a plurality of receptacle means each having liquid impermeable bottom and sidewalls for holding a liquid, the bottom wall being formed of ultrasonic energy transmlssible material, a body of liquid in each receptacle means, means associated with the means forming the openln~s in the cover means for supportlng the receptacle means in the openings with at least ~CI 8~
the bottom wall of the receptaclc means in contact wlth the treatlng solution and above the moving strip~
each receptacle means supporting a transducer means in the recept-acle means with at least a major portion of the transducer means immersed in the body of liquid in the receptacle means and with the beam of ultrasonic energy directed at an angle other than 90 to the bottom wall of the tank, through the ultrasonic energy transmissible material of the receptacle means bottom wall, through the moving metal strip and against the bottom wall of the tank.
In a preferred embodiment o~ this invention the aforesaid apparatus also comprises a cover for an elongated open top tank for con-.
tinuously treating moving metal strip w1th ultrasonic wave energy which supports receptacle means having liquid impermeable bottom and side walls for holding a liquid, the bottom wall of the receptacle being formed of ultrasonic energy transmissible material and means associated with receptacle ~eans for supporting transducer means for generating waves of mechQnical vibratory energy at ultrasonic frequency and emanat-ing the beams through the receptacle means bottom wall and through the moving metal strip.
By another aspect of this invention there is provided the method of continuously treating moving metal strip with ultrasonic wave energy comprising providing an elongated open top tank having end walls, sidewalls and having a bottom wall sloping down~ard from at least one sidewall toward the other sidewall, the upwardly facing surface of the bottom wall having the ability to reflect ultrasonic energy efficiently, providing a body of treating solution in the tank having a top sur-face located above ~he bottom of the tank a distance not substantially greater than that required to cover the widest metal strip to be treated, 3~ introducing the moving metal strip into the body of t:reating solu-tion, moving the metal strip through the treating solutLon and withdraw-ing the metal strip from the treating solution, .~
1~8~5 providing a plurality of receptacles, each receptacle holding a body of l~quid other than the treating solution and being positioned with the bottom wall of the receptacle in contact with the treatin~ solution, the bottom wall of the receptacle being formed of ultrasonic energy transmis-sible material, generating a beam of ultrasonic wave energy under the surface of the body of liquid in each receptacle, arranging the plurality of receptacle~ along the length dimension of the moving metal strip with each of the plurality of beams of ultrasonic wave energy generated in the receptacles directed downwardly toward one of the marginal portions of the moving metal strip, and pro~ecting the generated beam of ultrasonic energy through the bottom wall of each receptacle, through sa:Ld marginal por~ion of the moving metal strip and onto the bottom of the tank so as to be reflected therefrom, the angle of incidence of the beam of ultrasonic energy on the bottom and the slope of the bottom a~ the place of incidence of the beam on the bottom being such that ~he reflected beam passes through the moving metal strip at a dif-ferent place located inwardly of said marginzl portion relative to the width of the atrip from the place where the beam first passed through the moving metal strip and the reflected beam impinges against and is again reflected from the top surface of the treating solution and passes through the moving metal strip at still another place.
Thus, by a more preferred embodiment the present invention utilizes an elongated, very shallow bath of treating solution coupled with a sloping ~ tank bottom that will reflect ultrasonlc wave energy and suspended ultrasonic : generators, submerged in water and isolated from attack by the treating solu-tion, directed downwardly so that the beam of generated ultrasonic energy passes through the moving metal strip, impinges on the sloping tank bottom in a direction transverse of strip movement~ is reflected upwardly through the moving strip at a different point, is reflected downwardly from the surface of the ~olution _ 5 ~ ~.
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through the moving metal strip at still another point across the width of the strip, impinges again on the sloping bottom, repetition of these reflections acting to repeat the ultra-sonic energy treatment of the metal strip across its full width. For best results the generated beam of ultrasonic energy should go through the marginal portion of at least one edge of the strip and be reflected upwardly but in the general direction of the other marginal portion of the strip.
Thus with a sloping tank bottom as shown in the drawings, or with the slope being due to an arcuate shape, an ultrasonic generator is positioned over one maryinal portion of the strip with the beam directed vertically downward or at an .
angle toward the intermediate portion of the tank, depending ~.
upon the slope of the bottom, so that the marginal portion of ~.
one edge of the strip will receive the beam directly from the .~:
generator. As shown in the drawings, another generator can be positioned above the marginal portion of the other edge of the strip in a similar manner but arranged so that standing waves are not set up by the two beams of ultrasonic energy.
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Brief Description of the Drawin~s Figure 1 is a plan view of an elongated tank for treating a moving strip of metal/ with parts omitted for simplicity and clarity;
Figure 2 is a view in longitud~nal section taken on the line 2--2 of Figure 1 with a metal strip shown in position in the tank;
Figure 3 is a view in cross section taken on the line 3--3 of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a view in cross section taken on the line 4--4 of Figure l;
Figure 5 is a view in cross section taken on the line 5--5 of Figure l;
Figure 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary view in plan of an arrangement of transducers for the central portion of the tank shown in Figure 2; :
Figure 7 is an enlarged view in cross section taken on the line 7--7 of Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a view in perspective of a tank cover showing receptacles for holding transducers;
Figure 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary view in sac-tion taken on the line 9--9 of Figure 8 with the transducer and immersion liquid shown in place;
: Figure 10 is a vi~w similar to Figure 6 showing a different arrangement of transducers;
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Figure 11 is a fragmentary, enlarged view in sec-tion taken on the line 11--11 of Figure 10;
Figure 12 is an enlarged view in cross section taken on the line 12--12 of Figure 10;
Figure 13 is a plan view sirnilar to Figures 6 and 10 but showing three covers, of another arrangement of trans-ducers;
Figure 14 is an enlarged view in cross section taken on the line 14--14 of Figure 13; and Figure 15 is an enlarged view in section taken on the line 15--15 of Figure 13.
Detailed Description of the Method and Embodiments of the Invention -; Although the present invention is applicable to any treatment of metal strip with ultrasonic wave energy, such as pickling steel strip and cleaning or polishing any metal strip, the invention is especially suited to the pickling of steel strip and will therefore be described in this environ-ment.
Referring to Figures 1 to 5, a long, extremely ;
shallow pickling tank, indica-ted generally at 20, is shown, the bottom and side walls of which are formed from four mono-lithic granite slabs, the middle two slabs being hollowed out to form that portion of tank 20 and the other two being hol-lowed out to form the two differently shaped end portions of tank 20. Referring particularly to Figures 1, 2 and 4, . .
identical monolithic granite slabs are shown at 22. Simi-larly Figures 1, 2 and 5 show a monol:ithic granite slab 24 similar in shape to slabs 22. Monolithic granite slab 25 the shape of which is evident in Figures :l and 2 forms the other . 5 end of tank 20. The slabs 22, 22 24 and 25 are cemented in liquid-tight relation to each other. The moving strip 27, shown in Figure 2, enters tank 20 from the right hand side in Figures 1 and 2 and at this end of tank 20 a specially shaped piece of granite 26 coacts with slab 24 to form a dam across the rear end of tank 20 over which the pi.ckling solution in the tank can flow into a sump 28 formed by dam member 26 and a granite block 30. Granite block members 26 and 30 are cemented in liquid-tight relation to slab 24 with block 31 bracing dam member 26. A drain 32 leads pickling solution .-away from sump 28. Granite member 30 has cut in it an open-ing 34 to admit strip 27 into tank 20, rolls 38, 38 serving to move the strip forward.
