CA1078700A - Underwater diving system - Google Patents

Abstract

Abstract of the Disclosure The disclosure of this specification teaches the use of a regulator for a self-contained breathing apparatus for attachment to a user's back. The regulator includes a high pressure entrance thereto which is adapted to receive high pressure breathing gas from a source of breathing gas under pressure. A poppet is provided, which poppet has a valving surface.
A conduit has a valve seat which is adapted to receive the valving surface thereover. A linkage operatively moves the poppet. Connected to the linkage is a spring loaded member exposed to ambient pressure. An elastomeric flex-ible member is attached to the ambient pressure member, which flexible member deforms under varying pressures between the ambient condition of the inter-mediate pressure which has been regulated by the regulator.

Description

~ o787~0 The ~eld of this inYention l,ies ~ithin the self contained breathing gas apparatus axt. ,, The prior art related to self contained breathing gas apparatus incorporates the util'ization of single and multiple tanks with'a conduit ~etween them. Thé conduit is usually valved so that the`breathing gas can escape from the tanks to be regulated by~ a fi,rst stage regulator.
Such first stage regulators incorporate a piston having a sealing surface which dynamically operates in~ardly and out-wardly, thereb'y openi,ng and closing a valve port connected thereto which,is exposed to high pressure gas. The opening and closing of the ~alYe port allows for the transition of gas from ' ~ "' the high pressure tanks to a conduit at intermediate pressure, leading to a demand regulator.
It has been generall~ accepted practice in the operation of the' regulator piston to use a numher of springs to ~'`
bias the`piston. In the piston seal it has been customary to - , -incorporate yarious seals and dynami,call~ sealing 0 Rings and '~
~ashers.
According to the present inventi,on, there is provided a regulator comprising: a high pres,sure entrance thereto adapted to receive high pressure breathing gas from a source of breathing gas under pressure; a conduit,for receiving high pressure gas from said entrance and haYing a valve seat; a poppet haYing a valYing surface adapted to be received over said valYe seat to close said conduit; a linkage for operatively moving said poppet; a spring loaded piston ~ith one side exposed to a~bient pressure connected to said linkage; and, an elasto-meric flexible member haying an open interior attached around said piston which deforms through its cross-sectional area and -`- - 1078700 does not substanti.ally sli.de durin~ regulati.on under varying ~ !
pressures bet~een said ambient condi.tion and intermediate pressure ~hich has been regulated b~ the regulator.
The regulator may also include spring ~iasing means to maintain the poppet in a closed position until the piston through the linkage moves th.e ,. ~.~, . . .: .
-la-.
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poppet to uncover the valve seat. A valve for valving high pressure gas to the regulator valve poppet may be provided as may a rupture disc adapted to ~ -rupture above pre-established pressures.
The following is a description by way of example of one embodiment of the present invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows a perspective upright view of the outer casing and system;
Figure 2 shows a side elevation view in the direction of lines 2-2 of Figure l;
Figure 3 shows the interior of the device as sectioned along its parting line in the direction of lines 3-3 of Figure 2;
Figure 4 shows a sectional view of the filling poppet in the direction of lines 4-4 of Figure 9;
Figure 5 shows a reverse view from that shown in Figure 1 along the surface where the system is interfaced with a user's back in the direction of lines 5-5 of Figure 2;
Figure 6 shows a sectional view through part of the casing and a bottom view of the tanks and manifold of the system in the direction of lines 6-6 of Figure l;
Figure 7 shows an exploded perspective view of the main components of the system as exploded from the front to the rear in the direction of lines 7-7 of Figure 2;
Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the first stage regulator as seen in the direction of arrows 8-8 of Figure 3;
Figure 9 shows a plan view of the reserve valve of this system in the direction of lines 9-9 of Figure 3;
Figure 10 shows a sectional view of the reserve mechanism within the reserve valve in the direction of lines 10-10 of Figure 9;
Figure 11 shows a separated perspective view of the tank straps r _- -- 2 --`' 1078700 . `. ~, and supporting ha,rness. st~aps which a di,ver. uses; and, Figure 12 is found on the same sheet as Figure 4 and shows a parti.ally sect$oned ~iew of the fi.lling block as encircled by circle 12 of Figure 7.
Look.ing at the figures, it can b.e seen that an outer casing lQ i.s shown with a front portion 12 and a back portion .
14. Th,e front portion 12 and the back portion 14 are separated , along a parting line.l6. Th.e two port;ons. of the casing 10 are ::