At the other end of tank 20 granite slab 25 has an ~ inclined portion 42 which guides strip ~ up and out of tank 20 through an opening 44 at the upper end of the inclined : portion 42 to rolls 46 which act in conjunction with rolls ~, 38 to move the strip through tank 20. Sloping portion 42 of granite slab 25 also acts as a dam to hold the treating solu-.~, tion in the tank and a sump 48 is formed by granite members 50 and 51. As in the case of all the other grani.te components _g_ ~.
of the tank, members 50 and 51 are cemented in liquid-tight relationship to each other and to the end of slab 25. Treat-ing solution in sump 48 can drain out through drain openings 52. Although not shown in the drawings, a pickling line incorporating the present invention can include a second tank similar to tank 20 with the two tanks in tandem, tank 20 in such case being the second or final tank for treatment of the steel strip with the strongest acid solution. Since the present invention has its greatest advantage in the final pickling tank, the earlier pickling tank has not been shown.
However, pickling solution from sumps 28 and 4~ can go on to the earlier tank relative to movement of the strip where the pickling solution need not be as concentrated.
The central portion of tank 20 which is formed by slabs 22, 22 and 24, as best seen in Figure 4, is deepest along its center line with straight sloping sides 54, 54 merging into upright side walls 55, 55. Obviously the bottom can have an arcuate configuration.
~3perl ~ o p ~ The extremely shallow/tank of the present invention has granite slabs forming covers 56, 56 covering the strip entrance end portion of the tank and granite slabs forming covers 57, 57 covering the exit end portion of the tank.
Tank 20 slants upward slightly toward the strip exit end so that hydrogen gas evolved during the pickling treatment will not collec~ under the covers and also because movement of the ., ,.. ' ~:
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strip at high speed through the treating solution drags the treating solution toward the exit end of the tank. Covers 57, 57 restrain the pickling solution at that end of the tank from being carried out of the tank in too large quantities.
In lieu of additional granite covers, the central portion of the tank in the present invention is enclosed by plastic covers, indicated generally at 58 in Figures 1 and 2, which are resistant to corrosive action by the pickling solu-tion t these plastic covers being designed to hold a plurality of ultrasonic wave energy generators or tranducers for ultra-sonic treatment of the strip during its movement through the pickling solution.
In Figure 1, only one granite cover and one plastic cover are shown in order better to illustrate the tank and its constituent parts but as shown in Figure 2 the entire end portions of open top tank 20 are covered at one end by granite covers 56, 56 and at the other end by granite covers 57, 57 with the entire intermediate section being closed by the plastic covers 58 to be more specifically described hereunder. The thus-enclosed tank has fumes and evolved gases removed by a conventional suction exhaust system not shown. Fresh pickling solution is added to the bath in the tank at a convenient location near the strip exit end of the tank. Dam member 26 determines the liquid level 59 in the , :
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tank although the moving strip drags treating solution out the opening 44 at the other end oE the tank. Of course the speed of the strip must be controlled so as not to lower the liquid level below a desired level which can be a couple of inches on the side walls 55 of the tank 20 or in other words, not substantially above the widest strip that can be accommodated by the tank.
As shown in Figures 2, 7 and 12, although rolls 38, 38 and 46, 46 maintain tension on strip 27~ the catenary effect of the weight of the strip causes the strip to clroop - and the design of tank 20 results in bottom walls 54, 54 of slabs 22, 22 supporting the strip on its edges as it passes through that portion of the tank.
Returning now to the plastic covers illustrated generally at 58 in Figures l and 2, these covers are con-veniently dimensioned the same as granite covers 56 and 57 and as in the case of covers 56 and 5~, the bottoms of these covers are spaced above the liquid level 59 of the treating solution to permit flow of fumes and gases along the length of the tank.
In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9, each of the plastic covers 58 comprises an imperforate body portion 60 having flanges 61 for supporting the cover on the top surfaces of the ~ide walls 55, 55 of tank 20, the transverse edges of the cover relative to the length of the tank being chamfered at 62 for sealing engagement with adjacent covers. The body portion 60 can be formed in any desired manner but as shown in Figure 9, it is conven:Lently formed of sheets of plastic such as polypropylene, which i8 corrosion resistant in respect to acid used in pickling steel, cemented or welded to form the desired shape. Openinga 64 are formed at desired locations through the body portion 60 of each cover and pans or open-top liqu:id impervious recep-t-acles 66 having supporting flanges 67 a:re resting on the plastic material surrounding the openings fitted into each opening 64. A resilient gasket 68 seals the ~oint between receptacle 67 and the plastic material surrounding opening 64 to prevent fumes from the pickling bath escaping to the atmosphere. Receptacles 66 may be formed of fiberglass which is resistant to corrosion by acid used to pickle steel and which transmits ultrasonic wave energy, satisfactory product being molded fiberglass No. 811-101 manufactured by Rockwell International Corporation.
The lower portions and bottom walls of receptacles 66 extend below the bottoms of covers 60 so as to project below the liquid level 59 oE the pickling solution in tank 20. Received within each receptacle 66 and positioned in any suitable manner therein is an ultrasonic energy generat-ing unit or transducer 70 having a bottom wall 71 resting on the bottom of receptacle 66. Each ultrasonic wave energy generating unit or transducer unit 70 comprises an entirely closed and sealed metal box which contains up to a dozen ultrasonic wave energy gen~ra~ing elements or transducer elements, all arranged in the container with their sonic energy emanating faces directed toward the bottom wall 71 of container 70. The group of ultrasonic wave energy ~13-generating elemen-ts thus act to produce a combined beam oE
ultrasonic wave energy emanating downwardly in a direction normal -to and through the bottom 71 of con~ainer 70. Recept-acle 66 is filled with a liquid such as water to a height above the transducer. As thus assembled, the beam of ultra-sonic energy emanating from the bottom 71 of container 70 passes through the bottom of receptacle 66, the fiberglass being chosen as the material of receptacle 66 because it will transmit ultrasonic wave energy efficiontly for as long as six months. It has been found that the beam of ultra-sonic wave energy emanating downwardly from the bottom 71 of container 70 is substantially nondivergent, a divergenc~
of only 5 on all sides of the beam being the rule.
The embodiment illustrated in Figures 6 and 8 incorporates 15 receptacles 66 and containS ultrasonic transducers in each cover 58 disposed in longitudinal and transverse rows. It will be apparent that with the slight amount of divergence of the ultrasonic energy beam emanated by transducer units 70, strip 27 moving through tank 20 will be subject to direct radiation over an area consider-ably less than the total areaO The applicants have found however that the beams of ultrasonic energy from each trans-ducer 70 pass through the strip and impinge upon a bottom wall 54 from whence they are reflected upwardly at an angle toward the center line of the pickling tank. The extremely shallow bath of -~he present invention and the nature of jC~ :
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monolithic granite coact to give very efficient reflection of energy and each reflected beam again passes through the strip but at another place, from whence it goes to the surface of the liquid there to be reflected back:wardly again toward the bottom through the strip at still another place, into engage-ment with the bottom of the tank and so on across the width of the tank and the strip. In this way, the arrangement of 15 spaced transducer units 70 illustrated in Figures 6 to 8 very adequately subjects the entire strip to the action of ultrasonic wave energy and for reasons now well known the pickling action is greatly expedited.
It will be noted that the rows of transducers in the embodiment of Figures 6 and 8 are arranged closer together on one side of the strip than the other. Where desired, this arrangement can be reversed in alternate covers but the applicants have found that with the arrangement shown a very complete and uniform pickling is achieved across the width of the strip despite the fact that steel strip has a more tenacious oxide film along its marginal portions than in the center. Looking at Figure 7 it will be seen that the transducers on the left-hand side of this figure, the lower rows in Figure 6, send a concentrated massing of ultrasonic wave energy onto and through the strip, regardless of its width. Those portions of the left-hand side of the metal strip in Figure 7 not su~jected to direct ultrasonic ~o~
radiation are subjected to mass reflected ultrasonic radia-tion from bottom 54. The transducers which are spaced far-ther apart on the right-hand side of Figure 7, the upper transducers in Figure 6, merely supplement the action of those already described and assure uniform pickling under all the varying conditions of everyday pickling operations.
In fact, as indicated in Figure 10, where econom~
in the use of transducers is the desideratum, much fewer transducers can be used as shown in the arrangements of transducers appearing in the three covers on the left-hand side of Figure 10. In the case of the embodiment disclosed in Figures 10, 11 and 12, the bank arrangement of transducers in the cover on the extreme right can constitute a reserve supply of energy in case a steel strip is highly resistant to normal pickling action or the pickling line speed is in-creased for some reason or the temperature of the pickling , -solution is reduced for some reason.
The angled position o~ the transducers as shown in the extreme right-hand cover 58 of Figure 10 has been -Eound , 20 to be effective under some operating conditions. A variation of this arrangement is shown in the extreme right-hand cover of Figure 13 and Figures 14 and lS. The reason for an effec-tive radiation pattern when the transducers are at an angle as shown in these modifications seems to be that the beam ~5 directly lmpinging on the strip and thereafter on the bottom of tank 20 covers a much larger area of the strip and tank ' ' .
'" ''' ' ~8~ 5 bottom than when the beam is pro~ected vertically on the horizontal strip~
Preferably at least some of the transducer units are supported so as to ; impinge the ultrasonic energy emanating from the transducers on the moving strip at an angle of incidence to the strip of between about 30 and about Figures 13 through 15 disclose variations of transducer arrange-ments which have been found to give satisfactory pickling results. It will be noted that in Figures 1~ and 15 each of the transducers 70 has a portion projecting above the liquid level in the associated receptac]e 66 with the liquid level at a practical height, as illustrated in Figure 9; however the major portion of each transducer would in such case be immersed in the liquid.
An e~amination of the phenomenon present in all the disclosed modifications and which is shown diagrammatically in Figure 12, shows why ultrasonic wave energy treatment of metal strip in any treating solution can be accomplished with transducers only along one marginal portion of the strip. The dotted lines show the paths of directly radiated ultrasonic energy and the paths of reflected ultrasonic energy from the granite bottom of the tank and from the surface of the treating solution, with the paths of the beams of ultrasonic energy repeatedly passing through the strip all the way across its width.
For some unknown reason it seems that best results are obtained with all the transducer arrangements disclosed in the drawings when ultrasonic wave energy passes through the marginal portion of at least one edge of the strip. Of course in any event it will be apparent that the marginal portion of the strip receives no appreciable ultrasonic energy rad-lation when the margin of the strip pro~ects outwardly past the beam of the farthest out transducer since the direct beam thus passing through the strip inwardly of the marginal portion of the strip is reflected inwardly toward the center of the strip.
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~ - 17 -In an example of actual use of this invention in the steel strip pickling field, steel strip is passed at a speed between about lO0 feet per minute and about 300 feet per minute through two 50-foot long granite bottom tanks con-taining a solution of hydrochloric acid. The tanks slope up-wardly in the direction of movement of the strip because the strip pulls the solution along with it especially at the higher speeds of pickling possible with the use of ultrasonic energy. The strip varies in width from about 30 inches to about 60 inches. When the narrower widths of strip are being pickled, the transducers or ultrasonic energy generators which are located outside the edges of the strip need not be acti-vated but the cost of operation is negligible and the energy repeatedly reflected from the tank bottom and solution surface passes toward the other side of the tank and thus passes repeatedly through the strip. The first tank in direction of strip movement has the lower concentxation of acid, namely between about 3% and about 6%. The second tank in the direc-tion of strip movement needs an acid concentration of up to about 15% hydrochloric acid where the present invention is not ~ec~
used. The ultrasonic energy is utilized in the ~e~4~ tank where the acid concentration is greater. The ultrasonic fre-quency used is 25,000 cycles. 20,000 cycles would be more de-sirable but the only available commercial transducers operate at 25,000 cycles or 40,000 cycles. A lower frequency does ' ' better pickling but the sound effects become objectionable below about 20,000 cycles per second. Using the ultrasonic energy the temperature of the pickling solution is dropped down to about 185 to about 190 whereas without the invention the bath must be run at 210 to 215. Using the invention an acid concentration of about 9~ in the second tank is suffi- ;
cient which results in a saving in cost of acid. The lower bath temperature gives less fumes and better cavitation by the ultrasonic energy. Fresh solution is pumped into the second tank relative to the movement of -the strip near the strip exit end and most solution leaving the tank overflows out of the strip entry end of that tank. The greater the speed of the strip the more solution is dragged out of the tank at the strip exit end and this places a limit on strip speed. The amount of solution pumped into the tank considering the over-flow at both ends is sufficient to maintain an inch to an inch and a half of depth of solution on the side walls of the tank. Effluent from both ends of the second tank relative to strip movement is collected in a first holding tank and is pumped from there into the first tank relative to strip move-ment near the strip exit end and, as in the case of the second tank, overflows mostly from the strip entry end of the first tank. This overflow is discarded as spent pickle liquor. The solution is pumped into the system at 150 gal-lons per minute, the depth of the solution in the deepest part of each tank being maintained at about 9 to 10 inches.
In passing through the tanks, although the strip has tension on it, there is a catenary effect which results in the edges of the strip riding on the sloping surfaces of the bottom, with the depth of pickling solution being just sufficient to cover the widest strip to be treated.
:. ' ' The described embodiments and method are to be con-sidered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive since the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteris-tics. Therefore the scope of the invention is indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaniny and range of the equiva- .
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lents oE the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
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~t has already been propo~ed t~ pickle, clean and polish metal ~trip and wlre~ u~inq ult~.asonic wave energy in a treating ~olution which may be acid, a detergent or a liquid with abr~sive particle~ ~u~pen~ed in the liquid.
Exampl~s of prior ar~ U. S. patents in ~his field are Englehart 2,894,860, Osterma~ e~ al 3,066,0~4 and Sasaki 30240,g63.
It has al~o been propos@d to utilize the reflection characteristics of ultra~onic wave energy to treat object~
in treating solution~ where the ene~gy is reflected froM
tank ~urfaces and the ~uxface of the treating solution.
; Example~ of prior art U. S. patent~ o this category ar0 ~ran~on 2,987,068, Hightower 3,033,710 and Kouril 3,433,669.
Further, it ha~ been propo~ed to use heavy granite tank~ for pickling a~ de~cribed in U. S. patent to White et al, 3,473,791.
It is now well known that highly effioient ultra sonic wave energy generator~ produce a beam of wave energy with only ~light divergence, for e~ample 5~, and thus that the effect of the beam of w~ve energy in a treating solu-; tion on object~ in its path i8 localized. It ~ollows that e~fective treatment of a ~trip o~ metal moving through a treating solut.ion with ultraso~ic generators directed toward the strip and relying only on dir~ct action of the beam of energy would require an economically prohibitiv~
number of generators. Such u8e of ultra~onic g~nerator3 or tran~ducer6 al~o xuns into problems of ~tanding Iwaves ~, .
, : :
which reduce or even render ineffective the desired action of the untrasonic energy. Even where reflection of the 8enerated beam of ultrasonic wave energy has b~en contemplated~ attenuation of the energy in the beam by long paths through a treating solution has reduced the effectiveness of such arrangement:s. ~8 a result the ultrasonic treatment of movlng strips of metal has not progressed in industry to the extent that might be expected.
The shortcomings of the prior art E)ractices have been removed or alleviated in the present invention.