secured at the parting line by means of latches 18 which comprise a catch portion 20 and a hook 22. The catch portion 2Q latches onto the ho'ok portion 22 as is generally done in o~er-centes latch.arrange~ents.
The front portion of the case 12 is formed with a handle 26 and an opening 28 therethrough. The handle 26 is molded into both.the front 12 and back porti,on 14 and forms an integral member of the entire casing. The casing 10 can be formed of a plasti,c or a metal sheet, or built up of reinforced plastic resin. In the specific em~odi,ment as shown, it has been formed from ABS ~acrylonitrile-butadi.e.ne-styrene~, plastic and 2Q then provided with.thé respective fittings necessary to form the entire system.
The casing lQ has a numher of depres,sions for certain fixtures in order to prevent catching and snagging thereof.
Specifically, depressions 30 and 32 are utilized for enabling the latches 18 to be depressed within th,e outer periphery of the casing to avoid snaggi,ng of the latches.
In addition thereto, a depressi,on 34 is implaced ~ithin the back of the casing 14 for receipt of the bolts which hold the internal portions of the system in a secure 3Q manner. Additionally, a pair of depressions 38 and 4Q are * 3 . .
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` ` 1078700 ~ ~
' 1 pxovided on the hack. 14 for puxposes of depxessing bolts and ~ ' their associ,ated nuts which serve.'to hold the i,nternal structure as weIl as the straps of the harness of this invention.
Looking more part~.cularly at the straps, an entire harne.ss 44 i:s shown. The harness 44 has a ~aist strap 46 which ,, '' is joined by a huc~Ie 48. The wai.st strap 46 is served by a crotch. strap sa. The`crotch'strap 50 h.as. a loop 52 which can be secured to the buck.Ie 48. Th,e crotch.'strap 50 with its ~.
"

,~ -3a-1(~78700 loop 52 is secured to the buckle 48 by means of a hook 53 on the buckle. The crotch strap 50 incorporates two members of a Y, namely straps 56 and 58.
The entire crotch strap when implaced prevents the casing 10 from sliding over a user's shoulders when the user is in an upside down position.
A pair of shoulder straps 60 and 62 are utili~ed with the harness.
Each of the shoulder straps 60 and 62 incorporate a unique buckle formed of two members 64 and 66, facilitating rapid escape from the system if necessaryO
The shoulder straps 60 and 62 are secured to the casing by a series of bolts in a manner to be describedO
The main pressure system of this invention incorporates a plural-ity of tanks 70, 72 and 74. The tanks 70, 72 and 74 are high pressure vessels having an interiorly threaded neck at the base thereof, which can receive a threaded fitting such as a nipple in the interior thereof. A manifold 76 is connected to the interior of the threaded fitting of the tankO The manifold 76 incorporates the first stage reserve regulator valve and filling means of this invention which will be described in detail.
The tanks are circumscribed by an upper tank strap 80 and a lower tank strap 82. The upper tank strap 80 conforms with three circular loops 84, 86 and 88 to the tanks 70, 72 and 74. The circular loops are joined by flat-tened portions 90, 92, 94 and 96. Each of the flattened portions have an opening therethrough to receive a boltO
In like manner, the lower tank strap 82 has a series of flats 100, 102, 104 and 106. The lower strap 82 with the respective flats 100 through 106 are continuously formed with circular portions 110, 112 and 114. When the openings through the flats 90 through 96 and 100 through 106 are provided with a bolt passing therethrough, the tanks 70, 72 and 74 are secured in tightened relationship thereinO
The entire structure is secured by bolts 120. The bolts 120 have a plurality of nuts and washers respectively 126 and 130 on either sideO The nuts 128 serve the function of securing the tank 70, 72 and 74 into the back .. . . .. .