By one aspect of this invention there is provided apparatus for continuo~sly treating moving metal s~rip with ultrasonic wave energy compri~ing an elongated open top tank having a bottom wall~ sidewalls and endwalls, a body of trea~ing solutlon in the tank, means for introducing the moving metal strip into the treating solution near one end of the tank, moving the metal strip through the treating ~olu~ion and withdrawing the metal strip from the treat-ing solution near the other end of the tank, imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank in spaced relation to the body of treating solution, the cover means including means forming a plurality of openlngs in the cover means, a plurality of transducer means, each having a bottom, for generating a beam of ultrasonlc wave energy and emanating the beam of the ultrasonlc energy out of the bottom of the transducer means, a plurality of receptacle means each having liquid impermeable bottom and sidewalls for holding a liquid, the bottom wall being formed of ultrasonic energy transmlssible material, a body of liquid in each receptacle means, means associated with the means forming the openln~s in the cover means for supportlng the receptacle means in the openings with at least ~CI 8~
the bottom wall of the receptaclc means in contact wlth the treatlng solution and above the moving strip~
each receptacle means supporting a transducer means in the recept-acle means with at least a major portion of the transducer means immersed in the body of liquid in the receptacle means and with the beam of ultrasonic energy directed at an angle other than 90 to the bottom wall of the tank, through the ultrasonic energy transmissible material of the receptacle means bottom wall, through the moving metal strip and against the bottom wall of the tank.
In a preferred embodiment o~ this invention the aforesaid apparatus also comprises a cover for an elongated open top tank for con-.
tinuously treating moving metal strip w1th ultrasonic wave energy which supports receptacle means having liquid impermeable bottom and side walls for holding a liquid, the bottom wall of the receptacle being formed of ultrasonic energy transmissible material and means associated with receptacle ~eans for supporting transducer means for generating waves of mechQnical vibratory energy at ultrasonic frequency and emanat-ing the beams through the receptacle means bottom wall and through the moving metal strip.
By another aspect of this invention there is provided the method of continuously treating moving metal strip with ultrasonic wave energy comprising providing an elongated open top tank having end walls, sidewalls and having a bottom wall sloping down~ard from at least one sidewall toward the other sidewall, the upwardly facing surface of the bottom wall having the ability to reflect ultrasonic energy efficiently, providing a body of treating solution in the tank having a top sur-face located above ~he bottom of the tank a distance not substantially greater than that required to cover the widest metal strip to be treated, 3~ introducing the moving metal strip into the body of t:reating solu-tion, moving the metal strip through the treating solutLon and withdraw-ing the metal strip from the treating solution, .~
1~8~5 providing a plurality of receptacles, each receptacle holding a body of l~quid other than the treating solution and being positioned with the bottom wall of the receptacle in contact with the treatin~ solution, the bottom wall of the receptacle being formed of ultrasonic energy transmis-sible material, generating a beam of ultrasonic wave energy under the surface of the body of liquid in each receptacle, arranging the plurality of receptacle~ along the length dimension of the moving metal strip with each of the plurality of beams of ultrasonic wave energy generated in the receptacles directed downwardly toward one of the marginal portions of the moving metal strip, and pro~ecting the generated beam of ultrasonic energy through the bottom wall of each receptacle, through sa:Ld marginal por~ion of the moving metal strip and onto the bottom of the tank so as to be reflected therefrom, the angle of incidence of the beam of ultrasonic energy on the bottom and the slope of the bottom a~ the place of incidence of the beam on the bottom being such that ~he reflected beam passes through the moving metal strip at a dif-ferent place located inwardly of said marginzl portion relative to the width of the atrip from the place where the beam first passed through the moving metal strip and the reflected beam impinges against and is again reflected from the top surface of the treating solution and passes through the moving metal strip at still another place.
Thus, by a more preferred embodiment the present invention utilizes an elongated, very shallow bath of treating solution coupled with a sloping ~ tank bottom that will reflect ultrasonlc wave energy and suspended ultrasonic : generators, submerged in water and isolated from attack by the treating solu-tion, directed downwardly so that the beam of generated ultrasonic energy passes through the moving metal strip, impinges on the sloping tank bottom in a direction transverse of strip movement~ is reflected upwardly through the moving strip at a different point, is reflected downwardly from the surface of the ~olution _ 5 ~ ~.
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through the moving metal strip at still another point across the width of the strip, impinges again on the sloping bottom, repetition of these reflections acting to repeat the ultra-sonic energy treatment of the metal strip across its full width. For best results the generated beam of ultrasonic energy should go through the marginal portion of at least one edge of the strip and be reflected upwardly but in the general direction of the other marginal portion of the strip.
Thus with a sloping tank bottom as shown in the drawings, or with the slope being due to an arcuate shape, an ultrasonic generator is positioned over one maryinal portion of the strip with the beam directed vertically downward or at an .
angle toward the intermediate portion of the tank, depending ~.
upon the slope of the bottom, so that the marginal portion of ~.
one edge of the strip will receive the beam directly from the .~:
generator. As shown in the drawings, another generator can be positioned above the marginal portion of the other edge of the strip in a similar manner but arranged so that standing waves are not set up by the two beams of ultrasonic energy.
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Brief Description of the Drawin~s Figure 1 is a plan view of an elongated tank for treating a moving strip of metal/ with parts omitted for simplicity and clarity;
Figure 2 is a view in longitud~nal section taken on the line 2--2 of Figure 1 with a metal strip shown in position in the tank;
Figure 3 is a view in cross section taken on the line 3--3 of Figure l;
Figure 4 is a view in cross section taken on the line 4--4 of Figure l;
Figure 5 is a view in cross section taken on the line 5--5 of Figure l;
Figure 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary view in plan of an arrangement of transducers for the central portion of the tank shown in Figure 2; :
Figure 7 is an enlarged view in cross section taken on the line 7--7 of Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a view in perspective of a tank cover showing receptacles for holding transducers;
Figure 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary view in sac-tion taken on the line 9--9 of Figure 8 with the transducer and immersion liquid shown in place;
: Figure 10 is a vi~w similar to Figure 6 showing a different arrangement of transducers;
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Figure 11 is a fragmentary, enlarged view in sec-tion taken on the line 11--11 of Figure 10;
Figure 12 is an enlarged view in cross section taken on the line 12--12 of Figure 10;
Figure 13 is a plan view sirnilar to Figures 6 and 10 but showing three covers, of another arrangement of trans-ducers;
Figure 14 is an enlarged view in cross section taken on the line 14--14 of Figure 13; and Figure 15 is an enlarged view in section taken on the line 15--15 of Figure 13.
Detailed Description of the Method and Embodiments of the Invention -; Although the present invention is applicable to any treatment of metal strip with ultrasonic wave energy, such as pickling steel strip and cleaning or polishing any metal strip, the invention is especially suited to the pickling of steel strip and will therefore be described in this environ-ment.
Referring to Figures 1 to 5, a long, extremely ;
shallow pickling tank, indica-ted generally at 20, is shown, the bottom and side walls of which are formed from four mono-lithic granite slabs, the middle two slabs being hollowed out to form that portion of tank 20 and the other two being hol-lowed out to form the two differently shaped end portions of tank 20. Referring particularly to Figures 1, 2 and 4, . .
identical monolithic granite slabs are shown at 22. Simi-larly Figures 1, 2 and 5 show a monol:ithic granite slab 24 similar in shape to slabs 22. Monolithic granite slab 25 the shape of which is evident in Figures :l and 2 forms the other . 5 end of tank 20. The slabs 22, 22 24 and 25 are cemented in liquid-tight relation to each other. The moving strip 27, shown in Figure 2, enters tank 20 from the right hand side in Figures 1 and 2 and at this end of tank 20 a specially shaped piece of granite 26 coacts with slab 24 to form a dam across the rear end of tank 20 over which the pi.ckling solution in the tank can flow into a sump 28 formed by dam member 26 and a granite block 30. Granite block members 26 and 30 are cemented in liquid-tight relation to slab 24 with block 31 bracing dam member 26. A drain 32 leads pickling solution .-away from sump 28. Granite member 30 has cut in it an open-ing 34 to admit strip 27 into tank 20, rolls 38, 38 serving to move the strip forward.
At the other end of tank 20 granite slab 25 has an ~ inclined portion 42 which guides strip ~ up and out of tank 20 through an opening 44 at the upper end of the inclined : portion 42 to rolls 46 which act in conjunction with rolls ~, 38 to move the strip through tank 20. Sloping portion 42 of granite slab 25 also acts as a dam to hold the treating solu-.~, tion in the tank and a sump 48 is formed by granite members 50 and 51. As in the case of all the other grani.te components _g_ ~.
of the tank, members 50 and 51 are cemented in liquid-tight relationship to each other and to the end of slab 25. Treat-ing solution in sump 48 can drain out through drain openings 52. Although not shown in the drawings, a pickling line incorporating the present invention can include a second tank similar to tank 20 with the two tanks in tandem, tank 20 in such case being the second or final tank for treatment of the steel strip with the strongest acid solution. Since the present invention has its greatest advantage in the final pickling tank, the earlier pickling tank has not been shown.
However, pickling solution from sumps 28 and 4~ can go on to the earlier tank relative to movement of the strip where the pickling solution need not be as concentrated.
The central portion of tank 20 which is formed by slabs 22, 22 and 24, as best seen in Figure 4, is deepest along its center line with straight sloping sides 54, 54 merging into upright side walls 55, 55. Obviously the bottom can have an arcuate configuration.
~3perl ~ o p ~ The extremely shallow/tank of the present invention has granite slabs forming covers 56, 56 covering the strip entrance end portion of the tank and granite slabs forming covers 57, 57 covering the exit end portion of the tank.
Tank 20 slants upward slightly toward the strip exit end so that hydrogen gas evolved during the pickling treatment will not collec~ under the covers and also because movement of the ., ,.. ' ~:
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strip at high speed through the treating solution drags the treating solution toward the exit end of the tank. Covers 57, 57 restrain the pickling solution at that end of the tank from being carried out of the tank in too large quantities.
In lieu of additional granite covers, the central portion of the tank in the present invention is enclosed by plastic covers, indicated generally at 58 in Figures 1 and 2, which are resistant to corrosive action by the pickling solu-tion t these plastic covers being designed to hold a plurality of ultrasonic wave energy generators or tranducers for ultra-sonic treatment of the strip during its movement through the pickling solution.
In Figure 1, only one granite cover and one plastic cover are shown in order better to illustrate the tank and its constituent parts but as shown in Figure 2 the entire end portions of open top tank 20 are covered at one end by granite covers 56, 56 and at the other end by granite covers 57, 57 with the entire intermediate section being closed by the plastic covers 58 to be more specifically described hereunder. The thus-enclosed tank has fumes and evolved gases removed by a conventional suction exhaust system not shown. Fresh pickling solution is added to the bath in the tank at a convenient location near the strip exit end of the tank. Dam member 26 determines the liquid level 59 in the , :
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tank although the moving strip drags treating solution out the opening 44 at the other end oE the tank. Of course the speed of the strip must be controlled so as not to lower the liquid level below a desired level which can be a couple of inches on the side walls 55 of the tank 20 or in other words, not substantially above the widest strip that can be accommodated by the tank.
As shown in Figures 2, 7 and 12, although rolls 38, 38 and 46, 46 maintain tension on strip 27~ the catenary effect of the weight of the strip causes the strip to clroop - and the design of tank 20 results in bottom walls 54, 54 of slabs 22, 22 supporting the strip on its edges as it passes through that portion of the tank.
Returning now to the plastic covers illustrated generally at 58 in Figures l and 2, these covers are con-veniently dimensioned the same as granite covers 56 and 57 and as in the case of covers 56 and 5~, the bottoms of these covers are spaced above the liquid level 59 of the treating solution to permit flow of fumes and gases along the length of the tank.
In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9, each of the plastic covers 58 comprises an imperforate body portion 60 having flanges 61 for supporting the cover on the top surfaces of the ~ide walls 55, 55 of tank 20, the transverse edges of the cover relative to the length of the tank being chamfered at 62 for sealing engagement with adjacent covers. The body portion 60 can be formed in any desired manner but as shown in Figure 9, it is conven:Lently formed of sheets of plastic such as polypropylene, which i8 corrosion resistant in respect to acid used in pickling steel, cemented or welded to form the desired shape. Openinga 64 are formed at desired locations through the body portion 60 of each cover and pans or open-top liqu:id impervious recep-t-acles 66 having supporting flanges 67 a:re resting on the plastic material surrounding the openings fitted into each opening 64. A resilient gasket 68 seals the ~oint between receptacle 67 and the plastic material surrounding opening 64 to prevent fumes from the pickling bath escaping to the atmosphere. Receptacles 66 may be formed of fiberglass which is resistant to corrosion by acid used to pickle steel and which transmits ultrasonic wave energy, satisfactory product being molded fiberglass No. 811-101 manufactured by Rockwell International Corporation.
The lower portions and bottom walls of receptacles 66 extend below the bottoms of covers 60 so as to project below the liquid level 59 oE the pickling solution in tank 20. Received within each receptacle 66 and positioned in any suitable manner therein is an ultrasonic energy generat-ing unit or transducer 70 having a bottom wall 71 resting on the bottom of receptacle 66. Each ultrasonic wave energy generating unit or transducer unit 70 comprises an entirely closed and sealed metal box which contains up to a dozen ultrasonic wave energy gen~ra~ing elements or transducer elements, all arranged in the container with their sonic energy emanating faces directed toward the bottom wall 71 of container 70. The group of ultrasonic wave energy ~13-generating elemen-ts thus act to produce a combined beam oE
ultrasonic wave energy emanating downwardly in a direction normal -to and through the bottom 71 of con~ainer 70. Recept-acle 66 is filled with a liquid such as water to a height above the transducer. As thus assembled, the beam of ultra-sonic energy emanating from the bottom 71 of container 70 passes through the bottom of receptacle 66, the fiberglass being chosen as the material of receptacle 66 because it will transmit ultrasonic wave energy efficiontly for as long as six months. It has been found that the beam of ultra-sonic wave energy emanating downwardly from the bottom 71 of container 70 is substantially nondivergent, a divergenc~
of only 5 on all sides of the beam being the rule.
The embodiment illustrated in Figures 6 and 8 incorporates 15 receptacles 66 and containS ultrasonic transducers in each cover 58 disposed in longitudinal and transverse rows. It will be apparent that with the slight amount of divergence of the ultrasonic energy beam emanated by transducer units 70, strip 27 moving through tank 20 will be subject to direct radiation over an area consider-ably less than the total areaO The applicants have found however that the beams of ultrasonic energy from each trans-ducer 70 pass through the strip and impinge upon a bottom wall 54 from whence they are reflected upwardly at an angle toward the center line of the pickling tank. The extremely shallow bath of -~he present invention and the nature of jC~ :
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monolithic granite coact to give very efficient reflection of energy and each reflected beam again passes through the strip but at another place, from whence it goes to the surface of the liquid there to be reflected back:wardly again toward the bottom through the strip at still another place, into engage-ment with the bottom of the tank and so on across the width of the tank and the strip. In this way, the arrangement of 15 spaced transducer units 70 illustrated in Figures 6 to 8 very adequately subjects the entire strip to the action of ultrasonic wave energy and for reasons now well known the pickling action is greatly expedited.