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plate 14. The nuts backed by washers are seated in the depressed areas 34 so as to lie beneath the outer periphery of the back of the back plate 14 In the same manner, the above flats 100 through 106 of the lower strap 82 receive bolts 140 that are served by nuts 142. In addition thereto, the washer arrangement of the previous description related to the strap 80 secures the lower strap 82 to the back of the back plate 14.
The breathing gas tanks or pressure vessels 70, 72 and 74 are con- ~, nected to the manifold 76 by means of threads within the neck of each tank 70 through 74.
The manifold in its component parts has two pipes 150 and 152. ~`
The two pipes 150 and 152 each respectively have a wrench surface in the form `
of a hexagonal nut 154 and 156 which serves the function of allowing the manifold to be unthreaded and replaced or connected for repair or assembly .
purposes. These pipes are 0-ring sealed at their ends in such a way as to allow a width adjustment to be made on the pressurized assembly by virtue of the thread advancement when the pipes are rotated. This assures a fit within the outer casing 10. The manifold 76 also has a center connection member 160 , ~ which serves to interconnect the pipes 150 and 152.
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A reserve valve assembly 162 and a valve and regulator assembly 20~ 164 are each respectively shown with their female threads threaded onto the pipes 150 and 152. f `
; ~ The reserve assembly 162 has an upright threaded portion 168 which `
fits into the tank 74O The manifold interconnect 160 has an upright male ~ threaded connection 170 that fits into the pipe or tank 72. In like manner, f the valve and regulator assembly 164 has an upright male connection 172 which f' ~ ~ threads into the base or neck of the tank 70.
Each one of the foregoing components will be described in detail and provide the function which allows the entire system to operate.
The reserve assembly 162 has a knob 174 with a lever 176 extending ~ ``
30 therefrom. The lever 176 allows a turning of the knob in order to provide `I ' .~
`~

- ~ . . , . , , :

": ~-the reserve gas when a pre-established pressure has been reached.
The pressure of the entire system on the high pressure side can be monitored by means of a pressure gauge 180 connected to a hose 182. The hose 182 is in turn threaded into the reserve valve assembly 162.
At either end of the hose 182 are fittings respectively 184 and ~;
186 that are swaged onto the hose and provided with a male threaded insert for accommodating the respective gauge and reserve assembly.
The reserve valve assembly 162 is interconnected by a hose 194 which is the filling hose. The hose 194 is swaged with a fitting 196 that is secured to the reserve valve assembly 162. The hose 194 leads to a filling connection 198. The filling connection 198 is fundamentally a block shaped to provide a connection with a yoke and screw type fitting at the outlet end of a high pressure air supply hose. The female threaded opening 199 can receive gas under pressure which is provided thereto and is sealed during filling by an 0 Ring 201. The block 198 is threaded by threads 205 to a swivel 207 that is connected to the swaged connection 200 on the hose 194.
The swivel allows the block to be maintained on the casing 10 and then with-drawn for use. ; -~
The block 198 can be provided with a poppet valve therein, or a poppet valve can be provided within the reserve assembly itself as shown in Figure 4. Regardless of the place where the poppet valve is provided, it should provide displacement in a positive direction when the filling pressure is exerted thereon.
The reserve valve assembly 162 in this embodiment incorporates a poppet valve 209 that is formed as a mushroom. The rounded valving surface thereof seats against an inlet opening within a threaded portion of the swaged fitting 196, which is sealed by an 0 Ring 2130 The poppet 209 is biased by a spring 217. The spring urges the poppet 209 closed until a filling pressure is received from a pressurized source of gas.