It will be noted that the rows of transducers in the embodiment of Figures 6 and 8 are arranged closer together on one side of the strip than the other. Where desired, this arrangement can be reversed in alternate covers but the applicants have found that with the arrangement shown a very complete and uniform pickling is achieved across the width of the strip despite the fact that steel strip has a more tenacious oxide film along its marginal portions than in the center. Looking at Figure 7 it will be seen that the transducers on the left-hand side of this figure, the lower rows in Figure 6, send a concentrated massing of ultrasonic wave energy onto and through the strip, regardless of its width. Those portions of the left-hand side of the metal strip in Figure 7 not su~jected to direct ultrasonic ~o~
radiation are subjected to mass reflected ultrasonic radia-tion from bottom 54. The transducers which are spaced far-ther apart on the right-hand side of Figure 7, the upper transducers in Figure 6, merely supplement the action of those already described and assure uniform pickling under all the varying conditions of everyday pickling operations.
In fact, as indicated in Figure 10, where econom~
in the use of transducers is the desideratum, much fewer transducers can be used as shown in the arrangements of transducers appearing in the three covers on the left-hand side of Figure 10. In the case of the embodiment disclosed in Figures 10, 11 and 12, the bank arrangement of transducers in the cover on the extreme right can constitute a reserve supply of energy in case a steel strip is highly resistant to normal pickling action or the pickling line speed is in-creased for some reason or the temperature of the pickling , -solution is reduced for some reason.
The angled position o~ the transducers as shown in the extreme right-hand cover 58 of Figure 10 has been -Eound , 20 to be effective under some operating conditions. A variation of this arrangement is shown in the extreme right-hand cover of Figure 13 and Figures 14 and lS. The reason for an effec-tive radiation pattern when the transducers are at an angle as shown in these modifications seems to be that the beam ~5 directly lmpinging on the strip and thereafter on the bottom of tank 20 covers a much larger area of the strip and tank ' ' .
'" ''' ' ~8~ 5 bottom than when the beam is pro~ected vertically on the horizontal strip~
Preferably at least some of the transducer units are supported so as to ; impinge the ultrasonic energy emanating from the transducers on the moving strip at an angle of incidence to the strip of between about 30 and about Figures 13 through 15 disclose variations of transducer arrange-ments which have been found to give satisfactory pickling results. It will be noted that in Figures 1~ and 15 each of the transducers 70 has a portion projecting above the liquid level in the associated receptac]e 66 with the liquid level at a practical height, as illustrated in Figure 9; however the major portion of each transducer would in such case be immersed in the liquid.
An e~amination of the phenomenon present in all the disclosed modifications and which is shown diagrammatically in Figure 12, shows why ultrasonic wave energy treatment of metal strip in any treating solution can be accomplished with transducers only along one marginal portion of the strip. The dotted lines show the paths of directly radiated ultrasonic energy and the paths of reflected ultrasonic energy from the granite bottom of the tank and from the surface of the treating solution, with the paths of the beams of ultrasonic energy repeatedly passing through the strip all the way across its width.
For some unknown reason it seems that best results are obtained with all the transducer arrangements disclosed in the drawings when ultrasonic wave energy passes through the marginal portion of at least one edge of the strip. Of course in any event it will be apparent that the marginal portion of the strip receives no appreciable ultrasonic energy rad-lation when the margin of the strip pro~ects outwardly past the beam of the farthest out transducer since the direct beam thus passing through the strip inwardly of the marginal portion of the strip is reflected inwardly toward the center of the strip.
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~ - 17 -In an example of actual use of this invention in the steel strip pickling field, steel strip is passed at a speed between about lO0 feet per minute and about 300 feet per minute through two 50-foot long granite bottom tanks con-taining a solution of hydrochloric acid. The tanks slope up-wardly in the direction of movement of the strip because the strip pulls the solution along with it especially at the higher speeds of pickling possible with the use of ultrasonic energy. The strip varies in width from about 30 inches to about 60 inches. When the narrower widths of strip are being pickled, the transducers or ultrasonic energy generators which are located outside the edges of the strip need not be acti-vated but the cost of operation is negligible and the energy repeatedly reflected from the tank bottom and solution surface passes toward the other side of the tank and thus passes repeatedly through the strip. The first tank in direction of strip movement has the lower concentxation of acid, namely between about 3% and about 6%. The second tank in the direc-tion of strip movement needs an acid concentration of up to about 15% hydrochloric acid where the present invention is not ~ec~
used. The ultrasonic energy is utilized in the ~e~4~ tank where the acid concentration is greater. The ultrasonic fre-quency used is 25,000 cycles. 20,000 cycles would be more de-sirable but the only available commercial transducers operate at 25,000 cycles or 40,000 cycles. A lower frequency does ' ' better pickling but the sound effects become objectionable below about 20,000 cycles per second. Using the ultrasonic energy the temperature of the pickling solution is dropped down to about 185 to about 190 whereas without the invention the bath must be run at 210 to 215. Using the invention an acid concentration of about 9~ in the second tank is suffi- ;
cient which results in a saving in cost of acid. The lower bath temperature gives less fumes and better cavitation by the ultrasonic energy. Fresh solution is pumped into the second tank relative to the movement of -the strip near the strip exit end and most solution leaving the tank overflows out of the strip entry end of that tank. The greater the speed of the strip the more solution is dragged out of the tank at the strip exit end and this places a limit on strip speed. The amount of solution pumped into the tank considering the over-flow at both ends is sufficient to maintain an inch to an inch and a half of depth of solution on the side walls of the tank. Effluent from both ends of the second tank relative to strip movement is collected in a first holding tank and is pumped from there into the first tank relative to strip move-ment near the strip exit end and, as in the case of the second tank, overflows mostly from the strip entry end of the first tank. This overflow is discarded as spent pickle liquor. The solution is pumped into the system at 150 gal-lons per minute, the depth of the solution in the deepest part of each tank being maintained at about 9 to 10 inches.
In passing through the tanks, although the strip has tension on it, there is a catenary effect which results in the edges of the strip riding on the sloping surfaces of the bottom, with the depth of pickling solution being just sufficient to cover the widest strip to be treated.
:. ' ' The described embodiments and method are to be con-sidered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive since the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteris-tics. Therefore the scope of the invention is indicated by the claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaniny and range of the equiva- .
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lents oE the claims are intended to be embraced therein.
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Claims (56)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. The method of continuously treating moving metal strip with ultrasonic wave energy comprising:
providing an elongated open top tank having end walls, sidewalls and having a bottom wall sloping downward from at least one sidewall toward the other sidewall, the upwardly facing surface of the bottom wall having the ability to reflect ultrasonic energy efficiently, providing a body of treating solution in the tank having a top surface located above the bottom of the tank a distance not substanti-ally greater than that required to cover the widest metal strip to be treated, introducing the moving metal strip into the body of treating solution, moving the metal strip through the treating solution and withdrawing the metal strip from the treating solution, providing a plurality of receptacles, each receptacle holding a body of liquid other than the treating solution and being positioned with the bottom wall of the receptacle in contact with the treating solution, the bottom wall of the receptacle being formed of ultrasonic energy transmissible material, generating a beam of ultrasonic wave energy under the surface of the body of liquid in each receptacle, arranging the plurality of receptacles along the length dimension of the moving metal strip with each of the plurality of beams of ultra-sonic wave energy generated in the receptacles directed downwardly toward one of the marginal portions of the moving metal strip, and projecting the generated beam of ultrasonic energy through the bottom wall of each receptacle, through said marinal portion of the moving metal strip and onto the bottom of the tank so as to be reflected therefrom, the angle of incidence of the beam of ultrasonic energy on the bottom and the slope of the bottom at the place of incidence of the beam on the bottom being such that the reflected beam passes through the moving metal strip aL a different place loc.ated inwardly of said marginal portion relative to the width of the strip from the place where the beam flrst passed through the moving metal strip and the reflected beam impinges against and is again reflected from the top surface of the treating solution and passes through the moving metal strip at still another place.
providing an elongated open top tank having end walls, sidewalls and having a bottom wall sloping downward from at least one sidewall toward the other sidewall, the upwardly facing surface of the bottom wall having the ability to reflect ultrasonic energy efficiently, providing a body of treating solution in the tank having a top surface located above the bottom of the tank a distance not substanti-ally greater than that required to cover the widest metal strip to be treated, introducing the moving metal strip into the body of treating solution, moving the metal strip through the treating solution and withdrawing the metal strip from the treating solution, providing a plurality of receptacles, each receptacle holding a body of liquid other than the treating solution and being positioned with the bottom wall of the receptacle in contact with the treating solution, the bottom wall of the receptacle being formed of ultrasonic energy transmissible material, generating a beam of ultrasonic wave energy under the surface of the body of liquid in each receptacle, arranging the plurality of receptacles along the length dimension of the moving metal strip with each of the plurality of beams of ultra-sonic wave energy generated in the receptacles directed downwardly toward one of the marginal portions of the moving metal strip, and projecting the generated beam of ultrasonic energy through the bottom wall of each receptacle, through said marinal portion of the moving metal strip and onto the bottom of the tank so as to be reflected therefrom, the angle of incidence of the beam of ultrasonic energy on the bottom and the slope of the bottom at the place of incidence of the beam on the bottom being such that the reflected beam passes through the moving metal strip aL a different place loc.ated inwardly of said marginal portion relative to the width of the strip from the place where the beam flrst passed through the moving metal strip and the reflected beam impinges against and is again reflected from the top surface of the treating solution and passes through the moving metal strip at still another place.
2. The method of claim 1 in which:
a plurality of additional beams of ultrasomic energy are generated transversely of the length dimension of the tank;
the plurality of additonal beams are disposed in spaced relation to each other between said one marginal portion of the metal strip and the other marginal portion of the metal strip, with the spacing between adjacent beams increased toward the other marginal portion of the metal strip, the plurality of additional beams are projected downwardly through the moving metal strip and onto the bottom of the tank.
a plurality of additional beams of ultrasomic energy are generated transversely of the length dimension of the tank;
the plurality of additonal beams are disposed in spaced relation to each other between said one marginal portion of the metal strip and the other marginal portion of the metal strip, with the spacing between adjacent beams increased toward the other marginal portion of the metal strip, the plurality of additional beams are projected downwardly through the moving metal strip and onto the bottom of the tank.
3. Apparatus for continuously treating moving metal strip with ultrasonic wave energy comprising:
an elongated open top tank having a bottom wall, sidewalls and end walls, the bottom wall of the tank sloping downwardly in a transverse direction relative to movement of the strip, the upwardly facing surface of the bottom having the ability to reflect ultrasonic energy efficiently, a body of treating solution having a top surface located above the bottom wall of the tank a distance not substantially greater than that required to cover the widest strlp to be treated, means for introducing the moving metal strip into the treating solution near one end of the tank, moving the metal strip through the treating solution and withdrawing the metal strip from the treating solution near the other end of the tank, a plurality of transducer means for generating beams of ultrasonic wave energy, each transducer means having a bottom, the beam of the ultrasonic energy emanating out of the bottom of the transducer means, a plurality of receptacle means, each receptacle means having liquid impermeable bottom and sidewalls for holding a liquid, the bottom wall being formed of ultrasonic energy transmissible material, a body of liquid other than the treating solution in each receptacle means, and means for supporting the receptacle means with the bottom wall of the receptacle means in contact with the treating solution and above the moving strip, each receptacle means supporting a transducer means in the recept-acle means immersed in the body of liquid in the receptacle means with the beam of ultrasonic energy directed downwardly toward the bottom wall of the tank, through the ultrasonic energy transmissible material of the receptacle means bottom wall, through the moving metal strip and onto the bottom wall of the tank.
an elongated open top tank having a bottom wall, sidewalls and end walls, the bottom wall of the tank sloping downwardly in a transverse direction relative to movement of the strip, the upwardly facing surface of the bottom having the ability to reflect ultrasonic energy efficiently, a body of treating solution having a top surface located above the bottom wall of the tank a distance not substantially greater than that required to cover the widest strlp to be treated, means for introducing the moving metal strip into the treating solution near one end of the tank, moving the metal strip through the treating solution and withdrawing the metal strip from the treating solution near the other end of the tank, a plurality of transducer means for generating beams of ultrasonic wave energy, each transducer means having a bottom, the beam of the ultrasonic energy emanating out of the bottom of the transducer means, a plurality of receptacle means, each receptacle means having liquid impermeable bottom and sidewalls for holding a liquid, the bottom wall being formed of ultrasonic energy transmissible material, a body of liquid other than the treating solution in each receptacle means, and means for supporting the receptacle means with the bottom wall of the receptacle means in contact with the treating solution and above the moving strip, each receptacle means supporting a transducer means in the recept-acle means immersed in the body of liquid in the receptacle means with the beam of ultrasonic energy directed downwardly toward the bottom wall of the tank, through the ultrasonic energy transmissible material of the receptacle means bottom wall, through the moving metal strip and onto the bottom wall of the tank.
4. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the elongated open top tank is formed of monolithic slabs of granite held together in liquid-tight relation.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 in which:
the bottom wall of the tank slopes downwardly from at least one sidewall toward the other sidewall, the plurality of receptacle means are longitudinally arranged along the length dimension of the tank with each receptacle disposed over one of the marginal portions of the moving strip 80 as to pass the beams of ultrasonic energy through said marginal portion of the moving strip, and the angles of incidence of each of the beams of ultrasonic energy impinging on the bottom wall of the tank are such that the reflected beam of the ultrasonic energy passes through the moving metal strip at a place located inwardly of said marginal portion of the moving strip rela-tive to the width of the strip.
the bottom wall of the tank slopes downwardly from at least one sidewall toward the other sidewall, the plurality of receptacle means are longitudinally arranged along the length dimension of the tank with each receptacle disposed over one of the marginal portions of the moving strip 80 as to pass the beams of ultrasonic energy through said marginal portion of the moving strip, and the angles of incidence of each of the beams of ultrasonic energy impinging on the bottom wall of the tank are such that the reflected beam of the ultrasonic energy passes through the moving metal strip at a place located inwardly of said marginal portion of the moving strip rela-tive to the width of the strip.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 in which a plurality of transducer means in receptacle means are arranged transversely of the length dimen-sion of the tank and disposed in spaced relation to each other with the spacing between adjacent transversely disposed transducer means successively increasing between one marginal portion of the strip and the other marginal portion of the strip.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 in which at least some of the transducer units are supported so as to impinge the ultrasonic energy emanating from the transducer means on the moving strip at an angle of incidence to the surface of the strip of between about 30° and about 60°.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 in which the means for supporting the receptacle means include imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank.
9. The apparatus of claim 8 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extending in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an intermediate portion of the width of the tank.