In operation, the filling block 198 receives a male fitting into its opening and is sealed by the 0 Ring 201. The gas passes into the block 198 which is mounted on the swivel 207 and to the swaged hose fitting 200 on the -block. The gas then passes into the reserve assembly where it is valved by the poppet valve 209, and allowed to flow into the manifold and then into the tanks.
The filling block 198 is maintained on the casæng 10 by means of a knurled knob 202 that has machine threads 203 thereon that thread into the filling block threads 199 to hold it when the filling system is not in use.
The knurled screw 202 is attached to the side of the casing 10 with-in the handle opening 28. In this manner, the threaded knurled knob 202 can secure the filling block 198 thereagainst until it has been removed and is ready for filling.
In these relative positions, the knurled screw 202 is sealed against the filling block 198 by the 0 Ring 201, thereby preventing the entry of water into the system when in use. A smaller 0 Ring 204 serves as a secondary or backup high pressure seal in the event of gas leakage past the poppet valve 209.
The filling block 198 can also be withdrawn from the casing after it ` has been unthreaded from the knurled knob 202 due to slack in the hose 194.
j 20 After it is withdrawn, the swivel allows it to turn on the swaged fitting 200 for purposes of rotationally orienting the filling block 198 in a particular direction that is best for accommodating a pressurized filling source of gas.
Looking more particularly at figures 9 and 10, it can be seen that the reserve assembly 162 as shown with its knob 174. The knob 174 has the lever 176 extending therefrom to provide greater turning leverage for operation.
The lever 176 can furthermore be provided with an opening as shown, in order to connect a lanyard thereto for remote operation.
The reserve assembly 162 is shown with the hose 182 that is connected to the pressure gauge, by means of a swaged swivel fitting 186. In addition ..
thereto~ the filling hose 194 is shown with a swaged fitting 196 which threads into the reserve assembly 162.
The male threads 168 of the reserve assembly 162 are shown with in-ternal threads to receive a threaded pipe 169 which threads into the reserve assembly for purposes of providing a deeper conduit into the tank 74 associated therewith. In order to seal the tank 74 more securely onto the reserve assembly 162, an 0 Ring 171 is shown surrounding the fitting 168 which threads into the .
tank 74. The reserve assembly 162 is connected to the pipe 150 and serves as part of the manifold.
Looking more specificaIly at the reserve assembly, it can be seen `
that the high pressure portion of the system is exposed to conduit 222. The gas from the high pressure side is caused to pass through a port 224 against a poppet assembly 226 and out through a passage in the general area of cavity 230. i The poppet1assembly 226 is such that it causes a valve member or cover 232 formed as a portion of a poppet 234 to seal a valve seat. The valve surface 234 is enhanced by a plastic disc which has been secured into the piston 234.
A poppet stem 236 is connected to a male cam member 242 which is al-, ~ lowed to slide up and down in spring biased relationship with the female cam , element 238 by a spring 240. The spring 240 maintains the male cam element 20 ` 242 having an upright V member against a female cam element 238. The female cam element 238 is such that it receives the male cam element 242 therein in a deep groove. The deep groove and male and female cams are shown in Figure 10 : ~:
seated in the high differential pressure mode with the reserve handle lever 176 not yet manually actuated. In other words, the tank pressure has not dropped to such a level that it generates insufficient force to continue to hold the poppet off the seat 231 against the opposing force of a spring 240.
In the "on reserve" (manually actuated) pressure mode, the male cam section 242 is turned ninety degrees and rides in a diminutive slot across the female cam element 238 which is at right angles to the major slot as shown in 1C~78700 the Figure 10 illustration. The male cam 242 positioned in this manner, has moved against the force of spring 240 pepositioning the poppet away from the seat and allowing the gas pressure to equalize above and below the valve seat 231. The female cam element is secured in place by a washer 244 surrounding the female cam element. The washer is in turn held in place by a bonnet 246.
The bonnet 246 having threads 248 is shown threaded by the threads into the entire reserve assembly 162. The bonnet 246 is sealed by an 0 Ring 249 into the reserve assembly 162. The handle 174 is connected to a stem 250 having a key 252 which is received within a slot in the male cam 242. The stem 250 with the key 252 has a grooved annular portion 256 which receives an 0 Ring 258 therein. The 0 Ring serves to seal the stem 250 into the bonnet to prevent gas leaking therearound. As can be appreciated, high pressure gas is exposed to the area beneath the 0 Ring 258 and as a consequence, must be pre-vented from leaking by the stem 250 and the bonnet 246 interface.
The stem 250 has a square upper cross section 260 which is received within a washer 262 molded within the handle 174. The washer 262 has a square opening that matches and receives the square portion 260 of the stem 250. This allows the handle 174 to engage and turn the stem 250. The handle 174 is held onto the stem by means of a threaded extension 276 on the stem 250 engaging a nut 278. The entire handle 174 is held in a spring biased position against a washer 280 by means of a spring 284 forcing it thereagainst, in opposition to the nut 278. By such securement, the handle 174 may be deflected by lateral forces which could otherwise damage its relationship with the stem 250.
In operation, the handle 174 is placed in a position to allow for a substantial degree of force by spring 240 against the valve surface 232. The force curtails the flow of gas from the port 224 between the valve surface 232 and seat below a pre-established pressure, in this case approximately 1000 psig.
When the pressure has slipped to 1000 psig, the force of the spring 240 cannot be overcome. As a consequence passage of gas beyond or below the -, ~ . ,: . ~, 1~78700 : .
valve surface 232 ceases. Afterwards, the user continues to breathe the re-maining 1000 psig of air contained in tanks 70 and 72 until inhalation becomes difficult due to excessively low pressure.
In order to c0ntinue operation of the system below approximately 1000 psig, the handle 174 is turned, turning the male cam 242, thereby pushing it downwardly by virtue of its indexing with the diminutive slot in the female cam member 238 which is at a relatively lower level. In this position, the valve surface 234 is moved below or away from the valve seat 231. This allows the passage of gas around the valving member or valve surface 232, through the manifold and into tanks 70 and 72. The passage of gas equalizes the pressure at some considerable pressure below the 1000 psig reserve set point, in this case~ approximately 300 psig. The user is now free to breathe the remaining ~ gas to depletion.
;~ Looking at the regulator assembly 164, it is shown with a handle 300 that provides a valving function. The regulator assembly 164 is connected to 3 the pipe 152 and serves as part of the manifold. It is also connected through 3' its male pipe nipple connection 172, not shown in Figure 8, to the tank 70, and sealed thereto by an 0 Ring surrounding the pipe nipple 172.
, The valve and regulator assembly 164 is connected to a second stage J 20 or demand regulator 302 through a hose 304. The connection is interfaced with a connecting block 306 which is exposed at the upper portion of the back plate 14. The connecting block 306 connects the demand regulator 302 by a second hose 310 to the first stage regulator assembly 164 by a port 314 having an out-let connected thereto which has not been shown.
Thus, regulated breathing gas under first stage regulation is pro-vided from the port 314 to the second stage regulator 302 through the foregoing connections. The second stage regulator 302 is a diaphragmatic type which is well known in the art. It is connected by a swaged fitting 316 to the hose 304. The demand regulator 302 has an outlet manifold 320 provided for the ex-halation of gas. The second stage regulator 302 also has a mouthpiece 322 which fits into a ~preather?s mouth so that a breather can exhale and inhale at will through the demand regulator 302.
The first stage regulator 164 comprises both a regulator and a valve assembly. The valve assembly is for purposes of disconnecting the entire high pressure system from the second stage regulator by means of the valve handle ;
300.
Looking more specifically at the valve and regulator assembly 164 where it relates specifically to itssvalving function~ it can be seen that the handle 300 allows the passage of gas to the regulator portion through a passage 324. The passage 324 has an upright conduit that is surrounded by a valve seat 326 covered by a valving surface 328. The valving surface is primarily a plas-tic surface that has been secured into a valve retainer 330. me valve retain-er is threaded into a housing 332. The retainer 330 has a slot 336 or key way which receives a valve stem 338. me valve stem 338 is operatively connected to the handle 300 in a manner to be described.
The valve housing 332 is threaded into the valve body by threads 340 and is sealed by means of an O Ring 342 which has been shown in a conform-ed condition as it seats against the flange of the housing.
y 20 The conduit 324 is connected to the high pressure side of the system through the upright male connection 172 by which the valve and regulator assem-bly is threaded into the tank 70. The pipe connection 172 contains a;filter element through which all gas must pass when traveling toward the passage 324 from any other part of the high pressure system. -~
The housing 332 also incorporates interior threads 34~. The interior threads 344 receive the retainer 330 so that it can threadedly travel upwardly and downwardly within the threads thereof. Of course, as it moves upwardly, it tends to open the passage 324 which is covered by the valving surface 328 which ccvers the valve seat 326.

`` 1078700 :: .
The stem 338 is provided with a male key 348 which fits the slot 336 so that it turns the retainer 330 which in effect acts as a traveller. The stem 338 with the key 348 is turned by the handle 300 which in turn rides on `
a washer 350 and is sealed by a second washer 352. `
- The stem 338 has a rectangular portion 360 which mates with a second rectangular opening in a washer 362 that has been ca~t within the handle 300.
The handle 300 is molded around the washer 362 so that it will not turn within the handle 300. The plastic handle 300 with the washer 362 provides a square ,~ ",j~
opening in its center when it is molded therein so that the handle turns the square portion of the stem 338 and thus the valve retainer 330.
e whole assembly of the handle 300 and the valve stem 338 is se-.~., .
cured by means of a threaded extension 364 on the valve stem 338. The threaded extension 364 receives a nut 366. The handle 300 is held in a spring biased position against the washer 350 by a spring 368 in opposition to the nut 366.
This allows the handle 300 to bend from its axial position when a lateral force is imposed against it, so that it does not damage the relationship of the valve stem 338 with the retai r 330 and the attendant valving apparatus.
In order to protect the high pressure side of the entire system, a blowout plNg 370 is threaded into the body of the valve and regulator assembly 164. The ~lowout plug 370 has a port 372 which is in connected relationship to an axia1 port which passes through the plug into a high pressure passage 376 connected to the remainder of the high pressure system. A copper disc 378 ., ~ is secured by the plug 370 and is backed by a washer or gasket 380 which serves ::
to seal the plug 370. The intent is that the copper disc 378 rupture and pass the increased gas pressure through the port 372 before the system fails in its entirety. As a consequence, the rupture disc is designed for the maximum pres-; sure which is desired within the system prior to its failure.
A second intermediate pressure outlet port 381 is capped and plugged by a threaded plug 382 having a hexagonal nut surface. The threaded plug 382 .~ '' 78700 ~ : ~

is secured in the valve and regulator housingagainst leakage by means of an O Ring 384.
The intermediate pressure port 314 which goes to the second stage regulator hose 310 is served by valving the high pressure breathing gas from the passage 324. Of course, the high pressure breathing gas from the passage ~, 324 can only be delivered thereto after the valve handle 300 has been turned for purposes of releasing the valving surface 328 from the valve seat 326.
This causes the gas to flow through the passage 324 and be regulated by the first stage regulator of this invention.~
High pressure gas is delivered to an area adjacent a cavity provided 1 ., by an interior opening of a seat block 390. The seat block 390 is threaded into the regulator and valve assembly by means of threads 392 that are match-~ ing between the regulator assembly and seat block. The seat block accommodates ; a spring block 396 which receives a spring 398 thereagainst~ ~The spring block : ~ :
396 serves to guide a seat disc retainer or poppet 400.
The seat disc retainer or poppet 400 is sealed within the spring -block by means of an 0 Ring 402 and a backup washer 404. This serves to seal the high pressure breathing gas from the intermediate pressure breathing gas.
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This is necessary because after the h~gh pressure gas is valved, the high ;~ 20 pressure breathing gas can leak alongside the edges of the interface between ` the poppet 400 and spring block 396.
The seat disc retainer or piston 400 has a valving surface 418 in the form of a plastic disc which has been secured into the relatively square flange 420 of the seat disc retainer or poppet. This serves to provide a valving function against the angular edges of the valve seat 422 provided by - the seat block.
The poppet or seat block retainer 400 is balanced by virtue of an opening therethrough which is exposed to intermediate pressure on the inter-mediate side of the valve closure function of the regulator. In order to .-, . , ; , - . - ,. ,, :, : . .. , :

cause the seat block retainer or poppet to move from the seat, a pin 424 is utilized to move the seat block retainer or piston away from its valving func-tion. This occurs when an imbalance is sensed due to a person requiring air during breathing, which creates a negative pressure within the cavity 425 re-lative to that on the opposite side of the piston 428.
- The pin 424 is seated within a piston or main regulating piston 428 having an enlarged O Ring 430 around an annular groove thereof. The piston 428 is not only sealed by the O Ring~ but the O Ring 430 itself acts as a de-formation element for providing movement tolthe piston 428 through its cross section rather than through any sliding movement on the interior surface of the bor~ of the regulator cavity. The piston 428 is heldin place by means of a spring 432 held by an adjustment screw 434 which mates with matching threads in the regulator.
In operation~ the negative pressure of the piston on the intermediate ;~s side causes a defo~nation of the cross sectional material of the O Ring 430 so that the spring 432 moves it along with an attendant pin 424 to cause the seat disc retainer or poppet 400 to move from the valve seat 422. This, of course, val~es high pressure breathing gas into the intermediate pressure zone and to the hose 310 that is con~ected to the second stage regulator 302 that is con-20 nected to a breatherts mouth. In accordance with the foregoing action, when one inhales the imbalance thereby causes the foregoing valving and the supply of regulated intermediately pressurized breathing gas.
As can be seen from the foregoing specification, this invention should be read broadly in light of the advance in the art hereof which pro-vides a combined self contained breathing system. The combined system utilizes regulatory reserve functions and other auxiliary functions in a single unit incorporated in a streamlined configuration that enables a diver to encapsulate aIl the functions of his life support systems into one case. As a consequence, this invention should be read as to its breadth and scope in light of the fol-30 lowing claims.

Claims (4)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. A regulator comprising:
a high pressure entrance thereto adapted to receive high pressure breathing gas from a source of breathing gas under pressure; a conduit for receiving high pressure gas from said entrance and having a valve seat; a poppet having a valving surface adapted to be received over said valve seat to close said conduit; a linkage for operatively moving said poppet; a spring loaded pistion with one side exposed to ambient pressure connected to said linkage; and, an elastomeric flexible member having an open interior attached around said piston which deforms through its cross-sectional area and does not substantially slide during regulation under varying pressures between said ambient condition and intermediate pressure which has been regulated by the regulator.

2. The regulator as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:
spring biasing means to maintain said poppet in a closed position until said piston through said linkage moves said poppet to uncover said valve seat.

3. The regulator as claimed in claim 2 further comprising:
a valve for valving high pressure gas to said regulator valve poppet.

4. The regulator as claimed in claim 3 further comprising:
a rupture disc subjected to the pressure of said high pressure breathing gas and adapted to rupture above pre-established pressures.