11. The apparatus of claims 9 or 10 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenuation of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
12. The apparatus of claim 3 in which:
the bottom wall of the tank slopes downwardly from at least one sidewall toward the other sidewall, the plurality of receptacle means are longitudinally arranged along the length dimension of the tank with each receptacle disposed over one of the marginal portions of the moving strip so as to pass the beams of ultrasonic energy through said marginal portion of the moving strip, and the angles of incidence of each of the beams of ultrasonic energy imping-ing on the bottom wall of the tank are such that the reflected beam of the ultrasonic energy passes through the moving metal strip at a place located in-wardly of said marginal portion of the moving strip relative to the width of the strip.
the bottom wall of the tank slopes downwardly from at least one sidewall toward the other sidewall, the plurality of receptacle means are longitudinally arranged along the length dimension of the tank with each receptacle disposed over one of the marginal portions of the moving strip so as to pass the beams of ultrasonic energy through said marginal portion of the moving strip, and the angles of incidence of each of the beams of ultrasonic energy imping-ing on the bottom wall of the tank are such that the reflected beam of the ultrasonic energy passes through the moving metal strip at a place located in-wardly of said marginal portion of the moving strip relative to the width of the strip.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 in which a plurality of transducer means in receptacle means are arranged transversely of the length dimension of the tank and disposed in spaced relation to each other with the spacing between adjacent transversely disposed transducer means successively increasing between one marginal portion of the strip and the other marginal portion of the strip.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 in which at least some of the transducer units are supported so as to impinge the ultrasonic energy emanating from the transducer means on the moving strip at an angle of incidence to the surface of the strip of between about 30° and about 60°.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 in which the means for supporting the receptacle means include imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
17. The apparatus of claim 16 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenuation of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
18. The apparatus of claim 3 in which a plurality of transducer means in receptacle means are arranged transversely of the length dimension of the tank and disposed in spaced relation to each other with the spacing between adjacent transversely disposed transducer means successively increasing between one marginal portion of the strip and the other marginal portion of the strip.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 in which at least some of the transducer units are supported so as to impinge the ultrasonic energy emanating from the transducer means on the moving strip at an angle of incidence to the surface of the strip of between about 30° and about 60°.
20. The apparatus of claim 19 in which the means for supporting the receptacle means include imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank.
21. The apparatus of claim 20 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
22. The apparatus of claim 21 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenuation of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
23. The apparatus of claim 3 in which at least some of the transducer units are supported so as to impinge the ultrasonic energy emanating from the transducer means on the moving strip at an angle of incidence to the surface of the strip of between about 30° and about 60°.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 in which the means for supporting the receptacle means include imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank.
25. The apparatus of claim 24 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
26. The apparatus of claim 25 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extending in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an intermediate portion of the width of the tank.
27. The apparatus of claim 26 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenua-tion of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
28. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the means for supporting the receptacle means include imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank.
29. The apparatus of claim 28 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
30. The apparatus of claim 29 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extending in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in the inter-mediate portion of the width of the tank.
31. The apparatus of claim 30 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenuation of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
32. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
33, The apparatus of claim 32 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extend-ing in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an intermediate portion of the width of the tank.
34. The apparatus of claim 33 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenua-tion of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
35. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenua-tion of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
36. The apparatus of claim 3 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extend-ing in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an intermediate portion of the width of the tank.
37. The apparatus of claim 35 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extending in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an inter-mediate portion of the width of the tank.
38. The apparatus of claim 4 in which a plurality of transducer means in receptacle means are arranged transversely of the length di-mension of the tank and disposed in spaced relation to each other with the spacing between adjacent transversely disposed transducer means successively increasing between one marginal portion of the strip and the other marginal portion of the strip.
39. The apparatus of claim 38 in which at least some of the trans-ducer units are supported so as to impinge the ultrasonic energy emanat-ing from the transducer means on the moving strip at an angle of incid-ence to the surface of the strip of between about 30° and about 60°.
40. The apparatus of claim 39 in which the means for supporting the receptacle means include imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank.
41. The apparatus of claim 40 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
42. The apparatus of claim 12 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extend-ing in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an intermediate portion of the width of the tank.
43. The apparatus of claim 42 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenuation of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
44. The apparatus of claim 43 in which at least some of the trans-ducer units are supported so as to impinge the ultrasonic energy emanat-ing from the transducer means on the moving strip at an angle of incid-ence to the surface of the strip of between about 30° and about 60°.
45. The apparatus of claim 44 in which the means for supporting the receptacle means include cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank.
46. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
47. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extend-ing in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an intermediate portion of the width of the tank.
48. The apparatus of claim 46 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenua-tion of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
49. The apparatus of claim 4 in which the means for supporting the receptacle means include imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank.
50. The apparatus of claim 49 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
51. The apparatus of claim 50 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extending in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an intermediate portion of the width of the tank.
52. The apparatus of claim 51 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenuation of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
53. The apparatus of claim 17 in which the configuration of the tank bottom and the angle of incidence and reflection of the emanated beam of ultrasonic energy in respect to the bottom of the tank result in repeated reflections of the emanated ultrasonic energy at the bottom of the tank and at the surface of the treating solution with the path of the reflected beam extending in a direction transverse of the length dimension of the tank and repeatedly passing through the moving strip.
54. The apparatus of claim 12 in which the means for moving the strip through the treating solution positions the strip for movement through the tank with the edges of the strip in contact with the bottom wall whereby the body of treating solution can be shallow and attenuation of the beam of reflected ultrasonic energy minimized.
55. The apparatus of claim 54 in which the sloping bottom of the tank comprises surfaces sloping upwardly on each side of a line extend-ing in the direction of the length dimension of the tank located in an intermediate portion of the width of the tank.
56. Apparatus for continuously treating moving metal strip with ultrasonic wave energy comprising:
an elongated open top tank having a bottom wall, sidewalls and end walls, a body of treating solution in the tank, means for introducing the moving metal strip into the treating solution near one end of the tank, moving the metal strip through the treating solution and withdrawing the metal strip from the treating solution near the other end of the tank, imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank in spaced relation to the body of treating solution, the cover means including means forming a plurality of open-ings in the cover means, a plurality of transducer means, each having a bottom, for gener-ating a beam of ultrasonic wave energy and emanating the beam of the ultrasonic energy out of the bottom of the transducer means, a plurality of receptacle means each having liquid impermeable bottom and sidewalls for holding a liquid, the bottom wall being formed of ultrasonic energy transmissible material, a body of liquid in each receptacle means, means associated with the means forming the openings in the cover means for supporting the receptacle means in the openings with at least the bottom wall of the receptacle means in contact with the treating solution and above the moving strip, each receptacle means supporting a transducer means in the receptacle means with at least a major portion of the trandsucer means immersed in the body of liquid in the receptacle means and with the beam of ultrasonic energy directed at an angle other than 90° to the bottom wall of the tank, through the ultrasonic energy transmissible material of the receptacle means bottom wall, through the moving metal strip and against the bottom wall of the tank.
an elongated open top tank having a bottom wall, sidewalls and end walls, a body of treating solution in the tank, means for introducing the moving metal strip into the treating solution near one end of the tank, moving the metal strip through the treating solution and withdrawing the metal strip from the treating solution near the other end of the tank, imperforate cover means for the open top of the tank extending across the top of the tank in spaced relation to the body of treating solution, the cover means including means forming a plurality of open-ings in the cover means, a plurality of transducer means, each having a bottom, for gener-ating a beam of ultrasonic wave energy and emanating the beam of the ultrasonic energy out of the bottom of the transducer means, a plurality of receptacle means each having liquid impermeable bottom and sidewalls for holding a liquid, the bottom wall being formed of ultrasonic energy transmissible material, a body of liquid in each receptacle means, means associated with the means forming the openings in the cover means for supporting the receptacle means in the openings with at least the bottom wall of the receptacle means in contact with the treating solution and above the moving strip, each receptacle means supporting a transducer means in the receptacle means with at least a major portion of the trandsucer means immersed in the body of liquid in the receptacle means and with the beam of ultrasonic energy directed at an angle other than 90° to the bottom wall of the tank, through the ultrasonic energy transmissible material of the receptacle means bottom wall, through the moving metal strip and against the bottom wall of the tank.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US68580076A | 1976-05-12 | 1976-05-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1080095A true CA1080095A (en) | 1980-06-24 |
Family
ID=24753720
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA266,172A Expired CA1080095A (en) | 1976-05-12 | 1976-11-19 | Treatment of metal strip with ultrasonic energy and apparatus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1080095A (en) |
-
1976
- 1976-11-19 CA CA266,172A patent/CA1080095A/en not_active Expired
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |